Bharatiya Darshanoma Parinamvad

Author(s): Vasant Parikh
Publisher: L D Indology Ahmedabad
Catalog link: https://jainqq.org/explore/032748/1

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ouzdka Belavi ulement bhAratIya darzanomAM pariNAmavAda (sAMkhyayoga-nyAyavaizeSika-bauddha-jaina-kevalAdvaita vedAntadarzana) L.D. Series : 152 General Editor: Jitendra B. Shah Vasant Parikh bhAratI DadyAmAda L. D. INSTITUTE OF INDOLOGY AHMEDABAD 380 009

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lAlabhAI dalapatabhAIbhAratIya saMskRti graMthamALA: 15ra bhAratIya darzanomAM pariNAmavAda (sAMkhyayoga-nyAyavaizeSika-bauddha-jaina-kevalAdvaita vedAntadarzana) lekhaka vasaMta parIkha lAlabhAI dalapatabhAI bhAratIya saMskRti vidyAmaMdira amadAvAda 380 009 2012

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Bharatiya Darsanoma Parinamavada Vasant Parikh General Editor J. B. Shah Published by Dr. J. B. Shah Director L. D. Institute of Indology Ahmedabad 380 009 (India) Phone : (079) 26302463 Fax: 26307326 Idindology@gmail.com (c) L. D. Institute of Indology First Edition : 2012 Copies : 500 Price : Rs. 175.00 ISBN 81-85857-37-7 Printed by Sarvodaya Offset 13, Gajanand Estate, Idgah, Ahmedabad 380 004

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bhAratIya darzanomAM pariNAmavAda (sAMkhyayoga-nyAyavaizeSika-bauddha-jaina-kevalAdvaita vedAntadarzana) - vasaMta parIkha purA yatra srotaH pulinamadhunA tatra saritAM / viparyAsaM yAto ghanaviralabhAvaH kSitiruhAm / bahordRSTaM kAlAdaparamiva manye vanamidaM / nivezaH zailAnAM tadidamiti buddhiM draDhayati // - bhavabhUti, uttararAmacaritam, 2-27 pahelAM jyAM nadIono pravAha hato tyAM atyAre retALa kinAro vistarIne paDyo che. je gheghUra vRkSo hatA ane je AcherA choDa vagere hatA, temanI sthiti paNa ulaTasUlaTa thaI gaI che. lAMbA samaya pachI joyeluM A vana jANe ke sAva badalAI gayuM hoya tema lAge che, paraMtu parvatonI saMsthiti A e ja vana che tevI buddhine daDha kare che.

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prakAzakIya sane 2010mAM prA.zrI vasaMtabhAI parIkhane AgamaprabhAkara pU. munizrI puNyavijayajI smRti vyAkhyAnamALAmAM traNa vyAkhyAna ApavA mATe AmaMtrita karavAmAM AvyA hatA. teozrIe bhAratIya darzanomAM pariNAmavAda e viSaya upara vidvattApUrNa traNa pravacano ApyAM hatAM. A pravacanomAM sAMkhyayoga, nyAya-vaizeSika, jaina, bauddha, kevalAdvaita vedAntadarzananA pariNAmavAdanI vizada carcA karI hatI. A pravacano jijJAsuone upayogI thAya te mATe graMtha svarUpe pragaTa karavAnI saMsthAnI paraMparAnI vAta vyAkhyAnakartA samakSa mUkI hatI. teozrIe amArI vAtane saharSa vadhAvI lIdhI hatI, uparAMta pariziSTa rUpe pAzcAtya darzanamAM pariNamana-vicAra lekha mokalI Apyo hato. te paNa ahIM samAviSTa karavAmAM Avyo che. A mATe ame prA.vasaMtabhAI parIkhano AbhAra mAnIe chIe. prastuta graMtha darzanazAstranA abhyAsune upayogI thaze tevI amane zraddhA che. prakAzanakAryamAM sahayoga karanAra tamAmano huM AbhAra mAnuM chuM. 2012, amadAvAda - jitendra bI. zAha

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prAstAvika zrI lAlabhAI dalapatabhAI bhAratIya saMskRti vidyAmaMdira-amadAvAdamAM AgamaprabhAkara pU.munizrI puNyavijayajI smRti vyAkhyAnamALAmAMnA upakrame bhAratIya darzanomAM pariNAmavAda' - e viSaya para traNa pravacano ApavAno avasara ApavA mATe tathA e pravacanonuM pustakarUpe prakAzana paNa karavA badala A saMsthAnA niyAmaka AdaraNIyazrI jitendra zAhano huM hRdayapUrvaka AbhAra mAnuM chuM. A bahu AyAmI ane vaividhyasabhara vizvanA pratipaLe palaTAtA dRzyanI ramaNAmAM sAmAnyajanathI mAMDIne vidvajano sudhInA sahu koI bhAvukane sadAya rasa rahyo che. A AzcaryathI bharyA bharyA rahasyanA mULa sudhI pahoMcavAnA sanniSTha prayAso vijJAnIo, dArzaniko ane kavioe potapotAnI rIte karyA ja che. temAMthI keTalAMka bhAratIya darzanomAM A viSe je vicAraNA thaI che, tenuM yathAmati Akalana karavAno A eka namra prayatna che. mukhya viSayane kendramAM rAkhIne paNa emAM upayogI thAya evA je te darzananA keTalAka anya pAsAone paNa sparyA che, Ama chatAM viSayano ahIM talasparzI abhyAsa thaI zakyo nathI. vidvAnone AmAM ghaNI kaDIo khUTatI lAge tevI pUrI zakyatA che. te mATe e sahunI kSamA prArtha chuM. eka rasika viSayanI kevaLa jhAMkhI paNa jo thaI zakI hoya to paNa mAro A upakrama lekhe lAgyo che, evI kRtArthatA pAmI zakIza. A pravacano mATe satata preraNA ApanAra sanmitra pro.kAnajI paTelano paNa AbhArI chuM. - vasaMta parIkha

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anukramaNikA bhUmikA 1. sAMkhyadarzana 2. nyAyavaizeSika, bauddha ane jainadarzano 3. bauddhadarzana 4. jainadarzana 5. kevalAdvaita vedAntadarzana 6. madhuparka 7. pariziSTa

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bhUmikA bhAratIya darzanazAstra mAnava cittane satAvatA keTalAka mULabhUta praznone ukelavAnA sanniSTha prayAso karyA che. eno AraMbha to sAmAnya buddhine jaNAtA jagata ane tenA padArthothI ja karyo che. ApaNane ApaNI sAme ane AsapAsa phelAeluM A jagata dekhAya che ane A vividha raMge vistarI raheluM vizva enA apAra vaividhyathI ApaNane Azcarya paNa pamADe che. tenI sAtheno saMparka ApaNane sukha-duHkha, moha vagere bhAvono anubhava karAve che ane sAmAnya mAnavI e jema che tema svIkArIne jIvana jIvato hoya che. paraMtu jIvAtA jIvananI koI kSaNe jayAre ATalAthI saMtoSa na pAmatA A jagatarUpI dazyanA svarUpa viSe manuSyane jijJAsA thAya che ane kevaLa sapATI para ja rAcavAnA badale UMDo utarI manana karavA pravRtta thAya che; tyAre teno darzanamAM praveza thAya che. tene prazno thavA lAge che. kharekhara A vizvanuM svarUpa kevuM che? te zAthI sarjAyuM haze ? temAM susaMvAda che ke visaMvAda? vaLI A dazya to mane dekhAya che, tethI huM teno daSTA chuM. paNa huM eTale koNa ? A vizvano ja eka bhAga chuM ke tethI judo chuM ! ane daSTA ane dazya vacce zo saMbaMdha che ? zuM A dekhAya che te dazya kharekhara che ke kevaLa daSTAnuM prakSepaNa che ! to jema A bAhya jagatamAM aneka padAtho, ghaTanAo, virodhAbhAso, utpatti ane vinAzanA Avartano pratIta thAya che, tema mAnava cittamAM paNa vicAra, kalpanA, saMdeha vagerethI bhareluM koI anya jagata paNa spaMdita thatuM hoya tema nathI lAgatuM ? jevuM peluM bAhya jagata AzcaryakAraka dazya che, tevuM ja Azcarya mugdha karatuM A AMtara jagata paNa nathI lAgatuM ! A uparAMta utpanna thatA, kizcid sthira jaNAtA, vikasatA, parivartana pAmatA, ghasAro pAmatA ane aMte nAza pAmatA zarIranA, janma-mRtyu ane sukha-duHkha viSenA mULa sudhI javAnA aneka prazno tene gherI vaLe che.

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bhAratIya darzanomAM pariNAmavAda to kyAreka A sarva prapaMcamAMthI chUTavAnuM ane te paNa saMpUrNa rIte mukta thavAnuM eTale ke mokSa pAmavAnuM mana paNa thaI Ave che. paraMtu temAM paNa mokSa eTale zuM? ane te paNa kono? kevI rIte? AvA prazno to pAchA ubhA ja che. - A praznonA uttaranI zodha adyApi cAlu ja che. e aMge thayelI gahana-sUkSma ane AyAsapUrNa vicAraNAnA sImAsthaMbho vividha darzano rUpe ApaNane prApta thAya che. bhAratamAM to bahu pahelethI AvA darzanono AraMbha thaI cUkyo hato ane temano vikAsa thato rahyo hato. zodha paddhati, tarka, anubhava ane abhigamanA bhedathI A darzanonA vividha gRhIto ane siddhAMto paNa hoya te svAbhAvika che. bhAratIya darzanonA Ama ekathI vizeSa pravAho pota-potAnI nizcita taTasImAmAM baMdhAyA ane emane e rIte nizcita nAmothI oLakhavAmAM AvyA. A darzanonI saMkhyA Ama to 12, 15 ke 19 jeTalI mAnavAmAM Ave che.' ApaNe joyuM tema darzanano AraMbha to sAmAnya rIte dazyanI parIkSAthI thAya che ane dazya jagatamAM je vaividhya vagere che, te temAM cAlatA parivartanane kAraNe hoya ema paNa jaNAI Ave che. prathama dRSTie to jagatanA anekavidha padArthonA rUpa-raMga-AkAra vagere badalAtA hoya tema dekhAya che. vaLI koI eka ke aneka tattvo rUpAMtara pAmatA hoya, ekanA sthAne bIjuM ja tattva Akarita thatuM hoya ema paNa dekhAya che. parasparanA saMyoga ke saMyojanathI Ama apAra padArtho-tattvo ke dravyo sarjAya che ane vighaTana paNa pAme che. jANe ke jagata eTale ja parivartana che. vijJAne A parivartanazIlatAno upayoga karI aneka AviSkAro karyA. aneka anya padArtho ke dravyo racyA. (jemake hAIDrojana ane salpharanA saMyojanathI sakyurika esiDa H SO, banAvyuM vagere). saMzleSaNa dvArA Ama teNe eka navI ja lAgatI sRSTi ja racI dIdhI, to bIjI bAju vizleSaNa paddhatino upayoga karI parivartana ke pariNamana pAmatA dravyanA mULa sudhI pahoMcavAno prayAsa paNa thayo che. e parivartananA mULa adhiSThAna - bIjI rIte kahIe to aMtima aMza evA aNu sudhI - have to tethI paNa AgaLa vadhIne ilekTrona vagere sudhI paNa saMzodhako pahoMcyA che ane tenA AdhAre aneka Azcaryaprada upalabdhio zakya banI rahI che.

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bhAratIya darzanomAM pariNAmavAda bhautika vizvanI jema mananI duniyAmAM paNa parivartano thayA kare che. cittavRttio caMcaLa che ane te parasparanA saMvAda ke virodha dvArA rAga, dveSa, kAma, krodha, sukha, duHkha, moha ke vairAgya jevA bhAvo dvArA mAnavInA jIvananuM saMcAlana kare che. A cittavRttiparivartananA AdhAre manovijJAna vikasI rahyuM che. Aja rIte rAjakIya, sAmAjika, dhArmika ane sAMskRtika parivartano thatA rahe che. Ama parivartananuM kSetra atyaMta vyApaka che. paNa ApaNe to bhAratIya darzanamAM anusUta parivartana arthAta dArzanika bhASAmAM kahIe to pariNamananA svarUpa ane rahasya viSe vividha pariprekSyamAM thayelA kheDANano paricaya karavo che. prathama dRSTie asaMkhya ane vibhinna lAgatA tattvonuM avalokana, adhyayana karatAM vizleSaNa ane saMzleSaNa paddhatithI temanuM amuka vagoMmAM vargIkaraNa thaI zake che. te uparAMta temanI vacce kAraNa-kArya saMbaMdha paNa nizcita karI zakAya che ane ema AgaLa vadhatA pratyeka darzana keTalAka nizcita mULa tattvo tAravI Ape che. A rIte vicAratA prathama parIkSaNe ema lAge che ke samasta vizvamAM mukhya be tattvo astitva dharAve che. eka jaDa ane bIjuM cetana. vizeSa parIkSaNa karatAM A banne tattvo ekabIjAthI nirapekSa che ke koI eka bIjAnuM Azrita che athavA to te bemAMnuM koIpaNa eka ja mULa tattva che ane bIjuM to mAtra tenuM rUpAMtara che - AvA prazno ubhA thaze. dArzanikonA manamAM AvA vicAro vAraMvAra ghoLAyA kare che. temaNe potapotAnI rIte temano ukela zodhavAnA prayatno paNa karyA che. e prayatnono niSkarSa nIce pramANe darzAvI zakAya. (1) jaDa eja pAramArthika tattva che. A vizva e evA jaDa tattvo eTale ke bhUtonuM ja baneluM che. te bhUta samudAyamAM caitanya utpanna thAya che. te caitanyane svataMtra mAnavAnI AvazyakatA nathI. A mata bhUta caitanyavAdI (Materialist) evA cArvAkono mAnavAmAM Ave che. kArla mArksa kahe che ke "jemAM ApaNo paNa samAveza thAya che, te A dazyamAna bhautika vizva e ja eka mAtra vAstavikatA che. ApaNuM caitanya ane ApaNI vicAraNA - bhale te atIndriya lAge to paNa - te ApaNA bhautika zarIranA ja avayava che. tene ApaNe magaja kahIe chIe. dravyajaDatattva e koI cetana tattvanI (matters) nIpaja nathI, paNa caitanya pote ja A jaDatattva (Matter) nuM ja utpAdana che. "

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bhAratIya darzanomAM pariNAmavAda (2) A je kAMI che te caitanya sivAya bIjuM kAMI ja nathI. caitanyamAM jaDatA saMbhave nahi. tethI jene ApaNe jaDa mAnIe chIe, te vAstavamAM jaDa nathI. paraMtu caitanyanuM ja svarUpa che athavA to te caitanyathI bhinna hoya evo AbhAsa mAtra ja che. A vicAradhArA kevala caitanyavAdI arthAt aMta vedAntanI che. (3) jaDa ane cetana e be nitAnna bhinna tattvo che. tethI ekanA guNadharmo bIjAmAM kadI saMbhavI zake nahi. te bemAMthI koIpaNa eka ja sAcuM tattva che, ema mAnI zakAya nahi. e banneno saMyoga thaI zake, paNa samizraNa nahi. A mata dvaitavAdI vicAradhArAno ane temAM paNa vizeSataH sAMkhyano (4) jaDa ane caitanya banne bhinna bhale rahyA. paraMtu te banne svataMtra nathI. e banne para eka niyAmaka tattva che, te tattva te Izvara che. A mata uparanA be ane traNamAM darzAvela matono sudhArA sAthe svIkAra kare che. eka rIte to te sezvara sAMkhya ja che. A cAreya vidhAnomAM eka vAta sAmAnya che ke tattvo pariNamana pAme che ane temanuM tattvAMtara ke rUpAMtara thayA kare che. tenAthI A sRSTicakra cAlI rahyuM che. A tattvAntara konuM ane kaI rIte thAya che, te vize ja abhigamabheda che. emAM paNa ApaNA sAmAnya anubhavamAM to prathama najare jaDa ane cetana e be tattvo AvatA jaNAya che. temaja jaDa tattvo rUpAMtara pAmatA hoya, utpanna thatA hoya ane nAza pAmatA hoya ema paNa jaNAya che. A jANanAra jaDa tattvathI judo che, ema paNa samajI zakAya che ane jaDa tattva koI rIte cetananA prabhAvathI ja gatizIla banI pariNamana karI zake tema paNa lAge che. Ama hoI Avo mata pratipAdita karatuM sAMkhyadarzana kevaLa sAmAnyajanane ja nahi paNa anya dArzanika ciMtakone paNa eka ke bIjI rIte, saMpUrNapaNe nahIM to aMzataH svIkAravA yogya lAgyuM che. eTaluM ja nahIM paNa sRSTinI utpatti ane vikAsa mATe bhAratIya darzanamAM thaelI vicAraNAmAM sAMkhyadarzana prAcInatama che ema paNa manAya che. teno pAyAno siddhAMta pariNamanane lagato che te spaSTa che ane e siddhAMtanA aMge nyAyavaizeSika, bauddha, jaina ane vedAnta darzanamAM potapotAnA pariprekSya pramANe je vicAraNA thaI teNe bhAratIya darzanane jIvaMta rAkhavAmAM mahattvanuM yogadAna ApyuM che.

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bhAratIya darzanomAM pariNAmavAda eTale have A darzanomAM nirUpita pariNamana ane emAMthI niSpanna thatA phalitArthono paricaya karIe. noMdha: DaoN.nagIna zAha kula-19 darzano Ama tAravI Ape che : (1) cArvAka, (2) jaina (3-8) cha bauddha dArzanika saMpradAya, (4) theravAda, (5) sarvAstivAda (vabhASika), (6) zUnyavAda, (7) yogAcAra (vijJAnavAda), (8) bauddhanyAyavAda, (9-10) sAMkhyayoga, (11-12) nyAya, vaizeSika, (13) pUrvamImAMsA, (14-18) vedAntanA pAMca saMpradAya, (14) zaMkarano advaitavAda, (15) rAmAnujano viziSTAdvaitavAda, (16) nimbArkano daitAdvaitavAda, (17) madhvano daitavAda, (18) vallabhano zuddhAdvaitavAda ane (19) kAzmIrIya zaivadarzana. - sAMkhyayoga. pR. 3 The material sensuously perceptible world to which we overselves belong is the only reality. Our consciousness and thinking, however, suprasenuous they may seem, are the product of a material bodily organ - the Brain. Matter is not a product of consciousness, but consciousness itself is merely the highest product of matter - Karl Marks selected works. Quoted by Shastri in crituque of Indian Realism. p. 40. | | |

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(1) sAMkhyadarzana sAMkhyadarzana pramANamAM prAcIna hovA chatAM paNa anya darzanonI apekSAe tenA paranuM upalabdha sAhitya kaMIka aMze alpa che. prAcIna ane arvAcIna vidvAnoe IzvarakRSNanI "sAMkhyakArikAne ja mukhyatve sAMkhyadarzanano pramANabhUta graMtha mAnyo che. kArikAnA sAMkhyane praziSTa (Classical) sAMkhya kahevAmAM Ave che. temAM sRSTi sarjananI prakriyAnA aMtima kAraNarUpe rahela mULa prakRti ane tenA pariNamanathI kramazaH prApta thatAM buddhi (mahata), ahaMkAra, mana ane daza indriyo, pAMca tanmAtrAo tathA pAMca mahAbhUto - ane A sarvathI nirALo puruSa - ema kula pacIsa tattvonI carcA karavAmAM AvI che. Ama ahIM puruSa ane prakRti e banne parasparathI svataMtra ane anAdi tattvo tarIke svIkArAyAM che. prakRtine sattva, rajas ane tamasU e traNa guNonI sAmyavasthA kahevAmAM AvI che. A traNa guNonA vaiSamyamAMthI pariNamana dvArA sRSTi sarjana zI rIte zakya jo ke sAMkhyadarzananuM A praziSTa svarUpa tene prAraMbhathI ja prApta thayuM nathI. tenA tattvo ane tenI vicAradhArAnA bIja vadhatA-ochA pramANamAM veda, upaniSad, mahAbhArata ane purANomAM jovA maLe che. vidvAnoe parizramapUrvaka abhyAsa karI e sahune tAravI ane temano kramika vikAsa tathA aMte te eka suvyavasthita darzana eTale ke sAMkhyadarzana rUpe kaI rIte sthApita thayuM, te darzAvyuM ja che.' veda: Adhunika mAnyatA pramANe RgvadanA maMtrono moTo bhAga devonI stutiono che, to paNa tenAM keTalAMka sUktomAM vizvanA nigUDha rahasyonuM udghATana karavAnI dArzanika pravRttiono prAraMbha niHzaMka joI zakAya che. vaLI, koI eka tattvamAMthI anya tattvo ke sRSTinA sarjana viSenA ullekho paNa temAM maLI Ave che. keTalAka vidvAno RgvadanA

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bhAratIya darzanomAM pariNAmavAda nAsadIya sUkta(10-129)mAM sAMkhanI avyakta prakRtinuM, hiraNyagarbha sUkta(10121)mAM utpattikramanuM ane puruSa sUktamAM puruSa tattvanuM bIja paDeluM jUe che. atharvavedanA aMdasUkto vageremAM paNa sAMkhyadarzananA bIja rahelAM che, ema keTalAka mAne che. (sara atharva. 10-8-43) paraMtu samayanA khUba lAMbA gALAnA kAraNe tathA arthaghaTananI saMdigdhatAne lIdhe vedanA AdhAre sAMkhyadarzana viSe koI nizcita dhAraNAo bAMdhavI zakya nathI. upaniSad H upaniSado haMmezA bhAratIya darzanonI gaMgotrI rahyAM che. pratyeka Astika (vedane pramANa mAnanAra) darzana potAnA siddhAMtanA samarthanamAM upaniSadonA amuka maMtro acUka rajU karatA hoya che. DaoN. jahonsana temanA Early Samkhya nAmanA laghugraMthamAM sAMkhyadarzanamAM AvatA avyakta, guNa, puruSa, prakRti, buddhi, ahaMkAra ane sUkSma zarIra jevA pAribhASika zabdono upaniSadomAM kyAM kyAM upayoga thayo che, te darzAvI temAMthI praziSTa sAMkhyanuM svarUpa zI rIte baMdhAyuM, te darzAve che. ApaNe pariNamanane lagatA keTalAMka upaniSadonA ullekho joIe. sa tathA saindhava....... yato yatastvAdadIta lavaNamevaivaM vA ara idaM mahadbhUtamanantamapAraM vijJAnadhana parva tekhyo bhUtezya: samutthAya . (bRha. 2-4-12) ahIM mahat dvArA sAMkhyanA buddhi tattvanuM smaraNa thAya che. sava socema mAsImevAditIyam | (chAMdo. 6-2-1) sa yathorNanAbhistantunoccaredyathA'gneH kSudrA visphulliGgA vyuccarantyevamevAsmAdAtmanaH sarve prApa: novA: sarve tevA: sarvANi bhUtAni vyavRtti (chAMdo, 2-1-4) A uparAMta muMDakopaniSada 1-1-8, praznopa.1-14 maitrAyaNI upa. (2-5pa2) vageremAM paNa AvA saMdarbho joI zakAya che. zvetAzvatara upaniSadane to sAMkhyaupaniSad ja kahevAmAM Ave che : temAM sAMkhya, yoga, kapila, vyakta, avyakta, jJa, pradhAna, prakRti, traNa guNo tathA 16 vikAronuM paNa sUcana prApta thAya che. paraMtu upaniSadono bhAra eka ja parama tattva - eTale ke brahma che ane te ja sRSTino mULa srota che, te siddhAMta para rahyo che, te paNa bhUlavuM na joIe. eTale upaniSadanA brahmamUlaka nirUpaNamAMthI vicArabIja laIne paNa sAMkhe potAnA daitavAdane potAnI

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bhAratIya darzanomAM pariNAmavAda viziSTa paddhatithI vikasAvyo che, tema lAge che. paraMtu tethI sAMkhyadarzana upaniSadanA advaitanA pratyAghAta rUpe che, ema mAnavuM ucita nahIM gaNAya. vedAnta darzananI jema sAMkhyadarzanane paNa potAnA siddhAntanI pUrvabhUmikA upaniSaddamAMthI prApta thaI, eTaluM ja kahI zakAya.' mahAbhArataH mahAbhArata eka evuM bRhad mahAkAvya che ke jemAM aneka nItikathAo, rAjakathAo ane dArzanika vicArono bhaMDAra bharyo che. tethI sAMkhyadarzananA paNa ghaNA mahattvanA muddAo temAMthI prApta thAya e svAbhAvika che. vizeSataH tenA sanasujAta parva, mokSadharmaparva, bhagavadgItA ane anugItAmAM sAMkhyacarcA thaelI jovA maLe che. ahIM paMcazikhanuM nirIzvara sAMkhya kaMIka vistArathI nirUpAeluM che. to mahAbhAratamAM covIza, pacIza ke chavIza tattvonuM pratipAdana karatuM sAMkhya paNa jovA maLe che. paraMtu mahAbhAratanuM sAMkhya vizeSataH sezvara sAMkhya hoya tema lAge che. gItAmAM prakRti ane puruSa e baMnene anAdi kahyA che ane sarva vikAro tathA guNa prakRtimAMthI udbhavelA jaNAvAyA che.13-19 tathA pAMca mahAbhUta, mana, buddhi ane ahaMkAra e ATha tattvone paramAtmAnI aparA prakRti kahI che tathA jIvabhUtA evI temanI bIjI prakRti kahI che arthAt prakRti ane puruSa banne paramAtmAnA ja tattvo che. (5) Ama eka daSTie ahIM sezvara sAMkhya che, to bIjI dRSTie advaita vedAnta tarapha DhaLatuM sAMkhya che ema kalpI zakAya. . A uparAMta purANomAM paNa prasaMgopAta sAMkhyanA keTalAka aMzono ullekha thayo che. paraMtu moTA bhAge purANo viSNu, maheza, brahmA, zakti Adi devonA guNo ane aizvaryanuM pratipAdana karatA hoI temAM pradarzita sAMkhya sezvara che. carakasaMhitAmAM paNa sAMkhanuM nirUpaNa jovA maLe che. temAM covIsa tattvonA samUhathI yukta caitanyavALuM zarIra ane te paNa mAnavazarIra tene ja puruSa kahyuM che. A covIsa tattvo eTale ATha prakRti (pAMca sUkSma bhUto, tanmAtrA, buddhi ane avyakta) tathA soLa vikAro (pAMca mahAbhUto, pAMca jJAnendriyo, pAMca karmendriyo ane mana). carakasaMhitAmAM puruSa ane prakRtino alaga alaga ullekha nathI. paraMtu vyas e zabdamAM ja bannene samAvI levAmAM AvyA che." nirukta ane vyAkaraNa: DaoN. IndukalA jhaverI yogya rIte dhyAna dore che ke bhASAzAstra ke bhASAvijJAna ane

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bhAratIya darzanomAM pariNAmavAda vyAkaraNazAstra zabdanA svarUpa, rUpAMtara vagerenI ja pradhAnapaNe carcA kare che, to paNa emanA keTalAka sUtro ke mata bhautika vagere tattvonA rUpAMtarane samajavAmAM upayogI thaI zake che. jema ke yAske vArSAyaNie kahelA cha bhAvavikArono ullekha karyo che. temAM virama te no ullekha noMdhapAtra che. vipariNamana-eTale tattva ke padArtha potAnA sattvamAMthI cUta thayA vinA vikAra ke rUpAMtarane pAme che. pa bhAvaviIR/ mavastIti vALa:.. vipariNamate rUtyapravyavamAnI tattvAdijAram | Avo ja mata sAMkhya ane jainadarzanamAM pratidhvanita thato dekhAya che. pANininA tasya vira: (43134) ane tartha viktaH prakRtI (pAlA12) paranI TIkAmAM vAmana jayAditya spaSTa kare che ke pravRtaravasthAntara vira: I tathA pratipAlInAra, tavaiva uttaramavasthAntare vikRtiH to ahIM e paNa noMdhavuM gamaze ke zrI hemacaMdrAcArye paNa kahyuM che ke vyavasthAntara viIR: (zabdAnu. 6-2-30) pataMjali paNa pariNamananI vibhAvanA spaSTa karI che. temaNe darzAvyuM ke navA guNo Avirbhata thavA chatAM paNa jenA mULabhUta tattvano nAza thato nathI, te dravya che. jemake AmaLAmAM lAla ke pILA jevA guNo badalAya che, to paNa AmaLAne te ja AmaLA tarIke svIkAravAmAM Ave ja che. A uparAMta nityatAnA saMdarbhamAM temaNe kUTastha nityatA ane pariNAma nityatA ema be nityatA svIkArI ane kUTastha nityatAnA saMdarbhamAM emaNe evI paNa spaSTatA karI ke jemAM tattvano nAza na thAya te paNa nitya ja che. praziSTa sAMkhyaH agAu nirdeza karyo che, te praziSTa sAMkhyamAM IzvarakRSNa racita sAMkhyakArikAne pramukha mAnavAmAM Ave che. sAMkhyakArikA para mAThara vRtti, gauDapAdabhASya, jayamaMgalA TIkA, yuktidIpikA, vAcaspatikRta sAMkhyatattvakaumudI ane nArAyaNatIrthanI caMdrikA vagere TIkAomAM keTalAMka mahattvanA muddAonI savistara carcA jovAmAM Ave che. temAMno eka mahattvano muddo pariNamanano che. te viSe vAcaspatie karelI carcA vizeSa dhyAnAkarSaka che. sAMkhyakArikA uparAMta kapilanA nAme prApta sAMgasUtra paNa mahattvano graMtha che. Ama to sAMkhyadarzananA Adya pravartaka tarIke kapilane ja mAnavAmAM Ave che. paraMtu temanA viSe AdhArabhUta mAhitI khAsa prApya nathI. paraMparA pramANe prAcIna kapila munie be graMtho racyA che : (1) sAMgasUtra ane (2) tattvasamAsa. paraMtu sAMgasUtra pramANamAM

Page #22
bhAratIya darzanomAM pariNAmavAda arvAcIna hoI tenuM kartutva e prAcIna kapila muninuM na hoI zake. tattvasamAsa to 22, 25 ke 27 sUtro dharAvato laghugraMtha che. sAMkhyasUtra paranuM vijJAna bhikSunuM bhASya mahattvanuM che. temAM pariNamana viSe bhikSunuM keTaluMka maulika pradAna noMdhapAtra che. A uparAMta sAMkhyanI sAthe yogadarzanane paNa sAMkaLavAmAM Ave che. yogasUtranuM kendra yoga-dhyAna-dhAraNA-samAdhi che, to paNa temAM cittavRttionA parivartananI carcA thaI che. anyathA tattva vagerenI bAbatamAM te sAMkhyane prAyaH svIkArIne cAle che. paraMtu tenA paranA vyAsabhASya ane tenA paranI vAcaspatinI vaizAradI TIkAmAM pariNamana viSe mahattvano prakAza pheMkavAmAM Avyo che. tethI aitihAsika kAlakramane gauNa gaNIne A graMthonA AdhAre have sAMkhyanA pariNAmavAdano paricaya karIzuM. sAmAnya rIte vizvasaMghaTanAmAM pratIta thatA jaDa ane cetana e be tattvono svIkAra karI sAMkhya temanA svarUpano UMDANathI ane kaMIka aMze vaijJAnika paddhatie vicAra kare che. tema karavAmAM te saMzleSaNa ane vizleSaNa e banne paddhatio prayoje che. A darzana Ama vAstavavAdI dvatadarzana che. jaDamAM kevaLa potAnI ja zaktithI gati ane tethI parivartana zakya nathI. tene tema karavA mATe koI tenAthI bhinna tevA svataMtra cetana tattvanI AvazyakatA rahe che. te cetana tattvane sAMkhya puruSa kahe che ane je acetana tattva che, tene prakRti kahe che. puruSa-prakRtino saMbaMdha kevA prakArano ane kevI rItano che, te viSe ApaNe pachI joIzuM. A acetana tattva evI prakRti padArtha vaividhyamAM mULa kAraNa che. tenuM astitva sAMkhya kArya-kAraNanI zRMkhalAne saMzleSaNa rIte Ama Ape che. vizvamAM ApaNe vividha padArtho joIe chIe. temanAmAM parasparanA bheda paNa joIe chIe. paNa jyAre te kevI rIte banyA teno uttarottara kramamAM vicAra karIe chIe arthAtu jayAre kArya (Effect) mAMthI kAraNa (Cause) tarapha AgaLa ne AgaLa jaIe chIe tyAre A bheda ogaLatA jAya che. udAharaNa tarIke judA judA prakAranA (mATInA) ghaDA, tAvaDI vagerenA kAraNano vicAra karIe chIe te e sarva mATI sudhI pahoMce che, pachI tenAthI paNa AgaLa ne AgaLa vadhatA sthULa tattva eTale ke tanmAtrA ane tenAthI paNa sUkSma evA kevaLA astitva ke asmitAnuM bhAna karAvatA "ahaMkAra' nAmanA tattva sudhI pahoMcI jaIe chIe. sAMkhya kahe che ke A bhAna paNa tenAthI paNa vizeSa sUkSma evI eka tattva sudhI laI jAya che ane te tattvane mahatuM ke buddhi e nAma Ape che. chevaTe A mahat paNa jenuM kArya ke pariNamana che, te tattva pAse virAma Ave che.

