Avashyaka Kriya

Author(s): Sukhlal Sanghavi
Publisher: Z_Darshan_aur_Chintan_Part_1_2_002661.pdf
Catalog link: https://jainqq.org/explore/229063/1

Page #1
Avazyaka kriyA - vaidikasamAja meM 'sandhyA' kA, pArasI logoM meM 'khora deha avastA' kA, yahUdI tathA IsAiyoM meM prArthanA' kA aura musalamAnoM meM 'namAja' kA jaisA mahattva hai; jaina samAja meM vaisA hI mahattva 'aAvazyaka' kA hai| jaina samAja kI mukhya do zAkhAe~ haiM, (1) zvetAmbara aura (2) digambara / digambara-sampradAya meM muni-paraMparA vicchinna-prAyaH hai| isalie usameM muniyoM ke "zrAvazyaka-vidhAna' kA darzana sirpha zAstra meM hI hai, vyavahAra meM nahIM hai / usake zrAvaka-samudAya meM bhI 'zrAvazyaka' kA pracAra vaisA nahIM hai, jaisA zvetAmbarazAkhA meM hai| digambara samAja meM jo pratimAdhArI yA brahmacArI Adi hote haiM, unameM mukhyatayA sirpha 'sAmAyika' karane kA pracAra dekhA jAtA hai| zRMkhalAbaddha rIti se chahoM 'aAvazyakoM kA niyamita pracAra jaisA zvetAmbara-sampradAya meM AbAlavRddha prasiddha hai| vaisA digambara-sampradAya meM prasiddha nahIM hai / arthAt digambarasampradAya meM silasilevAra chahoM 'zrAvazyaka' karane kI paramparA devasika, rAtrika, pAkSika, caturmAsika aura sAmvatsarika rUpa se vaisI pracalita nahIM hai, jaisI zvetAmbara-sampradAya meM pracalita hai| yAnI jisa prakAra zvetAmbara-sampradAya sAMyakAla, prAtaHkAla, pratyeka pakSa ke anta meM, cAturmAsa ke anta meM aura varSa ke anta meM striyoM kA tathA puruSoM kA samudAya alaga-alaga yA ekatra hokara athavA anta meM akelA vyakti hI silasile se chahoM 'zrAvazyaka' karatA hai, usa prakAra 'zrAvazyaka' karane kI rIti digambarasampradAya meM nahIM hai| zvetAmbara-sampradAya kI bhI do pradhAna zAkhAe~ haiM-(1) mUrtipUjaka aura (2) sthaankvaasii| ina donoM zAkhAoM kI sAdhu-zrAvaka-donoM saMsthAnoM meM daivasika, rAtrika aAdi pA~co prakAra ke 'aAvazyaka' karane kA niyamita pracAra adhikArAnurUpa barAbara calA AtA hai| mUrtipUjaka aura sthAnakavAsI---donoM zAkhAtroM ke sAdhunoM ko to subaha zAma anivAryarUpa se 'Avazyaka' karanA hI par3atA hai; kyoMki zAstra meM aisI aAjJA hai ki prathama aura carama tIrthakara ke sAdhu 'Avazyaka' niyama se kreN| ataeva yadi ve usa AjJA kA pAlana na kareM to sAdhu-pada ke adhikArI hI nahIM samajhe jA sakate /

Page #2
zrAvazyaka kriyA 175 : zrAvakoM meM 'Avazyaka' kA pracAra vaikalpika haiN| arthAt jo bhAvuka aura niyamavAle hote haiM, ve avazya karate haiM aura anya zrAvakoM kI pravRtti isa viSaya meM aicchika hai / phira bhI yaha dekhA jAtA hai ki jo nitya 'zrAvazyaka' nahIM karatA, vaha bhI pakSa ke bAda, caturmAsa ke bAda yA AkhirakAra saMvatsara ke bAda, usako yathAsambhava avazya karatA hai / zvetAmbara - sampradAya meM 'zrAvazyaka kriyA' kA itanA Adara hai ki jo vyakti anya kisI samaya dharmasthAna meM na jAtA ho, vaha tathA choTe-bar3e bAlaka-bAlikAe~ bhI bahudhA sAmvatsarika parva ke dina dharmasthAna meM 'zrAvazyaka-kriyA' karane ke lie ekatra ho hI jAte haiM aura usa kriyA ko karake sabhI apanA ahobhAgya samajhate haiN| isa pravRtti se yaha spaSTa hai ki 'Avazyaka - kriyA' kA mahattva zvetAmbara- sampradAya meM kitanA adhika hai / isI sa se sabhI loga apanI santati ko dhArmika zikSA dete samaya sabase pahile 'zrAvazyakakriyA' sikhAte haiM / jana-samudAya kI sAdara pravRtti ke kAraNa 'Avazyaka kriyA' kA jo mahattva pramANita hotA hai, usako ThIka-ThIka samajhAne ke lie 'Avazyaka-kriyA' kise kahate haiM ? sAmAyika Adi pratyeka 'Avazyaka' kA kyA strarUpa hai ? unake bhedakrama kI upapatti kyA hai ? 'Avazyaka - kriyA' AdhyAtmika kyoM hai ? ityAdi kucha mukhya praznoM ke Upara tathA unake antargata anya praznoM ke Upara isa jagaha vicAra karanA Avazyaka hai | parantu isake pahile yahA~ eka bAta batalA denA jarUrI hai / aura vaha yaha hai ki 'Avazyaka-kriyA' karane kI jo vidhi cUrNi ke jamAne se bhI bahuta prAcIna thI aura jisakA ullekha zrIharibhadrasUri-jaise pratiSThita AcArya ne apanI Ava zyaka- vRtti pR0, 760 meM kiyA hai / vaha vidhi bahuta aMzoM meM aparivartita rUpa se jyoM kI tyoM jaisI zvetAmbara mUrttipUjaka-sampradAya meM calI AtI hai, vaisI sthAnaka - vAsI sampradAya meM nahIM hai / yaha bAta tapAgaccha, kharataragaccha Adi gacchoM kI sAmAcArI dekhane se spaSTa mAlUma ho jAtI hai / sthAnakavAsI - sampradAya kI sAmAcArI meM jisa prakAra 'zrAvazyaka kriyA' meM bole jAnevAle kaI prAcIna sUtroM kI, jaise:- pukkharavaradIvaDDhe, siddhANaM buddhANaM, arihaMtaceiyANaM, AyariyauvajjhAe, prabhuDiyoshaM, ityAdi kI kATa-chA~Ta kara dI gaI hai, isI prakAra usameM prAcIna vidhi kI bhI kATa-chA~Ta najara AtI hai| isake viparIta tapAgaccha, kharataragaccha Adi kI sAmAcArI meM 'Avazyaka' ke prAcIna sUtra tathA parivartana kiyA huA najara nahIM AtA / arthAt usameM se lekara yAnI pratikramaNa kI sthApanA se lekara 'pratyAkhyAna' paryanta ke chahIM prAcIna vidhi meM koI 'sAmAyika - Avazyaka'

Page #3
17 jaina dharma aura darzana 'Avazyaka' ke sUtroM kA tathA bIca meM vidhi karane kA silasilA bahudhA vahI hai, jisakA ullekha zrIharibhadrasUri ne kiyA hai| yadyapi pratikramaNa sthApana ke pahale caitya-candana karane kI aura chaThe 'zrAvazyaka' ke bAda sajjhAya, stavana, stotra Adi par3hane kI prathA poche sakAraNa pracalita ho gaI hai; tathApi mUrtipUjaka-sampradAya kI 'Avazyaka-kriyA'-viSayaka sAmAcArI meM yaha bAta dhyAna dene yogya hai ki usameM 'AvazyakoM ke sUtroM kA tathA vidhi kA silasilA abhI taka prAcIna hI calA pAtA hai|| __ 'Avazyaka' kise kahate haiM ? jo kriyA avazya karane yogya hai, usI ko "zrAvazyaka" kahate haiM / 'zrAvazyaka-kriyA' saba ke lie eka nahIM, vaha adhikArI-bheda se judI-judI hai| eka vyakti jisa kriyA ko zrAvazyaka karma samajhakara nityaprati karatA hai, dUsarA usI ko Avazyaka nahIM smjhtaa| udAharaNArtha-eka vyakti kAJcana-kAminI ko Avazyaka samajha kara usakI prApti ke lie apanI sArI zakti kharca kara DAlatA hai aura dUsarA kAJcana-kAminI ko anAvazyaka samajhatA hai aura usake saMga se bacane kI koziza hI meM apane buddhi-bala kA upayoga karatA hai| isalie 'zrAvazyaka kriyA kA svarUpa likhane ke pahale yaha batalA denA jarUrI hai ki isa jagaha kisa prakAra ke adhikAriyoM kA Avazyaka-karma vicArA jAtA hai| sAmAnyarUpa se zarIra-dhArI prANiyoM ke do vibhAga haiM:-(1) bahiNTi aura (2) antardRSTi / jo antardRSTi hai--jinakI dRSTi AtmA kI aora jhukI hai arthAt jo sahaja sukha ko vyakta karane ke vicAra meM tathA prayatna meM lage hue haiM, unhIM ke 'aAvazyaka-karma' kA vicAra isa jagaha karanA hai| isa kathana se yaha spaSTa siddha hai ki jo jar3a meM apane ko nahIM bhUle haiM-jinakI dRSTi ko kisI bhI jar3a vastu kA saundarya lubhA nahIM sakatA, unakA 'zrAvazyaka-karma' vahI ho sakatA hai, jisake dvArA unakA AtmA sahaja sukha kA anubhava kara sake / antardRSTi vAle aAtmA sahaja sukha kA anubhava tabhI kara sakate haiM, jaba ki unake samyaktva, cetanA, cAritra Adi guNa vyakta ho| isalie ve usa kriyA ko apanA 'zrAvazyaka-karma' samajhate haiM, jo samyaktva Adi guNoM kA vikAsa karane meM sahAyaka ho / ataeva isa jagaha saMkSepa meM 'aAvazyaka kI vyAkhyA itanI hI hai ki jJAnAdi guNoM ko prakaTa karane ke lie jo kriyA avazya karane ke yogya hai, vahI 'zrAvazyaka' hai| aisA 'zrAvazyaka' jJAna aura kriyA-ubhaya pariNAmarUpa arthAt upayogapUrvaka kI jAnevAlI kriyA hai| yahI karma AtmA ko guNoM se vAsita karAne

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12 Avazyaka kriyA vAlA hone ke kAraNa 'zrAvAsaka' bhI kahalAtA hai| vaidikadarzana meM 'Avazyaka' samajhe jAnevAle karmoM ke lie nityakarma' zabda prasiddha hai| jainadarzana meM 'avazya-kartavya' dhruva, nigraha, vizodhi, adhyayanaSaTaka, varga, nyAya, ArAdhanA, mArga Adi aneka zabda aise haiM, jo ki 'Avazyaka' zabda ke samAnArthaka-paryAya haiM (zrA vRtti, pR0 56 ) / sAmAyika Adi pratyeka 'Avazyaka' kA svarUpa-sthUla dRSTi se 'zrAvazyaka kriyA' ke chaha vibhAga----bheda kiye gae haiM--(1) sAmAyika, (2) caturviMzatistava, (3) vandana, (4) pratikramaNa, (5) kAyotsarga aura (6) pratyAkhyAna / (1) rAga aura dveSa ke vaza na hokara samabhAva-madhyastha-bhAva meM rahanA arthAt sabake sAtha Atmatulya vyavahAra karanA 'sAmAyika' hai (prA0 ni0, gA0 1032) / isake (1) samyaktvasAmAyika, (2) zrutasAmAyika aura (3) cAritra sAmAyika, ye tIna bheda haiM, kyoMki samyaktva dvArA, zruta dvArA yA cAritra dvArA hI samabhAva meM sthira rahA jA sakatA hai| cAritrasAmAyika bhI adhikArI kI apekSA se (1) deza aura (2) sarva, yoM do prakAra kA hai| deza sAmAyikacAritra gRhasthoM ko aura sarvasAmAyikacAritra sAdhuoM ko hotA hai (A. ni0, gA0766 ) / samatA, samyaktva, zAnti, suvihita zrAdi zabda sAmAyika ke paryAya haiM (prA0 ni0, gA0 1033 ) / (2. caturviMzatistava-caubIsa tIrthaMkara, jo ki sarvaguNa-sampanna Adarza haiM, unakI stuti karane rUpa hai| isake (1) dravya aura (2) bhAva, ye do bheda haiN| puSpa Adi sAttvika vastuoM ke dvArA tIrthaMkaroM kI pUjA karanA 'dravyastava' aura unake vAstavika guNoM kA kIrtana karanA 'bhAvastava' hai (zrA0, pR0 462 ) / adhikArI--vizeSa gRhastha ke lie dravyastava kitanA lAbhadAyaka hai, isa bAta ko vistArapUrvaka Avazyaka niyukti, pR0 462-463 meM dikhAyA hai| (3) vaMdana-mana, vacana zarIra kA vaha vyApAra vaMdana hai, jisase pUjyoM ke prati bahumAna pragaTa kiyA jAtA hai| zAstra meM vaMdana ke citi karma, kRti-karma, pUjAkarma Adi paryAya prasiddha haiM ( zrA0 ni0, gA0 1103) / vaMdana ke yathArtha svarUpa jAnane ke lie vaMdya kaise hone cAhie ? ve kitane prakAra ke haiM ? kaunakauna avaMdya hai ? avaMdya vaMdana se kyA doSa hai ? vaMdana karane ke samaya kina-kina doSoM kA parihAra karanA cAhie, ityAdi bAteM jAnane yogya haiN| dravya aura bhAva ubhaya-cAritrasampanna muni hI vandha haiM (zrA0 ni0, gA0 1106 ) / vandya muni (1) prAcArya, (2) upAdhyAya, (3) pravartaka, (4) sthavira aura (5) ratnAdhika rUpa se pA~ca prakAra ke haiM ( A. ni0, gA0 1165 ) /

