Hindi Sanskruti ane Ahimsa

Author(s): Sukhlal Sanghavi
Publisher: Z_Darshan_ane_Chintan_Part_2_004635.pdf
Catalog link: https://jainqq.org/explore/249226/1

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hindI saMskRti ane ahiMsA hindI saMskRti ane ahiMsA" nAmanuM prastuta pustaka mULamAM marAThI bhASAmAM lakhAyeluM che. enA lekhaka vAcanazIla gujarAtIthI bhAgye ja ajANyA evA adhyApaka dharmAnaMda kezAMbI che. prastuta gujarAtI anuvAdanA prakAzaka zrIyuta jIvaNalAlabhAIne A pustakanA prAraMbhamAM kAMIka lakhI devA vize jyAre mArA upara kAgaLa Avyo tyAre sAthe ja kosAMbIjIne paNa mArA upara patra hato ke mAre kAMIka lakhavuM. kezAbIjanA paricita ja nahi paNa ati paricita ane temanA pratye AdarazIla aneka vidvAna hovA chatAM kezabIe mArA jevA anadhikArI mitranI pasaMdagI karI, tethI mane aMtaramAM sAce ja navAI lAgI. tabiyata ane bIjA kAryabhArane lIdhe, tema ja dhArmika manAtA ane te ja kAraNe ati ALA viSaya upara lakhAyela AvA gaMbhIra pustaka vize kAMI paNa lakhavAnA adhikAranA spaSTa bhAnane lIdhe, meM javAbamAM zrIyuta jIvaNalAlabhAIne kAMIka lakhavA vize nA ja lakhI heta, paNa tema karI na zakyo. kezAbIjI sAthenA mArA vividha madhura saMbadhemAM eka mahatvano madhura saMbaMdha pahelethI lAMbA kALa lagI avyAhata cAlyo Avelo. te saMbaMdha che vidyAne. bauddha pAli vADmayanI mArI asalI upAsanA gUjarAta vidyApIThamAM kezabIjhanA joDANa sAthe ja temanI pAse zarU thaI ne TheTha prastuta pustaka lakhavAnA uddezathI teo jyAre hindu yunivarsiTImAM AvI rahyA tyAM lagI ane chevaTe temaNe jyAre sarayUtaTe jaI anazana AdaryuM, tyAMthI kAzImAM pAchI pharyo tyAM lagI arthAt 1944 nA ziyALA lagI maLatI badhI takemAM cAlu rahI. AvA ISTa ane jIvanamAM rasapUraka vidyAsaMbaMdhane lIdhe ja mArAthI, kizobIjIne zramasiddha atipriya pustaka vize, kAMI paNa lakhI ApavAnI nA lakhavAnuM kAma kaThaNa jevuM thaI paDayuM. lagabhaga be mAsa lagI prastuta pustakanA badhA pharamA pAse rAkhyA. have vadhAre vakhata sudhI ene ema ne ema rAkhavAM e prakAzakanI daSTie ane mArA pitAnA bhAvI kAmanI daSTie egya na lAgyuM, tethI prastuta pustaka vAMcatAM je sAmAnya ne uparachallA vicAre AvyA temAMno thoDe paNa bhAga lakhI, savIkArela baMdhanamAMthI mukta thavA prayatna kare che.

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hindI saMskRti ane ahiMsA [ 601 aitihAsika yuga pahelAMnAM hajAro varSathI Aja lagInA dIrghatama kALayaTa upara satata vahelI ane vahetI hindI saMskRtine aneka pAsAone sparzatA vividha abhyAsa ane ciMtanathI bharapUra evA A madhyama kadanA chatAM gaMbhIratama pustaka vize sAdhikAra lakhavAnuM kAma mULa lekhakanA abhyAsa ane avalokana karatAM vadhAre nahi te ochAmAM ochuM temanA jeTalA abhyAsa, avalokana ane ciMtananI apekSA rAkhe ja che. paNa atyAre te mArI pAse je kAMI svalpa sAdhanasaMpatti che tethI ja A kAma patAvavuM rahyuM. pustakanA lekhakane, tema ja pustakamAM pratipAdana karela viSaya sAthe sIdho saMbaMdha dharAvanAra kareDa vaidika, bauddho ne lAkhe jenene, parimita samaya ane atiparimita zaktinI sthitimAM huM ghaTate ne pUre nyAya ApI zakuM e saMbhavita ja nathI. e kAma te bIjA anekAe tema ja koI eka samarthatame karavuM rahyuM. mAruM kArya te A dizAmAM eka prAthamika ane adhUruM pagaluM bharavA jevuM gaNavuM joIe. nAma pramANe pustakane prativAdya viSaya hindI saMskRti ane ahiMsA e ja che. A mukhya viSayanA lekhake mukhya pAMca vibhAga karyA che. dareka vibhAgamAM gauNa ane avAntara bIjA aneka mathALAMo nIce aneka vizenI carcA karavAmAM AvI che, paNa te dareka cacI te te mukhya vibhAga sAthe ane chevaTe pustakanA mukhya prativAdya viSaya sAthe saMkaLAI jAya enI kALajI rAkhavAmAM AvI che; vaidika saMskRti, zramaNa saMskRti, paurANika saMskRti, pAzcAtya saMskRti tema ja saMskRti ane ahiMsA e pAMca vibhAgo mukhya che. 'hindI saMskRti e zabdathI lekhakane vastutaH brAhmaNa ane zramaNa e be saMskRti vivakSita che. brAhmaNa saMskRtimAM vaidika ane paurANika saMskRtine samAveza thaI jAya che. zramaNa saMskRtimAM jaina ane bauddha be saMskRtio gaNatAM ekaMdara hindI saMskRti zabdathI vizALa arthamAM vaidika saMskRti tema ja bauddha ane jaina saMskRti e hindustAnanI mukhya traNe saMskRtio AvI jAya che. lekhakanA mata mujaba bAbileniyAmAMthI sakhtasibdha pradezamAM Avela Aryo ane e ja pradezamAM prathamathI vasatA ane pachIthI Aryo dvArA jitAyelA dAse, ema Arya ane dAsenA mizraNathI je eka prakAranI viziSTa saMskRti udbhavI te ja mULa vaidika saMskRti. A saMskRtimAM dAsenA prAdhAnyane lAgevaLage che tyAM lagI temAM gopAlana ane gadayA pUratI ahiMsA prathama ja hatI. dAna, rAjakIya parAjaya sAthe, jyAre naitika parAjaya paNa thaye ane