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bhAratIya darzanomAM pariNAmavAda kArya-kAraNanI zRMkhalAnuM A aMtima tattva te ja prakRti che. e atyaMta sUkSma hovAthI avyakta che. tenuM koI kAraNa nathI. jo tenuM paNa koI kAraNa mAnIe to te kAraNanuM paNa kAraNa mAnatA ema anavasthA doSa Avaze. sAM.s. (1-67) kahe ke mUtte mUlAbhAvAdamUlama mUlam / sarvanuM ahetu mata kAraNa evI prakRti sarvavyApI ane anaMta che. uparAMta te nitya, niSkriya, eka, anAzrita, aliMga, niravayava, svatanna, triguNa, viSaya, sAmAnya, acetana ane sarvadharmI paNa che. (sA.kA.10-11) prakRtinA astitvane siddha karavA mATe sAM.kA. nIcenI dalIlo Ape che. (1) jagatanA sarva padArtho parimita che. tethI temanuM koI kAraNa haze. (2) bhinna bhinna lAgatAM tattvone ekasUtramAM bAMdhanAra, samanvaya karanAra eka tattva paNa hovuM joIe. (3) zeSa tattvomAM thatA pariNamanano AdhAra tenA mULa srotanI zakti ja hovI joIe. (4) kAryakAraNa saMbaMdhanA AdhAre paNa chevaTe mULa kAraNa sudhI pahoMcavuM joIe. (5) kArya aMtato gatvA potAnA mULa kAraNamAM ja lIna thaze. pariNamanathI prApta thatA padArthonA mULamAM rahelI A urjArUpa prakRtino anubaMdha Adhunika bhautika vijJAna sAthe paNa joDI zakAya che. amerikAnA suprasiddha bhautika vijJAnI jaoNsepha keplAna lakhe che : The Samkhya theory is in absolute agreement with the latest results of physics. It is interesting here to make the following comment. The atomic theory is the product of the western mind. In his native way the western scientist generalizes the experience that one can subdivide matter until one meets an ultimate particle into the atomic theory assuming many elements. The Hindu (Samkhya) philosopher goes much further and reduces everything to one element." A rIte saMzleSaNa paddhatithI padArthonA mULa kAraNarUpe prakRtine siddha karyuM. have A mULa prakRtimAMthI pariNamana dvArA tattvAntaro ane ema aMte sthULa padArtho zI rIte saMbhave che, tenuM nirUpaNa paNa sA.kA. kare che.

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bhAratIya darzanomAM pariNAmavAda paraMtu te pUrve sAMkhano eka mahattvano siddhAMta jANavo jarUrI che. te che sAMkhyanI triguNa vyavasthA. prakRti chevaTe che zuM? tenuM svarUpa kevuM che? tenA uttaramAM sAMkhyadarzana kahe che ke prakRti e traNa guNonI sAmyavasthA che. A traNa guNo eTale sattvaguNarajoguNa ane tamoguNa. A traNa guNono paricaya ApaNe thoDA samaya pachI karIzuM. A traNa guNonA vaiSamyanA kAraNe prakRtimAM sRSTisarjananI prakriyA AraMbhAya che. prakRtimAM je guNa arthAt rajoguNa caMcaLa che, tethI te sthira rahI zakato nathI. eTale sAmyavasthAmAM paNa tenI kriyA to cAlyA ja kare che. tethI prakRtimAM pariNAma to satata cAlatuM ja hoya che. paNa sAmyAvasthAmAM guNonuM vaiSamya hotuM nathI. tethI te pariNAma eka samAna hoya che. tene sadaza pariNamana kahe che. paraMtu puruSanI sannidhithI jyAre prakRtimAM kSobha thAya che, tyAre guNomAM vaiSamya Ave che ane pachI bhinna bhinna pariNamana thavA lAge che. tene visadaza pariNamana kahe che. sAmyAvasthAmAM kSobha thavAthI prakRtinA sAttvika aMzamAMthI sarva prathama "mahatu ke buddhi tattvano AvirbhAva thAya che. buddhinuM vizeSa lakSaNa adhyavasAya (nizcaya) che. te sAtvikI hoI puruSanuM pratibiMba jhIlI zake che. sarva bauddhika prakriyAno AdhAra buddhi che. mana ane indriyo paNa buddhi mATe ja kArya kare che. buddhimAM sattvaguNa mukhya che. rajasa ane tamas gauNa che. paraMtu e guNomAM pratikSaNa pariNamana thavAthI pachI temAMthI ahaMkAra tattvono AvirbhAva thAya che. triguNane lIdhe ahaMkAra paNa sAttvika (vaikArika), rAjas (taja) ane tAmasa (bhUtAdi) ema traNa prakArano thAya che. abhimAna e ahaMkAranuM lakSaNa che. buddhimAM jayAre icchAzakti praveze che, tyAre tene ja ahaMkAra kahevAya che. ahaMkAra akartA puruSamAM kartApaNAno adhyAsa Arope che. sAttvika ahaMkAramAMthI pAMca jJAnendriyo, pAMca karmendriyo ane mana AvirbhAva pAme che tathA tAmasa ahaMkAramAMthI pAMca tanmAtrAo Avirbhata thAya che. rAjas ahaMkAra bannemAM sahAya kare che. A mata vAcaspati mizrano che. paraMtu vijJAna bhikSu saheja judo mata dharAve che. zabda, sparza, rUpa, rasa ane gaMdha e pAMca tanmAtrAomAMthI AkAza, vAyu, teja, jaLa ane pRthvI - e pAMca mahAbhUtono AvirbhAva thAya che. A pAMca mahAbhUtomAMnI pratyeka mahAbhUta eka eka tanmArAmAMthI udbhavyuM ke eka karatAM vizeSa tanmAtrAomAMthI, te aMge judA judA mato pravarte che."

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14 bhAratIya darzanomAM pariNAmavAda buddhithI mAMDIne tanmAtrAo sudhInA tattvo pariNamana dvArA prApta thatA vikAro che; tema mahAbhUto paNa tanmAtrAnA vikAro che. A bhUtomAMthI pachI koI vikAra saMbhavato nathI, paraMtu ahIM zaMkA thAya che ke pRthvInA paNa gAya, ghaDo, vRkSo vagere vikAro vikAro to che ja. tethI bhUtone paNa prakRti eTale ke kAraNa kema na mAnavA ? A zaMkAno uttara e che ke gAya (=gAyanuM zarIra) vagere pRthivIthI tAttvika rIte bhinna nathI. prakRti eTale anya tattvane utpanna karanAra. gAya-ghaDo vagere tattvAMtaro nathI. sthULa indriyothI e badhA pRthivInA ghaTako rUpe samAna rIte ja grahaNa thAya che. tethI pRthivI vagere mAtra vikAro ja che.* Ama sAMkhyadarzanamAM pacIza tattvo svIkAravAmAM AvyA che : eka sunizcita kAraNa-kArya prakriyA dvArA pariNamana pAmIne ahIM tattvAntaronI vividha sarjanalIlAno upakrama darzAvyo che. A kAraNa kAryanI saraNinA anusaMge sAMnirdiSTa tattvono vicAra cAra prakAre karI zakAya. (1) evuM tattva ke je anAdi hoya, jenuM kAraNa na hoya paNa je pote anyanuM kAraNa hoya. A tattva te prakRti, mULa prakRti, avyakta ke pradhAna. (2) evAM tattvo ke je koInuM kArya hoya ane sAthe sAthe bIjA tattvanuM paNa kAraNa hoya. A tattvone prakRti-vikRti kahevAmAM AvyA che. te sAta che - mahatu, ahaMkAra ane pAMca tanmAtrA. (3) evAM tattvo ke je koInuM mAtra kArya ja hoya ane anya koInuM kAraNa na hoya. A tattvone "vikAra' kahevAmAM AvyA che. temanI saMkhyA soLa che. mana sAthe agiyAra indriyo ane pAMca mahAbhUto. (4) evuM tattva ke je koInuM kAraNa (prakRti) paNa na hoya ane kArya (vikRti) paNa na hoya arthAt je anAdi ane nitya tathA avikArI hoya. A tattva te caitanya puruSa. IzvarakRSNa A vibhAga A kArikAmAM sacoTa rajU karyo che - mUlaprakRtiravikRtirmahadAdyAH prakRtivikRtayaH sapta / / SoDakastu vikAro na prakRtirna vikRtiH puruSaH // 3 // guNavicAra : mULa prakRtinuM AvuM pariNamana e kharekhara to guNonA kAraNe thAya che. A traNa guNonI kalpanA ane tenuM nirUpaNa e sAMkhyadarzananuM AgavuM pradAna che. sarve bhautika ane mAnasika tattvonuM carama kAraNa A traNa guNo ja che. teo bhale guNo kahevAya,

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bhAratIya darzanomAM pariNAmavAda paNa nyAyavaizeSika darzanamAM pratipAdita guNo sAthe temanuM jarA paNa sAdagya nathI. vijJAna bhikSunA mata pramANe A guNo sUkSma dravya che. kAraNa ke temane potAne guNa che. puruSanA prayojana mATe temanI pravRtti hovAthI e saMdarbhamAM teo gauNa che. tethI temane guNa kahyA che athavA to puruSone sAMsArikatAmAM bAMdhI rAkhe che, tethI paNa temane guNa kahevAmAM AvyA che. 1 guNo vikAro dvArA anumAnathI siddha thAya che. teo indriyagamya nathI.18 mAnasika avasthAnA dyotaka tarIke ja temanuM nirUpaNa karavuM apUrNa raheze. teno vyApa banne kSetromAM che. eTaluM ja nahi paNa mahAbhArata ane purANomAM A traNeya guNono nItimattA ke dhArmikatA sAthe paNa anubaMdha karavAmAM Avyo che.) moTAbhAganA darzano ane sAmAnya mAnyatA pramANe sRSTi e vAstavikatA che. mAtra zUnya ke AbhAsa nathI. tenAM rUpo paLe paLe prakaTa thAya che. tethI pratyeka padArtha potAnI vastulakSitA (Objectivity) daSTAnA anubhavamAM lAve che. temAM raheto nakkara jaththo (Mass) potAnI sImAmAM baMdhAIne dhULarUpe dekhAya che. tyAre sAMkhyaparibhASAmAM tene tAmasika kahI zakIe. paraMtu anubhava darzAve che ke A sthULatA sthira nathI. samaya ane saMyogo temAM dhImuM ke jhaDapI parivartana lAvyA kare che. A parivartana rajoguNane AbhArI che. A sthaLa jaththo ane parivartana vastunI sattA Existence) nA saMdarbhamAM che. tethI e bannenA mULamAM rahelI sattA (Existence) ne paNa svIkAravI rahI. kizoralAla mazarUvALAe 19 tamasa, rajas ane sattva guNane A saMdarbhamAM ja anukrame padArthanI parimiti, gati ane vyavasthiti kahyA che. sattvane laghu ane prakAzaka, rajasane upakhaMbhaka ane cala tathA tamane guruvaraNa zA mATe kahyA che, te paNa AnAthI spaSTa thAya che. paraMtu guNonuM sAmrAjya ahI ja samApta thatuM nathI. manamAM UThatA vicAro ke temAM UThatI vRttio paNa triguNathI AvRtta che. bhautika sRSTi ane mAnasika sRSTi e banne A traNeya guNonA vividha tAratamyabharyA kramacaya ke upacaya (Permutation and Combination)ne lIdhe ja zakya bane che. bhautika sRSTino koIpaNa padArtha A traNa guNono banelo che. tethI te traNa prakAranI vRtti utpanna karI zake che. sukhanI, duHkhanI ke mohanI. tethI sattva, rajasa ane tamane anukrame prIti, aprIti ane viSAdAtmaka kahyA che. (sAM.kA. 13)

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bhAratIya darzanomAM pariNAmavAda A traNa guNo AMtarajagata ane bAhya jagatanI saMvAditA sarje che. teo sAthe ja hoya che. teo temanuM svatva jALave che. paraMtu koIpaNa guNa tadana ekalo ja raheto nathI. teo anyonyano abhibhava karI zake che. eTale ke koIpaNa guNa bAkInA be karatAM vizeSa pramANamAM prakaTa thaI zake che ane ema thAya to ja vaiSamya thayuM gaNAya ane sarga prakriyA cAlI zake, paraMtu sAthe sAthe teo anyonyAzraya, anoyansajanana ane anyonya mithunavALA paNa hoya che. dekhItI rIte teo paraspara virodhI lAge che. paraMtu emanuM dhyeya eka ja (puruSArtha) che ane tethI teo sAthe rahIne potapotAnI rIte kArya karI zake che. jema vAta, pitta ane kapha traNeya sAthe rahI zarIramAM kArya kare che, tema athavA to dIpakamAM jema vATa, tela ane jayota paraspara virodhI hovA chatAM prakAzanI kriyAmAM sAthe joDAya che tema 20 A traNeya guNo aneka che. eka sattvaguNa, eka rajoguNa ke eka ja tamoguNa ema nathI. teo aneka che ane tethI ja to kAryamAM yugapad vaividhya saMbhavI zake che. teo pote vadhatA-ochA pramANamAM AvibhUti thAya che. paNa nijasvarUpane tajatA nathI. koIpaNa guNa anya guNamAM pariNamato nathI. temano nAza paNa nathI ane temane utpanna karI zakAtA nathI. Ama, dvatamUlaka vastuvAda (Dualistic Materialism) no pAyo e A sAMkhyanI triguNa vyavasthA che. bhautika ke vaicArika sRSTinA sarjananI vikAsa prakriyAmAM vijJAna ane darzanane sAMkhe eka agatyanI kaDI pUrI pADI che. guNavaiSamyanA kAraNe prakRtimAM pariNamana thAya che. vaiSamyAvasthAmAM te pariNamana bhinna bhinna prakAranuM hoya che. yogabhASya A pariNamana traNa prakAranuM darzAve che: (1) dharmapariNAma - dharmomAM pariNamana te.2 eTale ke dharmInA koI dharmano tirobhAva thatAM anya dharmano AvirbhAva thavo te. dA.ta. mATInA piMDamAMthI ghaTanI utpatti thavI. (2) lakSaNa pariNAma - bhUta, vartamAna tathA bhaviSyarUpa pariNamana. A traNeya kALanA lakSaNo dharmImAM sAthe ja hoya che. paNa temAMno eka anya beno nirodha (Supression) karI AvirbhAva pAme che. jemake ghaDo mATImAMthI jyAM sudhI AvirbhAva pAmato nathI, tyAM sudhI tenuM anAgata lakSaNa vyakta hoya che. jayAre te AvirbhAva pAme che, tyAre e anAgata lakSaNano nirodha thAya che ane vartamAna lakSaNa vyakta thAya che vagere.

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bhAratIya darzanomAM pariNAmavAda (3) avasthA lakSaNa - dharmanA A traNa kAlika lakSaNomAMthI pratyeka lakSaNamAM kramathI judI judI avasthAo kramika thavI te avasthA pariNAma che. jemake navI vastu jUnI thavI, bALakamAMthI vRddha thavuM vagere. 23 satkAryavAda: ApaNe Ama joyuM ke sthULa dekhAtA kAryanA kAraNanI zodha karatAM karatAM sAMkhyadarzana sUkSma ane avyakta evA eka mULa kAraNa prakRti sudhI pahoMce che. pariNamana prakriyA dvArA ahIM kAraNanA avasthAntaro dvArA tattvAntara thatA aneka padArthothI yukta sRSTi sarjana thAya che. sAMkhya spaSTapaNe mAne che ke kArya e nitAMta navuM utpAdana nathI. te tenA kAraNamAM pahelethI ja hatuM (sat) kAraNa ke je asat hoya te sat thaI zake ja nahIM. paNa je kharekhara che te pariNAma pAmI avasthAbhedathI bhinna ke nUtana svarUpe mAtra jaNAya ja che. tAttvika dRSTie te tenA kAraNathI bhinna che ja nahIM. Ama eka bAjue kArya e kAraNanuM ja dhULa ke vyakta rUpa che ane bIjI bAjue kArya e navI vastu nathI. zUnyamAMthI kaMI ja sarjI zakAya nahIM. eTaluM ja nahIM, paNa game te vastumAMthI paNa tenAthI taddana bhinna guNadharmavALI game te vastu paNa utpanna karI zakAya nahi. kAryanI utpatti jema sAva navI nathI, tema Akasmika paNa nathI. kAraNa ja kAryarUpe AvirbhAva pAme che. sAMkhyanI A vicAradhArAne satkAryavAda kahevAmAM Ave che. 'sAMkhanA satu kAryavAdathI viparIta nyAya vaizeSika darzana asatu kAryavAdano puraskAra kare che. temanA mata pramANe kArya pUrve hatuM ja nahi (1) paraMtu te pachIthI kAraNamAM utpanna thayuM. to bauddhonA mata pramANe asat mAMthI sat utpanna thAya che. temaja vedAntanA vivartavAda pramANe kAraNa e ja sat che ane temAMthI kharekhara koI kArya utpanna thatuM nathI. utpanna thatuM lAge che, e to mAtra AbhAsa che. 24 sA.kA.9mAM satkAryavAdane nIcenAM pAMca kAraNothI siddha karavAmAM Avyo che. (1) asat navarAt - jeno saMpUrNa abhAva hoya (sata) te kadI paNa utpanna thaI zake nahIM. jemake nIlarUpane hajAro upAyo vaDe paNa pILuM karI zakAtuM nathI. (vAcaspati) athavA to retImAMthI tela upajAvI zakAtuM nathI. (gauDapAda). (2) 3pavAnapradar - koI cokkasa kAryanI utpatti mATe koI cokkasa upAdAnano

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bhAratIya darzanomAM pariNAmavAda ja AdhAra levAmAM Ave che. dA.ta. dahIM meLavavA mATe dUdhano ja upayoga thAya che, pANIno nahIM. (gauDa) (3) sarvasamavAmAvat - jo kArya ane kAraNa vacce tAtvika aikyarUpI saMbaMdhane na svIkAravAmAM Ave to pachI koIpaNa vastu bIjI game te vastumAMthI banI zakata. jemake retImAMthI suvarNa banI zakatuM nathI. pratyeka vastunI utpatti nizcita maryAdA ane niyamone AdhIna rahIne ja thAya che ane A maryAdAnuM kAraNa e ja ke kArya, kAraNa sAthe pahelethI ja saMbaMdha che. 25 (4) zarRca vicarat - jema koI paNa kArya koIpaNa kAryamAMthI utpanna thaI zakatuM nathI, tema koI paNa kAraNa paNa koIpaNa kAryane utpanna karI zakatuM nathI. paraMtu pratyeka kAraNa amuka ja kArya utpanna karavAnI zakti dharAve che. dA.ta. sUrya, sUryakAnta maNimAMthI agni utpanna karavAnI zakti dharAve che. paNa te caMdrakAnta maNimAMthI zItaLa jaLa utpanna karI zakato nathI. (yujIvI) (5) tArAmAvAn - kArya kAraNano ja svabhAva dharAve che. (jayamaMgalA) kArya e kAraNathI tattvataH bhinna nathI. suvarNanI vIMTI suvarNa sivAya anya koI padArthamAMthI banI zakatI nathI. uparanAM pAMca kAraNo ema darzAve che ke kArya pahelethI ja sUkSmarUpe potAnA kAraNamAM vidyamAna hoya che. kAraNanA guNadharmo temAM pahelAM hoya ja che. yogya samaya AvatAM kArya svakAraNamAMthI kAryarUpe pragaTa thAya che ane mukhyatve A kAraNa upAdAna kAraNa che. prakRti e mULa upAdAna kAraNa che. te potAnA kAryanuM svataH pariNamana karI zake che. paraMtu kyAreka te pariNAma mATe tene sahakArI kAraNonI paNa jarUra rahe che. tene nimitta kAraNa kahe che. paraMtu nimitta kAraNa kAryano pravartaka hetu nathI. teno upayoga to upAdAna kAraNa dvArA kAryanA prakaTIkaraNanI kriyAmAM AvatA bAdhakone dUra karavA pUrato ja hoya che. yogabhASyamAM dRSTAMta ApavAmAM AvyuM che ke kheDUta khetaranA kyArAomAM pANI pAvA mATe nIka kare che. paNa te pote pANIne laIne kyArA sudhI jato nathI. nIka thaI eTale pachI pANI tenI jAte ja kyArA sudhI vahI jaze. kAraNa ke vahevuM e pANInI svAbhAvika pravRtti che. te vahevAmAM je bAdhaka hatuM te dUra karavA nIka karavAmAM AvI eTaluM ja. 24

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bhAratIya darzanomAM pariNAmavAda 19 A uparAMta e paNa noMdhavuM joIe ke sahakArI kAraNo hoya to paNa kAryo haMmezAM sarvatra vyakta thayA ja kare ema hotuM nathI. temAM deza, kALa, AkAra ane nimittanI maryAdAo hoya che. jemake kesara kAzmIramAM ja thAya che. deza, DAMgaranuM vAvetara comAsAmAM ja thAya. kALa, hariNI mANasane janma ApI zakatI nathI. AkAra, dharmano abhAvavALo duSTa puruSa sukha pAmI zakato nathI. nimitta7 nyAyavaizeSika, bauddha vagere darzanomAM satkAryavAdanuM khaMDana paNa karavAmAM AvyuM che, to sAMgAcAryoe potAno bacAva paNa karyo che. teno vistAra atre prastuta nathI. mAtra be muddAo joI laIe. jo kAraNa eja kArya hoya ane te bannemAM koI tAttvika bheda ja na hoya to kAraNa ane kArya evA be zabdo nirarthaka thaI jaze. pachI to takhtaone paTa kahevAmAM koI Apatti na hovI joIe. AvI zaMkA thaI zake che. A zaMkAno uttara ApatAM sAMkhya kahe che ke kArya kAraNamAMthI ja prakaTa thayuM che ane kAraNanA guNo dharAve che, paNa racanA ane avasthAnA bhedathI kArya amuka rIte kAraNathI juduM paDe che. pariNAmano artha e che ke pariNamanathI prApta thatuM kArya potAnI paNa vizeSatA dharAve che. dUdhamAMthI dahIM bane che. dahIM e dUdhanA keTalAMka guNo dharAve ja che. paNa keTaleka aMze te svAda vageremAM dUdhathI bhinna che, to paNa tenA tAttvika svarUpamAM nitAMta bheda nathI. dUdha paNa satya che ane teno vikAra evuM dahIM paNa satya che. kAraNa ke eka mULa dravya che to bIjuM pariNAma che. sAMkhyanA mata anusAra aMtatogatvA to mULamAM prakRti - eTale ke guNomAM ja pariNamana thatA kArya utpanna thAya che ane utpanna thavuM eTale janma thavo ane eka tabakke je utpanna thAya teno nAza paNa thAya che. have prakRti to nitya che, to pachI temAM janma ane vinAza kaI rIte svIkArI zakAya ? AvI zaMkA paNa karAya che. sAMkhya teno sIdho uttara Ape che ke janma-vinAza e to kevaLa vyavahAra che. kharekhara to ahIM koI janmatuM nathI ane nAza paNa pAmatuM nathI. ahIM pariNamanathI tattvAntarono mAtra AvirbhAva ane tirobhAva ja thAya che. takhtaomAM paTano AvirbhAva thAya che ane paTane vikhero to teno tirobhAva thAya che. tajuo to hatA te ja che. vaLI evI zaMkA thAya ke prakRtimAM pariNAma thavAthI tattvAMtarono AvirbhAva thayo. eno artha e thayo ke prakRtino keTaloka bhAga rUpAMtarita thaI gayo. prakRti khaMDita thaI gaI. paNa prakRti to niravayavI che. A uparAMta anekAneka kAryone lIdhe prakRtino teTalA aMze hRAsa paNa thaI jaze. tenuM samAdhAna e che ke guNo potAno svabhAva choDatA nathI. mAtra temanA saMyojanothI ja kAryo prakaTa thayA che. tenAthI prakRtinA eka akhaMDa sattvano

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20 bhAratIya darzanomAM pariNAmavAda bAdha thato nathI. vaLI prakRti to sarvavyApI che. teno bhaMDAra akhUTa che. vikArone kAraNe je kSati lAge che, te to tenA sAmarthyathI ja pUrAI jAya che. (pratyApUratuM ! co.phU.rU6) saMkSepamAM kahIe to sAMkhyano pariNAmavAda e vyavahAramAM dekhAtA vaividhya ane tenI pAchaLa rahelA ekatvanuM ja zakya teTaluM takaniSTha prasthApana che. kItha kahe che tema Casuality in Samkhya, in its ultimate essence, is reduced to change of appearance in an abiding entity." bhautika vijJAnano Conservation of matter and energy e siddhAMta enA kaMIka pariSkRta svarUpe sAMkhe bahu pahelAM jANI lIdho hato ema lAge che. puruSavicAra : sAMkhyanA be mULabhUta tattva, prakRti ane puruSa che. temAMthI jemAM pariNamana dvArA sRSTi sarjana thAya che, te prakRti che. paNa prakRti acetana hoI svayaM pariNamana karI zake nahIM. tethI cetana tattva evA puruSano svIkAra paNa sAMkhya kare che. vaLI prakRti ane tenI sRSTi vAstavika (Real) ane vastulakSI (Objective) paNa che. vastulakSitA e sApekSa vibhAvanA che, tethI temAM tenAthI para evA koI anyanI apekSA rAkhe che. prakRti jo Object che to teno koI subject paNa hovo joIe ane te subject che puruSa. puruSa prakRtithI viparita che. te caitanya che, nirguNa che, vivekI che. prakRti prasavadharmI che, puruSa aprasavadharmI che. prakRti pariNamanazIla che, to puruSa avikArI eTale ke kuTastha che. te nitya ane ane zuddha caitanya che. te kevaLa te ja che. sarva vizeSaNothI rahita. nyAyavaizeSikamAM AtmAmAM dharma, adharma vagere guNo kalpavAmAM AvyA che. paNa sAMkhano puruSa nirguNa che. prakRtithI bhinna evA puruSanA astitvane siddha karavA sA.kA.17mAM pAMca dalIlo ApavAmAM AvI che. saMghAta (samUha)nI racanA itara mATe hoya che. triguNAtmaka prakRtithI bhinna evuM koI nirguNa tattva hovuM joIe. adhiSThAna hovAthI bhogyathI bhinna evo bhoktA hovAthI ane kaivalya mATe pravRtti thatI hovAthI - prakRtithI bhinna evo puruSa avazya paraMtu puruSa eka nathI, aneka che. sarve puruSo anaMta che, avikArI che, sarvavyApI ane nitya che : puruSa bahutvanA samarthanamAM 18mI sAM.kA. nIcenI traNa dalIlo Ape

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bhAratIya darzanomAM pariNAmavAda 21 che. (1) janma-maraNa, jJAna vagerenI bAbatomAM bhinna bhinna vyaktio vacce taphAvata hoya che. (2) sarva prANIonI pravRttio ekI samaye eka sarakhI hotI nathI ane (3) pratyeka dehadhArI jIvamAM traNeya guNonI bhinna bhinna vyavasthA dekhAya che. sAMkhyanA A puruSa bahutvavAdanI maryAdAo prAcIna ane arvAcIna aneka vidvAnoe darzAvI tenI TIkA karI che. jemake eka puruSathI bIjA puruSane juduM pADatuM bhedaka tattva ahIM che ja nahIM. puruSa zuddha caitanya che. aneka puruSo hoya to paNa caitanya to eka ja che. tethI tArkika dRSTie puruSa bahatvano siddhAMta TakI zake nahIM. janma-maraNa vagere puruSane saMbhave nahi. te to jIvaMta zarIranA hoya ane nAnAtvane upAdhi rUpa gaNIe to pachI vedAntamAM nirUpita ekAtmavAdane ja svIkAravo paDe vagere. sAMgAcAryoe AvA AkSeponuM khaMDana paNa karyuM che. Ama to nyAyavaizeSika ane jainadarzanomAM paNa aneka AtmAonuM pratipAdana thayuM paNa che. paraMtu tyAM AtmAne guNothI yukta mAnavAmAM Avyo che. tyAre sAMkhano puruSa nirguNa ane avikArI che. tethI tene puruSabahutane siddha karavAmAM bhAre virodhano sAmano karavo paDyo che. paraMtu atre carcA aprastuta che. ApaNe mAtra pariNamanA saMdarbhamAM ja teno vicAra karIe. A pUrve be anya muddAo paNa noMdhI laIe. sAMkhyadarzana puruSabahutvanuM pratipAdana kare che. paraMtu prakRtine to eka ja mAne che. puruSabhede prakRtibheda nathI. jo pratipuruSa prakRti paNa alaga alaga hoya to "prakRtine parimita kahevI paDe. tene parimita mAnatA eka samaya evo Avaze ke jyAre sRSTinuM sarjana karatAM karatAM te niHzeSa banI jaze, kAraNa ke parimita padArtha anantakALa vastune utpanna karyA kare te zakya nathI. mULa prakRti niHzeSa banatAM saMsAranA ucchedano prasaMga Avaze. tethI prakRtine parimita gaNI zakAya nahi ane eTale ja tene pratipuruSa bhinna mAnavI na joIe. vaLI pratipuruSa bhinna mULa prakRti mAnatAM tenA vibhinna staro svIkAravA paDe. jo mULa prakRtimAM Avo zreNIbheda karIe to anavasthA doSa Ave, pariNAme ukelI na zakAya evI jaTila samasyA khaDI thAya ane jagatanI mUlAdhAra mUla prakRtinuM astitva ja apramANita thaI jAya."29 eTale mULa prakRti to eka ja che ane te avyakta che. paraMtu temAMthI Avirbhata thatI vyakta prakRtio aneka che.