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178 jaina dharma aura darzana jo dravyaliGga aura bhAvaliGga eka-eka se yA donoM se rahita hai, vaha avandha hai| zravandanIya tathA vandanIya ke saMbandha meM sikke kI caturbhaGgI prasiddha hai (zrA0 ni0, gA0 1138) / jaise cA~dI zuddha ho para mohara ThIka na lagI ho to vaha sikkA grAhya nahIM hotA / vaise hI jo bhAvaliMgayukta haiM, para dravyaliMgavihIna haiM, una pratyeka buddha Adi ko vandana nahIM kiyA jAtA / jisa sikke para mohara to ThIka lagI hai, para cA~dI azuddha hai. vaha sikkA grAhya nahIM hotA / vaise hI dravyaliMgadhArI hokara jo bhAvaliMgavihIna haiM ve pArzvastha Adi pA~ca prakAra ke kusAdhu avandanIya haiN| jisa sikke kI cA~dI aura mohara, ye donoM ThIka nahIM hai, vaha bhI anAhya hai / isI taraha jo dravya aura bhAva-ubhayaliMgarahita haiM ve vandanIya nahIM / vandanIya sirpha ve hI haiM, jo zuddha cA~dI tathA zuddha mohara vAle sikke ke samAna dravya aura bhAva-ubhayaliMga sampanna haiM (zrA0 ni0, gA0 1138) / avandha ko vandana karane se vandana karane vAle ko na to karma kI nirjarA hotI hai aura na kIrti hI / balki asaMyama Adi doSoM ke anumodana dvArA karmabandha hotA hai (zrA0 ni0, gA0 1108) / avandya ko vandana karane se vandana karanevAle ko hI doSa hotA hai, yahI bAta nahIM, kiMtu avandanIya ke AtmA kA bhI guNI puruSoM ke dvArA apane ko vandana karAne rUpa asaMyama kI vRddhi dvArA adhaHpAta hotA hai (zrA0 ni0, gA0 1110) / vandana battIsa doSoM se rahita honA cAhie / anAhata aAdi ve battIsa doSa Avazyaka niyukti, gA0 1207-1211 meM batalAe haiM / (4) pramAdavaza zubha yoga se gira kara azubha yoga ko prApta karane ke bAda phira se zubha yoga ko prApta karanA, yaha 'pratikramaNa 1 hai / tathA azubha yoga ko ko chor3akara uttarottara zubha yoga meM vartanA, yaha bhI 'pratikramaNa'2 hai / prativaraNa, pariharaNa, karaNa, nivRtti, nindA, gahIM aura zodhi, ye saba pratikramaNa ke samAnArthaka zabda haiM (A0ni0 gA0 1233) / ina zabdoM kA bhAva samajhAne ke lie pratyeka zabda ko vyAkhyA para eka-eka dRSTAnta diyA gayA hai, jo bahuta manoraMjaka hai (A0-ni0, gA0 1242) / 1- svasthAnAdyanparasthAnaM pramAdasya vazAdgataH / tatraiva kramaNaM bhUyaH, pratikramaNamucyate // 1 // 2--prativartanaM vA zubheSu yogeSu mokSaphaladeSu / .. niHzalyasya yateryat tadvA jJeyaM pratikramaNam // 1 // -Avazyaka-sUtra, pRSTha 553 /

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Avazyaka kriyA. 176 pratikramaNa kA matalaba pIche lauTanA hai--eka sthiti meM jAkara. phira mUla sthiti ko prApta karanA pratikramaNa hai / pratikramaNa zabda kI isa sAmAnya vyAkhyA ke anusAra Upara batalAI huI vyAkhyA ke viruddha arthAt azubha yoga se haTa kara zubha yoga ko prApta karane ke bAda phira se azubha yoga ko prApta karanA yaha bhI pratikramaNa kahA jA sakatA hai / ataeva yadyapi pratikramaNa ke (1) prazasta aura (2) aprazasta, ye do bheda kiye jAte haiM ( zrA0, pR0 552 ), to bhI 'zrAvazyaka' kriyA meM jisa pratikramaNa kA samAveza hai vaha aprazasta nahIM kintu prazasta hI hai; kyoMki isa jagaha antardRSTi vAle-AdhyAtmika puruSoM kI hI Avazyaka-kriyA kA vicAra kiyA jAtA hai / (1) daivasika, (2) rAtrika, (3 / pAkSika, (4) cAturmAsika aura (5) sAMvatsarika, ye pratikramaNa ke pA~ca bheda bahuta prAcIna tathA zAstrasaMmata haiM; kyoMki inakA ullekha zrI bhadrabAhusvAmI bhI karate haiM (prA0ni0, gA0 1247) / kAlabheda se tIna prakAra kA pratikramaNa bhI batalAyA hai--(1) bhUtakAla meM lage hue doSoM ko AlocanA karanA, (2) saMvara karake vartamAna kAla ke doSoM se bacanA aura (3) pratyAkhyAna dvArA bhaviSyat doSoM ko rokanA pratikramaNa hai (A0 pR0 551 / uttarottara AtmA ke vizeSa zuddha svarUpa meM sthita hone kI icchA karanevAle adhikAriyoM ko yaha bhI jAnanA cAhiye ki pratikramaNa kisa-kisa kA karanA cAhie-(1) mithyAtva, (2) avirati, (3) kaSAya aura (4) aprazasta yoga--- ina cAra kA pratikramaNa karanA caahie| arthAt mithyAtva chor3akara samyaktva ko pAnA cAhie, avirati kA tyAga kara virati ko svIkAra karanA cAhiye, kaSAya kA parihAra karake kSamA Adi guNa prApta karanA cAhie aura saMsAra bar3hAnevAle vyApAroM ko chor3akara aAtma-svarUpa kI prApti karanI cAhie / ___ sAmAnya rIti se pratikramaNa (1) dravya aura (2) bhAva, yo do prakAra kA hai / bhAvapratikramaNa hI upAdeya hai, dravyapratikramaNa nahIM / dravyapratikramaNa vaha hai, jo dikhAve ke lie kiyA jAtA hai / doSa kA pratikramaNa karane ke bAda bhI phira se usa doSa ko bAra bAra sevana karanA, yaha dravya pratikramaNa hai| isase AtmA zuddha hone ke badale dhiThAI dvArA aura bhI doSoM kI puSTi hotI hai / isa para kumhAra ke bartanoM ko kaMkara dvArA bAra-bAra phor3akara bAra-bAra mAphI mA~ganevAle eka dullakasAdhu kA dRSTAnta prasiddha hai / (5) dharma yA zukla-dhyAna ke lie ekAgra hokara zarIra para se mamatA kA tyAga karanA 'kAyotsarga' hai| kAyotsarga ko yathArtha

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180 jaina dharma aura darzana rUpa meM karane ke lie isa ke doSoM kA parihAra karanA caahie| ve ghoTaka Adi doSa saMkSepa meM unnIsa haiM (zrA.. ni0, gA0 1546-1547) / ____ kAyotsarga se deha kI jar3atA aura buddhi kI jar3atA dUra hotI hai, arthAt vAta Adi dhAtuoM kI viSamatA dUra hotI hai aura buddhi kI mandatA dUra hokara vicArazakti kA vikAsa hotA hai / sukha-duHkha titikSA arthAt anukUla aura pratikUla donoM prakAra ke saMyogoM meM samabhAva se rahane kI zakti kAyotsarga se prakaTa hotI hai / bhAvanA aura dhyAna kA abhyAsa bhI kAyotsarga se hI puSTa hotA hai| aticAra kA cintana bhI kAyotsarga meM ThIka-ThIka ho sakatA hai / isa prakAra dekhA jAya to kAyotsarga bahuta mahattva kI kriyA hai| kAryotsarga ke andara liye jAnevAle eka zvAsocchAsa kA kAla-parimANa zloka ke ekapAda ke uccAraNa ke kAla-parimANa jitanA kahA gayA hai / (6) tyAga karane ko 'pratyAkhyAna' kahate haiM / tyAgane yogya vastue~ (1) dravya aura (2) bhAvarUpa se do prakAra kI haiM / anna, vastra Adi bAhya vastue~ dravyarUpa haiM aura ajJAna, asaMyama Adi vaibhAvika pariNAma bhAvarUpa haiM / anna, vastra Adi bAhya vastuoM kA tyAga ajJAna, asaMyama Adi ke tyAga dvArA bhAva tyAga-pUrvaka aura bhAvatyAga ke uddezya se hI honA cAhiye / jo dravyatyAga bhAvatyAga pUrvaka tathA bhAvatyAga ke lie nahIM kiyA jAtA, usa aAtmA ko guNa-prApti nahIM hotii| (1) zraddhAna, (2) jJAna, (3) vaMdana, . 4) anupAlana, (5) anubhASaNa aura (6) bhAva, ina chaH zuddhiyoM ke sahita kiyA jAnevAlA pratyAkhyAna zuddha pratyAkhyAna hai ( zrA0, pR0647), pratyAkhyAna kA dUsarA nAma guNa-dhAraNa hai, so isalie ki usase aneka guNa prApta hote haiN| pratyAkhyAna karane se prAstrava kA nirodha arthAt saMvara hotA hai / saMvara se tRSyA kA nAza, tRSNA ke nAza se nirupama samabhAva aura aise samabhAva se kramazaH mokSa kA lAbha hotA hai| krama kI svAbhAvikatA tathA upapatti--jo antardRSTi vAle haiM, unake jIvana kA pradhAna uddezya samabhAva-sAmAyika prApta karanA hai| isalie unake pratyeka vyavahAra meM samabhAva kA darzana hotA hai| antardRSTi vAle jaba kiptI ko samabhAva kI pUrNatA ke zikhara para pahu~ce hue jAnate haiM, taba ve unake vAstavika guNoM kI stuti karane lagate haiN| isa taraha ve samabhAva-sthita sAdhu puruSoM ko vandana-namaskAra karanA bhI nahIM bhUlate / antardRSTivAloM ke jIvana meM aisI sphUrti-apramattatA hotI hai ki kadAcit ve pUrvavAsanA-vaza yA kusaMsarga-vaza samabhAva se gira jAe~, taba bhI usa apramattatA ke kAraNa pratikramaNa karake ve apanI pUrva-prApta sthiti ko