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602 ] darzana ane ciMtana AryonAM baLa tema ja prAdhAnya jema jema vadhatAM gayAM tema tema dhIre dhIre yajJayAgAdi karmanI AjabAjI dhArmika lekhAtI hiMsA paNa vistaravA lAgI. kALakramamAM kyAreka ahiMsAnA tara pradezavizeSamAM prAdhAnya bhegavyuM te kyAreka ochA ke vadhatA pradezamAM hiMsApradhAna yajJayAgAdi dharme prAdhAnya bhagavyuM. lekhakanA mantavya mujaba parIkSita ane janamejayanA pahelAMnA samaya sudhImAM hiMsApradhAna yajJayAgAdi dharmanuM astitva chatAM tenuM prAdhAnya na hatuM. parIkSita ane janamejaya, jemano samaya lekhake buddha pahelAM traNa varSane ja mAnya che, temaNe hiMsApradhAna yajJayAgAdi dharmane vadhAremAM vadhAre vega, ane uttejana ApyAM, ema lekhaka mAne che. A rIte yajJayAgAdimAM hiMsAnuM prAdhAnya vadhatAM ja bIjI bAjuthI jaina tIrthaMkara pArzvanAtha dvArA hiMsAne virodha ane ahiMsAnuM pratiSThAna zarU thayAM. eka taraphathI hiMsApradhAna yajJayAgAdi dharmane sabaLa pracAra ane bIjI taraphathI tene virodha tema ja ahiMsAnuM baLavat pratipAdana bane cAlatAM; te daramiyAna jaina tIrthakara mahAvIra ane tathAgata buddha bane thayA, ne e banne jaNe potapotAnI Dhabe paNa pUrA baLa sAthe dhArmika hiMsAne virodha karyo. dAsa leAkomAMthI temanA parAjaya pachI je ahiMsA osarI gaI hatI ne tenI jagyA hiMsAe lIdhI hatI te ja ahiMsA pAchI bamaNe vege ne vyApaka rIte dAsa tema ja Arya jAtinA mizraNathI janmela tema ja vikasita thayela vaMzamAM kALakrame vikasI tema ja sthira thaI. azaka jevA dhArmika samrATanA pUrepUrA pIThabaLane lIdhe ahiMsAe dhArmika hiMsAne evI pachADa khavarAvI ke tyArabAda kyAreka kyAreka teNe mAthuM ucakavuM, paNa chevaTe te te zAstra ne granthano ja mAtra viSaya banI rahI. lekhake A rIte dhArmika hiMsA ane ahiMsAnA pArasparika dvandranuM citra kheMcyuM che. tethI AgaLa vadhI chevaTe lekhaka sthala hiMsA ahiMsAnA pradezamAMthI sUkSma ane sUkSmatara hiMsA-ahiMsAnA pradezane sparza che. ene sparzatAM te ekavAranA dhArmika hiMsAnA virodhI ane ahiMsAnA samarthaka evA jJAtaputra mahAvIranA tema ja zodanapatra buddhanA zramaNaziSyonI pUrepUrI khabara le che. lekhaka kahe che, ne te sAcuM ja kahe che ke e zramaNoe yazIya hiMsAno virodha te karyo ne dekhItI rIte temaNe ahiMsA dharmanuM pAlana karavA mAMDayuM, paNa te ja ahiMsaka gaNAtA zramaNone jIvanamAM pAchalI bAjuthI sUkSma hiMsA-parigraha, Alasya, parAvalaMbana ne khuzAmata- rUpe dAkhala thaI. e ja hiMsAthI zramaNe nivace banyA ane temaNe chevaTe dharma ane rAjya banne sattA gumAvI. dhArmika hiMsA osaravA ne maLI

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hindI saMskRti ane ahiMsA paDavA chatAM brAhmaNavargamAM paNa zramaNa jeTalI ja, ke kadAca tethI vadhAre, parigraha, khuzAmata, parAzraya ane pArasparika ISyanI sUkSma hiMsA hatI ja. amaNe paNa e bAbatamAM paDelA, eTale ke ahiMsAnA tatvane barAbara vicArI te dvArA rASTra ane jAtinuM utthAna kare e mahApuruSa lAMbA vakhata sudhI A dezamAM na pAkyo. pazcimanI prathamathI ja jaDapUjaka ane hiMsApriya saMskRtimAM ahiMsA tatvane apanAvI te dvArA manuSyajatino vyApaka utkarSa sAdhavA samartha heya evo puruSa pAkavAne saMbhava ja bahu che. teTalAmAM chevaTe mahAtmA gAMdhIjI hindustAnanI, kharI rIte vizvanI, raMgabhUmi upara ahiMsAnuM tatva laI Ave che, ane e tattvanA sUkSma tema ja sthaLa bane arthane vyApaka rIte upayoga karI te dvArA mAtra hindustAnanuM ja nahi, paNa vastutaH samagra vizvanuM gUMcavAyeluM kokaDuM ukelavA ane samagra mAnavajAtinA pArasparika saMbaMdhane madhura tema ja sukhada banAvavA jagate kadApi nahi joyela e akhatare temaNe zarU karyo che. lekhakanI ahiMsAtatva pratye puSTa zraddhA hovAthI te gAMdhIjInA ahiMsApradhAna pragane sarakAre ane vadhAvI le che; paNa sAthe sAthe lekhaka ema mAne che ke A ahiMsAtatva sAthe prajJAnuM tatva maLavuM joIe, je tattvanI kAMIka khoTa te gAMdhIjImAM jue che ne je tAvanuM viziSTa astitva te sAmyavAdanA puraskartAomAM khAsa karI kArla mAkarsa jevAmAM-jue che. sAmyavAdIonI prajJA ane gAMdhIjInI ahiMsA e bannenA mizraNathI jagatanA uddhAranI pUrI AzA sAthe lekhaka pustaka samApta kare che. TUMkamAM, mArI samaja mujaba, samagra pustakanuM pratipAdya vastu ATaluM ja che. aMgata paricayathI kosAMbIjInI cAra zaktionI mArA upara UMDI chApa che, jene A pustakano koI paNa vAcaka pade pade ane prasaMge prasaMge joI zakaze. abhyAsa, avalokana, kalpanA-sAmarthya ane nIDarapaNuM-e cAra zaktio mukhya che. emane mukhya ane talasparzI abhyAsa bauddha piTaka ke pAli vAtmayane che, jenI daDha pratIti kaI paNa viSayanI carcA vakhate jyAre teo pAli vAbhayamAMthI bharaMjaka ane mahattvanA utArA chUTathI Ape che ne tenA artha samajAve che tyAre thaI jAya che. emanuM avalekana mAtra dharmasAhitya pUratuM nathI. emaNe duniyAmAM jANItA lagabhaga tamAma dharmasaMpradA vize koI ne koI vAMceluM che ja. te uparAMta judI judI manuSya jAtio, judA judA dezanA rItarivAje, rAjya saMsthAne, "sAmAjika baMdhAraNe, temanI caDatI paDatanA prasaMge Adi aneka viSaye vizenuM temanuM