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bhAratIya darzanomAM pariNAmavAda sattvAdi pratyeka guNa aneka che. tethI mahatuthI mAMDIne mahAbhUto paNa aneka che. te sahuno mUlAdhAra avyakta mULa prakRti che ane te tattvo prakRtinA sAmarthyathI potAnuM kArya kare che ane prati puruSa mATe alaga alaga sRSTi utpanna kare che. A pratipuruSa mATenI sRSTi Ama vaiyaktika che. paraMtu A vaiyaktika aneka sRSTio uparAMta vaizvika sRSTinuM pratipAdana kare che kema te eka prazna che. A saMdarbhamAM 39mI sA.kA. thoDo prakAza pheke che : sUkSmA mAtApitRjAH saha prabhRtaistridhA vizeSAH syuH / sUkSmAsteSAM niyatA mAtApitRjA nivartante // vizeSo arthAtu pAMca bhUto traNa prakAranA che : (1) sUkSma zarIro, (2) mAtApitAthI utpanna thayela zarIro ane (3) mahAbhUto. te paikI sUkSma zarIro niyata (niyamathI amuka samaya sudhI rahenArAM) che ane mAtApitAthI utpanna thayela zarIro (mRtyu samaye) nAza pAme che. Ano sUcitArtha e che ke puruSanI sRSTi eTale tenA sUkSma zarIra sAthenuM sthaLa zarIra ane sAthe sAthe tenA upabhoga mATenI mahAbhUtonI sRSTi. have A mahAbhUtonI sRSTi eTale ke jagata paNa pratipuruSa bhinna hoya to ekIsAthe aneka jagata mAnavA paDe ane to pachI sarvane sAmAnyapaNe ekasarakhI sRSTine kevaLa mAnasika mAnavI paDe. joke vAcaspati sAM.ta.ka.mAM prakRtaiiH ne spaSTa karatAM jaNAve che ke prakRni mahanti bhUtAna ane mahApUvava va paTalInAM niveza: vaTAvInAM mAM madra dvArA sarva sthULa bhautika padArtho samAviSTa che ane ema eka rIte vaizvika sRSTinuM paNa sUcana che, ema kadAca tAravI zakAya. Ama chatAM sAMkhyagraMthomAM A prazna vaNacarcAyelo rahyo che. mAtra purANo vageremAM Izvara sarjita vaizvika sRSTinA varNano jovA maLe che. bIjo mahattvano muddo e che ke prakRtimAM pariNamana zI rIte thayuM ? tenI prakriyA ahIM supere samajAvI che, paNa A pariNamana dvArA sRSTinuM sarjana zA mATe eTale ke kayA prayojanathI thayuM ? sAMkhya A praznano uttara Ape che ke e sarjana puruSanA bhoga ane apavarga (mokSa) mATe thayuM che. paraMtu puruSa to asaMga ane apariNAmI che. te kartA ke bhoktA paNa nathI. tethI tene baMdhana paNa nathI. tethI tenA upabhoga ke apavargano prazna ja nathI. Avo AkSepa paNa karI zakAya ane te thayo paNa che. sAMkhyAcAryo te AkSepanuM samAdhAna karatAM kahe che ke puruSanA sannidhAnathI cittanuM pratibiMba buddhimAM paDe che ane tenA kAraNe buddhivRtti cetanamAM pariName che. puruSa akartA che, paraMtu prakRtimAM

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bhAratIya darzanomAM pariNAmavAda 23 (buddhimAM) pratibiMba pADavAnI yogyatAne lIdhe te paNa jJAtA ke bhoktA hoya tema lAge che.30 A mata vAcaspatino che. paraMtu tenAthI puruSa kevI rIte bhoktA bane te samajAvI zakAtuM nathI. kAraNa ke tenuM pratibiMba paDe che - temAM nahi. AthI vijJAna bhikSa dvividha chAyApatino siddhAMta rajU kare che. te pramANe puruSanI chAyA jyAre buddhimAM paDe che, tyAre buddhinI ane tenA dvArA prakRtinI chAyA paNa puruSamAM paDe che. tethI buddhi jema caitanyano anubhava karatI lAge che, tema puruSa paNa bhoktA vagere hoya tema lAge che arthAt bhoga ane temAMthI mokSa e baMne puruSamAM adhyAropita ja che. jJAna ane viveka (ke yoga)thI A adhyAropanI nivRtti thatAM puruSa tenA vizuddha svarUpe prakAze che ane prakRti paNa have te puruSa sAme AvatI nathI. have ApaNe acetana evI prakRtimAM pariNamana zI rIte zakya bane te viSe sAMkhyano mata joIe. avyakta evI prakRtinI traNeya guNonI sAmyAvasthAmAM to sargavyApAra thato nathI. paraMtu jyAre guNomAM kSobha thAya che, tyAre temAMthI kramazaH trevIsa tattvono AvirbhAva thAya che. paraMtu A sAmyAvasthAmAM kSobha thayo zI rIte ? temAM pariNamana kaI rIte zakya banyuM ? jo A pariNamana koI kSobha vinA ja - svataMtra rIte ja thayuM hoya to te haMmeza rahevuM joIe. sAmyAvasthA kadI AvavI ja na joIe ane ema hoya to pachI avyaktanuM astitva paNa na rahe. paraMtu ema nathI. prakRtinuM pariNamana kSobhathI thAya che ane e kSobha prApta thAya che caitanya evA puruSanI sannidhithI. puruSa akartA ane tethI niSkriya hoI svayaM A kSobha karato nathI, te to sAkSImAtra che. tema chatAM tenA sAmIpya mAtrathI prakRti jANe ke cetana banI hoya tema vartavA lAge che. tamArUtsaMyotine vetanAva tim | (sAM.kA.20) paraMtu puruSanuM sAmIpya ja mAtra jaDane cetana kevI rIte banAvI zake? A samasyAnuM samAdhAna ApaNe upara joyuM tema vAcaspati ane vijJAna bhikSu puruSanI chAyA buddhimAM ane buddhi-prakRtinI chAyA puruSamAM paDavAthI A zakya bane che, ema Ape che. paraMtu pratibiMba biMbane sakriya karI zake nahIM. eTale kSobha zakya na bane. acetana ane cetana nitAMta bhinna che ema sAMkhe svIkAryA pachI acetanamAM cetanano eka paNa kaNa bhaLyA vinA gatinI kalpanA karavAmAM virodhAbhAsa jaNAya che. paraMtu sAMkhya mAne che ke acetanamAM cetananI sannidhithI gati na ja saMbhave ema nathI. bhoja kahe che ke jema cuMbakanA sAnnidhyathI lokhaMDamAM gati Ave che, tema puruSanA

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24 bhAratIya darzanomAM pariNAmavAda sAmIpyathI paNa prakRtimAM gati Ave che ane jo ke prakRti potAnA A pariNamanA kAraNathI ajJa che, to paNa te puruSanA bhoga ane apavarga mATe kAryarata thAya che.32 sA.kA.57mAM acetana prakRtinI pravRtti mATe vAcharaDAnI vRddhi mATe gAyanA AMcaLamAMthI svataH vahetA dUdhanuM dRSTAMta ApyuM che - jema vAcharaDAnI vRddhi mATe acetana dUdha vahe che, tema puruSanA mokSa mATe pradhAna (prakRti)nI pravRtti thAya che. (joke zrImad zaMkarAcArya A daSTAMtanI TIkA karI acetananI svayaMbhU pravRttinuM khaMDana kare che. bra.sUra2-9) paraMtu ahIM prakRtinA prayojananA saMdarbhe A daSTAMta samajI zakAya tema che. puruSanA bhoga ane apavarganA uddezathI prakRti pravRtti kare che, evo bhAvArtha laI zakAya.) - puruSanA mAtra sAnnidhyathI ja jaDa pravRtti gatizIla kema banI zake, te mATe sAMgAcAryoe Apela spaSTatAo ke daSTAMto saMpUrNa saMtoSakAraka na paNa hoya. kadAca eTale ja pachIthI sezvara sAMkhya pravartita thayuM haze ke pachI upaniSadanA brahmapariNamanavAdamAM paNa A samasyAnuM nirAkaraNa joI zakAya. paraMtu sA.kA.mAM AvuM koI samAdhAna zakya nathI. bahu bahu to ema kahI zakAya ke puruSanI sattAmAM ja evI koI nihita zakti (Potential) che ke je pote hoIne (Being) prakRttine havAmAMthI (Beingness) banavA (Becomingness) mAM prere che. upasaMhAraH ApaNA pratyakSa anubhavamAM AvatA jagata ane tenA vividha padArthonA sarjana ane tenI prakriyA darzAvavAmAM sAMkhyadarzanano abhigama buddhigamya ane kaMIka aMze vaijJAnika rahyo che. tethI padArthamImAMsA (ontology) nA kSetramAM saMzodhana karanArAone sAMkhyano pariNAmavAda mahattvanI bhUmikA pUrI pADe che, tema lAge che. potAnA sahayogI yogadarzananI sAthe maLIne te cittavRttionA badalAtA AyAmono manovaijJAnika AdhAra banI zakavAnI paNa kSamatA dharAve che. paraMtu cAvakanA apavAda sivAya pratyeka bhAratIya darzananuM mukhya lakSya to saMsAranA prANIonI saMpUrNa duHkhamukti ane svanI sAcI oLakha tarapha dorI javAnuM ja rahyuM che. tadanusAra sAMkhyadarzana paNa paLepaLe palaTAtA padArtho ane mananA bhAvonA mULa sudhI jaI, tenI kSaNikatAne samajI rAga-dveSAdi klezonI upara uThI AtmasmRti (Self remembering) dvArA svarUpamAM sthira thavAnuM ja lakSya tAke che ane te paNa mahadaMze vivekapUta buddhithI zakya banAve che - e ja arvAcIna jagatane pramANamAM prAcIna sAMkhyanuM pradAna che.

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bhAratIya darzanomAM pariNAmavAda 25 noMdha: (1) sAMkhyadarzana 1. bhAratIya darzanano ItihAsa ApatA tathA sAMkhyadarzanano paricaya karAvatA - sarvazrI dAsaguptA, siMhA, rAdhAkRSNana, udayavIra zAstrI, animA senaguptA Adi vidvAnonA graMthomAM A vigato supere raju thaI che. The Rigveda and the Atharvaveda not only contain hymns in the praise of different nature gods, but they also contain atleast some hymns where the notion of universal being seems to have been definitely reached. Indian Idealism, Das Gupta. Here germs are to be found of two of the main ideas of classical Samkhya, the absorption of the inferior principles (aras) into the superior ones and the emanation from them and the existence of the individual, which accompanies the soul, so long as it revolves on the wheel of transmigration. - Johnston - Early Samkhya, p.81 To say that Samkhya is a reaction against the idealistic monism of the Upanisada is to ignore both. The diversited character of the Upanisadic teaching and the history of the Samkhya doctrine itself which in its preclassical stages seems to have considerable affinities with Upanisadic doctrine. The view that knowledge is the means to final release (or rather a final release) seems certainly to be the heritage from the Upanisads. - Suryanarayan Sastri S.K., pp. iii-iv bhUmirApo'nalo vAyuH evaM mano buddhireva ca / ahaGkAra itIyaM me bhinnA prakRtiraSTadhA // apareyamitastvanyAM prakRtiM viddhi me parAm / jIvabhUtAM mahAbAho yayedaM dhAryate jagat // 7-4,5 / / lokamAnya tilake A aSTadhA evI parA ane jIvabhUtA evI aparA prakRtino sAMkhyanA pacIsa tattvo sAthe samanvaya sAdhI Apyo che. gItA rahasya, prakaraNa-7 Anima Sengupta, Evolution of the Samkhya School of thought, p. 116. The Samkhya-Yoga and the Jain Theories of Parinam, pp.18-21 yasya guNAntareSvapi prAdurbhavatsu tattvaM na vihanyate tad dravyam / kiM punastattvam tadbhAvastattvam / tadyathA AmalakAdInAM phalAnAM raktAdayaH pItAdayazca guNAH prAdurbhavanti AmalakaM badaramityeva bhavati / pA.sU.pa-1-119 paranuM bhASya.

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bhAratIya darzanomAM pariNAmavAda 8. dhruvaM kUTasthamavicAlyanApAyojanAvikAryanutpatyavRddhayavyayayogi / ... tadapi nityaM yasmistattvaM na vinyate | pA.sU.1-1-152 paranuM bhASya. 10. sara ni:saMtAsatta, ni:sa, nirasa, avya nikuM pradhAnam aa vyAsa mA.yo.phU. 2-7 sA.kA.15-16 12. rAmakRSNa puliMganDala dvArA emanA pustaka Fundamentals of Indian Philosophy mAM udbhUta pR.124. 13. bhikSunA mate sAtvika ahaMkAramAMthI mAtra mana utpanna thAya che; tAmas ahaMkAramAMthI tanmAtrAo utpanna thAya che ane rAjas ahaMkAramAMthI daza indriyo utpanna thAya che. juo sAM.sU.2-18 paranuM bhASya. 14. AkAzane paNa ahIM utpanna ke Avirbhata thayeluM mAnyuM che, paNa AkAza to sarvavyApI che. tethI tenI utpatti mAnavAmAM bAdhA Avaze. sAMgAcAryo A asaMgati spaSTa karavA prayAsa kare che. paraMtu te mATe kALa ane dipha (Time and space) viSeno temano mata samajI levI jarUrI che. sAMkhyasUtra 2-12 anusAra dipha ane kALano AdhAra AkAza che. AkAzano judI judI upAdhio sAthe saMyoga thatAM dipha ane kALa utpanna thAya che arthAt sUrya vagerenI kriyAthI upalakSita AkAza ja dipha ane kALa kahevAya che. paraMtu yuktidIpikA ane sAMkhyatattva kaumudimAM kALanuM svataMtra astitva svIkArAyuM nathI. vAcaspati lakhe che ke atIta vagere bhedonI upapatti mATe upAdhiono Azaro levo paDato hoya to upAdhione ja kALa gaNavI yogya che. kALa nAmanA judA tattvanI jarUra ja kyAM che. (tamAkunA vAlena) ane dipha to sApekSa tathA buddhikalpita ja che. vizeSa mATe juo sAMkhyayoga, nagIna zAha, adhyayana-12) Ama dipha-kALanA saMdarbhamAM AkAzatattvane samajAvI zakAya tema nathI. bhikSu ema spaSTatA kare che ke AkAza be prakAranuM che - eka nirAkAra AkAza. je prakRtinA tamasa guNarUpe rahelI urjA che. tene kAraNAkAza kahIe. A kAraNAkAza pachI anya guNo sAthe maLI anya bhUtonI jema zabda tanmAtrAmAMthI chULa AkAza nAmanuM mahAbhUta utpanna kare che. te AkAzI aNuono samuccaya che. (yogavArtika 3-40). paNa A matane anya sAMkhyAcAryoe anumodyo hoya tema lAgatuM nathI. paNa bhikSu vAyunA prasaraNa mATenA mAdhyama tarIke AkAzano ullekha kare che. te dRSTie ApaNe jene Ether kahIe chIe tevo bhAva abhipreta haze ema mAnIe. vaizeSikoe to AkAzane zabdanuM kAraNa gaNI tene nitya dravya mAnyuM che te paNa noMdhavuM joIe. 15. juo sAMkhyakArikA, jeTalI ane parIkha abhyAsa noMdha. pR.113. 16. juo : yadyapi thavyAvInAmapi vaTavRkSAro vivArA: . tathApi na thavyAvigatattvAtaram |

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bhAratIya darzanomAM pariNAmavAda 27. tattvAntaropAdAnatvaM ca prakRti tattvamihAbhipretamiti na doSaH, sarveSAM goghaTAdInAM sthUlatendriyagrAhyatayA ca sameti na tattvAntaratvam / (sAM.ta.kau. sAM.kA. 3) 17. guNazabdaH puruSopakaraNatvAt puruSapazubandhaka triguNAtmakamahadAdirajju nirmAtRtvAcca prayujyate / sAM.pra.bhA.161 18. guNAnAM paramaM rUpaM na dRSTipathamicchati / yoga bhA. 4-13 jIvana zodhana - sAMkhyadarzana prakaraNa. 20. sai.1. 12-13 tathA temanA 52 sai.d.DI. sattvAditrayamapi vyaktibhedAdanantam / sAM.pra.bhA. 1-127 avasthitasya dharmiNaH pUrvadharmatirobhAve dharmAntaraprAdurbhAvasyaiva dharmapariNAmatvamiti bhAvaH / yogavA. 3 13 23. yo mA.3-13 24. asataH saJjiAyate iti / ekasya sato vivartaH kAryajAtaM na vastu ityapare / anye tu sato 'saJjAyate iti sataH saJjAyate iti vRddhAH // sAM.tattva.kau.9 25. A saMdarbhe vAcaspati niceno zloka uddhata kare che : asattve nAsti sambandhaH kAraNaiH sattvasaGgibhiH / asambaddhasya cotpattimicchato na vyavasthitiH // 9 // 26. yo .4-3 tathA sa2 sarveSAM nimittakAraNAnAM svatantratAyAH prakRteH pariNAmeSu prati pratibandhanivartakamAtrAvagamAt / yogavA. 3-14 27. dezakAlAkAranimittopabandhAt / yogabhA.-314 dRSTAMta bhATe humo tenA 52nI tatva vai. 26. Samkhya System, p.73 28. nagAna zAs - saaNdhyyo| pR.88 30. pAyaspati tatva vaizA. (yo...1-4) 31. ato'rthoparaktavRttipratibimbAvaJchinaM svarUpacaitanyameva bhAnaM puruSasya bhogaH / sAM.pra.bhA.109 tathA yathA ca citi buddheH pratibimbamevaM buddhAvapi citpratibimbaM svIkAryamanyathA caitanyasya bhAnAnupatteH svayaM sAkSAt svadarzane karmakartRvirodhena buddhyArUDhatayaivAtmano ghaTAdivat jJeyatvAbhyugamAt / - yogavArtika, 1-4

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28 bhAratIya darzanomAM pariNAmavAda 32. bhojavRtti, yogasU.4 22 ane 2-23 33. juo sAMsU, 2-37 dhenuvam vatsAya ! uparAMta sAMsU, 3-59nA bhASyamAM vibhi. lakhe che ke yathA kSIra puruSaprayatnarapekzana svayameva dadhirUpeNa pariNamate evamacetanatve'pi paraprayatnavinApi mahadAdirUpapariNAmaH pradhAnasya bhavatItyarthaH / | | |

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" (2) nyAyavaizeSika, bauddha ane jainadarzano nyAya-vaizeSika darzana : vizvanA anekavidha padArthomAM prAyaH utpatti ane vinAzanI prakriyA cAlatI rahe che. A padArtho kaI rIte utpanna thayA e darzanazAstrono mahattvano viSaya banI rahyo che. madhvAcAryanA sarvadarzanasaMgrahamAM A saMdarbhamAM cAra mata ApavAmAM AvyA che. (1) asat evA kAraNamAMthI satuM evuM kArya janme che, ema bauddho mAne che. (2) sata evA kAraNamAMthI asat evuM kArya janme che tevo naiyAyikono mata che. (3) vedAntIo mAtra kAraNa ja sat che ane kArya to mAtra teno vivarta che tevo mata darzAve che tathA (4) sAMkhyadarzana kAraNane paNa sat ane kAryane paNa sat mAne che.' asatu evA kAraNamAMthI sat janme che. e nyAya-vaizeSikanA matane asatkAryavAda kahe che ane Ama teno sAMkhyanA satkAryavAda sAthe virodha che. nyAyadarzana ane vaizeSika darzana banne svataMtra darzano che, paraMtu tattvonI mImAMsAmAM banne vacce koI pAyAno bheda nathI. vaizeSika darzana mukhyatve padArthamImAMsA kare che, tyAre nyAyadarzana eno svIkAra karI mukhyatve pramANamImAMsA kare che. baMne darzanonuM sAhitya paNa sAMkhyadarzananA upalabdha sAhitya karatAM pramANamAM vizALa che. nyAyaparaMparAno pradhAna graMtha gautama racita nyAyasUtra che. tenA para vAtsyAyananuM bhASya paNa mahattvano graMtha che. A uparAMta udyotakara, vAcaspati, udayana, jayaMta bhaTTa Adi paNa prasiddha nyAyAcAryonA graMtho mahattvanA che. te ja rIte vaizeSika darzanano pramANagraMtha te maharSi kaNAda racita vaizeSikasUtra che. te pachI prazastapAdanuM bhASya ane tenA para vyomAcAryanI vyomavatI, zrIdharAcAryanI nyAyakaMdalI, udayanAcAryanI kiraNAvalI ane hAla anupalabdha evI zrIvatsa racita lIlAvatI TIkA - e cAra TIkAo racAI che. paMdaramI sadImAM zaMkaramizra vai.s. paNa upaskAra nAme lakheluM vivaraNa paNa noMdhapAtra che. nyAyanA aMtima tabakkAmAM

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do bhAratIya darzanomAM pariNAmavAda navya nyAyano yuga Ave che. navya nyAyano AdhAra graMtha tattvaciMtAmaNi che. tenA kartA baMgALanA prakAMDa paMDita gaMgezopAdhyAya che. te graMtha paranI paNa keTalIka mahattvanI TIkAo racAI che. A uparAMta nyAya ane vaizeSika e baMne darzanono samanvaya karatAM keTalAka graMtho lakhAyA che. temAM zivAdityanI saptapadArtho, laugAkSa bhAskaranI tarkakaumudI, jagadIza racita tarnAmRta vagere graMtho che. paraMtu vizvanAtha kRta bhASApariccheda ane tenA para pote ja lakhela siddhAnta muktAvalI, uparAMta kezavamizranI tarkabhASA ane annabhaTTa racita tarkasaMgraha temaja tenA para temanI ja dIpikA TIkA vizeSa lokapriya banelA graMtho che. nyAya ane vaizeSika Ama samAna taMtrI darzano che, tethI temano nyAya-vaizeSika darzana ema ullekha karAya che. nyAya-vaizeSika darzanamAM je kAMI vidyamAna che, tenuM padArthomAM vargIkaraNa karI pachI pratyekano vigatavAra abhyAsa karavAnI vizleSaNAtmaka (Analytical) paddhati svIkArI che. nyAyanA soLa padArtho che, to vaizeSikonA sAta. nyAyadarzanamAM padArthanA svarUpanI yathArthatA darzAvatA pramANa tarapha vizeSa dhyAna apAyuM che. tyAre vaizeSikoe padArthanA svarUpanI ja tAttvika mImAMsA karI che.' Ama, baMne darzanonA sAhityano ane tenA mukhya viSayono prAraMbhika paricaya karyA pachI have ApaNe temAM pariNamana aMge zo vicAra thayo che ane teo padArthanI utpatti vize kayA mata dharAve che, te joIe. nyAya-vaizeSika darzana padArthone vAstavika mAne che. Ama eka rIte te bAhyArthavAdI che. baMne darzanomAM padArthonI saMkhyA judI judI che. paNa pachInA AcAyoe e baMneno samanvaya karI nyAyanA soLamAM vaizeSikonA sAta ane vaizeSikonA sAtamAM nyAyanA soLa padArthone samAvI levAno prayAsa karyo che. tethI ApaNA prastuta viSayanA saMdarbhamAM vaizeSikonA sAta padArtho para ja ApaNe dhyAna ApIzuM. kaNAde cha bhAva padArtho darzAvyA che. (1) dravya, (2) guNa, (3) karma, (4) sAmAnya, (5) vizeSa ane (6) samavAya. pachInA vaizeSikoe abhAva nAmano sAtamo padArtha paNa svIkAryo che. ahIM e noMdhavuM joIe ke kaNAda muni "artha' zabda vaDe dravya, guNa ane karma e traNa vastuono ja ullekha kare che. sAmAnya ane vizeSa e be temanA mate kalpita padArtho che. temaNe samavAyano ullekha paNa mAtra kAryakAraNanA saMbaMdhanI samajUtI pUrato ja karyo che. paravartI AcAryoe ja A traNa vize ghaNI vyApaka carcA karI che.

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bhAratIya darzanomAM pariNAmavAda 31 ApaNane je jagata indriyagamya che, te mukhyatve dravyanA ane gauNa aMze guNonA saMdarbhamAM ja pratIta thAya che. vaizeSiko nava dravyo svIkAre che. pRthivI, jala, teja, vAyu, AkAza, diku, kALa AtmA ane mana. A navamAMthI prathama cAra dravyo bhautika dravya che ane bAhya sRSTinA sarjanamAM temanuM ja mukhyatve yogadAna che. A sthULa jagata pRthvIjala-teja ane vAyunuM pariNAma che. je sthULa dravyo dekhAya che, te pratyekanI saMracanAmAM tenA kAraNabhUta ghaTako rahelA che ane te ghaTako te avayavo che. A avayavomAM eka viziSTa saMbaMdhathI avayavI utpanna thAya che. A viziSTa saMbaMdha te samavAya che. avayavonA paNa avayavo saMbhave che ane ema karatAM chevaTe evo tabbako Ave che ke have AgaLa vibhAjana zakya nathI. A aMtima ghaTakane paramANu kahevAmAM Ave che. (to nALIyAnuM na paramANu:) A rIte sRSTinA AraMbhakALe pRthvInA paramANuo, jaLanA paramANuo, tejanA paramANuo tathA vAyunA paramANuo hatA. A paramANuomAM jIvAtmAnA adaSTanA AdhAre IzvaranI icchAthI gati AvI, kAraNa ke paramANuo acetana hoI, temAM svayaMbhU gati saMbhave nahi. gatinA kAraNe be paramANuono saMyoga thayo ane taNukanI racanA thaI. traNa taNukono eka caNuka banyo ane ema AgaLa vadhatA sthaLa pRthivI vagere cAra dravyo astitvamAM AvyAM. paramANu nitya che, tenuM parimANa alpatama che. temAM aNutva hoya che. kayaNukanuM parimANa hrasva, caNakanuM mahat ane caturaNuka vagerenuM dIrgha hoya che. paramANu ane kayaNuka sUkSma hoI sAmAnya rIte joI zakAtA nathI. trasaraNa joI zakAya che. jALImAMthI AvatA sUryakiraNomAM tarato rajakaNa jevaDo trasareNu hoya che.' paramANuonA saMyojanathI jagatanuM sarjana ane vibhAjanathI visarjana kevI rIte thAya che, tenuM savistara varNana prazastapAda bhASya ane kaMdalI vageremAM jovA maLe che. paramANu, kayaNuka, trasareNu, caturaNuka ane mahad Adi cAra dravyo - ema sarjanano krama hoya che. A ja rIte pralayakALe visarjanano krama paNa samajAvavAmAM Avyo che. paNa A rIte thatAM sarjana vize nyAya-vaizeSikono Agavo mata che. teo mAne che ke kayaNukathI mAMDavIne pRthivI vagerenA sthULa padArtho navesara ja utpanna thAya che. teo utpatti pUrve hatA ja nahIM, asat hatA. teo temanA kAraNadravyomAM paNa na hatA. teo AgavI rIte ja utpanna thAya che. temanI navI ja utpatti thaI che. temano AraMbha thayo che. A matane asatkAryavAda kahe che. prakArAntare tene AraMbhavAda paNa kahe che. paM.sukhalAlajI AraMbhavAdanI lAkSaNikatA A pramANe darzAve che : (1) paraspara bhinna evAM anaMtamULa kAraNono svIkAra. (2) kArya ane kAraNono Atmattika bheda. (3)

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32 bhAratIya darzanomAM pariNAmavAda kAraNa nitya hoya ke anitya, paNa kAryotpattimAM tenuM apariNAmI rUpe rahevuM. (4) apUrva arthAt utpatti pahelAM asat kAryanI utpatti yA alpakAlIna sattA. Ama kAraNa potAno jarA jeTalo aMza paNa kAryamAM saMkrAnta karatuM nathI. banne saMpUrNapaNe bhinna che. taMtuo taMtuo ja che ane paTa (vastra) paTa ja che. vyavahAramAM paNa ema ja jovA maLe che. paTano upayoga - paheravA-pAtharavA vageremAM thAya che. taMtuono evo upayoga thato nathI. jo kAraNa ane kArya vacce abheda hoya to pachI kAryathI pAra paDatA tamAma hetuo kAraNathI paNa pAra paDavA joIe, paNa tema nathI thatuM. AthI kAraNa ane kArya ekabIjAthI judA ja che. koI zaMkA kare ke jo Ama ja hoya, eTale ke kAryane kAraNa sAthe koI ja saMbaMdha na hoya to pachI kArya mATe amuka kAraNa evA zabdaprayogano artha ja zo che? teno uttara ApatA naiyAyiko kahe che ke saMbaMdha che - paNa viziSTa prakArano. tene ame samavAya kahIe chIe ane e samayavAyanA pratApe kArya kAraNamAM utpanna thAya che, nahi ke kAraNamAMthI. samavAya saMbaMdhathI utpanna thaeluM kArya kAraNamAM paNa e ja saMbaMdhathI rahe che. paNa A samavAya che zuM? nyAya-vaizeSiko kahe che ke A samavAya eka viziSTa prakArano saMbaMdha che. be svataMtra vastuonA temaja svataMtra rIte chUTI paDIne paNa rahI zake temanA saMbaMdhane saMyoga kahe che. paNa tenAthI judo A samavAya saMbaMdha evo che ke jemAM eka vastu bIjI vastu sAthe e nAza na pAme tyAM sudhI joDAelI ja rahe che. A samavAya saMbaMdhane tethI ayutasiddha saMbaMdha kahe che. Ama samavAyanI yukti (Technique) thI nyAya-vaizeSikoe asat kAryavAdano bacAva karyo ane vyavahAra vagerene AgaLa dharI sAMkhonA satkAryavAdanuM khaMDana paNa karyuM. satkAryavAdanuM khaMDana karavAmAM bauddhono sAtha paNa temane maLyo. jemake bauddha dArzanika kamalazIla kahe che ke "enuM e ja tattva anya tattva banI zake nahi. kAraNa ke ema thavAno artha e thayo ke tyAM eka navA ja svabhAvanI utpatti thaI che." (arthAt bhinna svabhAvavALuM navuM ja tattva utpanna thayuM che.) have prazna e che ke tattvanuM anyathArUpe thavuM eTale zuM te astitva dharAvatA (mULa) tattvathI bhinna che ke tenuM te ja rahe che ? te tenuM te ja rahe che ema kahI zakAya tema nathI. kAraNa ke tenuM mULa kAraNa paNa potAnA kAraNanuM kArya che. jo bhinna che to tamArA matamAM satkAryavAda pakSamAM) to zakya ja nathI. kAraNa ke tyAM to vartamAna tattva potAnA mULa svabhAva ke sattvane akabaMdha rAkhe che. eTale te anyathA banI ja na zake.