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Avazyaka kriyA 181 phira pA lete hai aura kabhI-kabhI to pUrva-sthiti se Age bhI bar3ha jAte haiN| dhyAna hI zrAdhyAtmika jIvana ke vikAsa kI kuMjI hai| isake lie antardRSTi vAle bArabAra dhyAna-kAyotsarga kiyA karate haiN| dhyAna dvArA citta-zuddhi karate hue ve AtmasvarUpa meM vizeSatayA lIna ho jAte haiN| ataeva jar3a vastuoM ke bhoga kA parityAgapratyAkhyAna bhI unake lie sAhajika kriyA hai| isa prakAra yaha spaSTa siddha hai ki AdhyAtmika puruSoM ke ucca tathA svAbhAvika jIvana kA pRthakkaraNa hI 'Avazyaka-kriyA' ke krama kA zrAdhAra hai| jaba taka sAmAyika prAsa na ho, taba taka caturviMzati-stava bhAvapUrvaka kiyA hI nahIM jA sakatA, kyoMki jo svayaM samabhAva ko prApta nahIM hai, vaha samabhAva meM sthita mahAtmAtroM ke guNoM ko jAna nahIM sakatA aura na unase prasanna hokara unakI prazaMsA hI kara sakatA hai| isalie sAmAyika ke bAda caturviMzatistava hai / caturvizatistava kA adhikArI vandana ko yathAvidhi kara sakatA hai| kyoMki jisane caubIsa tIrthakaroM ke guNoM se prasanna hokara unakI stuti nahIM kI hai, vaha tIrthakaroM ke mArga ke upadezaka sadguru ko bhAvapUrvaka vandana kaise kara sakatA hai| isI se vandana ko caturvizatistava ke bAda rakhA hai| __ vandana ke pazcAt pratikramaNa ko rakhane kA Azaya yaha hai ki AlocanA guru-samakSa kI jAtI hai| jo guru-vandana nahIM karatA vaha aAlocana kA adhikArI hI nahIM / guru-vandana ke sivAya kI jAnevAlI AlocanA nAmamAtra kI AlocanA hai, usase koI sAdhya-siddhi nahIM ho sktii| saccI AlocanA karanevAle adhikArI ke pariNAma itane namra aura komala hote haiM ki jisase vaha Apa hI Apa guru ke pairoM para sira namAtA hai / ___kAyotsarga kI yogyatA pratikramaNa kara lene para hI AtI hai| isakA kAraNa yaha hai ki jaba taka pratikramaNa dvArA pApa kI AlocanA karake citta-zuddhi na kI jAya, taba taka dharma-dhyAna yA zukladhyAna ke lie ekAgratA saMpAdana karane kA, jo kAyotsarga kA uddezya hai, vaha kisI taraha siddha nahIM ho sakatA / aAlocanA ke dvArA citta-zuddhi kiye binA jo kAyotsarga karatA hai, usake mu~ha se cAhe kisI zabda-vizeSa kA japa huA kare, lekina usake dila meM ucca dhyeya kA vicAra kabhI nahIM pAtA / vaha anubhUta viSayoM kA hI cintana kiyA karatA hai| ___ kAyotsarga karake jo vizeSa citta-zuddhi, ekAgratA aura Atmabala prApta karatA hai, vahI pratyAkhyAna kA saccA adhikArI hai| jisane ekAgratA prApta nahIM kI hai aura saMkalpa-bala bhI paidA nahIM kiyA hai, vaha yadi pratyAkhyAna kara bhI le to mI usakA ThIka-ThIka nirvAha nahIM kara sakatA / pratyAkhyAna sabase Upara kI 'zrAvazyaka

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182 jaina dharma aura darzana kiyA' hai / usake lie viziSTa citta-zuddhi aura vizeSa utsAha kI darakAra hai, jo kAyotsarga kiye binA paidA nahIM ho skte| isI abhiprAya se kAyotsarga ke pazcAt pratyAkhyAna rakhA gayA hai / isa prakAra vicAra karane se yaha spaSTa jAna par3atA hai ki chaH 'Avazyaka' kA jo krama hai, vaha vizeSa kArya-kAraNa-bhAva kI zRGkhalA para sthita hai / usameM ulaTa-phera hone se usa kI vaha svAbhAvikatA nahIM rahatI, jo ki usameM hai / 'Avazyaka-kriyA' kI AdhyAtmikA - jo kriyA AtmA ke vikAsa ko lakSya meM rakha kara kI jAtI hai, vahI AdhyAtmika kriyA hai / AtmA ke vikAsa kA matalaba usa ke samyaktva, cetana, cAritra yAdi guNoM kI kramazaH zuddhi karane se hai / isa kasauTI para kasane se yaha abhrAnta rIti se siddha hotA hai ki 'sAmAyika' zrAdi chahoM 'Avazyaka' AdhyAtmika haiN| kyoMki sAmAyika kA phala pApajanaka vyApAra kI nivRtti hai, jo ki karma-nirjarA dvArA AtmA ke vikAsa kA kAraNa hai / caturviMzatistava kA uddezya guNAnurAma kI vRddhi dvArA guNa prApta karanA hai, jo ki karma- nirjarA dvArA AtmA ke vikAsa kA sAdhana hai / vandana-kriyA ke dvArA vinaya kI prApti hotI hai, mAna khaNDita hotA hai, gurujana kI pUjA hotI hai, tIrthaMkaroM kI AjJA kA pAlana hotA hai aura zrutadharma kI ArAdhanA hotI hai, jo ki anta meM zrAtmA ke kramika vikAsa dvArA mokSa ke kAraNa hote haiM / vandana karanevAloM ko namratA ke kAraNa zAstra sunane kA avasara milatA hai| zAstra - zravaNa dvArA kramazaH jJAna, vijJAna, pratyAkhyAna saMyama, anAsava, tapa, karmanAza, akriyA aura siddhi ye phala batalAe gae haiM ( zra0ni0, gA0 1215 tathA vRtti ) / isalie vandana kriyA AtmA ke vikAsa kA saMdigdha kAraNa hai / zrAtmA vastutaH pUrNa zuddha aura pUrNa balavAn hai, para vaha vividha vAsanAoM ke anAdi pravAha meM par3ane ke kAraNa doSoM kI aneka tahoM se daba-sA gayA hai; isalie jaba vaha Upara uThane kA prayatna karatA hai, tatra usase anAdi abhyAsavaza bhUleM ho jAnA sahaja hai / vaha jaba taba una bhUloM kA saMzodhana na kare, taba taka iSTa siddhi ho hI nahIM sakatI / isalie pada-pada para kI huI bhUloM ko yAda karake pratikramaNa dvArA phira se unheM na karane ke lie vaha nizcaya kara letA hai / isa taraha se pratikramaNa kriyA kA uddezya pUrva doSoM ko dUra karanA aura phira se vaise doSoM ko na karane ke lie sAvadhAna kara denA hai, jisase ki AtmA doSa

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* aAvazyaka kriyAH 183 mukta ho kara dhIre-dhIre apane zuddha svarUpa meM sthita ho jAya / isI se pratikramaNakriyA AdhyAtmika hai| kAyotsarga citta kI ekAgratA paidA karatA hai aura AtmA ko apanA svarUpa vicArane kA avasara detA hai, jisase prAtmA nirbhaya banakara apane kaThinatama uddezya ko siddha kara sakatA hai| isI kAraNa kAyotsarga-kriyA bhI AdhyAtmika hai| .. duniyA~ meM jo kucha hai, vaha saba na to bhogA hI jA sakatA hai aura na bhogane ke yogya hI hai tathA vAstavika zAnti aparimita bhoga se bhI sambhava nahIM hai / isalie pratyAkhyAna-kriyA ke dvArA mumuttugaNa apane ko vyartha ke bhogoM se bacAte haiM aura usake dvArA cirakAlIna prAtmA-zAnti pAte hai / ataeva pratyAkhyAna kriyA bhI AdhyAtmika hI hai| ___ bhAva-Avazyaka eka lokottara kriyA hai; kyoMki vaha lokottara (mokSa) ke uddezya se AdhyAtmika logoM ke dvArA upayoga pUrvaka kI jAnevAlI kriyA hai / isalie pahile usakA samarthana lokottara ( zAstrIya va nizcaya ) dRSTi se kiyA jAtA hai aura pIche vyAvahArika dRSTi se bhI usakA samarthana kiyA jAegA / kyoMki 'aAvazyaka' hai to lokottara kriyA, para usake adhikArI vyavahAra-niSTha hote haiN| . jina tattvoM ke hone se hI manuSya kA jIvana anya prANiyoM ke jIvana se ucca samajhA jA sakatA hai aura anta meM vikAsa kI parAkASThA taka pahu~ca sakatA hai, ve tattva ye haiM. --- (1) samabhAva arthAt zuddha zraddhA, jJAna aura cAritra kA saMmizraNa, (2) jIvana ko vizuddha banAne ke lie sarvopari jIvanavAle mahAtmAoM ko AdazarUpa se pasanda karake unakI ora sadA dRSTi rakhanA, (3) guNavAnoM kA bahumAna va vinaya karanA, (4) kartavya kI smRti tathA kartavya-pAlana meM ho jAnevAlI galatiyoM kA avalokana karake niSkapaTa bhAva se unakA saMzodhana karanA aura phira se vaisI. galatiyA~ na hoM, isake lie AtmA ko jAgRta karanA; (5) dhyAna kA abhyAsa karake pratyeka vastu ke svarUpa ko yathArtha rIti se samajhane ke lie viveka-zakti kA vikAsa karanA aura (6 tyAga-vRtti dvArA saMtoSa va sahanazIlatA ko bar3hAnA / __ ina tatvoM ke AdhAra para Avazyaka-kriyA kA mahala khar3A hai| isalie zAstra' -guNavabahumAnAdenityasmRtyA ca stkriyaa| jAtaM na pAtayedbhAvamajAtaM janayedapi // 5 // .. kSAyopazamikabhAve yA kriyA kriyate tayA1 . patitasyApi tadbhAvapravRddhirjAyate punaH // 6 //

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184 jaina dharma aura darzana kahatA hai ki 'Avazyaka kriyA' zrAtmA ko prApta bhAva zuddhi se girane nahIM detI, usako pUrva bhAva bhI prApta karAtI hai tathA kSAyopazika-bhAva-pUrvaka kI jAnevAlI kriyA se patita zrAtmA kI bhI phira se bhAvavRddhi hotI hai / isa kAraNa guNoM kI vRddhi ke lie tathA prApta guNoM se skhalita na hone ke lie 'zrAvazyaka-kriyA' kA AcaraNa atyanta upayogI hai| vyavahAra meM Arogya, kauTumbika nIti, sAmAjika nIti ityAdi viSaya sammilita haiM / Arogya ke lie mukhya mAnasika prasannatA cAhie / yadyapi duniyA~ meM aise aneka sAdhana haiM, jinake dvArA kucha-na-kucha mAnasika prasannatA prApta kI jAtI hai, para vicAra kara dekhane se yaha mAlUma par3atA hai ki sthAyI mAnasika prasannatA una pUrvokta tattvoM ke sivAya kisI taraha prApta nahIM ho sakatI, jinake Upara 'zrAvazyakakriyA' kA AdhAra hai / kauTumbika nIti kA pradhAna sAdhya sampUrNa kuTumba ko sukhI banAnA hai / isake lie choTe-bar3e satra meM eka dUsare ke prati yathocita vinaya, AjJA-pAlana, niyamazIlatA aura pramAda kA honA jarUrI hai / ye saba guNa 'zrAvazyaka-kriyA' ke AdhArabhUta pUrvokta tattvoM ke poSaNa se sahaja hI prApta ho jAte haiM / sAmAjika nIti kA uddezya samAja ko suvyavasthita rakhanA hai / isake lie vicAra-zIlatA, prAmANikatA, dIrghadarzitA aura gambhIratA Adi guNa jIvana meM ne cAhie, jo 'Avazyaka kriyA' ke prANabhUta chaha tattvoM ke sivAya kisI taraha sakate / nahIM isa prakAra vicAra karane se yaha sApha jAna par3atA hai ki zAstrIya tathA vyavahArika donoM dRSTi se 'zrAvazyaka kriyA' kA yathocita anuSThAna parama lAbhadAyaka hai / pratikramaNa zabda kI rUr3hi - pratikramaNa zabda kI vyutpatti 'prati + kramaNa = pratikramaNa' aisI hai / isa vyutpatti ke anusAra usakA artha 'pIche phiranA', itanA hI hotA hai, parantu rUr3hi ke bala se 'pratikamaNa' zabda sirpha cauthe 'zrAvazyaka' kA tathA chaha zrAvazyaka ke samudAya kA bhI bodha karAtA hai / antima artha meM usa zabda kI prasiddhi itanI adhika ho gaI guNavRddhayA tataH kuryAtkriyAmaskhalanAya vA / ekaM tu saMyamasthAnaM jinAnAmavatiSThate ||7|| -- jJAnasAra, kriyASTaka |