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14] darzana ane ciMtana vAcana ane pratyakSa avalena ati vizALa che. emanI kalpanAzakti kavi ke navalakathAkArane adekhAI Ave evI che, jenI sAthe emanI vilakSaNa vinodaka zailI paNa otapreta che. emanuM nIDarapaNuM e emanuM ja che. je teo kAMI kahevA mAgatA hoya te pachI sAme game te hoya, jarA paNa anusaraNa karyA sivAya ke dabAyA sivAya, priyabhAvitvane bhege paNa, teo kahI ja de che. emanA A cAra guNe vAcaka jANI le te pachI A pustaka vAMcatI vakhate tenA manamAM UDatA ghaNA savAlanuM samAdhAna eka yA bIjI rIte koIke te thaI ja jaze. AjakAla lakhAtAM zAstrIya pustaka ghaNuMkharuM atihAsika athavA vaijJAnika e be dRSTione agara temAMnI eka dRSTine avalaMbI lakhAya che, kAraNa, A be daSTie enA guNa ne yathArthatAne baLa pratiSThA pAmI che. kezAbIjIe prastuta pustakanA lekhanamAM zarUAtathI ja atihAsika daSTine Azrama lIdhuM che. e dRSTithI temaNe pitAnuM vaktavya ke maMtavya siddha tema ja sabaLa banAvavA pitAnI ukta cAre zaktione vadhAremAM vadhAre upayoga karyo che, paNa aitihAsika daSTine Azraya laI pravRtta thavuM ane sAce ItihAsa zodhI te rajU kare e be vacce mahadantara che. atihAsika yuganI sarvavidita seMkaDo hakIkatane nirvivAda etihAsika khulAse kare e kAma paNa bhAremAM bhAre adharuM ane duHsAdhya jevuM hoya to atihAsika yuga pahelAMnAM seMkaDo nahi, paNa hajAro varSonI UMDI ane aMdhArI kALaguphAmAMthI ItihAsa kahI zakAya evAM vidhAna karavAnuM kAma te lagabhaga asaMbhavita ja che. tethI ja eTalA jUnA kALa vize lakhatAM kezAMbIjI Ama haze, Ama hovuM joIe, A saMbhava che, ItyAdi zabdamAM mAtra kalpanAtmaka ja vidhAna kare che. ene koI itihAsa lekhI na zake. teo paNa evI hakIkatane ItihAsa manAvavAno Agraha sevatA nathI. manuSya e jijJAsAnI mUrti che. kAmanuM hoya ke nakAmuM vartamAna haya, gayuMgujaryuM hoya ke bhAvi heya; najIkanuM hoya ke dUranuM hoya, manuSya-jAgrata manuSya-badhA vize sAcuM jANavA udyata rahe ja che. te mAtra kalpanAomAM aMtima saMtoSa meLavI nathI zakate. tema ja kharI hakIkata nathI jaNAtI ke te jANavI bAkI che teTalA mATe manuSya kalpanA karavAnuM kAma paNa cheDI zakatA nathI. te zarUAtamAM sAdhata ane zakti pramANe spaSTa-aspaSTa, sAcI-khoTI ane mizrita kapanAo karyuM ja jAya che, ane satyajijJAsAnA TekAthI kyAreka te satyanI koI bhUmikA upara ke tenI najIka pahoMce che. manuSya svabhAvanuM A

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hindI saMskRti ane ahiMsA [ 605 tava ahIM paNa lAgu karI kahevuM joIe ke kezAbIjIe pUrI sAdhano ane pUrI mAhitIne abhAve upalabdha sAdhana ane mAhitI pramANe bhUtakALa vize je je kalpanA karI che te badhIne akSarazaH satya ke akSarazaH asatya na mAnatAM te upara vicAra calAvavAnuM ane temAM sadhana karavAnuM kAma abhyAsI vAcakanuM che. kezAMbIjhanI badhI ja kalpanAo anyathAsiddha thAya teya emane khoTuM lAgavAnuM che ja nahi. enI pAchaLanuM satya hoya to te e ja che ke badhI vastuone vicAra khullA dilathI ane vahemamukta mAnasathI karatA zIkhavuM. A etihAsika daSTinuM rahasya che. e rahasya dhyAnamAM rAkhI veda ke tevAM bIjAM ati prAcIna dharmazAstrone vicAra thaze tiya lekhakanA prayatnanuM AMzika phaLa siddha thaze ja. kezAMbIjIe pote ja kahyuM che ke teo bAbileniyana sAhitya vize nathI jANatA. vaidika sAhitya temaNe kAma pUratuM vAMcyuM ane vicAryuM hoya, tema chatAM teo te sAhityanA mukhya abhyAsI te nathI ja, eTale prAcIna vaidika saMskRtine bAbiloniyana saMskRti sAthe temaNe je saMbaMdha gaThaLe che te hajI kalpanAne ja viSaya che, ane te vizenA abhyAsanuM hajI ApaNe tyAM te pagaraNa ja maMDAyuM che. vedane ane tene lagatA sAhityane IzvarIya ke apauruSeya mAnavAnI hajAre varSanI vArasAgata zraddhA kare mANasomAM rUDha thayelI che. enI viruddha khuda vedabhakto ane vedAbhimAnI vicArakavarganuM paNa dhyAna kheMcAvA lAgyuM che. lokamAnya tilaka jevAe paNa vedane atihAsika dRSTie ja jovAvicAravAnuM pasaMda kareluM, e A aitihAsika dRSTinI pratiSThAnuM ja pariNAma che. IzvarIya vANI ane apauruSeya vANuM tarIkenI vedanI mAnyatA A rIte osaravA lAgI che. tevI sthitimAM bane teTaluM cokasAIthI, paNa mokaLA manathI, vadane atihAsika abhyAsa thavA lAge te ethI vedanI pratiSThAmAM ghaTADe nahi paNa vadhAre ja thavAne che. sAyaNa vagerenAM je vedabhASyo ne bIjA evA prAcIna TIkApra che te badhAne pharI aticIvaTathI aitihAsika daSTie vicAravAnI anukULa taka AvI lAgI che. kazAMbIjhanI A bAbatanI kalpanAo mAtra ka95nAo ja haze teya keTaleka sthaLe temaNe pheMkele prakAza etihAsikone upayogI te thavAne ja. dA. ta. emaNe je sthaLe (pR. 59) vaMga, magadha ane vajajI e traNa prajAe zraddhAhIna thavAne artha kADhayo che te koI paNa vidvAna vAcakane sAyaNe karela artha karatAM vadhAre saMbaddha jaNAyA sivAya bhAgye ja rahevAne. kosAMbIoe vedanA maMtra, brAhmaNa, AraNyaka ane upaniSada vagere bhAgonA samaya vize je maryAdA