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bhAratIya darzanomAM pariNAmavAda 33 sAMkhya A prakAranA AkSepanuM nirAkaraNa kare che ke satkAryavAdamAM kAraNanuM pariNamana kAryamAM thAya che, paNa kAraNanuM sattva ane kAryanuM sattva to enuM e ja rahe che. jo ahIM zaMkA karo ke jyAre sattva (Essence) mAM bheda ja nathI, to pachI pariNamanano artha ja zo che ? vyAsabhASya enA uttaramAM kahe che ke ahIM pariNamana dvArA bhAvAnyathAtva eTale saMsthAna arthAt saMracanAmAM ja pheraphAra thAya che. mULa dravyamAM parivartana thatuM nathI. dharmImAM pariNamana nathI, dharmamAM che ane te paNa dharmI ane dharma vacce tAttvika abheda rAkhIne ja che. jema suvarNanA pAtrane gALI tenuM kaMkaNa vageremAM rUpAMtara karavAmAM Ave che. ahIM mULa suvarNatva to samAna ja che, tema ja ahIM kAraNa ane kAryano abheda sahitano ja pheraphAra che.* paraMtu nyAya-vaizeSikano pAyAno prazna to ubho ja che ke mULa tattvamAM parivartana AvyA vinA tenA svarUpamAM parivartana zI rIte saMbhave ? evuM parivartana asatuM hoya athavA to jo te sat hoya to mULa tattvamAM paNa parivartana thAya che tema mAnavuM paDe. Ama hovA chatAM kArya kAraNathI taddana bhinna che ane utpatti pUrve teno saMpUrNa abhAva ja hato ema mAnavAmAM to zUnyamAMthI sarjana thayuM ema svIkAravuM paDe. to pachI kAraNanI jarUra kyAM rahe? game te vastu ema ja utpanna thaI zake. tenA bacAvamAM nyAyavaizeSika ema kahe ke amuka kAraNo amuka vastunI utpatti mATe eka nizcita bhUmikA pUrI pADe che. A kAraNo traNa che : samavAya, asamavAya ane sahakArI. jemAM samavAya saMbaMdhathI kArya utpanna thAya te samavAya kAraNa. je samavAyi kAraNamAM rahIne kAryotpAdanamAM samartha bane te asamavAya kAraNa. e rIte taMtuo paTanuM samavAdhikAraNa che. jayAre taMtuono amuka prakArano saMyoga te paTanuM asamavAyikAraNa che. A banne sivAyanA jarUrI kAraNo te sahakArI ke nimitta kAraNo che. jemake zALa-kAMThalo vagere paTotpattimAM AvA kAraNo che. paraMtu jo kArya kAraNathI taddana bhinna hoya ane kAraNanuM sattva tenAmAM saMkrAnta ja thatuM na hoya to kAraNa kAryotpAdanamAM bhUmikA zI rIte pUrI pADI zake ? taMtuo ane paTa potapotAnA raMga, mApa ane vajana paNa akabaMdha rAkhIne rahetA hoya to temanA vacce kAryakAraNa saMbaMdhanI kalpanA kema thaI zake ? vaLI nyAya-vaize. mata pramANe to paTa taMtuomAM rahe che, taMtuo emanA aMzuomAM rahe che ane ema chevaTe e sahu aNumAM paNa rahe che. Ama ekIsAthe aneka dravyo eka anyAvayavImAM rahe che. A mata sAmAnya buddhine paNa pacAvavo sahelo nathI.

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34 bhAratIya darzanomAM pariNAmavAda eTale nyAya-vaize. aMte to be ja khulAsA para bhAra mUke che. (1) kArya kAraNamAM samavAyathI rahe che. paNa samavAyanuM svarUpa samajavuM paNa saheluM nathI. temanA mate samavAya e saMbaMdha uparAMta eka svataMtra padArtha paNa che, te nitya che, eka che. (ta.sa.) paraMtu anya darzano AvA samavAyano svIkAra karatA nathI tathA tenuM khaMDana kare che.10 nyAya-vaizeSika darzananA paravartI AcAryo samavAyano bacAva karavAmAM khaMDana-maMDananI jaTila ane kyAreka to vicitra lAge tevI dalIlo kare che. te atre aprastuta che. (2) paraMtu potAnA pakSanA bacAvamAM nyAya-vaizeSika eka bIjo khulAso ApI A praznane pUro thaI gaelo mAne che ane te anubhava ane vyavahArano vyavahAramAM ApaNo sAmAnyataH evo anubhava che ke taMtuone ApaNe taMtuo rUpe ja svIkArIe chIe ane vastrane temanAthI sAva juduM ja mAnIe chIe. upayoganI bhinnatAne lIdhe paNa te baMne dravyo judA gaNI cAlIe chIe. vastra pahelA nahotuM, te pachIthI utpanna thayuM che. te taMtuomAM utpanna thayuM che, e sAcuM paNa tattao potAnA sattvane choDIne vastra banyA nathI. eTale vastra eka pUrve nahotuM evuM navuM ja utpAdana che. paraMtu anubhava thoDuM vadhAre paNa darzAve che ke taMtuonI ja amuka prakAre karelI gUMthaNInuM nAma ja vastra che. eTale vastrane taMtuothI taddana bhinna mAnI zakAya nahIM. eTale Ama anubhava ke vyavahArathI paNa asatkAryavAdane saMpUrNa samarthana maLatuM nathI. A sarva carcAno niSkarSa to ema ja nIkaLe ke nyAyadarzanamAM kAraNanuM kAryamAM pariNamana-sAcA arthamAM thatuM ja nathI. kAraNamAM kAryanI utpatti ja thAya che ane te paNa navI ja. dravyanI vAta bAjue mUkIe to kyAreka guNomAM parivartana thatuM lAge. jemake kAcI mATInA ghaDAno nibhADAmAM agnithI pakavavAmAM Ave che, tyAre tenA zyAma raMganuM lAla raMgamAM pariNamana thatuM jovA maLe che. paraMtu nyAya-vaizeSika ahIM paNa parivartana jotAM nathI. pAka ja prakriyAnI eka emanI viziSTa dhAraNA pramANe ahIM paNa pahelAno zyAma raMga prathama nAza pAme che ane pachI ghaTadravyamAM ke tenA mULa aNuomAM lAla raMga utpanna thAya che. sArAMza ke A darzanamAM sAcA arthamAM pariNamanano svIkAra nathI. noMdha: 1. iha kAryakAraNabhAve caturdhA vipratipattiH prasarati / asataH saJjAyata iti saugatAH saMgirante / naiyAyikAdayaH sato'sajjAyata iti / vedAntinaH sato vivartaH kAryajAtaM na tu vastu saditi / sAMkhyAH puna: sataH sannAyata tiA - 4.3.4. samatharzanamAM

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bhAratIya darzanomAM pariNAmavAda 35 3. gull Flel : The sixteen categories (Padarthas) of the Nyaya are the divisions of a treatise on logic. But the seven categories of the Vaisesika are different classes of the object of knowledge. They are ontological categories. His of Ind. Ph. (p. 312) sAmAnyaM vizeSa iti buddhyapekSyam / vai.sU. 1-2-3 ihedamiti yata: kAryakAraNayoH sa samavAyaH / vai.sU. 7-2-26 jalesUryamarIcisthaM yatsUkSmaM dRzyate rajaH / / tasya SaSThatamo bhAga: paramANu sa ucyate // ta.bhA.kau. vagairebha ddhata 5. bhAratIya tattvavidyA, pR.1 na hi sa eva anyathA bhavati svAbhAvAntarotpattilakSaNatvAd anyathAtvasya / tathA hi yat tad anyathAtvaM nAma, tatki bhAvAd arthAntaram Aho svid bhAva eva, na tAvad bhAva eva, tasya svahetoreva pUrva nisspnntvaat| arthAntaraM (ceta), tathA sati bhAvo'cyutidharmA tathaivAvasthita iti na tsyaanythaabhaavH| - tattvasaMgraha paJjikA / G.O.s. Baroda, p. 141 bhAvAnyathAtvaM bhavati na dravyAnyathAtvam, suvarNabhAjanasya bhittvAnyathA kriyamANasyAnyathAtvaM bhavati na suvarNAnyathAtva-miti / yo.sU. 3-13 yatsamavetaM kAryamutpadyate tatsamavAyikAraNam / yathA tantavaH paTasya samavAyikAraNam / yataH tantuSveva paTaH samavetaH jAyate, na turyAdiSu / - yat samavAyikAraNapratyAsannamavadhRtasAmarthya tdsmvaayikaarnnm| yathA tantusaMyogaH pttsyaasmnvaayikaarnnm| ... yanna samavAyikAraNaM nApyasamavAyikAraNamatha ca kAraNaM tannimitakAraNam / yathA vemAdikaM paTasya nimittakAraNam / - d.mA., TeTalI-55, pR. 70-72 . 10. humo prA.sU. vi.bhA. 2-213 11. saMvida eva hi bhagavatI vastUpagame na: zaraNam / - vAca. nyAya.vA.TIkA, 2-1-36 bhUtArthapakSapAto hi buddheH svabhAvaH / sarvadhiyAM yathArthaparicchedakatvasya kuladharmatvAt / - zrIdhara nyAya kaM. kalakattA saM.sA. pR.200

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(3) bauddhadarzana duHkhothI gherAyelA manuSyone emanA duHkhomAMthI mukti apAvavAno upAya zodhI tadanurUpa AcAradharmanuM pratipAdana karavuM e bhagavAna buddhano pradhAna uddeza hato ane e mATe ja temaNe lokonI ja tatkAlIna pAli bhASAmAM upadeza Apyo hato. emanA vacanAM varSo pachI lipibaddha thayA ane e upadeza je graMtharAzimAM thayo te tripiTaka tarIke oLakhAya che. samaya vItavA sAthe A TIkAo para bhASya ane TIkAo tathA upATIkAo temaja anya svataMtra graMthonI paNa racanAono pravAha cAlyo. pAli uparAMta saMskRta bhASAmAM paNa graMtho racAyA. aneka graMthonA tibeTI ane cInI tathA jApAnI bhASAmAM anuvAdo thayA. buddhano upadeza AcAramUlaka ane saraLa hato. paraMtu temAMthI saMketo grahaNa karI pAchaLathI dArzanika mImAMsA karavAnuM paNa zarU thayuM ane bauddhadarzana astitvamAM AvyuM. vasubaMdhu, kumAralAta, nAgArjuna, Aryadeva, buddhapAlita, bhAvaviveka, caMdrakIrti, zAMtideva, maitreya, asaMga, zAMtarakSita, kamalazIla, dinAga, dharmakIrti ane dharmottara Adi prasiddha AcAryoe puSkaLa kheDANa karI bauddhadarzanane samRddha banAvyuM. (A yAdI kALakrama pramANe nathI ane saMpUrNa paNa nathI.) A uparAMta vartamAna samayamAM chellA be saikAomAM bauddhadharma ane darzana upara bhAratanI temaja videzonI aneka bhASAomAM aneka vidvattApUrNa graMtho lakhAyA che. Aje paNa lakhAya che. bhagavAna buddha maulika, svastha ciMtanayukta ane sarvajanane sulabha hoya tevo AcAramUlaka upadeza Apyo. emaNe cAra Arya satyo prabodhyA. (1) sarva kAMI duHkhamaya che, (2) duHkhanuM kAraNa (samudaya) che, (3) duHkhano nirodha zakya che ane (4) te mATeno samyapha aSTAMga mArga che. sarva kAMI duHkhamaya che, tema kahI buddha du:khanI vibhAvanAnA mULa sudhI pahoMce che. duHkhanI janmabhUmi anityatA che. sRSTinA padArtho anitya che. padArthone dharmo tarIke paNa oLakhavAmAM Ave che.

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38 bhAratIya darzanomAM pariNAmavAda anityatA e A dharmono svabhAva che. kAMI ja sthira nathI ke zAzvata nathI. je kAMI pratIta thAya che, te kSaNavAramAM cAlyuM jAya che. jo icchA pramANe vastu maLe ke sthiti prApta thAya ane te sadAkALa rahe tathA teno bhoktA paNa mRtyu na pAme... amara rahe ema hota to to duHkhanI zakyatA ja na raheta. paNa ema nathI. anityatAno anubhava sarva koIne thAya che. ahIM eTalo ullekha paNa karI laIe ke bauddhonA sarvAstivAda pramANe dharma be prakAranA che. (savastivAda eTale bAhya padArthonA astitvano abhyadaya.) saMskRta arthAt hetu ke pratyayajanita dharmo je ekatra thaI vyavahAra kare che. asaMskRta dharmo traNa che - AkAza, pratisaMkhyAnirodha ane apratisaMkhyAnirodha. jo ke AkAzanA svarUpa viSe mata-matAMtara che ane tethI keTalAka bauddha dArzaniko AkAza nAmanA padArthane svIkAratA nathI. pratisaMkhyAnirodha eTale pratisaMkhyA arthAt prajJA vaDe utpanna thato judA judA klezono nirodha temaja pratyayo athavA vRttionA abhAva thayA pachI bhAvonuM adarzana ke tenI apratIti thAya te apratisaMkhyAnirodha che. sAmAnya rIte anityatA vagereno saMdarbha saMskRta dharmono ja hoya che. bauddho jyAre dharmone anitya kahe che, tyAre teno artha kSaNika evo Thare che. ahIM kSaNika ane anitya e vaccenA bhedanI spaSTatA karI laIe; naiyAyiko paNa mAne che ke je vastu utpanna thAya che te nAzavaMta paNa hoya che ane tethI te anitya che. amuka samaye teno nAza thAya che, paraMtu te utpanna thatAM ja nAza nathI pAmatI. eTale te amuka samaya sudhI sthAyI paNa che. bauddho tema mAnatA nathI. temanA mata pramANe to pratyeka padArtha mAtra eka kSaNa sudhI ja Take che ane turata ja nAza pAme che. teo Ama sthAyItvano virodha kare che. A matane kSaNikavAda ke kSaNabhaMgavAda kahe che. bauddho kahe che ke naiyAyiko padArthane amuka kSaNa sudhI sthAyI mAne che, te barAbara nathI. eka to temAM TakI rahevAnA samaya bAbata anizcaya che ane bIjuM e ke padArthamAM utpanna thatAM ja nAzanI prakriyA zarU thaI jAya che. eTale e rIte te kSaNika ja che. bauddhanA A kSaNikavAda para khaMDana-maMDananI lAMbI carcA cAlI che. paraMtu ahIM emAM utaravAnA badale ApaNe have bauddho kSaNikavAdanuM zI rIte samarthana kare che, te joIe : | sarva sat padArtho kSaNika che. kAraNa ke tethI ja temanAmAM arthakriyAkAritva zakya bane che. koI prayojanarUpa je kriyA che, te kriyAnuM karAvanAruM hovuM te arthakriyAkAritva che. koIpaNa kArya koI eka uddezyathI karavAmAM Ave che, te kArya karavAnI kSamatA eTale arthakriyAkAritva. A prakAranI jenAmAM kSamatA che, te sat che ane te kSamatA ke sAmarthya jo sat kSaNika hoya to ja saphaLa bane. sthAyImAM nahi. kArya sArthaka karavAmAM A zakti

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bhAratIya darzanomAM pariNAmavAda ke sattA be rIte saMbhave, kramathI ke akramathI. prathama kramathI prApta saMbhAvanA joIe to sthAyImAM kramathI arthakriyAkAritva zakya nathI. kAraNa ke padArtha sthAyI che. tethI temAM kramazaH satata kriyA thayA ja karaze, ema mAnavuM paDaze. dA.ta. bIja sthAyI che ema mAnIe to pachI temAM satata aMkuraNa thayA ja karaze, ema paNa mAnavuM paDaze. paNa tema nathI thatuM. vaLI khetaramAM vAveluM ane koThAramAM paDeluM bIja, e banne judAM che. bannenA kAryo paNa judAM che. eTale paNa kriyAsAtatyanI ghaTanA samajAvavI muzkela banI jaze. paNa bIjane kSaNika mAnIe to AvI vicitratA raheze nahIM. bIja aMkurita thayuM ane bIjI kSaNe nAza pAmyuM. eTale satata aMkuraNano prazna ja raheze nahi. pUrvapakSa ahIM evI dalIla kare che ke bIja to tenuM te ja che, paNa tene aMkurita thavA mATe jamIna, pANI, prakAza, pavana vagere sahakArI upAdAnonI jarUra paDe che. A sahakArI sAmagrI hoya tyAre ja bIja aMkurita thAya che. Ano sIdho uttara e che ke teno artha e thayo ke pahelI kSaNamAM bIja aMkurita A pariSkRta bIja pUrvekSaNanuM bIja nathI - e navuM che ane ema kSaNikavAdanuM ja samarthana thaze. sthAyI padArtha akramathI paNa arthakriyAkAritva mATe sakSama nathI. akramatA eTale eka ja kALamAM ema ghaTita thayuM. have A A akramatA jo sthAyIno svabhAva che ema mAno to sarvakALa kriyA thayA ja karaze. te to azakya che ane ema mAno ke ekavAra kriyA karI te svabhAva nAza pAme che, to teno artha eTalo ja thayo ke svabhAva sthAyI nathI, paNa kSaNika che ane tethI, svabhAva tenA padArthathI abhinna hoI padArtha paNa kSaNika che. Ama je sat che te kSaNika che. kSaNika hovAthI kSaNabheda ja sat arthakriyAkAritva dharAve che ane samartha bane che. temAM sthAyInA doSa lAgatA nathI. AthI kSaNikavAda siddha thAya che. saMsAranI sarva vastuo paLepaLa parivartana pAme che. nadInA enA e ja jaLamAM bIjI vAra paga nathI mUkI zakAto. ekanA eka manuSyane bIjIvAra praNAma nathI karI zakAtA. kAraNa ke banne parivartana pAmyA che. koIpaNa padArthanI sattA kSaNamAtra ja che ane tethI ja kAryotpatti bane che. saMkSepamAM A bauddhono kSaNikavAda che.

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40 bhAratIya darzanomAM pariNAmavAda A rIte prathama AryasatyanI samajUtImAM kSaNikavAda abhipreta che. duHkha samudaya e bIjuM Aryasatya che. samudaya eTale duHkhanA udayanuM kAraNa. duHkha Akasmika nathI. tenuM paNa koI kAraNa che. jo duHkha akAraNa hoya to tenuM nirAkaraNa zakya na banata. buddha kahe che ke duHkhanuM koI eka ja kAraNa nathI, paNa eka kAraNa zuMkhalA che. A zRMkhalAnA bAra maNakA che. tene dvAdaza nidAna kahevAmAM Ave che. te bAra ghaTako A pramANe che. (1) jarA-maraNa, (2) jAti (janma), (3) bhava (pUrvajanmanA karma), (4) upAdAna (Asakti), (5) tRSNA, (6) vedanA (=saMvedanA), (7) sparza (indri ane padArthano sparza), (8) khaDAyatana (pAMca jJAnendriya ane mana), (9) nAmarUpa, (10) vijJAna, (11) saMskAra ane (12) avidyA. ahIM uttaranuM ghaTaka pUrvaghaTanuM kAraNa che ane aMtatogatvA sarva duHkhanuM mULa avidyA-ajJAna che. A zRMkhalA sIdhI lITInI nathI, paNa vartuLAkAra che. avidyAno saMbaMdha jarA-maraNano bhAva utpanna kare che.' A dvAdazanidAnarUpI kAraNamAlAnA mULamAM paNa kSaNikavAda rahelo che. pratyeka ghaTaka padArthanI kSaNikatAne svIkArIne ja varte che. eka ghaTaka che tethI bIjo ghaTaka che ane ema cAlyA kare che. A siddhAMtane pratItyasamutpAda kahe che. pratItyasamutpAda e bauddhadharmano mahatvano siddhAMta che. teno artha che - ekanI prApti thavAthI anyano samutpAda. mAtra bAhya bhautika padArtho ja nahIM paNa saMvedana, icchA, janma-jarA-maraNa e badhuM ja A prakAre ja varte che. eka pratIta thayuM - nAza pAmyuM ane bIjuM utpanna thayuM. padArtha mAtra kSaNika che. prathama kSaNe utpanna thaelo padArtha bIjI kSaNe nAza pAme che ane te sAthe ja tadAkAra anya padArtha utpanna thAya che. A pramANe A saMtati pravAha rUpe cAlyA ja kare che, te anAdi che. jo padArtha nirapekSa, svataMtra ane nitya hoya to te anya sAthe saMbaMdhamAM AvI sakriyatA upajAvI na zake. paNa ema jovA maLatuM nathI. parivartana, padArthano svabhAva che. eTale jagata parivartanazIla che, ema kahevAne badale kharekhara to jagata e ja parivartana che (World is change) ema kahevuM vadhAre yogya che. bIjI rIte kahIe to pratItyasamutpAda pramANe pratyaya arthAt kAraNa pachI kAryanI utpatti. Ama bauddha saMpradAya anusAra eka viziSTa prakArano kArya-kAraNavAda (Theory of Caustation) jovA maLe che. kAraNa pachI kAryanI utpatti thAya e to darzanono sarva mAnya siddhAMta che, paNa kAraNa kaI rIte kAryane utpanna kare che - e vize judA judA mata che. ApaNe joI gayA tema sAMkhyadarzana pramANe kAraNa pote ja potAnA sattvathI kAryamAM pariNamana pAme che. kAraNa pUrve kAryamAM ja nihita hatuM - sat hatuM. have te kAryarUpe

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bhAratIya darzanomAM pariNAmavAda AvirbhAva pAmyuM. e sAMkhano satkAryavAda che. tenAthI viparIta nyAya-vaizeSika mata pramANe kArya pUrve nahotuM. te asat hatuM paNa pachI te kAraNamAM utpanna thayuM. A te darzanano asatkAryavAda che. bauddha mata pramANe kAraNa hoIne kArya thayuM, e to barAbara. paNa kAraNa utpattinI kSaNa pachI turata ja nAza pAme che. eTale tenuM ke tenA sattvanuM kAryamAM pariNamana thavAnI zakyatA ja nathI. te navuM ja utpanna thAya che. te asat hatuM, have sat thayuM ane te paNa eka kSaNa mATe ja. Ama hovAthI bauddhonA A kAryakAraNavAdane paNa asatu-kAryavAda kahevAmAM Ave che. paraMtu nyAya-vaizeSika darzanana asatkAryavAdathI e rIte judo paDe che ke nyAya-vaizeSika darzanamAM asat evuM kArya kAraNamAM ja utpanna thAya che. eTaluM ja nahi, te samavAyasaMbaMdhathI potAnA kAraNamAM rahe che, eTale kAryanI sAthe kAraNa paNa rahe che. bauddhamatamAM kAraNano nAza thaI gayo hovAthI te kAryanI sAthe rahe tema banatuM nathI. paM.sukhalAlajI bauddhonA pratItyasamutpAda vAdanI vizeSatAo Ama tAravI Ape che. (1) kAraNa ane kAryano Atmattika bheda (2) koIpaNa nitya pariNAmI kAraNano sarvathA asvIkAra, (3) pahelethI ja asatuM evA kAryamAtrano utpAda. A kAraNa-kArya saMtati jaDa ane cetana sarvane lAgu paDe che. pariNAme bauddhamata koI nitya sthAyI tattvane svIkArato nathI. Izvarane paNa nahIM ane AtmAne paNa e rIte to nahIM ja. te mata pramANe badhuM kSaNika che, anitya che. tethI nitya AtmA jevuM kAMI ja nathI. UMDANathI vicAratAM jaNAze ke AtmA e indriyathI pratyakSa thato nathI, anumAnathI siddha thato nathI. te mAtra mAnasika spaMdana che, eka bhAva che, eka kalpanA che, mane ghaDelI eka pratimA che. te nIcenA pAMca bhAvono skaMdha (saMghAta) mAtra che. (1) rUpa-zarIra tathA bhautika padArtha tathA nAma (mAnasika pravRtti). (2) vedanA (Feeling) (3) saMjJA (indriya sannikarSathI jeno bodha thAya che ane jene viziSTa abhidhAna ApavAmAM Ave che, te saMjJA che. (Perception), (4) saMskAra (Impulses) ane (5) vijJAna-caitanya (Consciousness). A pAMca skandhane koI "AtmA' kahe to bauddhone vAMdho nathI. paNa tenAthI bhinna evA koI svataMtra nitya padArthano ahIM svIkAra nathI. Ama jaDa-cetana sarva padArtha kSaNika che ane temAM ekanA nArA sAthe bIjAnI utpattinI dhArA cAle che. AvI aneka dhArAo parasparane chedyA vinA ja cAle che. padArthamAM judA judA guNo vagere jovA maLe che, temAM sahakArI kAraNonuM yogadAna che. paNa temanI paNa potapotAnI dhArAo che - eTale koIpaNa kAraNa potAnuM sattva pachInA kAryamAM saMkrAnta karatuM nathI. tethI ja to padArthane svalakSaNa paNa kahevAmAM Ave che.

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42 bhAratIya darzanomAM pariNAmavAda avidyAne dUra karavAthI dvAdazanidAnanI zRMkhalA naSTa thatAM duHkha-nirodha thaze e tRtIya Aryasatya che ane tenA upAya mATe aSTAMga mArganuM pAlana karavuM te caturtha Aryasatya che. bhagavAna buddhanA upadezanA mULamAM A pramANe cAra bhAvo rahyA che. sarva kSaNika kSaNika che, duHkha duHkha che. svalakSaNa svalakSaNa che ane zUnya zUnya che. A cAra bhAvonA anusaMdhAne pachI bauddhamatamAM cAra darzano astitvamAM AvyA. vaibhASika, maitrAntika, yogAcAra ane mAdhyamika athavA zUnyavAda. vaibhASiko bAhyAthano pratyakSathI svIkAra kare che. emane tethI sarvAstitavAdI paNa kahevAmAM Ave che. sautrAntiko paNa bAhya padArthono svIkAra kare che. paraMtu teo temane pratyakSagamya mAnatA nathI, paNa anumeya mAne che. vijJAnavAdIo bAhyArthono pratyakSa ke anumAnathI paNa svIkAra karatA nathI. temanA mata pramANe jJAna (citta) ja viSayAkArarUpe bAhyartha tarIke bhAse che ane mAdhyamika darzana te mAtra bAhyartha ja nahIM paNa sat, asat ubhaya ane anubhaya e cAreya koTino paNa svIkAra karatuM nathI. koI mata, siddhAMta, paddhati ke tAttvika carcA - e tamAmamAMthI saMpUrNa mukti - e zUnyatA ja ahIM pratiSThita karI che. AvI zUnyatA prajJApAramitA che. te anirvacanIya hoI zabdothI samajAvI zakAtI nathI. A cAreya darzanadhArAonA AcAryoe potAnA siddhAMtone siddha karavA takaniSTha dalIlo ApI che. parasparathI amuka bAbatomAM judA paDatA hovA chatAM buddhanA mULa upadeza evA kSaNikavAdano tathA pratItyasamutpAdano to sarvane svIkAra che ja. zunyavAdamAM to nAmarUpa jagatanuM mithyAtva prasthApita karavAmAM AvyuM che, to paNa A matanA mukhya pratipAdaka nAgArjuna satyanA pAramArthika satya ane saMvRtti satya ema be prakAra darzAvI saMvRtti satya eTale vyavahAramUlaka satyane svIkArI temAM pratItyasamutpAdano samAveza kare ja che. A rIte bauddha paMtha ane darzanomAM kSaNikavAdano svIkAra pAyAmAM rahelo che. padArtho (dharmo) bAhya hoya ke AMtara - e banne kSaNika che ane samAnAkAra saMtati dvArA temano anubhava thAya che. emanA utpatti-nAza-nUtana utpattinA saMtAna dvArA A vicitra jagata zakya bane che. te bhale eka sthira padArtharUpe na hoya paNa vAstavika saMghAtarUpe to che ja. Takaksus lakhe che - Buddhism assumes no substance, no abiding individual self, no soul, no creator, no root principle of the Universe. But this, by no means implies that all beings and things do not exist. They do not exist with a substratum or a permenent essence in them

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bhAratIya darzanomAM pariNAmavAda 43 as people often think, but they do exist as casual relatives or combination. sat viSenI bauddhonI A vibhAvanA parathI A pramANe tAraNa kADhI zakAya. (1) sAMgano satkAryavAda bauddhone asvIkArya che. kAraNa ke sAMkhya sat evA be tattvone nitya mAne che. jyAre bauddhamata pramANe koI nitya tattva nathI. badhuM kSaNika che. temaja sAMkhyamAM kAraNa pote ja kAryarUpe pariName che. jyAre ahIM kAraNa to utpanna thaIne turata ja nAza pAme che. tethI tenuM kAryamAM pariNamana zakya ja nathI. (2) nyAya-vaizeSikonA asatkAryavAdane paNa bauddho svIkAratA nathI. jo ke kArya pUrve asatuM hatuM, tevA nyAyamatanuM teo samarthana kare che. paNa kArya pUrve kAraNa sat hatuM ane kAryotpatti pachI paNa te Take che. te mata temane mAnya nathI. vaLI kArya kAraNamAM samavAya saMbaMdhathI utpanna thAya che, te mata paNa temane svIkArya nathI. eka to samavAya saMbaMdha ja temane mAnya nathI ane bIjuM kAryotpatti samaye kAreNano nAza thaI gayo hoI - kArya kAraNamAM ke pachI kAraNamAMthI paNa utpanna thAya che, e mata paNa ahIM svIkArya nathI. (3) pratItyasamutpAdavAda pramANe kAraNa hoIne kArya utpanna thAya che. eTale e rIte kAraNa-kAryane bhale svIkArAya, paNa kAraNa na to koIne potAnuM sattva ApI utpanna kare che ke na to pote ke potAno koI aMza paNa pariNamana pAmI kAryarUpe utpanna thAya che. kAraNa paNa svalakSaNa che ane kArya paNa svalakSaNa che. kAraNa pUrve hatuM tethI ja tene kAraNa kahyuM che. kharekhara to tenA nAza pachI ja kAryotpAdana thatuM hovAthI teno kAraNa sAthe vAstavika saMbaMdha nathI. A rIte bauddhonA AvA viziSTa kArya-kAraNa saMbaMdhane kAraNavAdanuM nAma ApIe to paNa sthiti e che ke ahIM kAraNanuM koI paNa rIte pariNamana thatuM nathI. kSaNasaMtati daramiyAna sahakArI kAraNone lIdhe navA dharmo kaMIka parivartita svarUpe utpanna avazya thAya che, paraMtu tyAM paNa pariNamana to thatuM ja nathI. eTale bauddha matamAM parivartanane avazya sthAna che, paNa zuddha arthamAM pariNamanane avakAza nathI.