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Avazyaka kriyA 185 hai ki Ajakala 'zrAvazyaka' zabda kA prayoga na karake saba koI chahoM AvazyakoM ke lie 'pratikramaNa' zabda kAma meM lAte haiM / isa taraha vyavahAra meM aura arvAcIna anthoM meM 'pratikramaNa' zabda isa prakAra se 'Avazyaka' zabda kA paryAya ho gayA hai| prAcIna granthoM meM sAmAnya 'zrAvazyaka' artha meM 'pratikramaNa' zabda kA prayoga kahIM dekhane meM nahIM AyA / 'pratikramaNahetugarbha', 'pratikramaNa vidhi', 'dharmasaMgraha' Adi arvAcIna granthoM meM 'pratikramaNa' zabda sAmAnya 'Avazyaka' ke artha meM prayukta hai aura sarvasAdhAraNa bhI sAmAnya 'zrAvazyaka' ke artha meM pratikramaNa zabda kA prayoga askhalita rUpa se karate hue dekhe jAte haiN| 'pratikramaNa' ke adhikArI aura usakI rIti para vicAra isa jagaha 'pratikramaNa' zabda kA matalaba sAmAnya 'zrAvazyaka' arthAt cha: 'AvazyakoM se hai / yahA~ usake saMbandha meM mukhya do praznoM para vicAra karanA hai| (1) 'pratikramaNa' ke adhikArI kauna haiM ? (2) 'pratikramaNa'-vidhAna kI jo rIti pracalita hai, vaha zAstrIya tathA yuktisaMgata hai yA nahIM ? . prathama prazna kA uttara yaha hai ki sAdhu aura zrAvaka donoM 'pratikramaNa' ke adhikArI haiM; kyoMki zAstra meM sAdhu aura zrAvaka donoM ke lie sAyaMkAlIna aura prAtaHkAlIna avazya kartavya-rUpa se 'pratikramaNa' kA vidhAna' hai aura aticAra Adi prasaMgarUpa kAraNa ho yA nahIM, para prathama aura carama tIrthakara ke 'zAsana' meM 'pratikramaNa' sahita hI dharma batalAyA gayA hai / dUsarA prazna sAdhu tathA zrAvaka-donoM ke pratikramaNa' rIti se saMbandha rakhatA hai| saba sAdhuoM ko cAritra-viSayaka kSayopazama nyUnAdhika bhale hI ho, para sAmAnya rUpa se ve sarva virativAle arthAt paJca mahAvrata ko trividha-trividha pUrvaka dhAraNa karane vAle hote haiN| ataeva una sabako apane paJca mahAvrata meM lage hue aticAroM ke saMzodhana rUpa se AlocanA yA 'pratikramaNa' nAmaka cauthA 'Avazyaka' samAna rUpa se karanA cAhie aura usake lie satra sAdhanoM ko samAna hI pAlocanA sUtra par3hanA cAhie, jaisA ki ve par3hate haiN| para zrAvakoM ke saMbaMdha meM tarka 1--samaNeNa sAvaeNa ya, avassakAyacvayaM havai jamhI / ante ahoNisassa ya tamhA zrAvassayaM nAma / / 2 / / -Avazyaka-vRtti, pRSTha 53 / 2.--sapaDikkamaNo dhammo, purimassa ya pacchimassa ya jiessa ! majhimayANa jiNANaM, kAraNajAe paDikkamaNaM // 1244 // -zrAvazyaka niyukti /

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jaina dharma aura darzana paidA hotA hai| vaha yaha hai ki zrAvaka aneka prakAra ke hote haiN| koI kevala samyaktva vAlA--avratI hotA hai, koI vratI hotA hai / isa prakAra kisI ko adhika se adhika bAraha taka vrata hote haiM aura sallekhanA bhI / vrata bhI kisI ko dvividhatrividha se, kisI ko ekavidha-trividha se, kisI ko ekavidha-vividha se ityAdi nAnA prakAra kA hotA hai / ataeva zrAvaka vividha abhigraha vAle kahe gae haiM ( Avazyaka niyukti gA0 1558 aadi)| bhinna abhigraha vAle sabhI zrAvaka cauthe 'zrAvazyaka' ke sivAya zeSa pA~ca 'zrAvazyaka' jisa rIti se karate haiM aura isake lie jo-jo sUtra par3hate haiM isa viSaya meM to zaGkA ko sthAna nahIM hai; para ve cauthe 'zrAvazyaka' ko jisa prakAra se karate haiM aura usake lie jisa sUtra ko par3hate haiM, usake viSaya meM zaGkA avazya hotI hai| vaha yaha ki cauthA 'zrAvazyaka' aticAra-saMzodhana-rUpa hai| grahaNa kiye hue vrata-niyamoM meM hI aticAra lagate haiN| grahaNa kiye hue vrata-niyama saba ke samAna nahIM hote| ataeva eka hI 'vandittu' sUtra ke dvArA sabhI zrAvaka-cAhe vratI hoM yA avatI--samyaktva, bAraha vrata tathA saMlekhanA ke aticAroM kA jo saMzodhana karate haiM, vaha nyAya-saMgata kaise kahA jA sakatA hai ? jisane jo vrata grahaNa kiyA ho, usako usI vrata ke aticAroM kA saMzodhana 'micchAmi dukkaDa' Adi dvArA karanA cAhie / grahaNa nahIM kie hue vratoM ke guNoM kA vicAra karanA cAhie aura guNa-bhAvanA dvArA una vratoM ke svIkAra karane ke lie Atma-sAmarthya paidA karanA cAhie / grahaNa nahIM kiye hue vratoM ke aticAra kA saMzodhana yadi yukta samajhA jAya to phira zrAvaka ke lie paJca 'mahAvrata' ke aticAroM kA saMzodhana bhI yukta mAnanA par3egA / grahaNa kiye hue yA grahaNa nahIM kiye hue vratoM ke saMbandha meM zraddhA-viparyAsa ho jAne para 'micchAmi dukkaDaM' Adi dvArA usa kA pratikramaNa karanA, yaha to saba adhikAriyoM ke lie samAna hai| para yahA~ jo prazna hai, vaha aticAra-saMzodhana rUpa pratikramaNa ke saMbandha kA hI hai athAt grahaNa nahIM kiye hue vrata niyamoM ke aticAra-saMzodhana ke usa-usa sUtrAMza ko par3hane kI aura 'micchAmi dukkaDaM' Adi dvArA pratikramaNa karane kI jo roti pracalita hai, usakA AdhAra kyA hai ? _isa zaGkA kA samAdhAna itanA hI hai ki aticAra saMzodhana-rUpa 'pratikramaNa' to grahaNa kiye hue vratoM kA hI karanA yukti-saMgata hai aura tadanusAra hI sUtrAMza par3hakara 'micchAmi dukkar3e' Adi denA cAhie / grahaNa nahIM kiye hue vratoM ke saMbandha meM zraddhA-viparyAsa kA * 'pratikramaNa' bhale hI kiyA jAe, para aticArasaMzodhana ke lie usa-usa sUtrAMza ko par3hakara 'micchAmi dukkaDaM' Adi dene kI

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Avazyaka kiyA 187 apekSA una vratoM ke guNoM kI bhAvanA karanA tathA una vratoM ko dhAraNa karanevAle ucca zrAvakoM ko dhanyavAda dekara guNAnurAga puSTa karanA hI yukti-saMgata hai / prazna yaha hai ki jaba aisI sthiti hai, taba vratI avatI, choTe-bar3e sabhI rasoN meM eka hI 'vaMdittu' sUtra ke dvArA samAna rUpa se praticAra kA saMzodhana karane kI jo prathA pracalita hai, vaha kaise cala par3I hai ? isakA khulAsA yaha jAna par3atA hai ki prathama to sabhI ko 'Avazyaka' sUtra pUrNatayA yAda nahIM hotA / aura agara yAda bhI ho, taba bhI sAdhAraNa adhikAriyoM ke lie kele kI apekSA samudAya meM hI milakara 'Avazyaka' karanA lAbhadAyaka mAnA gayA hai| tIsare jaba koI sabase ucca zrAvaka apane lie sarvathA uparyukta sampUrNa 'vaMdittu' sUtra par3hatA hai, tatra prAthamika aura mAdhyamika sabhI adhikAriyoM ke lie upayukta vaha vaha sUtrAMza bhI usameM A hI jAtA hai| ina kAraNoM se aisI samudAyika prathA par3I hai ki eka vyakti sampUrNa 'vaMdittu' sUtra par3hatA hai aura zeSa zrAvaka ucca adhikArI zrAvaka kA anukaraNa karake satra vratoM ke saMbandha meM ticAra kA saMzodhana karane laga jAte haiN| isa samudAyika prathA ke rUr3ha ho jAne ke kAraNa jaba koI prAthamika yA mAdhyamika zrAvaka akelA pratikramaNa karatA hai, taba bhI vaha 'baMdittu' sUtra ko sampUrNa hI par3hatA hai aura grahaNa nahIM kiye hue vratoM ke aticAra kA bhI saMzodhana karatA hai / isa prathA ke rUr3ha jo jAne kA eka kAraNa yaha aura bhI mAlUma par3atA hai ki sarvasAdhAraNa meM viveka kI yatheSTa mAtrA nahIM hotI / isalie 'vaMdittu' sUtra meM se apane-apane lie upayukta sUtrAMzoM ko cunakara bolanA aura zeSa sUtrAMzoM ko chor3a denA, yaha kAma sarvasAdhAraNa ke lie jaisA kaThani hai, vaisA hI viSamatA tathA golamAla paidA karanevAlA bhI hai / isa kAraNa yaha niyama rakhA gayA hai ki jaba sabhA ko yA kisI eka vyakti ko 'paccakkhANa' karAyA jAtA hai, taba aisA sUtra par3hA jAtA hai ki jisameM aneka 'paccakkhANoM' kA samAveza ho jAtA hai, jisase tabhI adhikArI apanI-apanI icchA ke anusAra paccakakhANa' kara lete haiM / isa dRSTi se yaha kahanA par3atA hai ki 'vaMditu' sUtra akhaNDita rUpa se par3hanA nyAya va zAstra - saMgata hai / rahI aticAra-saMzodhana meM viveka karane kI bAta, so usako vivekI adhikArI khuzI se kara sakatA hai| isameM prathA bAdhaka nahIM hai / 1----akhaNDaM sUtraM paThanIyamiti nyAyAt dharmasaMgraha, pRSTha 223 /

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jaina dharma aura darzana 'pratikramaNa' para hone vAle AkSepa aura unakA parihAra 'Avazyaka-kriyA' kI upayogitA tathA mahattA nahIM samajhanevAle aneka loga usa para AkSepa kiyA karate haiM / ve zrAkSepa mukhya cAra haiN| pahalA samaya kA, dUsarA artha- jJAna kA, tIsarA bhASA kA aura cauthA ruci kA / (1) kucha loga kahate haiM ki 'Avazyaka-kriyA' itanI lambI aura besamaya kI hai ki usameM pha~sa jAne se ghUmanA-phiranA aura vizrAnti karanA kucha bhI nahIM hotA / isase svAsthya aura svatantratA meM bAdhA par3atI hai / isalie 'Avazyaka - kriyA' meM pha~sane kI koI jarUrata nahIM hai| aisA kahanevAloM ko samajhanA cAhie ki sAdhAraNa loga pramAdazIla aura karttavya-jJAna se zUnya hote haiM / isalie jaba unako koI khAsa karttavya karane ko kahA jAtA hai, taba ve dUsare karttavya kI mahattA dikhAkara pahale kartavya se apanA piNDa chur3A lete haiM aura anta meM dUsare karttavya ko bhI chur3A dete haiN| ghUmane-phirane Adi kA bahAnA nikAlanevAle vAstava meM AlasI hote haiM / ataeva ve nirarthaka bAta, gapor3e Adi meM laga kara 'Avazyaka - kriyA' ke sAtha dhIre-dhIre ghUmanA-phiranA aura vizrAnti karanA bhI bhUla jAte haiM / isake viparIta jo zrapramAdI tathA karttavyajJa hote haiM, ve samaya kA yathocita upayoga karake svAsthya ke saba niyamoM kA pAlana karane ke uparAnta 'zrAvazyaka' zrAdi dhArmika kriyAe~ ko karanA nahIM bhalate / jarUrata sirpha pramAda ke tyAga karane kI aura karttavya kA jJAna karane kI hai / 15 / aisA AkSepa karane (2) dUsare kucha loga kahate haiM ki 'zrAvazyaka kriyA' karanevAloM meM se aneka loga usake sUtroM kA artha nahIM jAnate / ve tote kI taraha jyoM kA tyoM sUtra mAtra par3ha lete haiM / artha jJAna na hone se unheM usa kriyA meM rasa nahIM AtA hai ataeva ve usa kriyA ko karate samaya yA to sote rahate yA kutUhala Adi se mana bahalAte haiM / isalie 'Avazyaka - kriyA' meM pha~sanA bandhana mAtra vAloM ke ukta kathana se hI yaha pramANita hotA hai ki yadi artha-jJAna- pUrvaka 'Avazyaka kriyA' kI jAya to saphala ho sakatI hai| zAstra bhI yahI bAta kahatA hai / usameM upayoga pUrvaka kriyA karane ko kahA hai| upayoga ThIka-ThIka tabhI raha sakatA hai, jaba ki artha-jJAna ho, aisA hone para bhI yadi kucha loga artha binA samajhe 'zrAvazyaka kriyA' karate haiM aura usase pUrA lAbha nahIM uThA sakate to ucita yahI hai ki aise logoM ko artha kA jJAna ho, aisA prayatna karanA cAhie / aisA na karake mUla 'Avazyaka' vastu ko hI anupayogI samajhanA to aisA hai jaisA ki vidhi na jAnane se kiMvA vidhipUrvaka sevana karane se phAyadA na dekhakara