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606 ] darzana ane ciMtana sUcavI che te mane pitAne vyAjabI lAgatI nathI. vaidika sAhityamAM bhale keTalAka aMze meDanA hoya, paNa e sAhityamAM ghaNe bhAga apekSAkRta bahu ja jUne che, e vize mane zaMkA nathI. Indra eka svargIya deva che, te vedamaMtra ane vidhipUrvakanA yajJathI prasanna thaI varasAda varasAve che, pazu ane manuSyajAtinuM saMvardhana kare che vagere dhArmika mAnyatAo AjanA vaijJAnikayugIna vedabhakta manuSyanI buddhine saMtoSI zake tema nathI. jyAM lagI evI mAnyatAone buddhigamya etihAsika khulAse na thAya tyAM lagI evI mAnyatAone sahasA pheMkI zakAtI paNa nathI ane te buddhimAM khaTakyA sivAya rahetI paNa nathI. kezAM bIjIe indra vize deDAvela kalpanA-taraMge kalpanAmAM ja rahe teya paNa tevA bIjA khulAsAe indra Adi deva vize karavAnA bAkI rahe che. AvA khulAsAe karavAnI ke te dizAmAM prayatna jAgarita karavAnI vRtti vAcakemAM kosAMbIjInuM lakhANa janmAve te emane prayatna niSphaLa nahi gaNAya. kezAbIe A pustakamAM che ane jeTalI hakIkata ekaThI karI che, jeTalA vividha utArAo ApyA che ane te badhAne pitAnI vinadaka ane mane raMjaka zailIthI, chatAMya kaDaka samAcanA sAthe, je rIte goThavyA che te badhuM abhyAsI vAcakane A paNa che ane cIDave paNa che. brAhmaNupakSIya vAcaka hoya ke jaina yA baudvapakSIya vAcaka haya, te je jijJAsu haze te A pustaka vAMcatAM vAMcatAM game teTale repa pragaTa karate jaze chatAMya te pustaka pUruM vAMcyA sivAya cheDaze nahi. evI rIte emAM nava nava viSayonI bharacaka pUravaNI lekhake karI che, ane TIkAne kaI paNa prasaMga AvatAM te sthaLe taddana nIDarapaNe sIdhe prahAra paNa karyo che. pratipAdya vitha saMpradAya sAthe saMbaMdha dharAvatA hoI ane saMpradAya dharmarUpe sAmAnya janatAnA manamAM sthAna pAmela hoI te vize jyAre khaMDanAtmaka samAlocanA jovAmAM Ave che tyAre asAMpradAyika jevuM mAnasa paNa kSaNabhara uzkerAI jAya te svAbhAvika che. kezAbIjIe pitAnI sakhata TIkAnAM tINA bANe mAtra brAhmaNavarga upara ja nathI calAvyA, temaNe jaina ane bauddha zramaNane paNa pitAnAM e bANune lakSya banAvyA che. e sAmAnya tatva jotAM kezAbIjInI prakRtinuM eka viziSTa tattva vAcakanA mana upara Ave che ane te e ke teone svabhAva mukhyapaNe khaMDanazelI pradhAna agara TIkApradhAna che. Ama hovA chatAM temaNe ekatra karela ane vilakSaNa rIte manaraMjakatApUrvaka gehavela hakIkato ane bIjI bAbata vAcakane uttarottara jijJAsAvRddhi sAthe koI