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bhAratIya darzanomAM pariNAmavAda noMdha: juo sarvadarzana saMgraha - bauddhadarzana. saMpA. DaoN. estAra solomana, pR.24-28 gaul Existence, real existence, is nothing but efficiency. Consequently, what is non-efficient or what is non-cause does not exist - Stcherbasky. - Buddhist Logic. Vol.p.124 3. manphinizcaya 2--8, 2-4-8 lIniya -11 maMguttaraniya 2-77 vagere. bhAratIya tattvavidyA pR.21 aSTAMga mArganA ATha aMga A pramANe cheH (1) samyapha jJAna, (2) samyapha saMkalpa, (3) samyapha vacana, (4) samyapha karma, (5) samyapha AjIva (AjIvikAnuM sAdhana), (6) samyapha vyAyAma (azubha vicAra ke karmathI bacavA ane zubhakarmamAM ja pravRtta thavAno udyama, (7) samyapha smRti (cittanI samyapha jAgRti - je aMtima lakSyane satata smaraNamAM rAkhe) ane (8) samyapha samAdhi (rAgadveSAdi dvandranA nAzathI vizuddha thaela cittanI ekAgratA). Essentials of Buddhist. phi. p. 72. || E ||

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(4) jainadarzana sAmAnya rIte satyanI zodha e pratyeka darzanano pradhAna uddeza rahyo hoya che. e zodhamAM vicAraNAne AgaLa ne AgaLa dhapAvatA je te darzane potAnA keTalAka mULabhUta siddhAMtonuM pratipAdana kare che. kALakrame sthApita thaI gayelA e siddhAMto ja aMtima che, evI mAnyatA dRDha banatA koI eka darzana potAnA siddhAMtothI bhinna siddhAMtonuM pratipAdana karatA anya darzanonuM khaMDana karavA lAge che ane Ama khaMDana-maMDananI prakriyAmAM ekabAju vicAraNAno vikAsa to thAya che, paNa satyanI zodha pUrvAgrahothI tathA svapakSa sthApanAnI prabaLa jhaMkhanAthI gauNa banI jAya che. tyAre tarkajALamAM phasAelA satyane tenA zuddhatama svarUpe pAmavuM kaThina banI jAya che. AvI paristhitimAM jainadarzane anekAntavAda ke syAdavAdano naravo abhigama svIkArI vibhinna darzanomAM dhabakatA satyAMzono svIkAra karI, anya carcAno parihAra karI dekhAtA virodhothI upara uThavAno mahadaMze saphaLa prayAsa karyo che. tattvamImAMsA, jJAnamImAMsA ane AcAramImAMsA - A traNeya kSetronuM jainadarzana ane dharmamAM UMDuM ane vyApaka kheDANa thayuM che. tattva ane jJAnacarcAmAM jainonI daSTi samudAra, vyApaka ane bahudhA aMtimothI mukta rahI che. jemake upaniSada ane vedAntamAM kathita AtmAno jainadarzana svIkAra kare che, paNa sAthe sAthe vedAntanI jema tene avikArI mAnatuM nathI. to bauddhoe pratipAdita kareluM pariNamana paNa tene mAnya che. paNa mAtra parivartanonIkSaNonI paraMparA ja hoya ane koI sthira tattva ja na hoya, e mata temane svIkArya nathI. temanA mate padArtha sthiratva jALavIne badale che. te utpanna thAya che, pariNamana pAme che ane sthAyI paNa rahe che. jaino AtmAne vibhu ke eka nahIM paNa madhyama parimANayukta ane aneka paNa mAne che. A rIte A darzana samabhAvapUrvaka satyanI najIka pahoMcavA prayatna kare che.

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46 bhAratIya darzanomAM pariNAmavAda . jaina dharmanI paraMparA atiprAcIna che. Adya tIrthakara zrI RSabhadevathI covIzamA tIrthakara bhagavAna mahAvIra sudhI teno vyApa che. trevIsamA tIrthaMkara pArzvanAtha ane pachI bhagavAna mahAvIranA kALamAM A dharma vizeSa prabhAvI banyo. pArzvanAtha ane mahAvIrasvAmInI aitihAsikatA pramANabhUta che. bhagavAna mahAvIrano dehotsarga I.sa.pU.para7mAM thayo. emanA upadeza vacanono je vipula graMtharAzi nirmita thayo te "Agama' tarIke prasiddhi pAmyo. varSo pachI te graMthone vyavasthita svarUpa prApta thayuM. te sAthe jaina saMpradAya, AgamonI prAmANikatA ane keTalIka AcAraviSayaka mAnyatAo aMgenA dRSTibhedanA kAraNe Azare I.sa.pUrvenI bIjI sadImAM jaina dharmanA zvetAmbara ane digaMbara ema be mukhya saMpradAyo thayA. paraMtu tattvamImAMsAnA saMdarbhe A bannemAM khAsa matabheda hoya tema lAgatuM nathI. Agamo 45 che. temAM 11 aMga 12 upAMga, 10 prakIrNa, 6 chedasUtra, 4 mUlagraMtha ke mUlasUtra ane 2 svataMtra graMtha. (nandIsUtra tathA anuyogadvAra)no samAveza thAya che.' samayAMtare A prAcIna sAhitya para niryukti, cUrNi, TIkA vagere racAtA gayA. A uparAMta paNa banne saMpradAyanA AcAryoe aneka graMtho racyA. pariNAme A sAhitya vipula ane samRddha banyuM che. emAMnA keTalAka mukhya AcAryo ane emanA graMtho A pramANe che : umAsvAtikRta tattvArthAdhigamasUtra (I.sa.prathama sadI), kundakundrAcArya (I.sa.nI prathama sadI), temaNe pravacanasAra, samayasAra, paMcAstikAya, niyamasAra vagere graMtho racyA che. siddhasenadivAkarasUri (I.sa.nI pAMcamI sadI), temano mukhya graMtha sanmatitarka che. samantabhadra (I.sa.nI chaThThI sadI) temano AtamImAMsA graMtha suprasiddha che. haribhadrasUri (I.sa.nI AThamI sadI) temano pradhAna graMtha SaDradarzana samuccaya che. akalaMka (I.sa.AThamI sadI) temanI tattvArthasUtra paranI rAjavArtika TIkA tathA AptamImAMsA paranI aSTazatI TIkA suprasiddha che. A uparAMta vidyAnanda (I.sa.navamI sadI), mANikyanandI (I.sa.navamI sadI), vAdidevasUri, zrI hemacandrAcArya, zrI nemicaMdra tathA zrI yazovijayajI jevA prasiddha AcAryonA graMtho paNa noMdhapAtra che. (A sarvano samaya I.sa.nI 11 thI 17mI sadInI vacceno che.) A uparAMta dezanA ane videzanA aneka vidvAnoe jainadarzana ane dharma para mahattvanA graMtho lakhyA che ane haju paNa AvA graMtho lakhAyA kare che. jainadarzana Ama padArthane ekAntika nitya ke aikAntika anitya mAnatuM nathI.

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bhAratIya darzanomAM pariNAmavAda amuka apekSAe e banne che. A sthiti pariNamanathI zakya bane che. tethI jainadarzana pariNAmavAdI darzana che. paraMtu pariNamanane samajatAM pUrve A pariNamana jyAM zakya che, te jainadarzane svIkArelA tattvo ke dravyono paNa jarUra pUrato paricaya karI laIe. jainadarzana bahutattvavAdI ane sAthe sAthe vAstavavAdI paNa che. tethI te vedAntanI jema eka ja parama sat tattva che, ema svIkAratuM nathI ane A jagata kevaLa jJAna ke vicAranI ja ramaNA che, tevA vijJAnavAdane tathA jagata kevaLa AbhAsa ke vivarta che, tevA vivartavAdane paNa mAnyatA ApatuM nathI. tenA mate jagatanuM vAstavika astitva che ja ane te aneka tattvovALuM paNa che. A darzanamAM ke dharmamAM A dravyo ke tattvonI saMkhyA daSTibhede alaga alaga mAnavAmAM AvI che ane temanuM vargIkaraNa karavAmAM AvyuM che, to paNa emAM sAmAnya rIte sAta tattvo svIkAravAmAM AvyA che - (1) jIva, (2) ajIva, (3) banya, (4) Agnava, (5) saMvara, (6) nirjarA ane (7) mokSa. kyAreka temAM (8) puNya ane (9) pApa e be umerI nava tattva paNa manAyA che. jo ke e banneno samAveza (4)(5)(6)mAM thaI zake che, ema paM.sukhalAlajIe darzAvyuM che. A sAta tattvomAM jIva ane ajIva e mukhya dravyo che. (3) thI (6) AtmAnA baMdha ane mokSanA kAraNa che ane mokSa e AtmAe aMte prApta ke siddha karavAnI avasthA che. jIvo aneka che. jIva e cetana dravya che. caitanya tenuM lakSaNa che. (vaitanyastakSaNo nIva:) tattvArthasUtra upayogane jIvanuM lakSaNa kahe che. (35yone takSA-2-8) upayoga e A darzanano pAribhASika zabda che. bRhad dravyasaMgraha kahe che : "vivakSita padArthane vyApta karanAra, padArthanuM grahaNa karanAra je vyApAra che te "upayoga che." upayoga e che ke jenAthI koI vastunuM jJAna meLavAya che. cittanA svAbhAvika rUpano ane enA pariNAmano ane svayaM jIvAtmAnA svarUpano bodha thAya che. jJAna ane darzana tenA be rUpo che." saMkSepamAM upayoga eTale kriyArata thaela caitanya. cetanAno vyApAra. A upayogathI viveka pragaTe che ane tenAthI AtmA je upAdeya (grahaNa yogya) che, tenuM grahaNa kare che ane rAgAdi heya doSono tyAga kare che. jIva eTale ke AtmAmAM anantajJAna, anantadarzana, ananta sAmarthya jevA guNo svabhAvathI ja che. paraMtu te dehanuM AvaraNa dhAraNa kare che. tethI te guNo maryAdita thAya che. AtmA paNa deha jeTalo parimANavALo bane che. Ama AtmA vibhu ke aNu nahIM paNa madhyama parimANavALo che. dIpakanA prakAzanI jema te dehanI sImA anusAra saMkoca

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bhAratIya darzanomAM pariNAmavAda vikAsazIla che ane te arthamAM te pariNamana pAmato hoI vikArI che. dehanA janmamaraNa-punarjanma thayA kare che, te sAthe AtmAnA avasthAntaro paNa (mokSakALa sudhI) thayA kare che. Ama eno sattAna pravAha cAle che. tenI sAthe karmono pravAha paNa che. A karmo AtmAmAM anupraveza karI ene DhAMke che. tene ja baMdha (=baMdhana) kahe che. jIva e rIte zubhAzubha karmono kartA ane phaLano bhoktA che. jIvo anaMta che, karmaprerita saMsAracakramAM duHkhAdi anubhavato te jyAre ratnatraya (=darzana, jJAna ane cAritra)nA sevanathI karmabandhanathI niHzeSa paNe mukta thAya che, tyAre te mokSa pAme che. judI judI dRSTie bhavya ane abhavya, saMsArI ane mukta tathA samanaska ane amanaska - ema vividha prakAro pADavAmAM Ave che. jIva dravyarUpe potAnA mULa svabhAvathI nitya che, to bhinna avasthAo rUpe anitya che, ema kahI zakAya. jIva (AtmA)no Ama saMkSepamAM paricaya karyA pachI have ajIva tattva ke dravya viSe jainamatane paNa saMkSepamAM jANIe. ajIvanA AkAza, dharma, adharma ane pudgala ema cAra prakAra che. jIva ane ajIva maLI Ama pAMca dravyo thayA. e pAMceyane astikAya padArtha kahevAmAM Ave che. A pAMca bhUta, vartamAna ane bhaviSya, e traNeya kALamAM astitva dharAve che. tethI temanI sthitino "asti' e dvArA nirdeza karavAmAM Ave che. sAthe sAthe teo aneka sthAna(deza)mAM paNa rahe che. tethI temane kArya" evI saMjJA paNa ApavAmAM AvI che. (AkAza joke sarvavyApI hoI te aneka sthAnomAM kema rahe, tevI zaMkAnuM samAdhAna - tenA Azraya ke nimittathI vibhinna sthAnomAM rahetI vastuonI apekSAe ja ema kahyuM che - tema karavAmAM Ave che.) kALane keTalAka AcAryo svataMtra dravya gaNatA nathI, to keTalAka gaNe paNa che. kALa aneka dezavyApI nathI, te astikAya nathI. paraMtu te vastuonA pariNamanano AdhAra to che ja. A pAMcamAMthI jIva tattvanuM nirUpaNa AgaLa thaI gayuM che. bAkInA cAramAMthI dharma, adharma ane AkAza - e eka eka ja che. rAjadravya - tattvArthasUtra pa-5) dharma ane adharma e bannenI jainadarzananI paribhASA viziSTa prakAranI che. AkAza, dharma ane adharma - A traNeya svayaM gati karatA nathI, teo sakriya che. paraMtu sthitizIla

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bhAratIya darzanomAM pariNAmavAda 49 jIva ane pudgalanI sthitinA sahakArI kAraNa evA dravyavizeSane "adharma' e saMjJA ApavAmAM AvI che tathA gatizIla jIva ane pudgalanI gatinA sahakArI kAraNa evA dravya vizeSane "dharma kahe che. zrI atyaMkara samajAve che ke jema mAchalAM gati kare, temAM jaLa e sAdhAraNa Azraya che ane gatimAM anukULatA karI Ape che, tema padArthanI gatimAM "dharma madada kare che ane jema azva AdinI sthitimAM pRthvI sAdhAraNa Azraya che, tema padArthanI sthitimAM "adharma madada kare che. gati ane sthiti e padArthono pariNAma vizeSa ja che. dharma ane adharma pratyakSa nathI, paNa gati ane sthitithI tenuM anumAna karavAmAM Ave che.' jainadarzanamAM pugalanI vibhAvinA vilakSaNa che. te bhUta sAmAnya mATe vyAvahata karAya che. pudgalAstikAya e saMjJA jainomAM atiprasiddha che. sarvadarzanasaMgraha pudgala zabdanI vyutpatti Ama Ape che - pUrati taktIti puti: je bhare che, pUrNa kare che ane gaLI jAya che te pugala." eTale ke pracaya rUpe zarIranuM niSpAdana karanAra ane pracayanA nArA sAthe ja chUTA paDI jAya te pudgala che. pudgala sparza, rasa, gaLyuM ane varNavALA hoya che. pudgalanA be prakAra che - aNu ane saMghAta (skandha). pudgalano niravayava sUkSmatama evo aMza ke jenuM vibhAjana thaI zakatuM nathI, te aNu che. tethI aNuono upabhoga thaI zakato nathI. bethI AraMbhIne aNuonuM paraspara ekatra thavuM te skandha ke saMghAta che. A saMghAtathI ja sthULa zarIra ane tenA bhinna aMgo vagerenuM tathA anya padArthonuM sarjana thAya che. (aNunI A vyAkhyA nyAyadarzananI evI ja vyAkhyAnuM smaraNa karAve che.) pudgala rUpi dravya che, zeSa dravyo arUpi che. tattvArtha sUtramAM dravyanuM evuM lakSaNa ApavAmAM AvyuM che ke guNavat dravyam | (VrU7) je guNa ane paryAyayukta hoya che, te dravya che. dravyamAM rahetA, paraMtu svayaM guNarahitane guNa kahe che. (A vyAkhyA vaizeSikadarzananI guNanI vyAkhyA jevI ja che. vai.sU.1-1-15). dA.ta. jIvanA guNa jJAna vagere che. dravya jayAre ekathI bIjI avasthAmAM sthita thAya che, tyAre te avasthA paryAya che. Ama paryAya eTale dravyanI kramabhAvI viziSTa avasthA. pratyeka dravya potAnA pariNAmI svabhAvanA kAraNathI samaye samaye nimitta pramANe bhinna bhinna rUpamAM pariNata rahe che arthAt vividha pariNAmone prApta kare che. dravyamAM pariNAma utpanna karavAnI je zakti che, te ja eno guNa kahevAya che ane guNajanya pariNAma paryAya kahevAya che. guNa kAraNa che ane paryAya kArya che. eka dravyamAM zaktirUpa anaMtaguNa che; je vastutaH AzrayabhUta dravyathI athavA paraspara avibhAjya che. pratyeka guNa-zaktinA bhinna bhinna samayamAM thatA saikAlika paryAyo

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5) bhAratIya darzanomAM pariNAmavAda anaMta che. dravya ane enA aMzarUpa zaktio vinaSTa na thavAne kAraNe nitya arthAtu anAdi anaMta che. paraMtu badhA paryAyo pratikSaNa utpanna tathA naSTa thatA rahevAne kAraNe vyaktizaH anitya arthAt sAdi sAMta che. joke Agama graMtho guNono svataMtra padArtha tarIke svIkAra karatA nathI. teo mAtra paryAyono ja svIkAra kare che. AgamamAM jyAM guNa zabda Avyo che, tyAM te saMkhyAnA saMdarbhe che. jemake dazaguNa. Agamane anusarIne siddhasena divAkarasUri, haribhadrasUri tathA yazovijayajI paNa guNone paryAyathI bhinna nathI mAnatA ane dravya ane paryAya e baMnene svataMtra padArtha mAne che. haribhadrasUri guNono paryAyamAM aMtarbhAva karI de che. paraMtu umAsvAti, kuMdakuMdAcArya, pUjyapAda, vidyAnaMda, tattvArtha sUtranA TIkAkAra siddhasena ane vAdidevasUri Adi AcAryo guNa ane paryAya banneno svIkAra kare che. tyAre akalaMka guNa ane paryAyano bheda ane abheda banne mAne che. bheda pakSe je dravyanI sAthe haMmezA rahe che, te guNa ane dravyanA pariNamanI prakriyAmAM satata sAthe nathI rahetA te paryAyo che. tethI dravyaparyAya ane guNaparyAya evA be prakAro kahevAmAM AvyA. keTalAka arvAcIna vidvAno mAne che ke jainadarzanamAM pachIthI vaizeSika darzananI asarathI "guNa'no paNa svIkAra karavAmAM Avyo che. anyathA paryAyamAM guNano bhAva anusmRta thaI zake che. Jacobi yathArtha ja lakhe che ke "The mention of Gunas seems to be a later innovation due to the influence which the philosophy and terminology of Nyay-Vaisesika, gradually gained over the scientific thoughts of the Hindus. For at the side of Paryaya, there seems to be, no room for an independent category 'quality,' since Paryaya is the state in which a thing, Dravya, is at any moment of its existence and this must therefore include qualities, as seems to be actually the view, embodied in the older text." ibid F.N.p.146 dravya ane guNanA saMbaMdhamAM darzanomAM bhinna bhinna mata pravarte che. sAMkhyanA satkAryavAda pramANe dravya ane guNo vacce tattvataH abheda che. tyAre nyAyavaizeSiko dravya ane guNone parasparathI nitAnna bhinna mAne che. dravyamAM guNo rahe che, guNono AdhAra ke temanuM samavAyikAraNa dravya che ema svIkAravA chatAM paNa temAM dravya ane guNonI parasparathI bhinna svataMtra sattA svIkAravAmAM AvI che ane tenA pariNAme eka kSaNa

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bhAratIya darzanomAM pariNAmavAda 51 pUratA paNa guNo dravyanA abhAvamAM paNa rahI zake che, evI vicitra sthitino paNa temane svIkAra karavo paDyo che. jainadarzana A bannethI thoDuM alaga paDI dravya ane guNa vacce bhedabhedano svIkAra kare che. guNo dravyAzrita che, eTaluM ja nahi paNa dravyanA abhAvamAM guNono paNa abhAva hoya che. eTalA aMze guNo ane dravyo vacce abheda che, paNa dravya pariNamanazIla hoI guNo paNa parivartanazIla che. tethI temanA avasthAntaro thatA hoya che. tenA kAraNe dravyamAM guNo parivartana pAmatA hoI teTalA aMze temano bheda paNa che. Ama prayojana, pariNamana ane vivekSA bheda dravya guNa vacce bhedabheda che. e anaikAntika dRSTie anya darzanonA ekAntika matano parihAra ane samanvaya sadhAya che. jaina dharma ane darzananA svIkRta tattvo ane emanI viziSTatAono ATalo paricaya paNa ema spaSTa sUcave che ke jaDa-cetanamaya sakala vizvamAM anekavidha padArtho potapotAnI lAkSaNikatA jALavIne paNa satata pariNamana pAmatA rahe che. kArya-kAraNa rUpe A pariNamana sRSTinI sarjana praNAline eka prakAranuM saMtulana bakSe tevA prakAranuM che. tethI temAM prAthamika rIte virodhI lAgatA mato anubhava ane vaizvika sattAnA anubaMdhamAM khaMDadarzanamAMthI mukta thaI eka akhaMDa saMpUrNa citramAM jaI Thare che. sakala astitva ke sattAnuM Ama akhilAIpUrvaka Akalana e jainadarzananI mahattvanI bheTa che. A sattA ke satanuM svarUpa ane tenuM AMtara sattva umAsvAti emanA tattvArthasUtramAM Ama prastuta kare che - utpAdavyayadhrauvyayuktaM sat / 5-29 je utpAda, vyaya ane dhrauvya e traNethI yukta che arthAt tadAtmaka che te sat kahevAya. che. sat svarUpane vyApaka rUpe nidarzita karatuM A atiprasiddha sUtra jainadarzanamAM prasthApita pariNAmavAda ke kArya-kAraNavAdanA marmane samajavAmAM cAvIrUpa che. paM. sukhalAlajI A sUtranI samajUtI ApatA lakhe che ke "sanA svarUpa viSe bhinna bhinna darzanonA bhinna bhinna mata che." koI darzana (vedAnta-aupaniSad zAMkaramata) saMpUrNa sat padArthane (brahmane) kevaLa dhruva (nitya) ja mAne che. koI darzana bauddha sat padArthane niranvaya kSaNika (mAtra utpAda vinAzazIla) mAne che. koI darzana (sAMkhya) cetanatattva rUpa sane to kevaLa dhruva (kuTastha nitya) ane prakRtitattvarUpa ane pariNAmI nitya (nityAnitya) mAne che. koI darzana (nyAya-vaizeSika) aneka sat padArthomAMthI paramANu, kALa, AtmA Adi keTalAka sat tattvone phUTastha nitya ane ghaTa, vastra Adi keTalAMka sane mAtra utpAda vyayazIla (anitya) mAne che, paraMtu jainadarzananuM sannA svarUpa saMbaMdhanuM maMtavya ukta badhA matothI bhinna che ane te A sUtramAM batAvyuM che.

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bhAratIya darzanomAM pariNAmavAda jainadarzananuM mAnavuM e che ke je sat-vastu che te phakta pUrNarUpe kUTanitya athavA phakta niranvaya vinAzI athavA eno amuka bhAga kUTastha nitya ane amuka bhAga pariNAmI nitya athavA eno koI bhAga to phakta nitya ane koI bhAga to mAtra anitya ema hoI zakatI nathI. enA mata pramANe cetana athavA jaDa, mUrta athavA amUrta, sUkSma athavA skUla badhI sat kahevAtI vastuo utpAda, vyaya ane prauvyarUpe trirUpa che. pratyeka vastumAM be aMza che. eka aMza evo che ke je traNe kALamAM zAzvata che ane bIjo aMza sadA azAzvata che. zAzvata aMzanA kAraNathI pratyeka vastu dhrauvyAtmaka (sthira) ane azAzvata aMzanA kAraNathI utpAda vyayAtmaka (asthira) kahevAya che. A be aMzomAMthI koI eka bAjue dRSTi javAthI ane bIjI bAjue na javAthI vastu phakta sthirarUpa athavA asthirarUpa mAlUma paDe che, paraMtu baMne aMzonI bAjue daSTi ApavAthI vastunuM pUrNa ane yathArtha svarUpa mAlUma paDe che. ethI baMne dRSTione anusAre ja A sUtramAM sat-vastunuM svarUpa pratipAdita karyuM che. tattvArtha sUtra (5-30) niyatvanI vibhAvanA spaSTa karatAM kahe che tadmAvAyo nityam je enA bhAvathI potAnI jAtithI) Tyuta na thAya te nitya che. eTale ke satvastumAtranuM svarUpa utpAda-vyaya-dhrauvyAtmaka hoya che. haMmezA vastu e traNeya aMzathI yukta hoya che. e eno svabhAva che. te dRSTie e nitya che. potapotAnI jAtine na choDavuM e sarva dravyonuM dhrauvya che. jainadarzana vastune kevaLa kuTastha nitya nathI mAnatuM, tema koIne pariNAmI mAtra paNa nathI mAnatuM. paraMtu tene pariNAmI nitya mAne che. tethI sarva tattvo potapotAnI jAtimAM sthira rahIne paNa nimitta pramANe utpAda-vyaya prApta kare che. Ama pratyeka vastumAM mULa jAti (dravya)nI apekSAe drauvya ane pariNAmanI apekSAe utpAda ane vyaya e baMne ghaTita thavAmAM koI virodha Avato nathI. e rIte pratyeka samayamAM dravyamAM utpAda-vyaya ane prauvya e traNeya hoya che, e ja enuM niyatva che. kuMdakuMdAcAryuM paNa dravyamAM A traNeya aMzonuM sadA hovAnuM vistArapUrvaka siddha karyuM che. vaLI teo dravya zabdano dhAtvartha ApI duHvahevuM) kahe che ke dravya vahIne tenA sarva paryAyomAM pahoMcI vaLe che. Ama pariNAmane lIdhe utpAda-vyaya hoya che ane mULa rUpe to te nitya paNa che. kuMdakuMdAcArya kahe che ke artha (padArtha - paNa ahIM dravyanA saMdarbhamAM guNa ane paryAya) dravya, guNa ane paryAya e traNeyamAM che ane ema artha ane parimANano abheda darzAve che arthAt vizvamAM evI koI vastu nathI ke je pariNamana pAmatI nathI ane koI pariNamana tenA AdhArabhUta padArtha ke dravya vinA hotuM nathI.

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bhAratIya darzanomAM pariNAmavAda pa3 Ama kuMdakuMdAcArya sat ane pariNamana vacceno saMbaMdha ke temanuM tAdAbhya paNa siddha karI jaina pariNAmavAdane sudaDha AdhAra Ape che. sAthe sAthe teo kALa, pudgala ane jIvamAM paNa A ja siddhAMtanA AdhAre pariNAma siddha kare che. ahIM saMkSepamAM jIva-AtmAnA pariNAmanA saMdarbhamAM emaNe kareluM nirUpaNa joIe. jaina mata pramANe pAMca (ke che) dravyo parasparathI bhinna svarUpavALA che. te anusAra jIva ane pudgala e baMne tattvo paNa potapotAnA svarUpane lIdhe ekabIjAthI bhinna che, tethI e banne vacce zI rIte saMkalana sAdhI zakAya tevo prazna thAya, paraMtu kuMdakuMdAcArya jaina matane anusarI kahe che ke e banne vacce karmanA kAraNe AdAna-pradAna zakya bane che. jIva cetanA ane upayogayukta che (nIva: punarotanopayogama: I) jJAna, karma ane karmaphaLanA mAdhyamathI A cetanAnuM pariNamana thAya che. jJAna eTale tattvonuM Akalana. e Akalana pachI AtmA jayAre pravRtta thAya che, tyAre te karma kahevAya che ane karmanuM sukha-duHkhAdi phaLa hoya che. Ama e rIte AtmA pariNAmI ane karma tathA phaLa pariNamana che ane tema emano abheda che. AtmAmAM cetanA haMmezA jJAna, karma ane phaLa sAthe ja hoya che. A traNeya mukta AtmA ane baddha AtmA e baMnemAM hoya che. joke e banne avasthAomAM rahelA e traNeyanA svarUpa kaMIka judA hoya che. jaina mata pramANe karma eka prakArano mUrta pudgala che. te karmano pravAha AtmAmAM anupraveza kare che. AtmAmAM rAga, dveSa, mohAdi mAnasika bhAvarUpI karmono anupraveza thatAM te baMdhana pAme che. AtmA pote ja A baMdhanane kartA hoya che, paNa tenA viparIta vicAranA kAraNe pudgalo A prakAraNanA pariNAmane pAme che. ahIM pugala pariNamanamAM AtmA sahakArI kAraNa bane che. e ja rIte pugalo paNa potAnA pariNAmonA kAraNa che. paNa AtmAmAM rAgAdi utpanna karavAmAM teo sahakArI kAraNono bhAga bhajave che. Ama AtmA ane pugala vacce pAraspArika anubaMdha racAya che. AtmA jyAre karmonA saMvara ane nirjarA dvArA yogya dizAmAM pariNAma pAme che ane rAgAdino nAza thAya che, tyAre karmapravAha AtmAnA nijasvarUpane anukULa banatAM te baMdhana mukta thaI mokSa pAme che. Ama chatAM mokSAvasthAmAM paNa AtmA niSkriya nathI hoto paNa te anaMtajJAna, anaMtadarzana, anaMtavIrya ane anaMta sukharUpe sajAtIya pariNAma pAmato rahe che. kuMdakuMdAcArya pachInA tarkapradhAna yuganA AcAryoe dravyanA utpAda-vyaya-dhrauvya e

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54 bhAratIya darzanomAM pariNAmavAda lakSaNa ane pariNAmavAdanA anya darzanonA AcAyoe karelA khaMDanano prabaLa dalIlothI parihAra karI anekAnta ke sApekSavAdanI dRSTie A siddhAntanuM punaHsthApana karyuM che. A AcAryomAMthI mAtra pUjayapAde karelA samarthananuM nirUpaNa joIe. pUjayapAda utpAda-vyaya-dhrauvyam e sUtra paranI TIkAmAM lakhe che ke - cetana ke jaDatattva potAnuM mULa sattva tyajayA vinA, AMtarabAhya kAraNone lIdhe avasthAntara pAme che, tyAre te sthiti te utpAda che. dA.ta. mATI potAnA mATIrUpI mULa sattvane tyajayA vinA ghaDAnI avasthAne pAme che, tyAre ghaDo e mATIno utpAda thayo. e ja rIte ghaTanI utpattimAM mATI potAnI piMDarUpanI avasthA choDI ghaTarUpa avasthA pAme che. tyAre piMDarUpano vyaya thayo. paraMtu utpAda ane vyaya baMne sthitimAM paNa dravya potAnA mULa svabhAvane TakAvI rAkhe che. te sthiti te dhrauvya che. jema ke piMDanI avasthAmAM ane ghaTanI avasthAmAM paNa mATI to mATI ja rahe che. Ama dravyamAM utpAdavyaya ane dhrauvya e dekhItI rIte virodhI lAgatA lakSaNo sApekSavAdanI daSTie virodhI rahetA nathI, paNa eka sarvagrAhI tattvarUpe pAmI zakAya che. AcAryoe pariNAmanA vividha prakAro, paryAyanA bhedo vagerenI vyApaka carcA karI pratyekanA vyavasthita lakSaNo ApI jaina pariNAmavAdane puSTa karyo che. Ama karavAmAM emane je virodho naDyA che, temano paNa temaNe tarkathI parihAra ke sAmano paNa karyo che. sAMkhyanA satkAryavAdanA keTalAka aMzo to jainone svIkArya che. tethI teTalo bhAga svIkArI anya aMzonuM temaNe khaMDana karyuM che. jemake sAMkhyamAM kAraNa potAnA svarUpe sat che ane kArya sAthe teno abheda che. e matamAM pUrvArdha svIkArI kAraNa-kAryono nitAnta abheda temaNe mAnya nathI karyo. kAryano kAraNathI bheda che ja, e temano mata che ane Ama joIe to ahIM avasthAbheda ke racanAbheda che, ema to sAMkhyane paNa svIkAravuM paDe che. A uparAMta sAMkhyano puruSa bahutvavAda paNa jainone mAnya che. paNa puruSa nirguNa ane niSkriya che, e sAMkhyadRSTine jaino puraskRta karatA nathI. jaina mata pramANe AtmA pariNAmI nitya che. nyAyavaizeSikonA asatkAryavAda pramANe kArya navuM ja utpanna thAya che e mata kaMIka aMze jainone mAnya che, paNa nyAyadarzana kAryakAraNamAM samavAya saMbaMdhathI rahe che ane guNo che, te jainomAM mAnya che. AtmAmAM amuka guNo che, te nyAyamata sAthe paNa jainamatano

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bhAratIya darzanomAM pariNAmavAda - 55 virodha nathI. paNa AtmA vibhu che, te nyAyamata sAthe jaina mata saMmata nathI. jaino tene madhyama parimANavALo mAne che. vaLI nyAya matamAM aNu, AkAza, kALa, AtmA vagerene nitya ane apariNAmI mAnyA che, tenAthI viparIta jainadarzanamAM sarva padArthone pariNAmI mAnavAmAM AvyA che. upaniSada vagere vedAntamAM brahma ja ekamAtra tattva che ane temAMthI sRSTi sarjana AvirbhAva pAmyuM che, ema sarjana prakriyAmAM raheluM pariNamana jainone mAnya che. paNa eka ja cetana tattva che, te mata temane mAnya nathI. vaLI vedAntamAM zaMkarAcArye puraskArelo vivartavAda jainone kadApi mAnya nathI. jagata vAstavika rIte brahmanuM pariNamana nahIM, paNa kevaLa teno vivartake AbhAsa che, te matano jainamata saMpUrNa virodha kare che. temanI dRSTie jagata ane tenA padArthonI vAstavika sattA che ja. jyAM bhrama ke AbhAsa lAge che, te dRSTibheda, dRSTidoSa ke ajJAna vagerethI lAge che. A ja rIte bauddhonA kSaNikavAdanuM paNa jaino joradAra khaMDana kare che. sApekSa anityatA jainone svIkArya che, paNa nitAnta anityatA ane te paNa kSaNikatA temane svIkArya nathI ja. bauddhonA kSaNikavAdanA khaMDanamAM jainone taiyAyikonuM paNa samarthana che. e khaMDana A pramANe che :- yat sat tat kSaNikam - je sat che te kSaNika che - bauddhono A siddhAnta che. have ahIM kSaNika eTale naiyAyikonI jema "thoDI kSaNo mATe rahenAra" evo abhipreta hoya to te svIkAravAmAM jainone amuka aMze vAMdho nathI. paNa bauddhone e artha abhipreta nathI. temanA mate to kSaNa eTale eka ja kSaNa. eka nimiSa (AMkhanuM maTakuM mAravuM) teno cotho bhAga te kSaNa - eTale ke eka sekaMDano paNa sUkSma aMza. AvA sUkSma samayanuM Akalana zakya nathI. eTale jaino AvA prakAranA kSaNikavAdane mAnyatA ApatA nathI. kSaNikavAdanA virodhamAM ghaNI dalIlo thaI zake che, temAMnI keTalIka A pramANe che - (1) tamArI kSaNikatAnI kalpanA eTalI badhI sUkSma che ke tenAthI pUrvApara - A pahelAM ane A pachI evo saMbandha ja prApta nahIM thAya. sAmAnya samajaNa to evI che ke je karma kare, tene tenuM phaLa maLe. paNa ahIM to AvA koI sthAyI padArthane avakAza ja nathI. pUrvekSaNe karma karyuM ane eno sadya nAza thaI gayo. tethI phaLa uttara kSaNanA padArthane bhogavavAnuM Ave. Ama ahIM be doSa Avaze. kRtakarmanAza ane akRtakarmabhoga. eTale ke je kare te bhogave nahi ane je bhogave teNe to te karma karyuM ja nathI.