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. Avazyaka kriyA 186 kImatI rasAyana ko anupayogI samajhanA / prayatna karane para bhI vRddha avasthA, matimandatA zrAdi kAraNoM se jinako artha jJAna na ho sake, anya kisI jJAnI ke Azrita hokara hI dharma-kriyA karake usase phAyadA uThA sakate haiN| vyavahAra meM bhI aneka loga aise dekhe jAte haiM, jo jJAna kI kamI ke kAraNa apane kAma ko svatantrA se pUrNatApUrvaka nahIM kara sakate, ve kisI ke Azrita ho kara hI kAma karate haiM aura usase phAyadA uThAte haiM / aise logoM kI saphalatA kA kAraNa mukhyatayA unakI zraddhA hI hotI hai| zraddhA kA sthAna buddhi se kama nahIM hai / artha-jJAna hone para bhI dhArmika kriyAyoM meM jinako zraddhA nahIM haiM, ve una se kucha bhI phAyadA nahIM uThA sakate / isalie zraddhApUrvaka dhArmika kriyA karate rahanA aura bharasaka usake sUtroM kA artha bhI jAna lenA, yahI ucita hai / (3) aneka loga aisA kahate haiM ki 'Avazyaka kriyA' ke sUtroM kI racanA jo saMskRta, prAkRta Adi prAcIna zAstrIya bhASA meM hai, isake badale vaha pracalita loka bhASA meM hI honA caahie| jaba taka aisA na ho taba taka 'zrAvazyaka-kriyA' vizeSa upayogI nahIM ho sktii| aisA kahanevAle loga mantroM kI zAbdika mahimA tathA zAstrIya bhASAoM kI gambhIratA, bhAvamayatA, lalitatA Adi guNa nahIM jAnate / mantroM meM Arthika mahattva ke uparAnta zAbdika mahattva bhI rahatA hai, jo unako dUsarI bhASA meM parivartana karane se lupta ho jAtA hai / isalie jo-jo mantra jisa-jisa bhASA meM bane hue hoM, unako usI bhASA meM rakhanA hI yogya hai / mantroM ko chor3akara anya sUtroM kA bhAva pracalita loka bhASA meM utArA jA sakatA hai, para usakI vaha khUbI kabhI nahIM raha sakatI, jo ki prathamakAlIna bhASA meM hai / 'Avazyaka - kriyA' ke sUtroM ko pracalita loka bhASA meM racane se prAcIna mahattva ke sAtha-sAtha dhArmika kriyA kAlIna ekatA kA bhI lopa ho jAegA aura sUtroM kI racanA bhI anavasthita ho jAegI / arthAt dUra-dUra deza meM rahanevAle eka dharma ke anuyAyI jaba tIrtha Adi sthAna meM ikaTThe hote haiM, taba zrAcAra, vicAra, bhASA, pahanAva Adi meM bhinnatA hone para bhI ve saba dhArmika kriyA karate samaya eka hI sUtra par3hate hue aura eka hI prakAra kI vidhi karate hue pUrNa ekatA kA anubhava karate haiN| yaha ekatA sAdhAraNa nahIM hai / usako banAe rakhane ke lie dhArmika kriyAoM ke sUtrapATha Adi ko zAstrIya bhASA meM kAyama rakhanA bahuta jarUrI hai / isI taraha dhArmika kriyAoM ke sUtroM kI racanA pracalita lokabhASA meM hone lagegI to hara jagaha samaya-samaya para sAdhAraNa kavi bhI apanI kavitva zakti kA upayoga nae-nae sUtroM ko racane meM kareMge / isakA pariNAma yaha hogA ki eka hI pradeza meM jahA~ kI bhASA eka hai, aneka karttAoM ke aneka sUtra

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160 jaina dharma aura darzana ho jAe~ge aura vizeSatA kA vicAra na karanevAle logoM meM jisake mana meM jo zrAyA, vaha usI kartA ke sUtroM ko par3hane lgegaa| jisase apUrva bhAvavAle prAcIna sUtroM ke sAtha-sAtha ekatA kA bhI lopa ho jaaegaa| isalie dhArmika kriyA ke sUtra-pATha zrAdi jisa-jisa bhASA meM pahale se bane hue haiM, ve usa-usa bhASA meM hI par3he jAne cAhie / isI kAraNa vaidika, bauddha Adi sabhI sampradAyoM meM 'saMdhyA' Adi nitya karma prAcIna zAstrIya bhASA meM hI kiye jAte haiM / yaha ThIka hai ki sarvasAdhAraNa kI ruci bar3hAne ke lie pracalita loka-bhASA kI bhI kucha kRtiyA~ aisI honI cAhie, jo dhArmika kriyA ke samaya par3hI jAe~ / isI bAta ko dhyAna meM rakhakara loka-ruci ke anusAra samaya-samaya para saMskRta, apabhraMza, gujarAtI, hindI Adi bhASAoM meM stotra, stuti, sajjhAya, stavana Adi banAe haiM aura unako 'zrAvazyaka-kriyA meM sthAna diyA hai| isase yaha phAyadA huA ki prAcIna sUtra tathA unakA mahattva jyoM kA tyoM banA huA hai aura pracalita loka-bhASA ko kRtiyoM meM sAdhAraNa janatA kI ruci bhI puSTa hotI rahatI hai| (4) kitane logoM kA yaha bhI kahanA hai ki 'zrAvazyaka niyA' arucikara hai-usameM koI rasa nahIM pAtA / aise logoM ko jAnanA cAhie ki ruci yA aruci bAhma vastu kA dharma nahIM hai; kyoMki koI eka cIja sabake lie rucikara nahIM hotii| jo cIja eka prakAra ke logoM ke lie rucikara hai, vahI dUsare prakAra ke logoM ke lie arucikara ho jAtI hai| ruci, yaha antaHkaraNa kA dharma hai| kisI cIja ke viSaya meM usakA honA na honA usa vastu ke jJAna para avalambita hai / jaba manuSya kisI vastu ke guNoM ko ThIka-ThIka jAna letA hai, taba usakI usa vastu para prabala ruci ho jAtI hai / isalie 'zrAvazyaka kriyA' ko arucikara batalAnA, yaha usake mahattva tathA guNoM kA zrajJAna-mAtra hai| jaina aura anya sampradAyoM kA 'Avazyaka-karma'- sandhyA Adi ___'Avazyaka-kriyA' ke mUla tattvoM ko dikhAte samaya yaha sUcita kara diyA gayA hai ki sabhI antadRSTi vAle AtmAoM kA jIvana sama-bhAvamaya hotA hai / attahadi kisI khAsa deza yA khAsa kAla kI zRGkhalA meM prAbaddha nahIM hotI / usakA AvirbhAva saba deza aura saba kAla ke prAtmAnoM ke lie sAdhAraNa hotA hai / ataeva usako pAnA tathA bar3hAnA sabhI prAdhyAtmikoM kA dhyeya bana jAtA hai| prakRti, yogyatA aura nimitta-bheda ke kAraNa itanA to honA svAbhAvika hai ki kisI deza-vizeSa, kisI kAla-vizeSa aura kisI vyakti-vizeSa meM antarDa STi kA vikAsa kama hotA hai aura kisI meM adhika hotA hai / isalie AdhyAtmika jIvana

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Avazyaka kriyA 161 ko hI vAstavika jIvana samajhanevAle tathA usa jIvana kI vRddhi cAhanevAle sabhI sampradAya ke pravartakoM ne apane-apane anuyAyiyoM ko AdhyAtmika jIvana vyatIta karane kA, usa jIvana ke tattvoM kA tathA una tatvoM kA anusaraNa karate samaya jAnate-anajAnate ho jAnevAlI galatiyoM ko sudhAra kara phira se vaisA na karane kA upadeza diyA hai| yaha ho sakatA hai ki bhinna-bhinna sampradAya pravartakoM kI kathana-zailI bhinna ho, bhASA bhinna ho aura vicAra meM bhI nyUnAdhikatA ho; para yaha kadApi saMbhava nahIM ki AdhyAtmika jIvana-niSTha upadezakoM ke vicAra kA mUla eka na ho / isa jagaha 'zrAvazyaka-phiyA' prastuta hai / isalie yahA~ sirpha usa ke saMbandha meM hI bhinna-bhinna sampradAyoM kA vicAra-sAmya dikhAnA upayukta hogaa| yadyapi saba prasiddha sampradAyoM kI sandhyA kA thor3A bahuta ullekha karake unakA vicAra-sAmya dikhAne kA irAdA thA; para yatheSTa sAdhana na milane se isa samaya thor3e meM hI saMtoSa kara liyA jAtA hai| yadi itanA bhI ullekha pAThakoM ko rucikara huA to ve svayaM hI pratyeka sampradAya ke mUla granthoM ko dekhakara prastuta viSaya meM adhika jAnakArI kara leNge| yahA~ sirpha jaina, bauddha, vaidika aura jarathoztI arthAt pArasI dharma kA vaha vicAra dikhAyA jAtA hai| bauddha loga apane mAnya 'tripiTaka' granthoM meM se kucha sUtroM ko lekara unakA nitya pATha karate haiM / eka taraha se vaha unakA avazya karttavya hai| usameM se kucha vAkya aura unase milate-julate 'pratikramaNa ke vAkya nIce diye jAte haiMbauddhaH- (1) namo tassa bhagavato arahato sammA saMbuddhassa / buddhaM saraNaM gacchAmi / dhamma saraNaM gacchAmi / saMdhaM saraNaM gacchAmi / -laghupATha, saraNattaya / (2) pANAtipAtA veramaNi sikkhApadaM samAdiyAmi / adinnAdAnA veramaNi sikkhApadaM samAdiyAmi / kAmesu micchAcArA veramaNi sikkhApadaM samAdiyAmi / musAbAdA veramaNi sikkhApadaM samAdiyAmi / surAbherayamajjapamAdavAnA veramaNi sikkhApadaM samAdiyAmi / -laghupATha, paMcasIla / (3) asevanA ca bAlAnaM paNDitAnaM ca sevanA / pUjA ca pUjanIyAnaM etaM maMgalamuttamaM / / mAtApitu upaTTAnaM puttadArassa . saMgaho / anAkulA ca kammantA etaM maMgalamuttamaM / /