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hindI saMskRti ane ahiMsA [ 607 navA ja pradezamAM laI jAya che. A vAte indra, brahmA, mahAdeva, liMgapUjA, vAsudeva AdinI carcAvALAM prakaraNo udAharaNarUpa sUcavavA basa che. indra vize temaNe je mAhitI ekaThI karI che ke tene je rIte goThavI che, brahmA hiMsaka maTI ahiMsaka deva kema che e vize je hakIkato mUkI che, mahAdevanuM mULa zuM ? te asalamAM koNa hato ? liMga jevI bIbhatsa pUjA AryomAM kayAMthI ane kema AvI ? devakIputra vAsudeva mULamAM kone deva hatA, ityAdi vize je lakhyuM che te kaIne gaLe Utare ke nahi, koIne ce ke nahi, tema chatAM e carcAo navanavI hakIkata, navanavI kalpanA ane zilIne kAraNe eka nava prakAranI navalakathA jevI banI gaI che. madhyayugamAM haribhadra ane amitagati jevA jaina lekhakee sAMpradAyika badalA tarIke purANe ane paurANika devanI TIkA karelI, te karatAM kosAMbInI TIkA atihAsika daSTinA Azrayane lIdhe judI paDI che. tema chatAM kezAMbIjIe karelI kalpanAo ane joDela pUvapara saMbaMdhe vidAmAM grAhya thavA vize zaMkA rahe che. AkhA pustakamAM brAhmaNa ane bauddha sAhityane jeTalA pramANamAM sparzAvyuM che tema ja brAhmaNa ane bauddha paraMparA vize anukULa ke pratikULa jeTaluM kahevAyuM che tenA pramANamAM jaina sAhitya ane jaina paraMparAne sparza sakAraNa ja bahu ocho che. tema chatAM kazAMbIjIne bhagavAna pArzvanAtha pratye, ahiMsAnA prathama ane prabaLa sthApaka tarIke, ati Adara jovAmAM Ave che. kezAbIjI ghera aMgIrasa ane bAvIsamAM jaina tIrthaMkara neminAthanA ekIkaraNanI kalpanA kare che, paNa te mAtra kalpanA ja haivAne saMbhava che. bhagavAna pArzvanAthanI ahiMsAne teo mAtra niSedhAtmaka ane buddhanA ahiMsAnA upadezane vidhAyaka paNa kahe che, te mane barAbara lAgatuM nathI. pArzvanAthanA caturyAme trividha trividha hatAM, ane emAM jaina paribhASA pramANe samiti-satravRttinuM tattva paNa hatuM. vaLI temane eka viziSTa saMdha hovAnuM kezAMbIjI pote paNa kabUle che. Akho tyAgI saMdha mAtra niSkriya rUpe besI rahe ne kAMI vidhAyaka kArya kare ja nahi te hiMsApradhAna yajJonI saMsthAne kevI rIte janatAmAMthI khaseDI ke nabaLI karI zake ? e judI vAta che ke pArtha ane temanA saMdhane vidhAyaka kAryakrama ke hato te jANavAnuM spaSTa sAdhana nathI. temaNe pArzvanI paraMparA vize mAtra dehadamana pUratA tapanuM vidhAna karyuM che te te asaMgata lAge che. bauddha paraMparA karatAM jaina paraMparAmAM dehadamana upara vadhAre bhAra apAyo che e vize zaMkA nathI, paNa sAmAnya lokonAM manamAM evI chApa che ke jaina bhikSuke mAtra dehadamanane ja

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608 ] darzana ane ciMtana taSa kahe che te taddana bhrAMti che. bhagavAna mahAvIra kaThora tapane kAraNe ja dIrdha tapasvI kahevAyA, paNa e koI e bhUlavuM na joIe ke emanA tapamAM dehadamana e te mAtra sAdhana tarIke ja hatuM. temanuM mukhya ane sAdhya tapa to dhyAna, cittazuddhi Adi AvyaMtara tapa ja hatuM. bhagavAna mahAvIranA AkhA jIvanano jheka AvyaMtara tapa, mAnasika tapa ke AdhyAtmika tapa tarapha ja hato. bAhya tapanI kiMmata emane mana AtyaMtara tapamAM upayogI thavA pUratI ja hatI. kevaLa dehadamana jevA bAhya tapane te emaNe virodha karelo, te bhagavatI jevA prAmANika granthamAM dekhAya che. tethI siddha thAya che ke mahAvIranI tapasyA mukhyatve AtmazuddhilakSI hatI, jene jene AtyaMtara tapa kahe che. have je pArzvanI paraMparAmAM mAtra dehadamana ke bAhya tapane ja sthAna hota ane bhagavAna mahAvIre emAM sudhAro karI pAchaLathI AvyaMtara tapane sthAna ApyuM hota te jaina zAstromAM e sudhArAnI noMdha jarUra hota; kAraNa, pArzvanI paraMparAmAM pracalita cAturyAmanA sthAnamAM paMcayAmanI ane bIjI nitya pratikramaNa jevI sAmAnya bAbatonI mahAvIre je sudhAraNa karI tenI dha ati Adara ane ati kALajIpUrvaka je jaina paraMparA Aja sudhI rakhAtI AvI che te pArzvanI paraMparAnA mAtra dehadamana pUratA tapamAM mahAvIre sudhAre karyAnI vAta jaino kadI bhUlata ja nahi. bhagavAna mahAvIra pahelAM jaina paraMparAmAM pUrva zratanA astitvanI ane karmatattva vize kAMIka viziSTa sAhitya hovAnI sAbitI maLe che, je pArzvanA saMdhanI mAtra niSkiyatAnI viruddha purAvo che. liMgapUjAnAM mULa ane tenA pracAramAM jaina zramaNono paNa kAMIka hise hevAnI kauzAMbIjInI kalpanA che. mane e barAbara lAgatuM nathI. jaina paraMparAmAM samaye samaye zithilAcAra dAkhala thayAnA purAvAo maLe che, paNa liMga jevI bIbhatsa ane khullI anAcArapradhAna paddhatimAM kyAre paNa e ghasaDAyA hoya ema jaNAtuM nathI. UlaTuM, ghaNe sthaLe prAcIna. granthamAM jaina lekAe mahAdeva ane liMgapUjAne prabaLa parihAsa karyo che. ' kezabAjI pratye pUro Adara hovA chatAM samagra bhAve pustakanI zailI. vize je chApa paDe che te jaNAvI devI yogya che. mArA upara ekabe vAra pustaka vAcanathI je chApa paDI tenI ekasAI karavA meM be-cAra asAMpradAyika mAnasavALA ane pUrA keLavAyela, ke jemaNe A pustaka vAMcyuM hatuM agara mArA kahevAthI vAMcyuM, temanI sAthe carcA karI. e bAbatamAM saune abhiprAya eka ja prakArane jaNA ke kezAM bIjIe bhale udAra mana ane