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56 bhAratIya darzanomAM pariNAmavAda (2) kSaNikatvanI siddhi mATe bauddho jaladharapaTala (vAdaLa) vagerenuM daSTAMta Ape che. paNa jaladharapaTala kSaNika che te ja siddha karavAnuM bAkI che. tamArI kSaNikatAnI vibhAvanA pramANenuM kSaNikatva to eTaluM sUkSma che ke jaladharano evo anubhava ja zakya nathI. jaladhara navo navo dekhAya che, ema kahevA mATe paNa teno thoDI kSaNo sudhI anubhAva anivArya che. (3) anumAnathI paNa satu te kSaNika ema siddha thatuM nathI. arthakriyAkAritva hoya te sat evo hetu barAbara nathI. kAraNa ke sarpadaMzathI kharekhara jhera na caDyuM hoya to paNa jhera caDyuM, tevI zaMkAnA kAraNe paNa mRtyu thaI zake che. to te arthakriyAkAritAnA kAraNe zaMkAviSane paNa satu mAnavuM paDaze. paNa te to khoTuM ja che. kharekhara to je "utpAda, vyaya ane prauvyayukta che" te sat che. (4) karmanA kAraNe ja tenA phaLa bhogavavAnI apekSAe punarjanma thAya che. ema bhava eTale saMsAra cAle che. paNa AtmA kSaNika hoya to ema saMbhave nahi. (5) vaLI ApaNe mokSano paNa svIkAra karIe chIe. mokSa eTale baMdhanamAMthI mukti. paNa bauddho to koI sthira AtmAne mAnatA nathI. to pachI koNa A mukti meLavavA mATe prayatna kare che? tame kaho ke ame AtmasaMtAnamAM mAnIe chIe. paNa e kharekhara che ? jo che to pachI sarva kSaNika che, e siddhAntano bhaMga thaI jaze. anubhava karanAranuM ja bIjI kSaNe mRtyu thAya che, tethI tenI smRti ja raheze nahIM ane ema tamArA ja pakSamAM smRtibhaMga doSa paNa AvI paDaze ane A te ja padArtha che, evI pratyabhijJA paNa thaze nahi. (6) kSaNikatva pakSamAM jJAnakALe zeyanuM astitva nahIM hoya ane joyakALe jJAnanuM astitva nahIM hoya. Ama grAhya grAhakabhAvI ja saMbhavaze nahIM. tethI to sakala lokavyavahAra ja baMdha thaI jAya. (7) bauddho ema bacAva kare ke kSaNika evo padArtha pachInI kSaNamAM potAnA jevA AkAranuM samarpaNa karIne nAza pAme che. tethI jJAnanI kSaNa bhale te pote vidyamAna na hoya to paNa AkArasamarpaNane kAraNe te jJAnagrAhya banaze. jaino kahe che ke A paNa barAbara nathI. padArtha jayAre potAnA AkAra sAthe pUrvekSaNamAM hoya che, tyAre jJAna thatuM nathI. uttara kSaNe jJAna hoya tyAre AkAra samarpita karanAro padArtha hoto nathI. AthI Avo sAkAravAda zakya banaze nahi.13

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bhAratIya darzanomAM pariNAmavAda 57 Ama A AcAyoMe anya darzanonA ekAntika siddhAntonI maryAdA darzAvI vyApaka ane akhilAIbharI dRSTithI potAno pariNAmavAda sudaDha rIte sthApita karyo che. dravya ane paryAyo bhinna paNa che ane abhinna paNa che. paNa nitAnta bhinna ke abhinna nathI. baMne bhinna che, kAraNa ke te be che. paNa abhinna paNa che. kAraNe ekanA abhAvamAM bIjo rahI zakato nathI. jo anubhavanA AdhAre abheda svIkAravAno hoya to te ja anubhavanA AdhAre bhedane paNa svIkAravo joIe arthAt khaMDadarzanathI pUrNa satya prApta thatuM nathI. svamatanA atizaya Agrahane kAraNe darzanomAM AMzika satya ja pradarzita thatuM rahyuM che. anekAntavAda dvArA jainadarzane temanuM akhaMDa darzanamAM rUpAMtara karyuM che. DaoN. esa.mukarajI lakhe che - "The compartmental way of looking at things leads to the affirrmation of one and to the negation of the other. Since it concentrates on one and ignores the others. The besetting sin of philosophers has been the habit to put the telescope upon the blind eye and then to deduce that the other aspect is not real. The Jain philosopher voices the necessity of using both the eyes and of seeing the obverse of the coin of reality."18 noMdha: 2. 3. 4. 5. Agama vagere graMthonA nAma ane vigato mATe juo : The Samkhya-Yoga and the Jain Theories of Parinama, Dr. Indukala Zhaveri p. 83-90 tattvArthasUtra, pR.11 SaDdarzana samuccaya, 49 sarvadarzana TIkA - Arhatadarzana sa.., saMpA. DaoN.solomana, pR.100 parza rabdha varNavanta : putiH | - tAtU. 6ra4 paM. sukhalAlajI tattvA sU. pR. 239-40 paul Samkhya-Yoga and Jain theories of Parinama, Dr. Indukala Zaveri, p.p.145-146

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bhAratIya darzanomAM pariNAmavAda tattvArthasUtra pR. 229-27 10. ejana pR.227 sattA savvapayatyA savissarUpA aNaMtapajjAyA / maMguppAyaguvattA sappaDivakkhA havadi ekkA // 92. A3491 M2 241 : The Samkhya-Yoga and the Jain Theories of Parinama. Indukala Zhaveri, p.p. 125-132 13. juo "cAra darzano' - DaoN.vasaMta parIkha, pR.297-98 98. Jain Philosophy of non-Absolution. (p.74-76) quoted by Indukala Zaveri. | H I.

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(5) kevalAdvaita vedAntadarzana veda-upaniSada: ApaNe sAMkhyayoga, nyAya-vaizeSi-bauddha tathA jainadarzanonA siddhAntono kAryakAraNa ane pariNamananI daSTie paricaya karyo. anya keTalIka bAbatomAM bhinnatA hovA chatAM sAmAnya rIte A darzano vaitavAdI darzano che. sAMkhya mukhyatve be tattvo svIkAre che to nyAya, bauddha ane jaina tethI adhika tattvo svIkAre che. Ama bauddhono vijJAnavAda ane zUnyavAda apavAda gaNI zakAya. vijJAnavAda mAtra vijJAnane ja yathArtha mAnI padArthone vijJAna sarjita-mAnasika mAne che to zUnyavAda teno paNa asvIkAra kare che. kevalAdvaita vedAntanI vicAradhArAmAM keTalAka aMze A vijJAnavAda ane zUnyavAdanI asara jaNAya che, ema keTalAka vidvAno mAne che. ApaNe pUrve joyuM tema vedamAM sRSTisarjana aMge chUTA-chavAyA ullekho prasarelA che, to keTalAka sUkto ke keTalIka RcAomAM, vizvanI vividhatA ane padArthonI utpattinA mULamAM vibhinna nAmothI oLakhAtuM koI eka ja tattva che, evo paNa aNasAra ApavAmAM Avyo che. (jemake , sat vipra vahudhA vanti 2-264-46) upaniSadomAM jaLa, teja, pRthvI vagere tattvo ane temanI utpatti viSe vividha mato jovA maLe che, to paNa saravALe temano abhigama koI eka ja tattva ke paramasatuM - brahma ja che, ema pratipAdita karavAno rahyo che.' paraMtu AnAthI evuM spaSTapaNe kahI zakAya tema nathI ke A jagata kevaLa dekhAva ke AbhAsita che, evo upaniSadono siddhAMta che. Ama chatAM upaniSadamAM evA paNa ullekho jovA maLe che ke mAtra brahma ja paramArtha sat che. nAma rUpAtmaka jagata to mAtra vANIno ja vikAra che. jema mATInA eka piMDathI mATInA vividha padArtho jJAta thAya che ane te (ghaTa vagere) badhA vikAro mATInA nAmamAtrathI ja jJAta thatA vikAro che

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60 bhAratIya darzanomAM pariNAmavAda - satya to kevaLa mATI ja che, ema jagatanA vividha padArtho paNa eka ja tattva-brahmanA nAmathI ja jJAta vikAro che. Ama ahIM eka ja tattvano aMtima tattva tarIke svIkAra karavAmAM Avyo che ane jagatanA tattvono tenAthI svataMtra rUpe svIkAra karavAmAM nathI Avyo ema kahI zakAya. bIjI rIte kahIe to brahma A padArthonuM kAraNa che, paNa temAMthI ke temAM AvibhUta padArtho tattvataH tenAthI bhinna nathI. Ama eka judA abhigama ke prakArathI ahIM satkAryavAda che, ema kahI zakAya. paraMtu pramANamAM ghaNA arvAcIna keTalAka upaniSadomAM jagatanA padArthonI ATalI paNa vAstavikatAno niSedha karI temane mithyA, AbhAsa ke vivArtA mAnavAmAM AvyA che. saMbhava che ke temanA para bauddhonA vijJAnavAda ke zUnyavAdano prabhAva paDyo hoya. brahmasUtraH upaniSadonI Ama atratatra vahetI vicAradhArAne dArzanika rIte suvyavasthitarUpe gUthavAno prayAsa brahmasUtramAM karavAmAM Avyo. saMbhava che ke ekathI vadhAre AcAryoe brahmasUtro racyA hoya. paNa ApaNI pAse to hAla mAtra bAdarAyaNa vyAsa kRta brahmasUtra upalabdha che ane tenA paranuM zaMkarAcArye lakheluM bhASya suprasiddha che. A brahmasUtramAM paNa ekabAjuthI jagatanA tattvonI vAstavikatAno svIkAra karavAmAM Avyo che to anyatra jagatanA utpatti, sthiti ane layanuM mULa kAraNa ekamAtra brahma che, ema paNa kahevAmAM AvyuM che.* brahmasUtra kahe che ke brahma e jagatanuM (upAdAna ane nimitta) kAraNa che. pUrvapakSanA eka AkSepanuM khaMDana karatA te jaNAve che ke svaprasRSTi e to mAtra bhrAnti che. kevaLa mAyA che. jenA kAraNe brahma pUrNarUpe abhivyakta thatuM nathI. ahIM mAyA zabdano prayoga thayo che. paNa saMdarbha pramANe te svapranI sRSTine lAgu paDe che. pachIthI bhASyakAro ane TIkAkAroe ane jAgratAvasthAmAM pratIta sRSTinA saMdarbhamAM paNa prayojyo haze, ema kalpI zakAya. kAraNa-kArya ke pariNAmanI dRSTie vicAratA ema lAge che ke brahmasUtra aMzataH satkAryavAdathI sRSTi-utpAdana kriyAne rajU kare che. brahmathI atirikta jagata kevaLa AbhAsa ke vivarta che, e siddhAntano vikAsa pachIthI kevalAdvaita vedAntamAM thayo haze ane tenuM prabala pratipAdana gauDapAde mAMDukya upaniSadane AdhAra banAvIne racelI kArikAo (gauDapAda kArikA) mAM jovA maLe che.

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bhAratIya darzanomAM pariNAmavAda gauDapAda: gauDapAda (saMbhavataH I.sa.nI chaThThI sadI)nI vicAraNA para bauddhonA vijJAnavAda ane zUnyavAdanI spaSTa asara moTAbhAganA vidvAno mAne che, to paNa temaNe zruti pratipAdita brahmano ekamAtra paramArtha sat tattva tarIke svIkAra karyo che, te bhUlavuM na joIe. DaoN.solomana yathArtha ja lakhe che ke - "ema kahI zakAya ke mahAyAna saMpradAyanA vicAromAMthI keTalIka preraNA laI upaniSadonA tattvaciMtanane kevalAdvaitaparaka batAvavAno sau prathama vyavasthita prayAsa gauDapAdAcAryo karyo ane pachI zaMkarAcAryane mATe kevaLa upaniSadono AdhAra laI nyAyapUrNa rIte kevalAdvaita darzananI sthApanAmAM koI muzkelI na rahI, kAraNa ke upaniSadomAM yAjJavakyanA matamAM paNa A vicAra hato ja, vyavasthita rajUAta nahotI." gauDapAdakArikAnuM Agama prakaraNa tarIke oLakhAtuM prathama prakaraNa mAMDUkya upaniSadamAM prastuta jAgradAvasthA (vizva), svaprAvasthA (taja), suSupti (prAjJa) ane turIya (caturthI avasthAnuM vivaraNa kare che. teo kahe che ke "A daita mAyAmAtra che, paramArthataH advaita che. teo svapra ane jAgradevasthAnA anubhavone ekasarakhI rIte mithyA gaNe che, sivAya ke ekanI kalpanA manamAM thAya che ane bIjAmAM padArtho jANe ke bahAra hoya tema temanI kalpanA che. jema jAgraskALanA anubhavothI svaprakAlanA anubhavono bAdha thAya che, tema svaprakAlanA anubhavothI jAgratakAlanA anubhavono bAdha thAya che ane banne suSuptinI daSTie mithyA che ane e paNa turIya avasthAnI dRSTie mithyA che."10 A rIte gauDapAde jagata ke tenA AMtara-bAhya sarva padArthono saMpUrNa niSedha karI ajAtivAdanuM sthApana karyuM. tenI dalIla che ke je vastu AdimAM ke antamAM paNa nathI, te vaccenA gALAmAM vartamAnamAM) paNa nathI. asatya jevI hovA chatAM (ajJAnIo) emane sAcA jevI mAne che. AdAvante ca yannAsti vartamAne'pi tattathA / vitathaiH sadRzAH santo'vitathA iva lakSitAH // 2-6 pUrvapakSa zaMkA kare che ke jo (svata ane jAgrata) banne avasthAomAM dekhAtA bhedo mithyA hoya, to emane jANanAra, emanI kalpanA karanAra koNa che ?11 Ano artha spaSTa karatAM TIkAmAM AnaMdagiri kahe che ke ahIM evI zaMkA uThAvavAmAM AvI che ke jo badhuM mithyA hoya, to pramAtA-pramANa vagere vyavahAra siddha nahi thAya; kartA, karaNa, kAryanI vyavasthA paNa siddha nahi thAya. jo pramAtA ke kartA iSTa na hoya, to nairAya

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62 bhAratIya darzanomAM pariNAmavAda ja iSTa che, evI Apatti AvI paDaze. paraMtu ene ISTa mAnavuM zakya nathI, kAraNa ke AtmAnuM nirAkaraNa atyaMta muzkela che, kemake nirAkaraNa karanArAno ja AtmA che, evo artha thAya che.2 pachInI (2-12) kArikAmAM spaSTa karavAmAM AvyuM che ke Atmadeva potAnI mAyAthI pote ja potAne kahyuM che, e ja (e rIte) kalpelA bhedone jANe che. evo vedAnta (upaniSado) no nizcaya che. samartha AtmA potAnA cittanI aMdara (vAsanA rUpe) rahelA bIjA (sUkSma) padArthone vividha rUpe pragaTa kare che ane cittanI bahAra niyatarUpe rahelA (sthUla) padArthone paNa kahyuM che. (2-13) ahIM kahevAno bhAva e che ke duniyAmAM kuMbhAra ke vaNakara ghaDo ke vastra banAvavA mAMge, tyAre pahelAM buddhimAM, vyavahAra mATe ayogya emanA AkAronI bhAvanA karIne, pAchaLathI emane ja bahAra nAmarUpavALA banAve che. e rIte A Adi kartA paNa mAyArUpa potAnA cittamAM avyakta nAmarUpavALA sarjavA icchelA padArthonI pahelAM bhAvanA karIne, pAchaLathI badhA joI-jANI zake evA rUpomAM banAve che. kalpanAno Avo krama che. (Anandagiri) gauDapAda AgaLa kahe che ke AtmA pahelAM potAne jIva kahyuM che ane pachI vividha prakAranA bAhya ane AdhyAtmika bhAvone kahyuM che. enA jJAna mujaba enI smRti hoya che. (2-16). A rIte gauDapAdanA mate AMtara-bAhya padArtho ane jIvo paNa kevaLa AtmAbrahmanI kalpanA mAtra che. te vivarta mAtra che. paramArthata eka ja paramatattva brahma ja che. je kalpAya che, te to mAyAnA kAraNe ja ane A ja satya che. jo ekameva pAramArthika tattva hoya to pachI anya zabdano koI artha ja nathI. eTale vastutaH nathI pralaya, nathI utpatti, nathI baMdhanagrasta (sAdhako jIva, nathI mumukSu ke nathI mukta. A ja paramArthatA che. 14 Ama ajAtivAdanI ghoSaNA karyA pachI gauDapAda kAryakAraNavAdanI vitathatA darzAve che. sAMkhyanA satkAryavAda ane nyAya-vaizeSikonA asatkAryavAdanuM teo khaMDana kare che. satkAryavAdIo mAne che ke kArya kAraNamAM pahelAthI ja sUkSmarUpe nihita hoya che. gauDapAda kahe che ke je pahelethI ja hoya te pachI utpanna thayuM, ema kahevAno artha ja nathI.

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bhAratIya darzanomAM pariNAmavAda 63 te che ja. vaLI satkAryavAda pramANe mATInI jema upAdAna kAraNa ja kAryarUpa che arthAt kAryanA AkAre pariName che. e mujaba pradhAna vagere kAraNa ajanmA rahIne mahatu tattva vagere kAryarUpe janme che, evo artha thAya. paNa mahatu vagere rUpe jo pradhAna janmatuM hoya to ene ajanmA zI rIte kahevAya ? tethI ajanmA janme che, evI viparIta vAta kare che. vaLI teo pradhAnane nitya mAne che. paraMtu eka bhAgamAM bhAMgI gaeluM - phUTI gayeluM - e pradhAna nitya zI rIte hoI zake ? lokamAM eka bhAgathI phUTI jatAM avayavovALA ghaDA vagere padArtho nitya jovAmAM AvatA nathI. eka bhAgamAM bhAMgeluM hovuM ane sAthe sAthe nitya paNa hovuM - evI viruddha vAta ja teo kare che. maraghIno eka bhAga rAMdhavA mATe ane bIjo bhAga IMDA mUkavA mATe rAkhI zakAya nahi." * gauDapAda bauddhono asatkAryavAdanuM paNa khaMDana kare che. teo kahe che ke - asatamAMthI sat utpanna thAya che, evA matanuM samarthana kare evuM koI daSTAnta nathI. daSTAntanA abhAvamAM e ja vastuthI kAMI utpanna thatuM nathI ema sAbita thAya che.16 nyAyavaizeSikonA asat kAryavAdanuM khaMDana gauDapAda mAtra tumasastutaH | asatpadArtha sahetuvALo kema thaI zake ? ema kahIne kare che arthAt sahetumAMthI asakArya saMbhavI zakatuM nathI. (4-40) A uparAMta gauDapAda bauddhonA bAhyArthavAda, vijJAnavAda ane zUnyavAdanuM paNa khaMDana kare che. (4-25-28) Ama A badhA kAryakAraNavAdanuM khaMDana karI gauDapAda kahe che ke asat padArtha asat hetuvALo, sat padArtha asat hetuvALo, sat padArtha sat hetuvALo ane asat padArtha sat hetuvALo hoto nathI. (4-40) bhASyamAM A arthano upasaMhAra karatAM zaMkarAcArya kahe che ke - A sivAya bIjo koI kAryakAraNabhAva saMbhavato nathI, temaja kalpI paNa zakAto nathI. tethI vivekIonI daSTie koIno paNa kAryakAraNabhAva siddha thaI zakato nathI, evo abhiprAya che.' jo eka paramatattva ja satya hoya ane te sivAya bIjuM kaMI ja na hoya to vyavahAramAM jaNAtA jaDa ane cetana padArthono zo khulAso che ? evI zaMkAnA uttaramAM gauDapAda kahe che, e badhA vAstavamAM che nahIM paNa saMvRtti - eTale ke avidyA ke mAyAthI ja hoya evA bhAse che. jIvo ke itara padArtho tattvataH nathI janmatA emano janma mAyA jevo che ane mAyAnuM to astitva ja nathI. Ama chevaTanI sthitimAM to avidyA jevuM paNa kaMI ja nathI.

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64 bhAratIya darzanomAM pariNAmavAda Ama kAryakAraNavAdanA vaLagaNathI mukta evo ajAtivAda ja satya che. nizcala, paramatattva ja paramArtha satya che. DaoN. solomana dhyAna dore che ke "ajAtivAda tarIke gauDapAdano mata oLakhAya che; jo ke e nAma paNa pAramArthika dRSTie barAbara nathI. kAraNa ke jAti ke utpatti ja na hoya tyAM ajAtinuM koI sArthakya rahetuM nathI, paNa vANInI maryAdAo che ja. koI abhivyakti karavI hoya to "ajAti' - e parama satyanI sauthI najIka Ave che."18 zAMkaramata: upaniSada, bauddhonA vijJAnavAda ane zUnyavAda tathA gauDapAdanA ajAtivAda - e sahumAM prApta thatI vicAraNAmAM prathama dRSTie vaividhyarUpe vilasatA bAhyapadArtho ke jagatanA svataMtra vAstavika astitvano asvIkAra thato jovA maLe che, to nyAya-vaizeSika vibhinna matonuM tArkika, Akalana karI temAM AMtarika anubhava ane zrutinA pramANane paNa lakSyamAM laI AdyazaMkarAcArye kevalAdvaitano siddhAMta sthApita karyo. emanA jIvana ane kAryathI vidvAno suparicita che. emaNe upaniSado, gItA ane brahmasUtra - e prasthAnatrayI upara lakhelA bhASyo, anya prakaraNagraMtho temaja vividha stotro paNa prasiddha ja che. prAcIna upaniSadomAM prasphaTita advaita siddhAMta - kevaLa brahma ja ekamAtra pAramArthika satya che - e zrI zaMkarAcArye emanA gahana ciMtananA paripAka rUpe sthApita karyo. brahma ja eka parama satya che, e ja aMtima mata dharAvatA hovA chatAM emaNe jagatanI vyavahArika sattAno paNa svIkAra karyo che. sAmAnya rIte jagatanA anekavidha prakAranA saMbaMdho racAyA kare che ane e uparAMta ApaNe sukha-du:kha, ciMtA-kalpanAvicAra-lAgaNI vagere bhAvo paNa anubhavIe chIe. vaLI A sahunA paraspara saMbaMdho viSe vicAra karI zakya hoya tyAM kArya-kAraNa saMbaMdha paNa zodhavA prayatna karIe chIe. AMtara-bAhya parivartanone nihALIe chIe ane enI asarathI ApaNI jIvanazailI paNa ghaDIe chIe. A badhuM ja jagatanI padArthamUlaka vAstavikatA (Objective Reality) svIkAravAthI zakya bane che ane A bhAva ApaNAmAM lAMbA samayathI -

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bhAratIya darzanomAM pariNAmavAda 65 yugothI rUDha thaI cUkyo che. tethI tene badalavo hoya ke nirmULa karavo hoya to te mATe eka khAsa paddhati apanAvavI paDe. eTale zrI zaMkarAcArye vyavahArika sattAno prathama to svIkAra karyo. paNa sAthe sAthe ema paNa kahyuM ke astitva ke sattA vyAvahArika sattA evA eka ja prakAranI nathI. e sattA traNa prakAranI hoI zake - vyAvahArika, pratibhAsika ane pAramArthika. vyAvahArika sattA sAthe ApaNo gharobo che. tethI zrI zaMkarAcArye eno svIkAra to karyo. eTaluM ja nahIM vijJAnavAdano virodha karI eno bacAva paNa karyo. temaNe Izvarano paNa e rIte svIkAra karI, tene jagatano sraSTA paNa mAnyo. vaidika karmakAMDa paNa svIkAryA. pApa-puNya ane devayAna-pitRyAnanI mAnyatA paNa svIkArI. paraMtu A badhuM svIkAryA pachI emaNe jANe ke tarata ja ema paNa kahyuM ke - A ApaNI samajaNa che ane e samajaNanuM nAma che aparAvidyA. aparAvidyA vyAvahArika sattA ane kArya-kAraNa saMbaMdhane svIkArIne cAle che ane e rIte emaNe sAMkhyanA satkAryavAdane anumodana paNa ApyuM. paNa pachI emaNe kahyuM ke eka parAvidyA paNa che. tenA prakAzamAM jo joIzuM to padArthonI vividhatA ogaLatI jaze. eTaluM ja nahIM, paNa temanI sattA kharekhara ApaNe je rIte mAnavA TevAyelA chIe, evI nathI. e to deza-kALa ane nimitta vagerethI pratIta thatI lAge che. e sImAothI mukta thaIne joIe tyAre satkAryavAda pramANe eka ja tattvanA AvirbhAva rUpe jagata che ema samajAze. paNa sAMkhyano satkAryavAda-prakRtijaDatattvane AnuM kAraNa mAne che ane cetana evA puruSane udAsIna ke niSkriya mAne che. teno zaMkarAcArya virodha kare che. puruSa ane prakRti evA be aMtima tattvonA sthAne mAtra eka ja cetana sarvavyApI - adraya tattva che. vaLI sAMkhyanA pariNamanane paNa zaMkara svIkAratA nathI. mULa tattva brahma avikArI che. tethI te jagatanuM upAdAna kAraNa mAno to paNa svayaM koI pariNamana pAmatuM nathI. te pariNamana nathI, paNa mAtra vivarta che. brahma Ama jagatarUpe mAtra dekhAya che, paNa mULamAM te brahmathI bhinna nathI. A kAryakAraNavAdane vivartavAda kahevAmAM Ave che. 20 kevalAdvaitavedAntano A vivartavAda anya kAryakAraNavAdothI e rIte jUdo paDe che ke AmAM koI vAstavika pariNamana thatuM nathI. Ama vyAvahArika sattAmAMthI pratibhAsika sattA tarapha zaMkara laI jAya che. paNa Ama kema thAya che, enA uttaramAM zrI zaMkara kahe che ke Ama adhyAsa-avidyA ke mAyAthI thAya che. avidyAne lIdhe ja brahmamAM jagata-jIvAtmA vagere utpanna thatA jaNAya che. jema avidyAthI brahma vyAvahArika jagatarUpe bhAse che, tema dehastha caitanyarUpa jIvanI paNa vyAvahArika sattA che. kharekhara to AtmA paNa brahma ja che : jIvAtmA