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262 jaina dharma aura darzana dAnaM ca dhammacariyA ca jAtakAnaM ca saMgaho / anavajjAni kammAni etaM maMgalamuttamaM / zrArati virati pApA majjapAnA ca sNymo| appamAdo ca dhammesu etaM maMgalamuttamaM // khanti ca sovacassatA, samaNAnaM ca dassanaM / kAlena dhammasAkacchA etaM maMgalamuttamaM / / - laghupATha, maMgalasutta / (4) sukhino vA khemino hontu sabve sattA bhavantu sukhinattA / / mAtA yathA niyaM puttaM AyusA ekputtmnurkkhe| evaMpi savabhatesu mAnasaM bhAvaye aparimANaM / / mettaM ca savvalokasmin mAnasaM bhAvaye aparimANaM / uddhaM adho ca tiriyaM ca asaMbAdhaM averaM asapataM / / -laghupATha, metasutta (1) / jaina (1) namo arihaMtANaM, namo siddhANaM / cattAri saraNaM pavajjAmi, arihante saraNaM pavajjAmi, siddhe saraNaM pavajjAmi, sAhU saraNaM pavajjAmi, kevalIpaNNattaM dhamma saraNaM pavajjAmi !! (2) thUlagapANAivAyaM samaNovAso paccakkhAI, thUlagamusAvAyaM samaNovAso paccakkhAI, thUlagaadattAdANaM samaNovAso paJcakkhAi, paradAragamaNaM samaNovAso paJcakkhAI, sadArasaMtosaM vA paDivajai / ityAdi / --Avazyaka sUtra, pR0 818-823 / (3) logaviruddhaccAo, gurujaNapUA paratthakaraNaM ca / suhagurujogo tavvayaNasevaNA AbhavamakhaMDA || dukkhakhatro kammakho, samAhimaraNaM ca bohilAbho / saMpajjau maha eyaM, tuha nAha paNAmakaraNeNaM / / -jaya vIyarAya / (4) mittI meM sabcabhUesa, veraM majha na keNaI / / zivamastu sarvajagataH, parahitaniratA bhavantu bhuutgnnaaH| . doSAH prayAntu nAzaM sarvatra sukhI bhavatu lokaH / /

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Avazyaka kriyA 263 vaidika sandhyA ke mantra va bAkya(1) "mamopAttaduritakSayAya zrIparamezvaraprItaye prAtaH sandhyopAsanamahaM kariSye / " -~-saMkalpa-vAsya / (2) U~ sUryazca mA manuzca manyupatayazca manyukRtebhyaH pApebhyo rakSantAm / yad rAvyA pApamakArSa manasA vAcA hastAbhyAM padbhyAmudareNa ziznA rAtristadavalumpatu yat kiMcida duritaM mayIdamahamamRtayonau sUrye jyotiSi juhomi svAhA / -kRSNa yajurveda / (3) OM tat saviturvareNyaM bhargo devasya dhImahI dhiyo yo naH pracodayet / ---gaaytrii| jaina-- (1) pAyacchitta visohaNatthaM karemi kAussaggaM / (2) jaM jaM maNeNa baddhaM, jaM jaM vAraNa bhAsiyaM pAvaM / jaM jaM kAeNa kayaM, micchAmi dukkaDaM tassa / / (3) candesu nimmalayarA, zrAiccesu ahiyaM payAsayarA / sAgaravaragambhIrA, siddhA siddhiM mama disantu / / pArasI loga nityaprArthanA tathA nityapATha meM apanI asalI dhArmika kitAba 'avastA' kA jo-jo bhAga kAma meM lAte haiM, vaha 'khoradeha avastA' ke nAma se prasiddha hai| usakA majamana aneka aMzoM meM jaina, bauddha tathA vaidika-saMpradAya meM pracalita sandhyA ke samAna hai / udAharaNa ke taura para usakA thor3A sA aMza hiMdI bhASA meM nIce diyA jAtA hai| ___ avastA ke mUla vAkya isalie nahIM uddhRta kie haiM ki usake khAsa akSara aise haiM, jo devanAgarI lipi meM nahIM haiN| vizeSa jijJAsu mUla pustaka se 'asalI pATha dekha sakate haiN| (1) duzmana para jIta ho| -khoradeha avastA, pR07|| (2) maiMne mana se jo bure vicAra kiye, jabAna se jo tuccha bhASaNa kiyA aura zarIra se jo halakA kAma kiyA; ityAdi prakAra se jo-jo gunAha kiye, una satra ke lie maiM pazcAttApa karatA huuN| --kho0 a0, pR0 7 // (3) vartamAna aura bhAvI saba dharmoM meM saba se bar3A, saba se acchA aura

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164 jaina dharma aura darzana sarva-zreSTha dharma 'jarathoztI' hai| maiM yaha bAta mAna letA hU~ ki 'jarathoztI' dharma hI saba kucha pAne kA kAraNa hai / (4) abhimAna, garva, mare hue logoM kI nindA karanA. lobha, lAlaca, behada gussA, kisI kI bar3hatI dekhakara jalanA, kisI para burI nigAha karanA, svacchandatA, Alasya, kAnA-phUsI, pavitratA kA bhaGga, jhUThI gavAhI, corI, lUTa-khasoTa, vyabhicAra, behada zauka karanA, ityAdi jo gunAha mujhase jAnate-anajAnate ho gae hoM aura jo gunAha sApha dila se maiMne prakaTa na kiye hoM, una sabase maiM pavitra ho kara alaga hotA huuN| -kho0 a0, pR0 23-24 / (1) zatravaH parAGmukhaH bhavantu svAhA / --vRhat shaanti| (2) kAeNa kAiyassa, paDikkame vAiyassa vAyAe / maNasA mANasiyassa, savvassa vayAiyArassa / / (3) sarvamaMgalamAMgalyaM, sarvakalyANakAraNam / pradhAnaM sarvadharmANAM jainaM jayati zAsanam // (4) aThAraha pApasthAna kI nindA | ___ 'Avazyaka' kA itihAsa 'Avazyaka-kriyA'- antardRSTi ke unmeSa va AdhyAtmika jIvana ke prArambha se 'Avazyaka-kriyA' kA itihAsa zurU hotA hai| sAmAnyarUpa se yaha nahIM kahA jA sakatA ki vizva meM AdhyAtmika jIvana sabase pahale kaba zurU huaa| isa lie 'zrAvazyaka-kriyA bhI pravAha kI apekSA se anAdi hI mAnI jAtI hai| 'Avazyaka-sUtra-jo vyakti saccA AdhyAtmika hai, usakA jIvana svabhAva se hI 'Avazyaka-kriyA'-pradhAna bana jAtA hai| isalie usake hRdaya ke andara avasthA ho, taba taka vyAvahArika, dhArmika-sabhI pravRtti karate samaya pramAdavaza 'zrAvazyaka-kriyA' meM se upayoga badala jAne kA aura isI kAraNa tAdviSayaka antardhvani bhI badala jAne kA bahuta saMbhava rahatA hai| isalie aise adhikAriyoM ko lakSya meM rakhakara 'Avazyaka-kriyA' ko yAda karAne ke lie maharSiyoM ne khAsa-khAsa samaya niyata kiyA hai aura 'Avazyaka-kriyA' ko yAda karAnevAle

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Avazyaka kriyA 165 sUtra bhI race haiM, jisase ki adhikArI loga khAsa niyata samaya para una sUtroM ke dvArA 'zrAvazyaka-kriyA' ko yAda kara apane AdhyAtmika jIvana para dRSTipAta kareM / ataeva 'Avazyaka kriyA ke daivasika, rAtrika, pAkSika, Adi pA~ca bheda prasiddha haiN| 'Avazyaka-kriyA' ke isa kAla-kRta vibhAga ke anusAra usake sUtroM meM bhI yatra-tatra bheda A jAtA hai / aba dekhanA yaha hai ki isa samaya jo 'zrAvazyaka-sUtra' hai, vaha kaba banA hai aura usake racayitA kauna haiM ? pahale prazna kA uttara yaha hai ki 'zrAvazyaka-sUtra' IsvI san se pUrva pA~cavIM zatAbdi se lekara cauthI zatAbdi ke prathama pAda taka meM kisI samaya racA huzrA honA cAhie / isakA kAraNa yaha hai ki IsvI san se pUrva pA~ca sau chabbIsaveM varSa meM bhagavAn mahAvIra kA nirvANa huA | vIra-nirvANa ke bIsa varSa bAda sudharmA svAmI kA nivANa huaa| sudharmA svAmI gaNadhara the / 'zrAvazyaka-sUtra' na to tIrthaMkara kI hI kRti hai aura na gaNadhara kii| tIrthakara kI kRti isalie nahIM ki ve artha kA upadezamAtra karate haiM, sUtra nahIM racate / gaNadhara sUtra racate haiM sahI, para 'zrAvazyaka-sUtra' gaNadhara-racita na hone kA kAraNa yaha ki usa sUtra kI gaNanA aGgabAhyazruta meM hai| aGga bAhyazruta kA lakSaNa zrI umAsvAtI ne apane tattvArtha-bhASya meM yaha kiyA hai ki jo zrata, gaNadhara kI kRti nahIM hai aura jisakI racanA gaNadhara ke Ada ke parama medhAvI AcAryoM ne kI hai, vaha 'aGgabAhyazruta' kahalAtA hai / ' aisA lakSaNa karake usakA udAharaNa dete samaya unhoMne sabase pahale sAmAyika Adi chaha 'AvazyakoM' kA ullekha kiyA hai aura isake bAda dazavaikAlika Adi anya sUtroM kA / yaha dhyAna rakhanA cAhie dazavaikAlika, zrI zayyaMbhava sUri jo sudharmA svAmI ke bAda tIsare zrAcArya hue, unakI kRti hai / aGgabAhya hone ke kAraNa 'Avazyaka-sUtra', gaNadhara zrI sudharmA svAmI ke bAda ke kisI AcArya kA racita mAnA jAnA caahie| isa taraha usake racanA ke kAla kI 1- gaNadharAnantaryAdibhistvatyantavizuddhAgamaiH paramaprakRSTavAGmatizaktibhirAcArya: kAlasaMhananAyurdoSAdalpazaktInAM ziSyANAmanugrahAna yatproktaM tadaGgabAhyamiti / --tattvAthe-adhyAya1, sUtra 20 kA bhASya / 2--aGgabAhyamanekavidham / tadyathA--sAmAyika caturviMzatistavo vandanaM prati. kramaNaM kAyavyutsargaH pratyAkhyAnaM dazakAlikamuttarAdhyAyAH dazAH kalpavyavahArau nizIthamRSibhASitAnyevamAdi / --tatvArtha-a- 1, sUtra 20 kA bhASya /

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266 __jaina dharma aura darzana pahalI miyAda adhika se adhika IsvI san se pahile lagabhaga pA~cavIM zatAbdI ke prArambha taka hI batAI jA sakatI hai| usake racanA kAla kI uttara avadhi adhika se adhika IsvI san se pUrva cauthI zatAbdI kA prathama caraNa hI mAnA jA sakatA hai; kyoMki caturdaza-pUrva-dhara zrI bhadrabAhu svAmI jinakA avasAna IsvI san se pUrva tIna sau chappana varSa ke lagabhaga mAnA jAtA hai, unhoMne 'AvazyakasUtra' para sabase pahale vyAkhyA likhI hai, jo niyukti ke nAma se prasiddha hai| yaha to prasiddha hai ki niyukti ho zrI bhadrabAhu kI hai, saMpUrNa mUla 'zrAvazyaka-sUtra nhiiN| aisI avasthA meM mUla 'zrAvazyaka-sUtra' adhika se adhika unake kucha pUrvavartI yA samakAlIna kisI anya zrutadhara ke race hue mAnane cAhie / isa dRSTi se yahI mAlUma hotA hai ki 'Avazyaka' kA racanA-kAla IsvI san se pUrva pA~cavIM zatAbdI se lekara cauthI zatAbdI ke prathama caraNa taka meM honA cAhie / dUsarA prazna kartA kA hai / 'Avazyaka-sUtra' ke kartA kauna vyakti haiM ? usake kA koI eka hI prAcArya hai yA aneka haiM ? isa prazna ke prathama aMza ke viSaya meM nizcita rUpa se kucha nahIM kahA jA sakatA; kyoMki isakA spaSTa ullekha kahIM nahIM miltaa| dUsare aMza kA uttara yaha hai ki 'aAvazyaka-sUtra' kisI eka kI kRti nahIM hai| alabattA yaha Azcarya kI bAta hai ki saMbhavataH 'zrAvazyaka sUtra' ke bAda turanta hI yA usake sama-samaya meM race jAnevAle dazavaikAlika ke kArUpa se zrI zayyaMbhava sUri kA nirdeza svayaM zrI bhadrabAhu ne kiyA hai ( dazavaikAlikaniyukti, gA0 14-15); para 'aAvazyaka-sUtra' ke kartA kA nirdeza nahIM kiyA hai| zrI bhadrabAhu svAmI niyukti racate samaya jina dasa AgamoM kI niyukti karane kI jo pratijJA karate haiM, usameM dazakAlika ke bhI pahale 'Avazyaka' kA ullekha hai / yaha kahA jA cukA hai ki dazavaikAlika zrI zayyaMbhava sUri kI 1--prasiddha kahane kA matalaba yaha hai ki zrI zIlAGka sUri apanI prAcAraGga-vRtti meM sUcita karate haiM ki 'zrAvazyaka' ke antargata caturviMzatistava (logassa) hI zrI bhadrabAhusvAmI ne racA hai--aAvazyakAntarbhUtazcaturviMzatistavastvArAtIyakAlabhAvinA zrIbhadrabAhusvAminA'kAri' pR0 83 / isa kathana se yaha sAphaH jAna par3atA hai ki zIlAGka sUri ke jamAne meM yaha bAta mAnI jAtI thI ki sampUrNa 'Avazyaka-sUtra' zrI bhadrabAhu kI kRti nahIM hai| 2--zrAvassagassa dasakAliassa taha uttarajhamAyAre / sUyagaDe nijjutti, bucchAmi tahA dasANaM ca // 84 !! kappassa ya nijjutti, vavahArasseva paramaNiuNassa / / sUriapaeNattIe vucchaM isibhAsiANaM ca / / 85 //