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hindI saskRti ane ahiMsA [ 69 asAMpradAyika bhAve lakhavA kaMchyu hoya, chatAM tenuM vAcana UlaTI ja asara kare che. kAI paNa vAcaka upara e chApa paDavI lagabhaga anivAya che ke lekhaka mukhyapaNe brAhmavarga ane brAhmaNa saMskRtine ja kaDakamAM kaDaka vidhI che. vAcakane aneka vAra manamAM ema thaI Ave che ke je brAhmaNavargo upara ane je brAhmaNu jAti upara lekhake ATalA badhA humalA karyAM che te vaga ane te jAtimAM sAtvika prakRtivALA, udAtta cAritravALA ane samasta janatAnuM bhaluM IcchanArA tema ja te mATe kAMIka karanArA kAI mahApuruSo ke te thayA ja nathI zuM ? jo bauddha sAhityamAMthI saMkhyAbaMdha avataraNa sadguNa ane ucca bhAvanAnA peASaka meLavI zakAya to khaMDanIya brAhmaNa sAhityamAM zuM ene cheka ja abhAva che? brAhmaNa sAhitya bauddha sAhitya karatAM pramANamAM ativizALa che. emAM rAjamU ane tAmasa a'ze hAya e svAbhAvika che, kAraNa e sAhitya jUnA vakhatathI cAlu thayelu ane samagra prakAranI janaprakRtine uddezI racAyeluM che, jyAre bauddha ane jaina sAhitya tA brAhmaNa sAhityanA eka sudhArArUpe hAI mAtra sAttvika prakRtine uddezI lakhAyeluM che; ane tema chatAMya temAM AgaLa jatAM sAdhAraNa jatasvabhAvanA rAjama tAmasa ! thoDA paNa AvI gayA che. evI sthitimAM brAhmaNa sAhityamAMthI sAttvika prakRtivALA bhAgane cheka ja sparzI sivAya rAjasa ke tAmasa jevA bhAganI TIkA karavI te kaiAzAthIjI jevAnI lekhinIne pUruM zobhatuM nathI. kAzAMkhIjI satsaMgati jevA keTalAka sAttvika guNe vize lakhatAM jyAre ema lakhe che ke e guNo rAmAnaMda jevA satemAM ke vArakarIpathanA tyAgIomAM dekhAyA te te! bauddha jAhojalAlInA samaya daramiyAna prajAmAM UtarI gayela e sadguNAnI UMDI asaranuM pariNAma ja hatuM, purANu ane tenA puraskartA brAhmaNoe tA evA sadguNo bhUMsavA khUba prayatna karyAM, paNa auddha upadezane prabhAve prajAmAM A~DA UtarI gayela e guNA cheka bhUMsAyaTa nahi ane kALa jatAM kayAreka brAhmaNapathIya satAmAM e pragaTyA, tyAre tA kAAMkhIjInA vidhAnanI asaMgatinI hada vAcakanA mana upara akAI jAya che. jo kAzAMbIjI dhArata to mahAbhArata, rAmAyaNa ane aneka purANemAMthI tema ja nIti, AcAra ane tattvajJAna viSayaka aneka brAhmaNa granthAmAMthI satsaMgati ane tenA jevA bIjA aneka sadguNanA samayaka bhAge bauddha sAhityanA avataraNanI peThe ja utArI zakata. emAM jarAya zaka nathI ke mahAbhArata ane purANa Adi brAhmaNa sAhityamAMthI temaNe gAMdhArInA putrAnI tema ja agnie khAMDava vana khAlyAnI je asaMgata vAte te sAhityanI 38

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210 ] darzana ane ciMtA asaMbaddhatA batAvavA rajU karI che te ja vakhate brAhmaNa sAhityanA bhaktane paNa Aje asaMgata ja lAgavAnI. paNa kezabIjhanuM kartavya AthI kAMIka vadhAre hatuM ane te mArI daSTie e hatuM ke temaNe brAhmaNa sAhityamAMthI sArA ane sAtvika bhAgo paNa tAravI dekhADavA joItA hatA. pAchaLathI bauddha sAhityamAM keTalIye asaMbaddhatA dAkhala thaI chatAM jema temane mULa piTakamAMthI sarasa bhAga maLI AvyA tema evA sarasa bhAgene eka moTA khajAna brAhmaNa sAhityamAM paNa temanI najare caData. khuda ekalA mahAbhAratamAM ahiMsA, satya, atrI, satsaMgati Adi sazu upara bIjA koI zAstrathI na Utare evuM hadayagrAhI varNana che. vaLI jenI TIkA karavAnI hoya tenA guNe te vadhAremAM vadhAre sAvadhAnIthI jovA ne donI paNa sakhata TIkA karavI e mArI samaja mujaba ahiMsaka rIta che. evI sthiti chatAM brAhmaNa varganI TIkA karatAM kezAbIjanI zailI vAcaka upara evI chApa pADe che ke jANe te brAhmaNavarga ane brAhmaNa jAtine kaTTA virodhI hoya-je ke ane bIjA jANIe che ke kozIjI pote ja mULamAM brAhANa che ne temanA manamAM evo deza che ja nahi. bhagavadgItA vize kazAMbIjI jyAre lakhe che tyAre temanI kalpanAcAturI ane kAvyazakti vize mAna UpajyA vinA rahetuM nathI. e chatAMya kezAM bIjI gItA viruddha kahe che, te jarAya gaLe UtaratuM nathI. gItAmAM je kAMI suMdara ane sAtvika bhAga che te bauddha paraMparAne prabhAva che, tema ja gItAnI racanAnA samaya vize temaNe bAMdhela kalpanAone pula e badhuM tarkathI vegaLuM lAge che. ema te haraDeI mANasa pitAnA mAnItA ne priya saMpradAya ke sAhitya vize ema kahI zake ke enI ja chApa bIjA saMpradAya ne bIjA sAhitya upara che. jaina leke paNa e ja rIte gItAnI bAbatamAM potAnI kalpanA deDAvI kahI zake ke temAM pratipAdelI ahiMsA, bhUtadayA ane bIjA sAttvika guNe e te jaina asarane lIdhe che. kharI rIte gItAmAM je gaurava ane je gAMbhIrya che te mAtra koI eka kavi ke vidvAna anubhava sivAya ANI zake nahi. vaLI kezAM bIjIe gItAnuM sthAna AMkatAM je sArAnarasA bhAganuM pRthakkaraNuM karI emAM maulikatAne abhAva batAvyo che te te tarkanI daSTie upahAsanIya lAge che. jema bhadaMta nAgasene rAjA milinda sAme eka rathane dAkhalo laI pRthakkaraNa karatAM batAvyuM ke paiDAM, surA, dharI Adi avayava sivAya ratha jevI koI eka vastu nathI, e ja rIte e avaya paNa paramANu-paMjasivAya bIjuM kAMI nathI, matalaba ke chevaTe eka eka aMzane alaga alaga tapAsatAM samUha ke akhaMDa saundarya jevI vastu ja nathI rahetI. te ja pramANe kosAMbIjI bArIka