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bhAratIya darzanomAM pariNAmavAda zarIrathI bhinna hovA chatAM zarIranA kRzatA vagere dharmono AtmAmAM adhyAropa karI huM kRza chuM, sthULa chuM ema mAne che. A adhyAropa vyavahAramAM sArvatrika che. tenA mULamAM avidyA che. avidyAne mAyA paNa kahe che. (jo ke keTalAka AcAryo mAyA ane avidyAne bhinna mAnI emanA kAryo Ape che, paNa zrI zaMkare evA pratItipUrvakanA bhedano Agraha rAkhyo hoya tema lAgato nathI.) avidyA ke mAyAnA svarUpa ane tenA Azraya viSe temaja jo te brahmanI zakti che, to te brahmathI bhinna che ke abhinna ane e sthitimAM brahmanA svarUpa viSe - ema pachInA vedAntAcAryoe ghaNI UMDI carcA vicAraNA karI che. mAyA ke avidyAnA kAraNe ja, je nathI te dekhAya che. paNa tenAthI je kharekhara che, temAM koI phera paDato nathI. dehadharmono adhyAsa AtmAne ke jagatano adhyAsa brahmane koI ja asara pamADI zakato nathI. ahIM kevaLa nAma-rUpa ja badalAya che. jema jAdugara para tenI mAyA-jAlanI koI asara thatI nathI, kAraNa ke te mithyA che, tema avidyAthI adhyasta jagata prapaMcathI parama AtmAmAM koI vikAra thato nathI. A uparAMta mithyAtva ke AbhAsa mATe raju-sarpanuM daSTAnta paNa ApavAmAM Ave ja che. vedAntanA vivartavAdanuM A ja svArasya che. A vivartavAdane samajAvatA svAmI vivekAnaMda kahe che - According to the Advaitist proper, the followers of Shankaracharya, the whole Universe is the apparent evolution of God... The celebrated illustration used is that of the rope and the snake, while the rope appeared to be the snake, but was not really so. The rope did not really Being. It is unchanged and all the changes we see in it are only apparent. These changes are caused by Desh, Kala and Nimitt (space, time and caution) or according to a higher psychological generalization by Nama and Rupa (name and form). It is only by name and form that one thing is differentiated from another. Again it is not, the Vedantists say, that there is something as phenomenon and something as noumenon. The rope is changed into the snake appearantly only and when the delusion ceases, the snake vanishes.?? zaMkarAcAryanA anuyAyIo avidyAne ja jagatanuM upAdAna kAraNa mAnI tene ja sattvAdi triguNamayI kahI che. A rIte jotAM "vyAvahArika ke aparAvidyAnI dRSTie koI jagata kAraNanI samajUti ApavI hoya to avidyAne AvI kAraNa zakti mAnavI anivArya bane che. bAkI kevalAdvaitamAM kAryakAraNa bhAvane pAramArthika dRSTie koI avakAza nathI.23

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bhAratIya darzanomAM pariNAmavAda 67 Ama joIe to "avidyA paNa pAramArthika dRSTie mithyA che. kAraNa ke e brahmanA svarUpano aMza hoI zake nahi. ema lAge che ke jagata prapaMcane mithyA ane pAramArthika dRSTie asat tarIke ghaTAvavA mATe avidyA mAnI che; pAramArthika dRSTimAM avidyAnuM paNa koI astitva nathI."24 parAvidyA ke jJAnathI A avidyAnuM nirasana thatA adhyAso paNa dUra thatA ja brahmanI aparokSa anubhUti thatA huM ja saccidAnaMda brahma chuM, evI je avasthAnI punaHprApti te ja mokSa che. yogavAsiSThaH kevalAdvaitavedAntanI vicAradhArAnI prastutimAM yogavAsiSTha rAmAyaNa paNa eka noMdhapAtra graMtha che. teno mukhya viSaya vivartavAda ja che. paNa te kaThina viSayane ahIM aneka rasabharI kathAothI rocaka banAvavAmAM Avyo che, te tenI vizeSatA che. maharSi vasiSTha ane zrIrAma vaccenA saMvAdarUpe racAelA A graMthamAM bhAratIya darzanonA siddhAMtonuM pariSkRta saMskaraNa ane niSkarSarUpe ajAtivAdanuM sthApana thayuM che. yo.vAmAM prabodhita vedAnta vicAra saMkSepamAM A pramANe che - ekamAtra brahma ja pUrNarUpe prakAze che. A je dRzyarUpI jagata che, te svamanI jema AtmAmAM ja bhAse che. 25 AtmA to jevo che, tevo ja rahe che. te ja sat che. tenA Rta, AtmA, parabrahma, satya evA nAmo kalpAelA che. te AtmA koIpaNa vikAra pAmato nathI. paraMtu brAntine lIdhe te "jIva" evuM zudra nAma prApta kare che. pachI saMkalpAdinA manana dvArA te mana tarIke bhAse che. jema jhAMjhavAnA jaLanI nadI sAcI jevI jaNAtI mithyA caMcaLa laharIo utpanna kare che, tema mana sAcI jevI jaNAtI jagata evI mithyA indrajALanI zobhA utpanna kare che. daSTA upara dazyanI sattA thAya che, te ja baMdha che. paNa dazyano bAdha thavAthI tenA mithyApaNAnuM jJAna thAya che, pachI kevaLa dRSTA-AtmA ja rahe che, te ja mokSa che.(21) kharuM jotA to AtmA vagere nAmo paNa svAbhAvika nathI, te paNa kalpita che - Aropita che. sAMkhyazAstrIo tene puruSa kahe che, vedAnta zAstrIo tene atyaMta nirmaLazuddha brahma kahe che. vijJAnavAdIo tene kSaNika vijJAnarUpa kahe che to zUnyavAdIo tene zUnya kahe che. A jagatamAM sarva padArtho mithyA che, chatAM paNa tenI sattAthI ja sattAvAna jaNAya che. zAMta svarUpa e paramAtmA asaMga che. zuddha jJAnasvarUpa ane adhiSThAna svarUpa

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68 bhAratIya darzanomAM pariNAmavAda che; nirvikAra che, utpatti-sthiti AdithI rahita evA potAnA svarUpamAM ja te ekalA ja sthita che.(2-5) brahmamAM kalpAtI sRSTi citramAM Alekhita kAlpanika sRSTi samAna che. bhIMtamAM AlekhelI citrasRSTi potAnA adhiSThAna (bhIMta) rUpa ja che, jema citrasRSTimAM vikArano bhAva dekhAvA chatAM tenA adhiSThAnamAM vastutaH kazo vikAra hoto nathI, tema A sRSTinI aMdara vikAro dekhAvA chatAM adhiSThAna dRSTie jotAM temAM kazo vikAra che ja nahIM arthAt sRSTi caitanyathI bhinna nathI. adhiSThAna caitanya pote ja che. tethI adhiSThAna rUpe joIe to (eka rIte) bAhya sRSTinA padArtho satya che, ema kalpI zakAya. jeo dravya, guNa, karma Adi bAhya padAthone mAnanArA (naiyAyika vagere) bAhyAvAdIo che, temano ane vijJAnavAdIono mata amArA siddhAMtamAM (virodhI nahIM rahetA) ekarUpe maLI jAya che. kemake bAhyArthavAdIonA bahAra dekhAtA dravyAdi padArtho ane vijJAnavAdIonuM aMdara rahenAruM vijJAna - e banne asatya hovAthI - adhiSThAnathI bhinna sattAvALA nathI, paNa sadA cidAtmarUpa ja che. Ama sarvathI aMte bAkI rahenAra to kevaLa brahma sattA ja che.(638) rAma-he mahArAja ! jyAre eka nathI, be nathI, kaMI ja nathI, tyAre vasiSTha koNa che? vasiSTha mauna dhAraNa karyuM. rAme pharIthI pUchyuM "mahArAja ! Apa mauna dhAraNa karI zA mATe besI rahyA cho ?" vasiSTha-he rAma! je je vANIno viSaya che, te game tevo vyAvahArika hoya ke game tevo pAramArthika hoya, paNa temAMno koI vikalpa doSamukta nathI. tethI tyAM mauna sivAya bIjo koI uttara ApI zakAto nathI. Atmapada vANInA doSane dhAraNa karatuM nathI, tethI te anirvacanIya che. jo tame pUcho ke - huM, tame, A jagata zuM che? to jJAnanI prApti thayA agAu ja teno uttara ApI zakAya ke - sarva brahmarUpa che. paraMtu jJAna prApta thayA pachI to mAtra mauna e ja uttara che. have jo pUchavAmAM Ave ke e pada prApta thayA pachI jJAnIno vyavahAra kevI rIte cAle che? to uttara e ja che ke nirvANapadamAM to vyavahAra bilakula zakya ja nathI. rAma-jo sRSTi utpanna ja nathI thaI ane jaNAya che te kevaLa bhrAnti ja che, to A bhrAnti kone thaI ?

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bhAratIya darzanomAM pariNAmavAda vasiSTha-kharuM jotAM brAnti jevI koI vastu nathI. mAtra AtmajJAnanI daDhatA na hovAthI ekameva paramAtmA ja sarvatra che, tevo nizcaya na thAya, tyAM sudhI vividha padArthono bhrama thAya che. paramArtha dRSTie to huM jJAnI chuM ke brahma chuM, evuM kathana paNa thaI zakatuM nathI. chevaTe mauna rahevuM ja zreyaskara che. kAraNa ke A viSaya mana ane vANIthI 52 cha. - (niants. 6ttarArtha) noMdha: 1. bha3 - tasmAd vA etasmAdAtmanaH AkAzaH saMbhUtaH / tai. upa., 2-1 - sa imAllokAnasRjata / aita. upa. 2 - sa prANamasRjata prANAcchraddhAM vAyotirApaH pRthivIndriyaM / mano'nnamannAd vIryaM tapo manvAH karma lokA lokeSu ca nAma ca / prazno., 5-6-4 to - mAvA vidhAno 59 // che. manasaivedamAtavyaM neha nAnAsti kiMcana / mRtyoH sa mRtyuM gacchati ya iha nAneva pazyati // kaThopa., 2-1-11 sarvaM khalu idaM brahma / chAMdogyopa.3-14-1 sadeva saumyedamagra AsIdekamevA. dvitIyam / chAMdogyopa. 6-2-1 vAcArambhaNaM vikArau nAmadheyaM mRtiketyaiva satyam / - chAMdogyopa., 6-1-4 3. yathA saumyaikena mRtpiNDena sarvaM mRNmayaM vijJAnaM syAd vAcArambhaNaM vikAro nAmadheyaM mRtiketyaiva satyam // - chAMdogyopa., 6-1-4 idaM prapaJcaM yatkicciyad jagati vidyate / dRzyarUpaM ca dRgrUpaM sarvaM zazaviSANavat // - tejobindu upa. 5-75 yathaiva zUnyo vetAlo gandharvANAM puraM yathA yathAkAze hicandratvaM tadvatsatye jagatsthitiH // 16 // jagannAmnA cidAbhAti sarvaM brahmaiva kevalam / yathA vandhyAsuto nAsti tathA nAsti marau jalam // 18 // - yogazikhopa. 5. pra.sU., 2-3-1-15 prA.sU., 1 1-2 AtmakRteH pariNAmAt / 1-4-26 . yonizca hi gIyate / 1-4-27 mAyAmAnaM ta kAtsnyenAbhivyaktasvarUpatvAt / 3-2-3

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70 bhAratIya darzanomAM pariNAmavAda 9. sarvazana saMgraha, pra. pR. 142 10. mena, pR.147 11. gau3. 1. 2-11 12. mAM. 75. gau3 1., Ai.mA.AnaMER 21.51 sahita, anu.2mdh|| vyAsa, pR.132 * 13. mena, pR.135 . na nirodho na cotpattirna baddho na ca sAdhakaH / na mumukSurna vai mukta ityeSA paramArthatA // 2-32 15. kAraNaM yasya vai kArya kAraNaM tasya jAyate / jAyamAnaM kathamajaM bhinnaM nityaM kathaM ca tat // 4-11 temaja 4-12 ane tenA paranuM zAMkarabhASya - na hi kukkuTya ekadezaH pacyata ekadazaH prasavAya kalpyate / me4 pR.275-77 gau3 51., 4-13 17. na cAnyaH kAryakAraNabhAvaH saMbhavati zakyo vA kalpayitum / ato vivekinAmasiddha eva kAryakAraNabhAvaH kasyacidityabhiprAyaH / 18. sarva 6.saM. pra., pR. 145 18. pra.sU.za.mA. 2-2 20. ArambhavAdaH kaNabhakSapakSaH, saGghAtavAdastu bhadantapakSaH / sAMkhyAdipakSaH pariNAmavAdaH, vedAntapakSastu vivartavAdaH // - saMkSepazArIraka - sarvAjJAtmamuni-2 162 21. sa vAcArambhaNena ca vikAra jAtasyAnRtatvAbhidhAnavAt / bra.sU.bhA.2-1-14 22. Complete works Vol. 1 (1977) p.363 23. DaoN. solomana, sa.6.saM., pra. 5.153 24. me4na, pR.155 yathA svapno mahArambho bhrAntireva na vastutaH / dIrghasvapnaM tathaivedaM viddhi cittopapAditam // 4-45-24 26. sarvameva manomAtrabhrAntyullAsavijRmbhaNam / 3-67-27 evaM yadeva manaH kalpayati tadeva pazyati / 3-67-82 25.

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madhuparka svAmI vivekAnaMde ucita ja kahyuM che ke "bhAratIya darzana asatyamAMthI satya tarapha nahIM, paraMtu apara satya (Lower Truth) mAMthI parama satya (Higher Truth) tarapha gati kare che." ApaNe sAMkhya, nyAya-vaizeSika, bauddha, jaina ane kevalAdvaita - e darzanomAM satyane zodhavAnA sanniSTha prayAsono yathAzakya paricaya karyo. pratyeka darzanano potAnI AgavI paddhati ane potAno Agavo abhigama che. e kAraNe dRSTibheda jaNAvA chatAM paNa te te darzana koIno koI satyAMzane pragaTa kare che. ahIM mAtra pariNamana ane kAryakAraNanA saMdarbha ja mukhyatve vicAraNAno upakrama hovAthI A darzananA samagra vicArakSetrane AvarI zakAyuM nathI, to paNa Avazyaka evA anya muddAono Achero sparza karI zakAyo che. udAra cittavALA sahRdayI vidvAno A prastutimAM rahelI kSatipUrti karavA sakSama che, tevI zraddhA che. uparyukta darzanonA abhyAsamAMthI keTalIka sarva sAmAnya vizeSatAo upasI Ave che. je A pramANe gaNI zakAya. 1. A darzano emanI vicAraNAno AraMbha jagatanI vAstavika sthitinA svIkAra sAthe kare che. tenA svarUpa, vaividhya, pariNamana ane temAMthI phalita kAryakAraNanI spaSTatA Ape che. 2. te mATe teo keTalAka tattvone svIkAra karI temanA pAraspArika saMbaMdhone tapAse che. 3. emanI paddhati ane mathAmaNa pradhAnapaNe buddhi ke tarka vaDe kare che. paraMtu tarkanI paNa eka sImA che, te paNa teo jANe che. eTale jarUra paDe tyAre temane mAnya ane zraddheya evA AgamanA pramANanI paNa teo sahAya le che.

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bhAratIya darzanomAM pariNAmavAda AmAM apavAda e che ke pachInA samayanA AcAryo svapakSa sthApanAnA abhinivezathI parapakSa khaMDana karavAnA utsAhamAM tarkane vizeSa pramANamAM kheMcI jaI zabdajALa ubhI karI de che, je ApaNane gaLe utAravI kaThina thaI paDe che. e to ThIka, paNa kyAreka teo pote paNa vicitra paristhitimAM mUkAI jAya che. tarka ane kevaLa tarka para ja AdhAra rAkhavAthI AvI sthiti AvI paDe te svAbhAvika ja che. barTAnDa rasele kyAMka lakhyuM che ke "Avo philosophara aMte asaMgati (ebsarDaTi)mAM pahoMcI jAya che." rasela barkaleno mata rajU kare che. te A pramANe che - "sAmAnya rIte vicAratA jagatamAM aneka vastuo ApaNane dekhAya che athavA pratIta thAya che. tenuM kAraNa pratyeka vastumAM aneka dharmo (guNadharmo athavA guNo rahelAM che, te lAge che. jemake ApaNe eka Tebala joyuM. paNa joyuM eTale zuM? kharekhara to ApaNe rUpa, laMbAI, jADAI, pahoLAI (parimANa) vagere joyA, eTale ke keTalAka guNo amuka rIte joyA (?) ane enA saMyukta pariNAma rUpe ApaNane "Tebala' evI eka nizcita vastuno khyAla baMdhAyo. Ano artha to e thayo ke mAtra guNo ja che, dravya jevuM koI svataMtra tattva che ja nahi. paNa muzkelI e che ke koIpaNa guNane svataMtra rIte ApaNe anubhavI zakatA nathI. "rUpane kevaLa "rUpa' tarIke ApaNe joI zakatA nathI, te koIkanuM rUpa hoya tyAre ja te dekhAya ane A "koIka' zuM che? e ja ke jemAM rUpa hoya che. A to virodhAbhAsa thayo. pariNAme ApaNe kharekhara eka AbhAsanuM ja grahaNa karIe chIe." (juo : Some Problems of Philosophy - Ch.1) eTale pratyeka darzana tarka uparAMta anubhavane paNa sthAna Ape che. tArkika vizleSaNa bhale game teTaluM karo, paNa chevaTe to vyavahAra ke anubhava ja baLavAna che - evo nyAya-vaizeSikono to pracalita mata che ja. 6. to vijJAnavAda ane kevalAdvaita jevA darzanomAM, tarka ane anubhava uparAMta AMtara-preraNA (InTIyuzana)ne paNa mahattva ApavAmAM AvyuM che. anubhava paNa kyAreka sAco na hoya. dhyAna ane nididhyAsanathI thatI AMtarapreraNA dvArA satyano prakAza thAya che. 7. Ama tarka, anubhava ane AMtarapreraNA e sarvano vivekapUrNa upayoga satyanI dizAmAM dorI jAya che.

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bhAratIya darzanomAM pariNAmavAda 73 8. A darzanomAM Izvarane zakya teTalo dUra rAkhavAmAM Avyo che. Izvara che ke nahIM, e carcAthI dUra rahIne ahIM satyanI zodha thaI che. nyAyadarzanamAM Izvarano svIkAra che, paNa tenuM kArya jaDa aNune prathama gati ApavA tathA jIvonA karmaphaLanuM niyamana karavA pUratuM ja sImita che. 9. Ama chatAM cArvAkane bAda karatA A darzanoe caitanya sattAno svIkAra karyo che. kAraNa ke jagatamAM thatA pariNamanomAM gati nihita che ane jaDatattvomAM svayameva gati na saMbhave, tethI caitanyanI anivAryatA che. sAMkhyamAM e puruSa che. jaina, nyAya-vaizeSika ane vedAntamAM te AtmA che. bauddhomAM te kSaNika caitanya saMtati che. 10. jaDa ane cetanamAM cetana ja mahattvanuM che. kAraNa ke jaDanA saMparkathI athavA to ajJAnane kAraNe jaDa sAthe adhyAsarUpe abheda kalpavAthI sukha-duHkha-baMdhana vagereno anubhava cetanane AtmAne thAya che ane temAMthI mukta thavuM e ja parama puruSArtha che. tema mAnavAmAM AvyuM che. A badhAM prAyaH sarvadarzanonA sAmAnya abhigamo che. paNa ethI alaga pratyekano potAno paNa viziSTa abhigama hoya che. temAM vaita athavA bAhya padArthavAda, satkAryavAda ke AraMbhavAda evA mato che, to sAme pakSe kevalAdvaita ke vivartavAda jevA mata paNa che. tenA mULamAM sRSTi-daSTivAda ke daSTisRSTivAda rahelA che. te baMne viSe paNa ghaNuM kheDANa thayuM che. paraMtu sarvadarzanonuM aMtima lakSya vivekathI nijasvarUpanI zodha dvArA AtyaMtika ane aikAntika duHkhanivRtti ke mokSa rahyuM che ane te mAtra zuddha jJAna-vivekathI zakya bane ane zuddha jJAna, zuddha AcAra vinA zakya nathI. tethI pratyeka darzane sAdhanAne paNa Avazyaka darzAvI che. eTale ja sAMkhya-nyAya-bauddha-jaina vagere darzanoe yoga ke sadAcAra, saguNonI prApti para bhAra mUkyo che. kevalAdvaitavAdI zrI zaMkare paNa sAdhana catuSTayane jJAnanI pUrvazarata tarIke prabodhyuM che. Ama, bhAratIya darzana ane dharma jIvanazailI ane jIvananA parama lakSya evA mokSa ke nijAnaMdanI upalabdhimAM ekarUpa thaI jAya che - te ja A darzananI mahattA che. saMdarbhagraMthasUciH IzAdidazopaniSada-zAMkarabhASya sahita - motIlAla banArasIdAsa - dillI. tattvArthasUtra (gujarAtI vyAkhyA sahita) - paM.sukhalAlajI - gUjarAta vidyApITha, amadAvAda

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74 bhAratIya darzanomAM pariNAmavAda tamaSA - saMpA. DaoN. jeTalI-parIkha, amadAvAda tasaMgraha (vIpikA TIvahita) - saMpA. DaoN. jeTalI-parIkha, amadAvAda cAyatI-rAta mAdhya parva TIkAtrayopetA - saMpA. DaoN. jeTalI-parIkha, amadAvAda pramANamImAMsA - saMpA. paM.sukhalAlajI sAMdhyavArikA - saMpA. DaoN. jeTalI-parIkha, amadAvAda sAMmtattvajaumuvI - saMpA. DaoN.vasaMta parIkha - yuni.graMthanirmANa borDa, amadAvAda sAMdhyasUtra-vijJAnaupakSa mAga sahita - motIlAla banArasIdAsa, dilhI sarvanarsa6 - - saMpA. DaoN.estara solomana, saMskRta sAhitya akAdamI, gAMdhInagara yogasUtra - vyAsabhASya tathA tattvavaizAradI sAthe, anu.DaoN.Ara.TI.vyAsa, saM.sA.akA. pauDapatiriza - zAMkarabhASya ane AnaMdagirinI TIkA sAthe, guja.pustakAlaya, vaDodarA Early Samkhya - Johnston Evolution of Samkhya School of thought - Dr. Anima Sengupta Samkhya System - Keith History of Indian Philosophy, 1 Dasgupta Encyclopaedia of Indian Philosophy, 2. Potter The Central Philosophy of Buddhism, T.R.V. Studies in Jain Philosophy, Nathmal Tatia Critique of Indian Realism, Dr. D.N.Shastri Avidya, Dr. Soloman Indian Philosophy, Pulingndla The Sankhya Yoga and The Jain Theories of Parinama - Dr. Indukala Zaveri, Guj. University bhAratIya vidyA, paM.sukhalAlajI darzana ane ciMtana, paM.sukhalAlajI sAMkhyayoga, DaoN.nagIna zAha nyAya-vaizeSika, DaoN.nagIna zAha cAra darzana, DaoN.vasaMta parIkha | | |

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pariziSTa pAzcAtya darzanamAM pariNamana-vicAra sRSTinI racanA, jIvanano marma ane satpanA svarUpa aMgenA keTalAka mULabhUta prazno to mANasa samajaNa ApI tyArathI karato ja rahyo che ane ema eno darzananA kSetramAM praveza bahu pahelAthI ja thaI gayo che. chatAM paNa prAkRtika tattvo ane ghaTanAonA khulAsA mATe purAkathAo ane devatAkendrI mAnyatAomAMthI mukta thaI buddhithI jayAre A praznone tapAsavAno upakrama AraMbhAyo tyArathI ja "darzana' eka zAstra banavA lAgyuM haze. pazcimanA dezomAM A pravRtti sokreTIsanI pUrve ghaNI vahelAM zarU thaI hatI. e samayanA keTalAeka vicArakoe karalo ciMtananA keTalAka aMzo upalabdha che. tyAMthI zarU karIe - teo nisargavAdI ciMtako kahevAya che. eziyA mAinora taTa pradezanA grIka nagaromAM eka samaye miliTasa nAmanuM eka nagara susamRddha hatuM. A nagaramAM keTalAeka dArzaniko isunI pUrve lagabhaga sAtamI sadImAM thaI gayA. nagaranA nAma parathI emane mAyaliziana tattvattAo kahevAmAM Ave che. temAM prathama Ave che thelIjha (i.sa. pU. 624-546). vizvamAM bhale aneka padArtho hoya, paNa te sahunuM mULabhUta tattva karyuM che.' A praznanA uttaramAM thelIjha kahe che ke "pANI' e ja mULa tattva che ane temAMthI ja vividha rIte pariNamana pAmI anya padArtho bane che. Ama mAnavA pAchaLa thelIjha pAse kayA kAraNo hatA te jANI zakAtuM nathI paNa temAM sRSTinA mULamAM rahelI ekatA tarapha teNe sahu prathama dhyAna doryuM te mahattvanuM che. thelIjhanA lagabhaga samakAlIna evA enephajhImenDare (i.sa. pU. 611-546) thelIjhanA matano asvIkAra karyo. enejhImenDara mAne che ke AvuM virATa ane vaividhyasabhara vizva mAtra "jaLa'mAMthI ja utpanna thAya tema svIkArI zakAya nahIM. jaLa paNa anya padArthonI jema eka padArtha ja che. vaLI jagatanA A padArtho utpanna thAya

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bhAratIya darzanomAM pariNAmavAda che, badalAya che ane nAza pAme che. teo sImita che. Ama sImita ane nazvara padArtha - jaLa vizvanuM mULa tattva thaI zake nahIM. te mATe to eka sarvavyApaka asIma-zAzvata tattvano ja svIkAra karavo joIe. paNa A asIma tattva viSe enekTImenDare vizeSa ciMtana karyuM hoya to paNa te upalabdha nathI. paraMtu ApaNane, tenA A asIma-vyApaka tattvanA khyAlanI sAthe sAMkhyanI mULa prakRtino vicAra AvI jAya che. A kevaLa akasmAta nathI paraMtu jayAre buddhithI mAnava mana bhautika tattvonA mULa sudhI AgaLa vadhe che tyAre aMte te sImAbaddhatAne atikramI asIma sudhI pahoMcI jAya che, tema samajI zakAya che. enekajhImIla (i.sa. pU. 588-para4) e trIjA mAyaliziyana ciMtaka che. temaNe sthULa sImita jaLane aMtima tattva svIkArI zakAya nahIM evA enephajhImenDaranA matano to svIkAra karyo, paNa A indriyagamya sthULa bhautika padArtho koI asIma amUrta tattvamAMthI utpanna thAya che evA tenA matano temaNe asvIkAra karyo. je amUrta che te mUrtine janma zI rIte Ape? teNe kahyuM ke "jaLa' paNa kyAMthI AvyuM. teno uttara che jaLa 'vAyu'mAMthI nipajyuM. vAyunuM ghanarUpa eTale ja jaLa. varSA thAya che tyAre vAyu ja jaLane dharatI para varasAve che - ane pachI jaLane paNa ghanIbhUta karavAmAM Ave tyAre pRthvI tattva bane che. (enephajhImIla sAme pANInuM baraphamAM thatuM rUpAMtara haze !). AgaLa jatAM e ema paNa kahe che ke vAyu ja gharSaNathI agnine utpanna kare che. Ama jaLa, pRthvI ane teja sahunA mULamAM vAyu ja rahelo che tethI vAyu ja sahunuM mULa tattva che. A mAyaliziyana ciMtakonuM dhyAna bahudhA bAhya bhautika padArtho tarapha hatuM ane e sImAmAM rahIne temaNe eka mULa tattva sudhI javAno prayatna karyo hato. lagabhaga A samaya gALAmAM eziyA mAyanoranA iMdUrAsa nagaramAM janmelA herAklITase satata parivartanavAdano siddhAMta raju karyo. teo kahe che ke "A vizvamAM jene "che' - ema kahI zakAya evuM kazuM nathI. badhuM ja thaI rahyuM che-banI rahyuM che. (Becoming) jagata eka pravAha ja che "ane koI paNa mANasa ekanI eka nadImAM be vakhata praveza karI zakato nathI. huM jayAre bIjIvAra nadImAM praveza karuM chuM tyAre nadI ke huM pote paNa tenA te nathI." herAkalITase ema paNa kahyuM ke vizva paraspara virodhI tattvonA saMgharSamAMthI udbhave che ane pravAharUpe ja Take che. paNa teo sAthe sAthe ema paNa kahe che ke koI vaizvika niyama ke buddhi (universal Law of universal Reason) pramANe ja A pravAha vahI rahyo che. e niyamane te God ke Logas kahe che. Ama herAkalITasa e zuddha parivartanavAdanA praNetA che. je ApaNane bauddha darzananA satata pariNAmavAdanuM smaraNa karAve che.