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zrAvazyaka kriyA 267 kRti hai| yadi dasa zrAgamoM ke ullekha kA krama, kAla-krama kA sUcaka hai to yaha mAnanA par3egA ki 'Avazyaka-sUtra' zrI zayyaMbhava sUri ke pUrvavartI kisI anya sthavira kI, kiMvA zayyaMbhava sUri ke samakAlIna kintu unase bar3e kisI anya sthavira kI kRti honI cAhie / tattvArtha-bhASya-gata 'gaNadharAnantaryAdibhiH' isa aMza meM vartamAna 'zrAdi' pada se tIrthakara-gaNadhara ke bAda ke zravyavahita sthavira kI taraha tIrthakara gaNadhara ke samakAlIna sthavira kA bhI grahaNa kiyA jAya to 'AvazyakasUtra' kA racanA-kAla IsvI san se pUrva adhika se adhika chaThI zatAbdi kA antima caraNa hI mAnA jA sakatA hai aura usake kartArUpa se tIrthakara-gaNadhara ke samakAlIna koI sthavira mAne jA sakate haiM / jo kucha ho, para itanA nizcita jAna par3atA hai ki tIrthakara ke samakAlIna sthaviroM se lekara bhadrabAhu ke pUrvavartI yA samakAlIna sthaviroM taka meM se hI kisI kI kRti 'zrAvazyaka-sUtra' hai / mUla 'Avazyaka-sUtra' kI parIkSaNa-vidhi- mUla 'Avazyaka' kitanA hai arthAt usameM kauna-kauna sUtra sanniviSTa haiM, isakI parIkSA karanA jarUrI hai; kyoMki Ajakala sAdhAraNa loga yahI samajha rahe haiM ki 'zrAvazyaka-kriyA meM jitane sUtra par3he jAte haiM, ve saba mUla 'zrAvazyaka' ke ho haiN| mUla 'zrAvazyaka' ko pahacAnane ke upAya do haiM--pahalA yaha ki jisa sUtra ke Upara zabdazaH kiMvA adhikAMza zabdoM kI sUtra-sparzika niyukti ho, vaha sUtra mUla 'Avazyaka'-ta hai| aura dUsarA upAya yaha hai ki jisa sUtra ke Upara zabdazaH kiMvA adhikAMza zabdoM kI sUtra-sparzika niyukti nahIM hai; para jisa sUtra kA artha sAmAnya rUpa se bhI niyukti meM varNita hai yA jisa satra ke kisI-kisI zabda para niyukta hai yA jisa sUtra kI vyAkhyA karate samaya prArambha meM TIkAkara zrI haribhadra sUri ne 'sUtrakAra Ahe' tacca idaM sUtraM, imaM sUtra' ityAdi prakAra kA ullekha kiyA hai, vaha sUtra bhI mUla 'zrAvazyaka'-gata samajhanA cAhie / pahale upAya ke anusAra 'namukkAra, karemi bhaMte, logassa, icchAmi khamAsamaNo, tassa uttarI, annattha, namukkArasahiya Adi paccakkhANa-' itane sUtra maulika jAna par3ate haiN| dUsare upAya ke anusAra 'cattAri maMgalaM, icchAmi paDikkamiDaM jo me devasizro, iriyAvahiyAe, pagAmasijjAe, paDikkamAmi goyaracariyAe, paDiska mAmi cAukkAlaM, paDikkamAmi egavihe, namo cauvisAe, icchAmi ThAiuM kAussaggaM, savvaloe arihaMtaceiyAeM, icchAmi khamAsamaNo uvaDipromi abhitara pakkhiyaM, icchAmi svamAsamaNo piyaM ca meM, icchAmi khamAsamaNo punvi ceha

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168 jaina dharma aura darzana yAI, icchAmi khamAsamaNo ubvaDiyomi tubbharaha, icchAmi khamAsamaNo kayAI ca me, puvyAmeva micchattAno paDikkammai kittikammA-itane sUtra maulika jAna par3ate hai| tathA inake alAvA 'tattha samaNovAso, thUlagapANAivAyaM samaNovAso pancakkhAi, thUlagamusAvAyaM,' ityAdi jo sUtra zrAvaka-dharma-saMbandhI arthAt samyaktva, bAraha vrata aura saMlekhanAviSayaka haiM tathA jinake AdhAra para 'vaMdittu' kI padya-bandha racanA huI hai, ve sUtra bhI maulika jAna par3ate haiM / yadyapi ina sUtroM ke pahale TIkAkAra ne 'sUtrakAra Aha, sUtra' ityAdi zabdoM kA ullekha nahIM kiyA hai tathApi 'pratyAkhyAna-Avazyaka' meM niyuktikAra ne pratyAkhyAna kA sAmAnya svarUpa dikhAte samaya abhigraha kI vividhatA ke kAraNa zrAvaka ke aneka meda batalAe haiN| jisase jAna par3atA hai| zrAvaka-dharma ke ukta satroM ko lakSya meM rakhakara hI niyuktikAra ne zrAvaka-dharma kI vividhatA kA varNana kiyA hai / Ajakala kI sAmAcArI meM jo pratikramaNa kI sthApanA kI jAtI hai, vahA~ se lekara 'namo'stu vardhamAnAya' kI stuti paryanta meM hI chaha 'zrAvazyaka' pUrNa ho jAte haiM / ataeva yaha to spaSTa hI hai ki pratikramaNa kI sthApanA ke pUrva kie jAnevAle caitya-candana kA bhAga aura 'namo'stu vardhamAnAya' kI stuti ke bAda par3he jAne vAle sajjhAya, stavana, zAnti Adi, ye saba chaha 'zrAvazyaka' ke bahirbhUta haiM / ataeva unakA mUla 'zrAvazyaka' meM na pAyA jAnA svAbhAvika hI hai / bhASA dRSTi bhASA ke gadya-padya maulika ho hI nahIM sakate; kyoMki sampUrNa mUla 'Avazyaka' prAkRta bhASA meM hI hai / prAkRta-bhASA-maya gadya-padya meM se jitane sUtra ukta do upAyoM ke anusAra maulika batalAe gae haiM, unake alAvA anya sUtra ko mUla 'zrAvazyaka'-gata mAnane kA pramANa abhI taka hamAre dhyAna meM nahIM AyA hai| ataeva yaha samajhanA cAhie ki chaha 'aAvazyakoM meM 'sAta lAkha, aTAraha pApasthAna, zrAyariya-uvajjhAe, veyAvaccagarANa, pukkharavaradIvaDDhe, siddhANaM buddhANaM, suadevayA bhagavaI Adi thuI aura 'namo'stu vardhamAnAya' Adi jo-jo pATha bole jAte haiM, ve saba maulika nahIM haiM / yadyapi 'zrAyariyauvajhjhAe, pukkhakharadIvaDr3he, siddhANaM buddhANaM' ye maulika nahIM haiM tathApi ve prAcIna haiM; kyoMki unakA ullekha karake zrI haribhadra sUri ne svayaM unakI vyAkhyA kI hai| prastuta parIkSaNa vidhi kA yaha matalaba nahIM hai ki jo sUtra maulika nahIM hai, usakA mahattva kama hai / yahA~ to sirpha itanA hI dikhAnA hai ki deza, kAla aura

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Avazyaka kriyA 169 ruci ke parivartana ke sAtha-sAtha 'zrAvazyaka'-kriyopayogI sUtra kI saMkhyA meM tathA bhASA meM kisa prakAra parivartana hotA gayA hai / ___yahA~ yaha sUcita kara denA anupayukta na hogA ki Ajakala daivasika-pratikramaNa meM 'siddhANaM buddhANaM' ke bAda jo zrutadevatA tathA kSetradevatA kA kAyotsarga kiyA jAtA hai aura eka-eka stuti par3hI jAtI hai, vaha bhAga kama se kama zrI haribhadra sari ke samaya meM pracalita pratikramaNa-vidhi meM sanniviSTa na thA, kyoMki unhoMne apanI TIkA meM jo vidhi daivasika-pratikramaNa kI dI hai, usameM 'siddhANaM' ke bAda pratilekhana vandana karake tIna stuti par3hane kA hI nirdeza kiyA hai--(Avazyaka vRtti, pR0 760) / vidhi-viSayaka sAmAcArI-bheda purAnA hai; kyoMki mUla-TIkAkAra-saMmata vidhi ke alAvA anya vidhi kA bhI sUcana zrI haribhadrasUri ne kiyA hai (AvazyakavRtti, pR. 763) / usa samaya pAkSika-pratikramaNa meM kSetradevatA kA kAussagga pracalita nahIM thA; para zayyAdevatA kA kAussagga kiyA jAtA thA / koI-koI cAturmAsika pratikramaNa meM bhI zayyAdevatA kA kAussagga karate the aura kSetradevatA kA kAussagA to cAturmAsika aura sAMvatsarika-pratikramaNa meM pracalita thA--Avazyaka-vRtti, pR0 464; bhASya gAthA 233 / isa jagaha mukha para mu~hapattI bA~dhanevAloM ke lie yaha bAta khAsa arthasUcaka hai ki zrI bhadrabAhu ke samaya meM bhI kAussagga karate samaya mu~hapattI hAtha meM rakhane kA hI ullekha hai-Avazyaka niyukti, pR0 767, gAthA 1545 / / mUla 'Avazyaka' ke TIkA-grantha--'Avazyaka', yaha sAdhu-zrAvaka-ubhaya kI mahattvapUrNa kriyA hai / isalie 'aAvazyaka-sUtra' kA gaurava bhI vaisA hI hai / yahI kAraNa hai ki zrI bhadrabAhu svAmI ne dasa niyukti racakara tatkAlIna prathA ke anusAra usakI prAkRta-padya-maya TIkA likhii| yahI 'zrAvazyaka' kA prAthamika TIkAgrantha hai| isake bAda saMpUrNa 'zrAvazyaka' ke Upara prAkRta-padya-maya bhASya banA, jisake kartA ajJAta haiN| anantara cUNI banI, jo saMskRta-mizrita prAkRta-gadya-maya hai aura jisake kartA saMbhavataH jinadAsa gaNi haiN| aba taka bhASA-viSayaka yaha loka-ruci kucha badala gaI thii| yaha dekhakara samaya-sUcaka AcAryoM ne saMskRta-bhASA meM bhI TIkA likhanA prArambha kara diyA thaa| tadanusAra 'Avazyaka' ke Upara bhI kaI saMskRta-TIkAe~ banI, jinakA sUcana zrI haribhadra sUri ne isa prakAra kiyA hai