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hindI saMskRti ane ahiMsA [ 611 pRthakkaraNa karI gItAnA eka eka bhAgane chUTo pADI tenuM akhaMDatva ane sAmUhika saundarya jevA viruddha dalIla kare to e ja take bhagavAna buddhanA pratyeka upadezamAM lAgu pADatAM temAM maulikatva jevuM zuM batAvI zakAya? Arya-aSTagika mArga le, te enA ekaeka kTA kTA aMze prathamathI ja prajAjIvanamAM ane zAstropadezomAM hatA ema kahI zakAya. cAra Arya satya paNa navAM to nathI ja. je evI dalIla karavAmAM Ave ke prathamathI ke samAna kALamAM e tara hovA chatAM budde pitAnI Dhabe jIvanamAM e to. pacAvI leke pogI thAya evI rIte ene upadeza karyo e ja buddhanuM vaiziSTa, te gItAnI bAbatamAM paNa ema kAM na kahI zakAya? ahiMsA ane hiMsA e be virodhI tattvo meLa emAM kevI rIte bese e prazna khare, paNa enuM samAdhAna te brAhmaNa sAhityanI sarvaprakRtimUlaka autsargikatAmAM che, ema mane lAge che. eTale ke guNakarmamUlaka varNa dharma e brAhmaNa dharmanuM eka mahatvanuM aMga raheluM che. zastrayuddha e kSatriyavargane eka dharma manAte Avyo che. ajJAna, svArtha Adi aneka devone kAraNe e dharmanAM hAnikAraka pariNAmo paNa itihAsamAM jodhAyAM che e vAta kharI, chatAM zAstrayuddha sivAya aneka prasaMgoe kauTuMbika, sAmAjika ke rASTrIya rakSaNa kadI paNa koIe zakaya siddha karyuM nathI. khuda bauddha ane jaina rAjyakartAoe, ahiMsAne AtyaMtika pakSapAta dharAvavA chatAM paNa, samULage zastratyAga karI kauTuMbika sAmAjika ane rASTrIya rakSaNa padArthapATha samabhAve zIkhavyo nathI. ahiMsAne udAtta dharma mAnanAra jaina ane bauddha paraMparAnA anugAmI rAjyakartAoe ahiMsA dvArA vyApaka rIte samAjarakSaNane dakhale besADyo na hoya ne temaNe pite paNa rAjyarakSaNamAM zasmayuddhano Azraya lIdho hoya, evI sthitimAM varNana dharma tarIke zastrayuddhane Azraya lenAra brAhmaNa paraMparA, eka athavA bIje kAraNe enAM aniSTa pariNAme AvyA che eTalA ja kAraNasara, dharmaparamukha che ema te na kahI zakAya. samAja ane rASTrarakSaNane ahiMsA dvArA koyaDA ukelavAno vyApaka prayoga to A cAlu zatAbdImAM mahAtmAjIe Adaryo che ane te game teTale Adarza hoya topaNa hajI pUrNa rIte siddha thavAne bAkI che. eTale atyAranI ahiMsApradhAna yuddhanI dRSTie zastrayuddhanI aitihAsika paraMparAnuM nirarthakapaNuM batAvI zakAya nahi. gItA e te brAhmaNadharmanI suniyata ane buddhisiddha atihAsika varNavyavasthAnuM pratipAdana kare che, eTale temAM siddha thayela tema ja vikAsane avakAza heya evA badhA varNana dharmone sthAna che. tethI prAcIna zastrayuddhanI kSatriya dharmanI paraMparA emAM

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612]. darzana ane ciMtana AlekhAya ane sAthe sAthe tyAra lagImAM udAra dharma tarIke samajAyela ane aMzataH vyaktigatapaNe AcarAyela AdhyAtmika ahiMsA paNa AlekhAya, emAMya kazo virodha mane dekhAto nathI. ApaNe spaSTa joIe chIe ke jyAre gAMdhIjI ahiMsAnA udAtta tatvanA vyApaka upayoganI zakyatA pitAnA prayogathI karI batAvavA prayatna kare che tyAre teo e ja gItAne sarvazreSTha pustaka mAnavA chatAM temAMnI zastrayuhanI paraMparAne sarSanI kAMcaLInI peThe pheMkI devA. jevI lekhI tenA para jarAye bhAra na ApatAM gItAmAMthI ja sarva rIte ahiMsA phalita kare che. mane lAge che ke asala vAta te guNadaSTi ane bhaktinI ja che. gAMdhIjIe e dRSTithI gItAne avalaMbI pitAne puruSArtha siddha karyAnuM udAharaNa ApaNI sAme ja che. dhammapada ane uttarAdhyayana jevA mAtra ahiMsA pratipAdaka granthone paNa vArtha ane bhoganI daSTie bauddha tema ja jaina bhikSake jyAM upayoga nathI karatA ? ahiMsA, prajJA, mitrI Adi sAtvika guNono pakSapAta e ja kezabIjInuM mukhya baLa che, evI mArI dhAraNAne lIdhe ja meM TIkA karavAmAM temaNe akhatyAra karavA joItA valaNa vize sUcana karyuM che. bAkI kyAreka jevAnA pratye tevA" thavAnI aparizodhita vAsanA mArA manamAM udaya pAme che tyAre sI. vI. vaidya ke DaoNkaTara muMje jevAne muMhatoDa uttara ApavA kezAbIjanI samartha lekhinI yAda AvI jAya che. 1936nA comAsAmAM paMDita madanamohana mAlavIyanA pramukhapade hindu yunivarsiTImAM pahelI vAra ja mujene sAMbhaLavAnI taka maLI. temanA AkhA bhASaNano dhvani eka ja hato ane te eka hindustAnamAM hinduone paDatI mAtra ahiMsA ane bauddha dharmane lIdhe ja thayelI che. AvA matalabanA khANa ane bhANa karanAra kAMI mAtra muje ja nathI, paNa vidvAna ane prophesara kahevAtA aneka mANasa jyAMtyAM AvA pralApa kare che. mujene sAMbhaLatI vakhate manamAM aneka prazna udbhavyA. temAMthI pahele prazna e hato ke je A vakhate DaoN. dhruva je pramukha heta te e viSapracArano kAMIka pratikAra karata. bIjo prazna manamAM e thayo ke muMje jyAre ahiMsAne ja hinduonI paDatInuM kAraNa mAnI bauddhone vagove che tyAre temanI sAme bauddho to kaI che nahi ane ahiMsAnA prabaLa samarthaka jene temanI sAme chatAM temane khullI rIte kAM nahi vagevatA hoya ? A praznano uttara te te ja vakhate manamAM maLI gayuM. te sAcuM hoya ke khoTA e kahI na zakuM, paNa uttara e kuM ke hindu mahAsabhAnA muMje jevA sUtradhAre dezamAM jyAMtyAM thoDo paNa meM dharAvanAra jene pAsethI Arthika