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bhAratIya darzanomAM pariNAmavAda i.sa. pU.500nI AsapAsa eliyA nagaramAM keTalAeka mahattvanA ciMtako thaI gayA. temane eziyATika saMpradAyanA ciMtako mAnavAmAM Ave che. teomAM pArmenAIDIjha mukhya che. pArmenAIDIjha parivartanavAdano virodha kare che. pArmenAIDIjha kahe che ke je che-te che ja. haMmezA che, Being astitva e ja sat che. sat avinAzI ane aparivartanazIla che. sanuM parivartana zakya nathI. kAraNake sanuM parivartana samAM athavA to asamAM kalpavuM paDe. paNa sanuM samAM parivartana eTale mULabhUta sat ja che. ane asat to na hovuM te che. sat asat thaI zake nahIM. Ano artha e thayo ke indriyothI je parivartana dekhAya che te mAtra bhrama ja che. indriyothI thatA jJAna karatAM buddhithI thatA (Reason) jJAna ne ja pramANa mAnavuM joIe. A rIte pArmenAIDIjha Realism thI Idealism nI dizAmAM paga mAMDanAra prathama grIka dArzanika che te jotAM sAMkhyanI vedAnta taraphanI gati sAthe tenI vicAradhArA sarakhAvI zakAya. A rIte herAkalITasanA parivartanavAdanI sAme pArmenAIDIjha no aparivartanavAda dArzanika abhigamo ane vicAraNAno mArga khullo kare che. A ubhayavAda vacce buddhigamya samAdhAna zodhavAno prayAsa paNa grIka dArzanikoe karyo ane tenA pariNAme enjhoDokalIjha, enekajhAgorasa, lyusIyasa ane DemokrITasa jevA ciMtakoe sthApelA anya vAdo upasI AvyA. pArmenoiDIjhanA vAdono samanvaya karyo. A banne ciMtakoe be-be vidhAno ApyA hatA. pArmenAIDajha kahe che. (1) kAMI ja parivartana pAmatuM nathI (4) ApaNane indriyathI thatuM pratyakSa kevaLa bhrama che. herAkalITasa kahe che. () badhuM ja parivartana pAme che. (va) ApaNane indriyathI thatuM pratyakSa sAcuM che. epeDokalIjhe kahyuM A banne eka bAbatamAM sAcA che paNa bIjI bAbatamAM nahIM jemake padArtha (dA.ta. jaLa) mULabhUta rUpe to teno te ja rahe che. temAM tAttvika parivartana thatuM nathI. eTale eTalA aMze pAnAIDajha sAcA che. paNa indriya-pratyakSa bhrama che evo temano mata grAhya rAkhI zakAya nahi, to tyAM indriya pratyakSano svIkAra karanAra

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bhAratIya darzanomAM pariNAmavAda herAklITasa sAcA che. paraMtu badhuM ja parivartana che evo temano mata svIkArI zakAya nahi. A banne matomAM rahelI AMzika kSationuM kAraNa kevaLa eka ja tattvano mULabhUta rIte svIkAra karavAmAM paDeluM che. tenA samAdhAnamAM epeDokalIjha eka karatA vadhAre tattvobahutattvavAdanA svIkAramAM zodhe che. teo mAne che ke mULamAM anAdi anaMta evA cAra tattvo che-pRthvI, jaLa, vAyu ane agni. A cAra tattvonA saMyojana ane vibhAjana dvArA jagatanA sarvapadArthonI utpatti ane vinAzane samajAvI zakAya che. bhAratIya darzanamAM A tattvone "bhUta" ke "mahAbhUta' kahe che. empoDokalIjha tene "Rootd' kahe che. paNa jo tattvo aparivartanazIla hoya te temanA saMyojana-visarjana kevI rIte thAya ? empoDokalIjha spaSTatA kare che ke A tattvomAM be paribaLo kAma kare che. prema ane pratirodha (Love and strife) temanA kAraNe A saMyojana visarjana zakya bane che. empoDokalIjha ema paNa mAne che ke A cAreya tattvo sUkSma rIte AMkhomAM paNa rahelA che. tethI ja emanuM indriya pratyakSa zakya bane che. i.sa.pU.pa00 thI 428 vacce thaI gaela grIka ciMtaka enekjhAgorasa uparanA matamAM sudhAro karI sUcave che ke mAtra cAra ja mULa tattvo che ema nahIM pama asaMkhya tattvo che. eTaluM ja nahIM e sarva tattvomAM badhA ja tattvo paNa AMzika rUpe rahe che. eTale ke aMtima tattva e sarvano samAveza karatA bIja (seed) rUpe che. padArtho to potAnA mULarUpe maulika che. temanuM rUpAMtara na thaI zake. paNa jo A padArthonuM mULa svarUpa vyakta che, to temAM avyaktarUpe bIjA tattvo paNa rahelA che. A vAda kaMIka aMze sAMkhanA avyakta-vyakta tattvanI vicAraNA sAthe sAmya dharAvato lAge che. A anaMta tattvonA anaMta saMyojano thAya che ane e saMyojana mATe gati ApanAra paNa eka tattvane enekajhAgorasa mAne che. e tattvane te Nous athavA Logos (buddhi) kahe che te paNa noMdhI laIe. A nisargavAdI grIka ciMtakonI zRMkhalAnA aMtima paNa samartha ciMtaka hatA. DimokriTasa (i.sa.pU.460-370). teo ejIana sAgarataTa paranA embaDerA nagaranA hatA. aMtima tattvanI bAbatamAM temaNe bahutattvavAdano svIkAra karyo paNa sAthe sAthe temAM vadhAre jhINavaTathI AgaLa vadhI temaNe kahyuM ke pratyeka tattvanuM vibhAjana karatAM karatAM aMte jyAM aTakI javAya che te chevaTanuM tattva paramANu che ane A paramANuo ja aMtima tattvo che. emanA ja saMyojanothI vividha padArtho bane che ane e paramANuo

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bhAratIya darzanomAM pariNAmavAda 79 vibhakta thatA padArtha nAza pAmyo ema kahevAya che. vibhakta thayelA paramANuo pharIthI navesarathI saMyojAya tyAre vaLI navo padArtha AkAra dhAraNa kare che. pratyeka paramANu anAdi, anaMta ane avibhAjaya che. gati e paramANuno svAbhAvika dharma che. tenAthI ja saMyojana-vibhAjana zakya bane che. te mATe AtmA ke izvarane vacce lAvavAnI jarUra nathI. koIpaNa jAtanA bAhya upakaraNanI sahAya vinA Ama DimokriTase paramANuvAdano siddhAMta Apyo che, temAM temanI mahattA dekhAI Ave che. sAMprata samayanA bhautika vijJAnamAM paNa paramANuvAda-bhale atyaMta vikasita svarUpe jovA maLe ja che. to bhAratIya darzanomAM paNa eka ke bIjI rIte paramANuvAda DokAya ja che. jo ke vaizeSika darzananA AcArya muni kaNAde paNa paramANuvAdano siddhAMta Apyo ja che. samayanI daSTie emanI ane DimokriTasanI vacce bahu aMtara nathI e paNa eka sukhada Azcarya che ! nisargavAdI grIka ciMtakonA yuga pachI samayAMtare grIsamAM sophisTono yuga Avyo. teo vAda-vivAdanI kaLAnA ustAdo hatA. paNa emAMthI jIvananI mULabhUta samasyAonuM samAdhAna maLe tema na hatuM. eTale ja emanI vacce paNa emanA aihika pralobhanothI ghaNA ja UMce sthAne-rahenAra sokreTIsanA Agamanane mAtra grIka darzananI ja nahIM paNa vizvanA sarva darzanonI ciMtana dhArAmAM eka nUtana unmeSa tarIke vadhAvI levAmAM AvyuM. sokreTIsanI mULa zodha satyanI-sat tattvanI ja rahI hatI. paNa temaNe koI lakhANa karyuM nathI. emanA vicArone potAnI AgavI rasALa zailImAM rajU karyA. emanA ja ziSya pleToe (i.sa.pU.427-347). pleTono mukhya uddeza sadAcAra, jJAna ane ucita zikSaNa dvArA eka Adarza rAjyanA nirmANano hato. paraMtu te mATe jagatanA svarUpano samyapha vicAra ane tenA dvArA jagata sAthenA saMbaMdhano paNa vicAra Avazyaka che tema teo mAnatA hatA. tethI temaNe e dizAmAM sUkSma avagAhana karyuM che. teo herAklITasanI e vAta sAthe saMmata che ke badhuM ja satata parivartana pAme che. Aje je bhautika padArtha dekhAya che te kramazaH kSINa thaI nAza pAme che. paraMtu tethI koI ja aparivartanazIla tattva ja nathI ema na kahI zakAya. A parivartanazIla jagata indriyagamya che. ene te ApaNI sAme alapajhalapa ja Ape che, paNa tenI pAchaLa eka aparivartanazIla jagata che. je buddhithI ja samajI zakAya che. pratyeka indriyagamya padArtha e to tenI pAchaLa rahelA mULa amUrta tattvano ja aNasAro Ape che. e amRta tattvane pleTo Idea rUpa tattva kahe che. ApaNe aneka azvo, bilADIo vagere joIe chIe. teo janme che ane mare paNa che. paNa emanAmAM evuM koI vizeSa rUpatattva che ke janmatuM

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8O bhAratIya darzanomAM pariNAmavAda paNa nathI ane nAza paNa pAmatuM nathI. jemake azvatva athavA mAjaratva (bilADIpaNuM) azvo Ave ne jAya paNa azvatva to sadAkALa che. bhAratIya nyAya darzananI bhASAmAM kahIe to vyaktinI oLakha tenI "jAti eTaleke saMpUrNa vargamAM samaveta "sAmAnya tattvathI thAya che. vyaktinI oLakha mATe jAti Avazyaka che. paNa jAti ke rUpatatva potAnA astitva mATe anya koIno AdhAra rAkhatuM nathI. vaLI te je te vargamAM saMpUrNa vyApaka che. vyaktinI pUrve te astitva dharAve che. te svayaM aparivartanazIla ane nitya paNa che. paNa indriyagamya nathI mAtra buddhigamya che. eka rIte A Idea rUpatattva indriyagamya padArthonuM kAraNa che ane padArtha te rUpatattvanI kevaLa AMzika abhivyakti kare che ane te rUpatattvanI jhAMkhI, nabaLI ane apUrNa nakala samAna ja che. potAnA A matane samajAvavA pleTo tenA ripablika graMthamAM guphAnuM prasiddha daSTAMta Ape che. eka evI guphA che ke jemAM keTalAka mANasonI evI rIte bAMdhIne besADyA che ke temanA mukha mAtra divAla sAme ja rahe che. guphAnA dvAra pAse agni prakAzI rahyo che. te prakAzane kAraNe bahAra pasAra thatI vyaktionA paDachAyA divAla para paDyA kare che. guphAnA mANaso A paDachAyAone ja sAcA mAne che. paraMtu saMyogavazAta jo temanI dRSTi bahAranI tarapha paDe to temane sAcI AkRtio ke yathArtha padArthonuM jJAna thAya che ane paDachAyAnuM mithyAtva samajAI jAya che. A rIte ja A indriyagamya bhautika jagata mULa rUpatattvanA paDachAyA jevuM ja che. paraMtu pleTonA ja pramukha ziSya evA erisToTale (i.sa.pU.384-322) ja pleTonA A matanuM prabaLa khaMDana karyuM. erisToTala kahe che ke rUpatattvano vicAra e jemAM che tenA AdhAra vinA thaI zake nahi. jo eka paNa ghoDo na hoya to "ghoDApaNuM (azvatva) paNa na hoya. kharekhara to ApaNe aneka ghoDA joyA pachI temAM rahelA viziSTa guNonA AdhAre te sahumAM rahela samAna tattva, jAti ke pleTo jene rUpatattva kahe che tenI vibhAvanA utpanna thAya che. Ama pahelAM vyakti ane pachI jAti e ja tArkika satya che. vaLI jo bhautika padArthathI tenuM rUpatattva svataMtra astitva dharAve che ema mAnazo to e svataMtra astitva eja rUpatattva rUpe kyAMthI AvyuM? zuM te paNa koI evA ja sadaza trIjA rUpatattvanI pratikRti che? jo hA, to anavasthA doSa Avaze. kharekhara to rUpatattva vastunI aMdara ja vyApta che. temaja mAnavuM joIe temaja rUpatattva jo paripUrNa ane aparivartanazIla hoya to pachI tenI pratikRti ke nakalanI jarUra ja na rahe. vAstavamAM vyaktimAM je te rUpatattva abhivyakta thAya che ema kahevuM joIe. ApaNe umerIe ke kaNAde sAmAnyane buddhino ja khyAla kahyo che. tene vAstavika to pachInA vaizeSikoe mAnyuM che. pachI erisToTala vastunA astitvanA saMdarbhe kAraNavAda rajU kare che. te anusAra koIpaNa vastunI utpattimAM nIcenA cAra kAraNo joI zakAya.

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bhAratIya darzanomAM pariNAmavAda 1. upAdAna kAraNa (Material cause) : je padArtha ke sAmagrImAMthI vastu utpanna thAya te, te vastunuM upAdAna kAraNa che. jemake mATI ghaDAnuM upAdAna kAraNa che. 2. nimitta kAraNa (Efficient cause) : upAdAnamAM je pheraphAra ke gati karI tene banavAmAM upakArI nivaDe te nimitta kAraNa che. jemake kuMbhAra e ghaDAnI utpattimAM nimitta kAraNa che. bhAratIya darzanomAM paNa prAyaH upAdAna ane nimitta kAraNono svIkAra karavAmAM Avyo ja che. 3. rUpalakSI kAraNa (Formal cause) : je vastu banI rahI che teneja ghATa maLavAno che tenuM prArUpa te vastunuM rUpalakSI kAraNa che. jemake ghaDo banAvyA pUrve kuMbhAranA manamAM tenuM prArUpa ghaDAI cUkyuM hoya che. arthAt vastu sarjana viSeno mAnasika khyAla te tenuM rUpa lakSI kAraNa che. 4. aMtima kAraNa (Final cause) : je prayojana mATe vastunI utpatti thAya che te vastunuM aMtima kAraNa che. chevaTe to vastunuM nirmANa koI hetu ke prayojana pAra pADavA mATe thAya che. koI dhyeya mATe hoya che. tethI prayojana paNa eka rIte kAraNa che. ane kAraNo-vaijJAnika rIte kAraNo che. paNa A cothuM kAraNa-hetu lakSI che. kharekhara to hetu ane kAraNa vacce kaMIka bheda che. paNa erisToTale vyApaka dRSTie hetu-prayojanano paNa samAveza kAraNamAM karyo che. erisToTalanI sAthe ja grIsano javalaMta dArzanika yugano lagabhaga aMta AvI gayo. pachI yuddho ane rAjakIya uthalapAthalanA dhummasamAM jANe ke darzanapravAha aTavAI gayo. grIsa para romanonuM jaDabesalAka zistanuM Adhipatya lAMbAkALa sudhI rahyuM. pachI isunuM Agamana ane khristI dharmano pracAra ane vaLI pAchA yuddho ema itihAsanA ATApATA cAlyA karyA. rAjayo ane dezonI sarahadomAM paNa pheraphAra thayo. madhyakALamAM dharma kendramAM Avyo. rAjanIti ane dharmanIti vacce ghora saMgharSa thayo. aMte dharmasudhAraNA, audyogika krAMti ane pachI navajAgaraNa (renesAM)no samaya Avyo. bIjI bAju vijJAna paNa svataMtra rIte vikasavA lAgyuM. enI keTalIka zodhoe aneka pracalita rUDha dhAraNAone badalI nAkhI, kopanIkasa, gelIlIo ane nyuTananA saMzodhanoe eka navI ja krAMtikArI sthitinuM nirmANa karyuM. ane e sAthe yuropamAM darzanane saMjIvanI prApta thaI. have rUDhinA sthAne viveka, buddhi, saMvedana, anubhUtithI maMDita satyanI zodhanA nUtana unmeSano prAraMbha thayo. A nUtana yugamAM thaelA dArzanikomAM be nAma prabaLatAthI upasI Ave che. DekArTa ane spinojhA.

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82 bhAratIya darzanomAM pariNAmavAda phrAnsamAM janmelA rene DekArTa (i.sa. 1596-1650)ne arvAcIna darzananA pitA mAnavAmAM Ave che. temaNe yuropanA ane dezono pravAsa karyo ane yuddhano paNa anubhava lIdho. upalabdha lagabhaga sarva darzanono paNa abhyAsa karyo. paNa temane saMtoSa thayo nahIM. temaNe dArzanika siddhAMto viSe zaMkAo karavAnuM ane temano niSedha karavAnuM cAlu rAkhyuM ane e prakriyAmAM ja emane camakAro thayo ke anya sarvano to niSedha karI zakAya paNa je niSedha kare che, zaMkA kare che, vicAra kare che teno to niSedha na ja thaI zake te to che ja ane "te' huM ja chuM. pachI temaNe ApeluM nizcita vidhAna "huM vicAruM chuM', tethI huM chuM. (Cogito Ergo Sum) atyaMta prasiddha thayuM. DekAI kahe che ke A vidhAna e koI anumAna nathI paNa eka tArkika anivAryatA ane pratIti hoI svayaM siddha che. Ama DekArTa zarIrathI bhinna evA svayaMsiddha tattvaspiritne svIkAre che ane tene ja "mana" kahI zarIra ane mana vaccenA dvandranuM pratipAdana kare che. e ja rIte te jagatanA bhautika padArtha (Matter) ane mana (Mind)nuM vaita paNa lagabhaga gaNitanI paribhASAmAM rajU kare che. te mAne che ke zarIra eka yaMtra che ane jagata paNa yAMtrika ja che. Matter ane Mind vacce kadI advaita zakya nathI. Ama DekArTa saMpUrNa dvaitavAdI che. sAMkhanA puruSa-prakRtinA vaitanI sAthe A vicArane ghaNuM sAmya lAge che. vaLI zarIra ane mana parasparathI taddana bhinna hovA chatAM temanI vacce satata saMkalana to cAle ja che. to te zI rIte zakya bane? DekArTa kahe che ke je paddhatithI "huM'nuM sthApana thayuM te ja paddhatithI vicArane AgaLa laI jatAM samajAya che ke huM to apUrNa chuM. tethI koIka pUrNa tattva paNa hovuM ja joIe. mane potAne e bhAna thAya che ke e paripUrNa tattva te izvara che. A izvaranA kAraNe meTara ane mAinDanuM saMkalana zakya bane che. paraMtu holenDamAM thaI gaelA beneDikasa spinojhA (i.sa.1632-1977) DekorTanA custa dvaitavAdano virodha kare che. spinojhA mAne che ke aMtima tattva to eka ja hoI zake ane te tattva jene izvara kahI zakAya-svataMtra ane nirapekSa che. enA astitva mATe anya koIno AdhAra levAnI jarUra nathI. te tattva-dravya-ke Izvara sarva vyApaka che, temAM sarvakaMIno samAveza thaI jAya che. vaLI izvaranA guNa-guNadharmo anaMta che. paNa manuSyane temAMthI mAtra be ja guNadharmo-vicAra ane vistAra samajamAM Ave che. vistArane kAraNe ApaNane bhautika jagatano anubhava thAya che to "vicAra'nA pariNAme ApaNane jJAna ane tenA dvArA mAnasika jagata ke izvaranI samajaNa Ave che. Ama DekArTa jene dvaita kahe che te kharekhara to eka ja IzvaranA guNadharmomAMthI phalita thAya che. padArthanuM vaividhya paNa e ja kAraNe che. tene vizeSa spaSTa karatA spinojhA kahe che te uparAMta je gati

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bhAratIya darzanomAM pariNAmavAda 83 che. vistAranA pariNAmo eTale gati ane sthiti to vicAranA pariNAmo ke paryAyo eTale samajazakti, saMkalpazakti vagere gaNAvI zakAya. spinojhAno Avo siddhAMta eka bAjuthI vedAntanA advaitanuM to bIjIbAjuthI jainonA dravyanaya ane paryAyanayanuM smaraNa karAve che. jarmana tattvajJa lAiblijha (i.sa.pU.1946-1716)mAne che ke DekArTa ane spinojhAe ApeluM dravyanuM lakSaNa (jenuM nirapekSa svataMtra astitva che te dravya) apUrNa che. dravyanuM kharuM lakSaNa to tenI kriyAzakti che. tethI je svataMtra rIte kriyAnvita thAya che te dravya evuM lakSaNa yogya che. A lakSaNamAM dravyanI gati ke pariNAmanI spaSTatA paNa thaI jAya che. lAIblijha ema paNa pratipAdita kare che ke AvuM dravya svayaM cetanAthI yukta che. ane dravyo aneka che. te pratyeka dravyane mATe lAIblijha cidazu (Monad) evI saMjJA Ape che. cidaNa svayaM zakti yuta, avibhAjaya ane Izvara sRSTa dravya che. Ama hovAthI jaDatva che ja nahI. badhuM ja caitanyamaya che. jo ke pratyeka cidazumAM cetananI abhivyakita ochI ke vadhAre hoI zake. sajIvamAM cidaNuono samuha jeTalo kendrIbhUta thayo hoya teTalo ApaNane nirjIva lAgatI vastuomAM nathI. eTalo ja mAtra bheda che. A mAtrA bhedane kAraNe jagatanA dravyonA pAMca prakAra paDe che. (1) suSupta cetananI avasthA. dA.ta. bhautika padArtho (2) ardhacetana ke upacetana avasthA. dA.ta. vanaspati (3) cetana avasthA dA.ta. pazusRSTi (4) svacetana avasthA-mAnava sRSTi ane (5) parama cetana avasthA-eTale izvara. keTalAka vidvAno A avasthAonuM taittirIya upaniSadamAM nirUpita annamayu, prANamaya, manomaya, vijJAnamaya ane AnaMdamaya e paMcakoza sAthe sAmya jUe che. DekArTa spinojhA vagere 17mI sadInAM dArzanikone buddhivAdI (Rationalist) kahevAmAM Ave che. temanA mata pramANe padArthonA thatAM jJAnanuM mULa ApaNA janmajAta saMskAromAM paDeluM che. janmajAta vicAro AMtarika che. aMtaHspharita che ane tethI anubhava nirapekSa che tathA teo sarvadezIya ane nizcita che. paraMtu 18mI sadImAM thayelA iMglenDanA traNa dArzaniko-jahona loka (i.sa. 1632-1784), jyorja barkale (i.sa. 1685-1753) ane DeviDa hyuma (i.sa. 1711-1776). A matanuM khaMDana kare che. teo anubhavavAdI manAyA che. jhona loka kahe che ke janma samaye manuSyanA manamAM koI vicAra hoto nathI. te mana to sAva korI pATI' (Tahularasa) jevuM hoya che. janmathI zarU thaI AgaLa jatAM teNe indriya dvArA

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84 bhAratIya darzanomAM pariNAmavAda prApta karelA anubhavathI ja tenA vicAro AkArita thAya che. jagatano anubhava bAhya nirIkSaNa ane AMtara nirIkSaNa ema be rIte te kare che. bAhya nirIkSaNa dvArA tene bhautika jagata viSenA sAdA-saraLa vicAro maLe che ane AMtara nirIkSaNa vaDe te (sukhaduHkha vagere) mAnasika jagatanA vicAro meLave che. sAdA vicAro be prakAranA che. (1) prAthamika-eTale ke saMvedana dvArA prApta thatA padArthanA kharekhara guNo jemake padArthanA vajana, kada, gati, sthiti ane AkAra-A guNo sahu koI daSTA mATe sarakhA ja hoya che. jonAra game te hoya to paNa vajana vageremAM phera paDato nathI. (2) gauNa (secondary)-guNo jemake zabda, sparza, rUpa, rasa ane gaMdha. A guNa kharekhara padArthanA nathI, paNa prAthamika guNonA prabhAvathI te pratIta thAya che ane pratyeka dRSTAne te bhinna bhinna pratIta thAya che. temAM tenA gamA-aNagamA paNa bhaLelAM hoya che. dA.ta.koI phUlano rAto raMga eka jonArane amuka lAge che to bIjAne bIjo-vaLI koIkane te raMga manapasaMda lAge che to bIjAne teno pratye aNagamo paNa hoI zake. vaLI guNo, pratyo ane saMbaMdhonI daSTie A guNo jaTIla (complex) thatAM jAya che. sAdA vicAramAM to koI sapharajananA-mAtra rUpa, rasa, gaMdha vagerenuM eka-eka rIte grahaNa thAya che. paNa e anubhava vAraMvAra karavAthI e sarva guNono samUha pachI sapharajana rUpe thato lAge che. Ama bAhya padArthonA aMtima svarUpamAM-anubhava ane vicAra hoya che. temanI susaMgatatA ke visaMgatatA anusAra padArtha pratIta thAya che, loka Ama anubhavavAda (Emporicism)ne AdhAra padArthano svIkAra to kare che paNa temAM mananI sakriyatAnuM yogadAna joDe che ane pariNAme padArthanA svarUpa viSe kaMIka anizcitatA pravarte che. eTale jyorjabarkale eka DagaluM AgaLa vadhI ghoSaNA kare che ke kharekhara to ApaNe mAnIe chIe te rIte koI bhautika padArthanuM astitva ja nathI. jene padArtha kahIe te rUpa-rasa vagere guNono samUha ja che. eTale ApaNane mAtra A guNa samUhano ja anubhava thAya che ane ApaNuM mana tene eka padArtha mAnI le che. bIjI rIte kahIe to padArthanI sattAno ke tenA astitvano samAveza tenA jJAna ke anubhava thavAmAM ja che. A vicAra bauddhonA vijJAnavAdanuM smaraNa karAvI jAya che. to DeviDa hyuma barkalethI paNa thoDA AgaLa vadhI kahe che ke ApaNuM jJAna indriyo dvArA pradatta saMskAra (Impression) ane vicAro (Ideas) para ja avalaMbe che. have indriyAnubhava-pratyakSanA abhAvamAM vicAro saMbhave nahIM pachI te sAdA hoya ke jaTila ane vicAro to pratyakSanI nabaLI nakala ja che. dareka pratyakSa alaga-alaga thAya che. temanI vacce koI AMtarika saMbaMdha to che nahIM teno

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bhAratIya darzanomAM pariNAmavAda mAtra sAhacaryane lIdhe bhAsato bAhya saMbaMdha che. ane teno AdhAra to ApaNI Tevo ke kalpanA para che. Ama kaMIja nizcita nathI. lokano anubhavavAda ke barkaleno vijJAnavAda paNa kAMIka nakkara pratIti karAvI zake nahIM. vaLI hyuma kArya-kAraNavAdano paNa niSedha kare che. eka ghaTanA pUrve banI pachI bIjI ghaTanA banI, eTale ApaNe pahelAnI ghaTanAne kAraNa ane pachInI ghaTanAne kAraNa kahIe chIe paNa emAM apavAdo hoI zake che. (kAkatAlIya nyAyathI ApaNe paricita chIe ja). Ama hyuma bhautikavAdano cheda uDADI de che. eTaluM ja nahIM te AdhyAtmavAdane paNa nakAre che. "huM koNa chuM'-ema prazna pUchI UMDe utaratA saMvedana ane mAtra saMvedano sivAya kaMIja hAtha AvatuM nathI te spaSTa kare che "huM mArI jAtane jANavA gahana AMtara nirIkSaNa karuM chuM to kAM to ThaMDInuM ke garamInuM athavA to premanuM ke tiraskAranuM ke pachI sukhanuM ke duHkhanuM evuM koI saMvedana ja anubhavAya che. AnAthI vizeSa koI anubhava mane thato nathI, tethI koI zAzvata tattva (AtmA ?)no huM svIkAra karI zakato nathI." hyumane saMzayavAdI (Skeptic) dArzanika kahevAmAM Ave che. te A kAraNe A dArzanikono jhoka pariNAma para nahIM paNa svarUpa viSe hoI vizeSa carcA ahIM aprastuta lAge che. ApaNe joyuM tema A dArzanikonA siddhAMto be chAvaNIomAM vaheMcAI jAya che. (1) anubhavavAda ane (2) buddhivAda-bannemAMthI koIpaNa ekane ja aMtima mAnavAmAM kaMIka cUkI gayAnI lAgaNI thAya che. tethI A banne vAdonuM saMpUrNa samIkSaNa karI koI nizcita niSkarSa para AvavuM atyaMta Avazyaka hatuM. A duSkara kArya pAra pADyuM jarmanInA atyaMta medhAvI dArzanika ImenyualakAne (i.sa. 17241804). kAnTa joI lIdhuM ke buddhivAda jJAnathI ja badhuM zakya bane che tevo matAgraha dharAve che to anubhavavAda-indriya pratyakSa anubhavane ja svIkAravAno durAgraha seve che. temaNe kahyuM A banne mato sarvAze svIkAravA yogya nathI. pratyakSanI sAmagrI vinA vicAra khoDaMgAya che to vicAra dvArA yogya saMkalananA abhAvamAM vera-vikhera saMvedano kyAMya laI jatA nathI. tethI bannenA saddaaMzono svIkAra karI A AkhIya samasyAnA ukelanI navesarathI mAMDaNI karavI joIe. kAre te karI. teNe kahyuM ke keTaluMka jJAna evuM che ke je mAtra ane mAtra anubhavanA AdhAre ja maLatuM nathI. keTalIka vibhAvanAo sArvatrika hoya che, te jJAnano piMDa bAMdhe che. tenI sArvatrikatA aMge nizcitatAno AdhAra buddhi para che. to jJAna mATenI sAmagrI

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bhAratIya darzanomAM pariNAmavAda anubhavamAMthI prApta thAya che, kyAreka saMvedana jJAnanA uddabhavamAM Avazyaka hoya che. sArAMza ke samajaNa ke jJAna-vibhAvanAnA abhAvamAM ekalI saMvedanA to aMdha ja che ane saMvedanA vinAnI samajaNa to nirarthaka ja che-kAnTanuM A aMgenuM A prasiddha vidhAna che. Concept without perception is empty and percept without concept is blined. pachI kAnTa AgaLa vadhe che. indriyo dvArA prApta saMvedanonA be ghaTako che. Matter ane Form. indriyapratyakSamAM anubhavAtA zabda, sparza vagere Matter che. A meTarasAmagrI svayaM vastunI asarane lIdhe bahArathI maLe che-eTale ke te pradatta (given) che. A prApta sAmagrIne ApaNuM mana sthaLa-kALa ane kAraNatA (Time-Space and Caustation)nA nizcita kramamAM goThave che. (tethI hyumanA kAraNavAdamAM bhale saMbhAvanA' ja hoya to paNa teno bAdha na thAya tyAM sudhI teno svIkAra karavo rahyo). A goThavaNInI samajaNa bahArathI nahIM paNa aMtaHskUraNAthI maLe che ane A je aMtaHskUraNA che te deza-kALa vagerethI ane temAM sImita anubhavathI nirapekSa che te paNa svIkAravuM rahyuM. A samajaNa zaktinA anubhava nirapekSa vicArarUpo (catagories) e jJAnanI pUrva zarata che. A matano AdhAra kAnTanI eka prasiddha mAnyatAmAM rahelo che. te e che ke-vastunA be svarUpa che. eka to ApaNA mAnasika cazmAthI je dekhAya che te (Thing as it appears to be) ane bIjI je pAramArthika rUpe satu che (Thing as it is), ApaNI cetanA-ke-vibhAvanAthI svataMtra rIte astitva dharAvatuM satu e ja mULataH satya che. te sarvavyApI che. ApaNe tenA ja aMza ke ghaTaka hoI tene tenI samagratAmAM pAmI zakIe nahIM te aya che. Ama saMkSepamAM kahIe to zaMkarAcArya jene vyAvahArika sattA kahe che te ja kAnTanI daSTie ApaNI pakaDamAM Ave che. paNa je pAramArthika sattA che te to deza-kALakAraNatAthI svataMtra hoI vyAvahArika sAdhanothI ApaNane jJAna thaI zakato nathI. kAnTa pachI paNa yuropa ane amerikAmAM paNa dArzanikonI dhArA cAlI ja rahI che. paNa temano moha-rAjanIti-samAjanIti(Ethics) saMskRti jevI bAbato para hoI vizuddha tattvamImAMsA tyAM gauNa banI gaI che. pariNAmavAdanI dRSTie ApaNane temAM khAsa prApta thatuM nathI. | | |

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lAlabhAI dalapatabhAI bhAratIya saMskRti vidyAmandira dvArA prakAzita adyatana prakAzanoM kI sUcI 145 akho (tenuM jIvana, tattvaciMtana ane tenA samayano samAja) pa0.00 narmadAzaMkara devazaMkara mahetA, pR. 80 (rIprinTa 2009) 146 kauTilIya arthazAstra 500.00 (zeThazrI kasturabhAI lAlabhAI graMthazreNI : 2004-2005) prA.nItIna 2. desAI 147 AcAryazrI AnaMdazaMkara dhruvaH darzana ane ciMtana 5OO.OO dilIpa cAraNa, pR.10+297 (2010) 148 sAhitya, zilpa ane sthApatyamAM giranAra (saMbodhi-purAtattva-vizeSAMka-2) 200.00 pro.madhusUdana DhAMkI, pR.10+150+ 30, 2010 149 zratrivikramabhaTTa-prantAramayantI-thI-vapU: saMpA. : mahopAdhyAyavinayasAmra, pR. 3 + rUdda (2010) 150 An Outline of the Avasyaka literature 1000.00 by Ernst Leumann (Eng. Trans. from German by George Baumann) 151 jaina darzana meM dravya,guNa aura paryAya kI avadhAraNA 250,00 pro. sAgaramala jaina, prathama saMskaraNa 2011, pR.8+76 76 naina varNana vA mahivAna 125.00 pro. dalasukha mAlavaNiyA, dvitIya saMskaraNa, 2012, pR. 64 152 bhAratIya darzanomAM pariNAmavAda (sAMkhyayoga-nyAyavaizeSika-bauddha-jaina-kevalAdvaita vedAntadarzana), pro. vasaMta parIkha, 2012. 5 10+ 86 rAmAyaNa 250.00 harmana yAkobInADas . rapa.00 thI gujarAtImAM anuvAda DaoN. vijaya paMDayA, 2012 dAnadarzana), 250.00 154 zAMtinAM svarUpo DaoN. homI dhAlAnA "Many .. uce" no anuvAda DaoN. zrIdevI mahetA, 2011, pR. 8+ 128 The Central Philosophy of Jainism (Anekanta-Vada) Bimal Krishna Matilal, II-Edition 2012, pp. 10 + 80 150.00