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200 jaina dharma aura darzana . 'yadyapi mayA tathAnyaiH, kRtAsya vivRtistathApi saMkSepAt / tadcisattvAnugrahahetoH kriyate prayAso'yam // jAna par3atA hai ki ve saMskRta-TIkAe~ saMkSipta rahI hoNgii|aavshyk-vRtti, pR0 1 ataeva zrI haribhadrasUri ne 'Avazyaka ke Upara eka bar3I TIkA likhI, jo upalabdha nahIM hai; para jisakA sUcana ve svayaM 'mayA' isa zabda se karate haiM aura jisake saMbandha kI paraMparA kA nirdeza zrI hemacandra maladhArI apane 'AvazyakaTippaNa---pR0 1 meM karate haiN| ___ bar3I TIkA ke sAtha-sAtha zrI haribhadra sUri ne saMpUrNa 'Avazyaka' ke Upara choTI TIkA bhI likhI, jo mudrita ho gaI hai, jisakA parimANa bAIsa hajAra zloka kA hai, jisakA nAma 'ziSyahitA' hai aura jisameM saMpUrNa mUla 'zrAvazyaka' tathA usakI niyukti kI saMskRta meM vyAkhyA hai| isake uparAnta usa TIkA meM mUla, bhASya tathA cUrNI kA bhI kucha bhAga liyA gayA hai / zrI haribhadrasari kI isa TIkA ke Upara zrI hemacandra maladhArI ne TippaNa likhA hai| zrI malayagiri sUri ne bhI 'zrAvazyaka' ke Upara TIkA likhI hai, jo karIba do adhyayana taka kI hai aura abhI upalabdha hai| yahA~ taka to huI saMpUrNa 'Avazyaka' ke TIkA-granthoM kI bAta; para unake alAvA kevala prathama adhyayana, jo sAmAyika adhyayana ke nAma se prasiddha hai, usa para bhI bar3e-bar3e TIkA-anya bane hue haiN| sabase pahale sAmAyika adhyayana kI niyukti ke Upara zrI jinabhadragaNi kSamAzramaNa ne prAkRta-padya-maya bhASya likhA jo vizeSAvazyaka bhASya ke nAma se prasiddha hai| yaha bahuta bar3A Akara anya hai| isa bhASya ke Upara unhoMne svayaM saMskRta-TIkA likhI hai / koTyAcArya, jinakA dUsarA nAma zIlAGka hai aura jo zrAcArAGga tathA sUtra-kRtAGga ke TIkAkAra haiM, unhoMne bhI ukta vizeSAvazyaka bhASya para TIkA likhI hai| zrI hemacandra maladhArI kI bhI ukta bhASya para bahuta gambhIra aura vizada TIkA hai| 'Avazyaka' aura zvetAmbara-digambara sampradAya 'Avazyaka-kriyA jainatva kA pradhAna aGga hai| isalie usa kriyA kA tathA usa kriyA ke sUcaka 'Avazyaka-sUtra' kA jaina-samAja kI zvetAmbara-digambara, ina do zAkhAoM meM pAyA jAnA svAbhAvika hai / zvetAmbara sampradAya meM sAdhu-paraMparA avicchinna calate rahane ke kAraNa sAdhu-zrAvaka donoM ko 'Avazyaka-kriyA' tathA 'zrAvazyaka-satra' abhI taka maulika rUpa meM pAye jAte haiM / isake viparIta digambarasampradAya meM sAdhu-paraMparA virala aura vicchinna ho jAne ke kAraNa sAdhu saMbandhI 'zrAvazyaka-kriyA' to lusaprAya hai hI, para usake sAtha-sAtha usa sampradAya meM

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Avazyaka kriyA 201 Avaka-saMbandhI 'zrAvazyaka-kriyA' bhI bahuta aMzoM meM virala ho gaI hai| ataeva digambara-saMpradAya ke sAhitya meM 'Avazyaka-sUtra' kA maulika rUpa meM saMpUrNatayA na pAyA jAnA koI acaraja kI bAta nahIM / phira bhI usake sAhitya meM eka 'mUlAcAra' nAmaka prAcIna grantha upalabdha hai, jisameM sAdhuoM ke prAcAroM kA varNana hai / usa grantha meM chaha 'zrAvazyaka' kA bhI nirUpaNa hai / pratyeka 'Avazyaka' kA varNana karane vAlI gAthAoM meM adhikAMza gAthAe~ vahI haiM, jo zvetAmbara-sampradAya meM prasiddha zrI bhadrabAhukRta niyukti meM haiM / mUlAcAra kA samaya ThIka jJAta nahIM; para vaha hai prAcIna / usake kartA zrI vaTTakera svAmI haiN| 'vaTTakara', yaha nAma hI sUcita karatA hai ki mUlAcAra ke kartA saMbhavataH karNATaka meM hue hoMge / isa kalpanA kI puSTi kA kAraNa eka yaha bhI hai ki digambara-sampradAya ke prAcIna bar3e-bar3e sAdhu, bhaTTAraka aura vidvAn adhikatara karNATaka meM hI hue haiM / usa deza meM digambara-sampradAya kA prabhutva vaisA hI rahA hai, jaisA gujarAta meM zvetAmbara-sampradAya kA / mUlAcAra meM zrI bhadrabAhu-kRta niyukti-gata gAthAoM kA pAyA jAnA bahuta * artha-sacaka hai| isase zvetAmbara-digambara-saMpradAya kI maulika ekatA ke samaya kA kucha pratibhAsa hotA hai| aneka kAraNoM se yaha kalpanA nahIM kI jA sakatI hai ki donoM saMpradAya kA bheda rUr3ha ho jAne ke bAda digambara-prAcArya ne zvetAmbarasaMpradAya dvArA surakSita 'Avazyaka-niyukti' gata gAthAoM ko lekara apanI kRti meM jyoM kA tyoM kiMvA kucha parivartana karake rakha diyA hai| dakSiNa deza meM zrI bhadrabAhu svAmI kA svargavAsa huA, yaha to pramANita hI hai, ataeva adhika saMbhava yaha hai ki zrI bhadrabAhu kI jo eka ziSya-paraMparA dakSiNa meM rahI aura Age jAkara jo digambara-saMpradAya-rUpa meM pariNata ho gaI, usane apanI guru kI kRti ko smRti-patha meM rakkhA aura dUsarI ziSya paraMparA, jo uttara hiMdustAna meM rahI, evaM Age jAkara bahuta aMzoM meM zvetAmbara-saMpradAya rUpa meM pariNata ho gaI, usane bhI anya granthoM ke sAtha-sAtha apane guru kI kRti ko samhAla rakkhA / kramazaH digambara saMpradAya meM sAdhu-paraMparA virala hotI calI; ataeva usameM sirpha 'zrAvazyaka-niyukti' hI nahIM, balki mUla 'zrAvazyaka-sUtra' bhI truTita aura virala ho gyaa| isake viparIta zvetAmbara saMpradAya kI avicchinna sAdhu-paraMparA ne sirpha mUla 'zrAvazyaka-sUtra' ko hI nahIM, balki usakI niyukti ko surakSita rakhane ke puNyakArya ke alAvA usake Upara aneka bar3e-bar3e TIkA-anya likhe aura tatkAlIna

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202 jainadharma aura darzana zrAcAra-vicAra kA eka prAmANika saMgraha aisA banA rakkhA ki jo Aja bhI jainadharma ke asalI rUpa ko viziSTa rUpa meM dekhane kA eka prabala sAdhana hai| . - aba eka prazna yaha hai ki digambara-saMpradAya meM jaise niyukti aMzamAtra meM bhI pAI jAtI hai, vaise mUla 'zrAvazyaka' pAyA jAtA hai yA nahIM ? abhI taka usa saMpradAya ke 'zrAvazyaka-kriyA' saMbandhI do grantha hamAre dekhane meM Ae haiN| jinameM eka mudrita aura dUsarA likhita hai| donoM meM sAmAyika tathA pratikramaNa ke pATha haiM / ina pAThoM meM adhikAMza bhAga saMskRta hai, jo maulika nahIM hai| jo bhAga prAkRta hai, usameM bhI niyukti ke AdhAra se maulika siddha honevAle 'zrAvazyakasUtra' kA aMza bahuta kama hai| jitanA mUla bhAga hai, vaha bhI zvetAmbara-saMpradAya meM pracalita mUla pATha kI apekSA kucha nyUnAdhika yA kahIM kahIM rUpAntarita bhI ho gayA hai| namukkAra, karemi bhaMte, logassa. tassa uttarI, annattha, jo me devasino aiyAro katro, iriyAvahiyAe, cattAri maMgalaM. paDikamAmi egavihe, iNameva niggandhapAvayaNaM tathA vaMdittu ke sthAnApanna arthAt zrAvaka-dharma-samyaktva, bAraha vrata, aura saMlekhanA ke aticAroM ke pratikramaNa kA gadya bhAga', itane mUla 'Avazyaka-sUtra' ukta do digambara-granthoM meM haiN| __inake atirikta, jo bRhatpratikramaNa-nAmaka bhAga likhita prati meM hai, vaha zvetAmbara-saMpradAya-prasiddha pakkhiya sUtra se milatA julatA hai| hamane vistAra-bhaya se una saba pAThoM kA yahA~ ullekha na karake unakA sUcanamAtra kiyA hai| mUlAcAra-gataM 'zrAvazyaka-niyukti' kI saba gAthAoM ko bhI hama yahA~ uddhata nahIM karate / sirpha do-tIna gAthAoM ko dekara anya gAthAoM ke nambara nIce likha dete haiM, jisase jijJAsu loga svayaM hI mUlAcAra tathA 'Avazyaka-niyukti dekha kara milAna kara leNge| pratyeka 'Avazyaka' kA kathana karane kI pratijJA karate samaya zrI vaTTakera svAmI kA yaha kathana ki 'maiM prastuta 'Avazyaka' para niyukti kahU~gA'-( mUlAcAra, gA0 517, 537, 574, 611, 631, 647), yaha avazya artha-sUcaka hai; kyoMki saMpUrNa mUlAcAra meM 'zrAvazyaka kA bhAga chor3akara anya prakaraNa meM 'niyukti' zabda eka-Adha jagaha AyA hai| ghaDAvazyaka ke anta meM bhI usa bhAga ko zrI vaTTakera svAmI niyukti ke nAma se hI nirdiSTa kiyA hai (mUlAcAra, gA0 686, 660) isase yaha spaSTa jAna par3atA hai ki usa samaya zrI bhadrabAhu-kRta niyukti kA jitanA bhAga digambara sampradAya meM pracalita rahA hogA, usako saMpUrNa kiMvA

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203 Avazyaka kriyA aMzata: unhoMne apane grantha meM sanniviSTa kara diyaa| zvetAmbara-sampradAya meM pA~cavA~ 'zrAvazyaka' kAyotsarga aura chaThA pratyAkhyAna hai| niyukti meM chaha 'zrAvazyaka' kA nAma nirdeza karanevAlI gAthA meM bhI vahI krama hai; para mUlAcAra meM pA~cavA~ 'Avazyaka' pratyAkhyAna aura chaThA kAyotsarga hai| khamAmi sabvajIvANaM, sabve jIvA khamaMtu me| mettI me savvabhUdesu, veraM majha Na keNa vi / / bRhatpratika0 / khAmemi savvajIve, savve jIvA khamaMtu me| mettI me savvabhUesu, veraM mabhaM na keNaI // zrAva, pR0 765 / eso paMcaNamoyAro, savvapAvapaNAsaNo / maMgalesu ya savvesu, paDhamaM vadi maMgalaM // 514 / / mUlA0 / eso paMcanamukkAro, savvapAvappaNAsaNo / maMgalANaM ca savvaisiM, paDhamaM havai maMgalaM // 132 / / Ava0ni0 / sAmAiyaMmi du kade, samaNo iva sAvo havadi jamhA / edena kAraNeNa du, bahuso sAmAiyaM kujjA // 531 / / muulaa| sAmAiyaMmi u kae, samaNo iba sAvo havaI jamhA / eeNa kAraNeNaM, bahuso sAmAiyaM kujjA // 801 // zrAva0 ni0 / mUlA0,gA0 naM0 / Ava0ni0, gA0 naM0 [ mUlA0, gA0 naM / zrAva-ni0, gA0 naM 504 618536 ( logassa 1,7) 505 621 | 540 1058 653 541 1057 510 544 165 511 667 167 512 546 166 514 132 550 201 524 (bhASya, 146) 551 202 767 552 1056 526 768 553 1060 53. 766 531 1051 533 1245 1063,1064 (bhASya,160) | 558 1065 507 `r`r `r`r `r`r `r`r lh lh lh sh sh lm 555

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108 1233 1rm jaina dharma aura darzana mUlA*, gA0 naM0 / zrAva0ni0, gA0naM0 / mUlA0, gAnaM0 / Ava0ni0,gAnaM. 556 1066 / 607 1211 560 1066 1212 561 1076 1225 563 1077 612 564 1066 1247 565 1063 1231 566 1064 1232 567 1065 1250 568 1066/621 1243 566 1244 (bhASya, 263) 577 1565 (bhASya, 246) 562 250 1107 251 564 1161 1556 565 648 1487 566 656 1458 567 1168668 566 1200 547 1201 | 671 1541 1202 1479 1207 1468 1208 ! 676 1460 1206 1462 1210 / [ 'paMcapratikramaNa' kI prastAvanA MNSnnummmm 1217 % 601 # 675 6.4 # # . #