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hindI saMskRti ane ahiMsA [ 613 ane bIjI aneka prakAranI madada meLavavAnI lAlacathI ja jenone khullaMkhulA cIDavatAM Dare che. tevA bauddho A dezamAM nathI ane kyAMIka hoya tema hindu mahAsabhAne Arthika ane bIjI madada jene peThe karavAnI AzA nathI. tethI ja muMje ahiMsA ane baddhonuM nAma laI musalamAna vagere paradezI jAtiothI thayela hiMdu parAjayano roSa ahiMsA pratye ThAlave che. e ja vakhate manamAM ema paNa thaI AvyuM ke kezAbIjI ghaNuM vAra brAhmaNavarga ane brAhmaNa saMskRti upara puNyaprakopa ThAlave che te muje jevA matAdhi ane mithyA abhimAnI vAte yogya badale haze zuM? chevaTe kosAMbIjIe gAMdhIjInA valaNa vize TIkA karatAM je kahyuM che te bAbata kAMIka kahevuM prApta thAya che. gAMdhIjI jamInadArane janatA pAlaka thavAnuM ane rAjAone rAmarAjya karavAnuM kahe che. gAMdhIjInA janatA pAlaka ane rAmarAjya e be zabdane artha ke have joIe ne gAMdhIjInA mukhamAM ke zobhe tene khulAse kezabAjIe kareluM che. gAMdhIjInA prathamathI Aja lagInAM lakhANo dhyAnapUrvaka sAMbhaLI levAnI mArI vRti rahI che. kAzIjIe ukta be zabdone artha je prakArane gAMdhIjInA mukhamAM bhavAnI vAta kahI che te ja prakAranA arthavALo khulAso to gAMdhIjInAM lakhANamAM jenArane aneka sthaLe maLI Ave tema che. gAMdhIjImAM prajJAnI UNapa hovAnI vAta te, huM dhAruM chuM, bhAgye ja keAI svIkAraze. satya ane tajajanya prajJA gAMdhIjImAM sahaja che. e na heta te temanAmAM ahiMsA ja na hota, ane heta teya te ahiMsA jagatanuM dhyAna na kheMcata, vizvavyApI asara pedA na karata. e svataHsiddha prajJA sAme bIjI kahevAtI prajJAo kevI hataprabha thaI jAya che e te gAMdhIjInA jIvanane hareka abhyAsI joI zakaze. kezabo pratyenA bahumAnane lIdhe ane temanA udAra nikhAlasapaNuM pratyenA vizvAsane lIdhe meM keTaleka sthaLe temanA lakhANa viruddha mAruM mantavya nisaMkoca jaNAvyuM che, chatAM ethI A pustakanI kiMmatamAM ke upayogitAmAM jarAya dhaTADe thatuM nathI. kezAbIjIe A pustaka lakhI vidvAno ane saMzodhake sAme eTalo badho moTo vicAra ane dRSTibinduone prajAne khullo mUkyo che ke virodhI pakSanA sAcA abhyAsIo paNuM e badala temane AbhAra kadI bhUlaze nahi. aMdhazraddhA ane bIkaNavRttine lIdhe ghaNuM vahemo jAherAtamAM AvatA ja nathI. mitramaMDaLamAM khAnagI rIte thanAra carcAo jevI chUTa ane nirbhayatAthI thAya che te carcAo ghaNIvAra agatyanI hevA chatAM

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64 ] darzana ane ciMtana tene lekasamakSa mUkatAM vidvAna lekhake sudhdhAM kare che, saMkecAya che. je vastu huM. manamAM vicArato heluM', mitrone kahete haiuM ne jenA pratye mAruM viziSTa vilaNa hoya te ja vastu huM je samabhAve lekasamakSa vicAra arthe na mUkuM to vicAranI pragatizIla dhArAo udayamAM ja na Ave. kezAbIjI evA DarathI para che. eka vAra temane je satya lAgyuM te pachI teo kahI ja de che. A kAMI deSa ja che ema na kahI zakAya. tethI emaNe pitAnAM maMtavya je chUTathI carcA che, tathA pitAnA avakana ane kalpanAbaLane upayoga karI potAnA kathananuM je samarthana karyuM che te punaH vicAravA vAste saune mATe khulluM che. vicArakane vicAra ane ciMtananI, lekhakane lakhavAnI ane zaidhakane saMzodhananI ghaNuM sAmagrI pUrI pADavA badala guNa to kezAbIjInA samartha zramanA AbhArI ja rahevuM joIe. - kAzIbIja A pustaka marAThImAM lakhI rahyA hatA te ja vakhate e nirNaya meM sAMbhaLela ke AnuM hindI bhASAntara prathama ja ane jaladI pragaTa thaze. te vakhate mane saMdeha te thayele ke kAzI jevA sanAtana rUDhinA kilAmAM vasatA udAratA prakAzako paNa AvuM bhASAntara jaladI ane prathama pragaTa kare te eTalI vAta sAbita thaze ke e killAmAM have gAbaDAM paDavA lAgyAM che. keNa jANe kaye kAraNe hajI hindI bhASAntara prasiddha thayuM nathI. marAThI uparathI hindI lakhAyuM che ke nahi te paNa ajJAta che, paraMtu khuzInI vAta che ke gujarAtI bhASAnAra prathama ja prasiddha thAya che. gujarAtanI vyApArI prakRtisulabha udAratA, sAhasavRtti ane rUDhidAsatvanI mukti A prakAzanathI siddha thAya che. zrIyuta jIvaNalAle A gUjarAtI bhASAntara pragaTa karI gUjarAtI sAhityamAM eka navI bhAtanA kImatI ane bhAgye ja bIjAthI lakhAya evA pustakanuM umeraNa karI gujarAtI vAcakavarga upara upakAra karyo che.