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Nyayayika - God is ultimate cause of creation maintenance & destruction of world. He did not created world out of nothing but it is created out of eternal atoms, space, time & 'ether mind and souls.
Charvaka - Consciousness ceases apparently with the body when men dies nothing is left to enjoy or suffer.
Opponents of Metaphysics - Greek sceptics have declared that doctrine of Metaphysics is false, it contradicts empirical knowledge & is uncertain. It transcends limits of human knowledge is meaningless. It asserts nothing but only theoretical contents, mere words, and attitude of person towards life.
Metaphysics is theoretical concern with God soul etc. is beyond physics has goal of apprehension of truth. Arts are production, science is practical, ethics are economics is for direction of human action Physical Science are concerned with nature & structure of material or physical substance living, non living; make up whole world. Metaphysics has immaterial substance. Empirist, Any claim to knowledge requires justification by reference to sensory experience. Object of knowledge is not a thing external to and independent of our cognitive machinery. God does not command universal assent Alheist have denied the very existence of God, Atheist includes-materialist, naturalists humanist,
nalist, secularist Materialist & naturalist search after truth & disbelieve in supernatural powers like God. Humanist dedicates his life to the service of being man animal & realize essence of humanity. Altrui means somebody else & term altruism used to denote devotion to the end of others.
Secularist may lead the best possible moral life without paying any heed to religious ways of society. Concept of God is not accepted by all. Innumerable heinous misdeeds have been committed in name of God, under grab of religion. In middle ages the Jihads or religious wars of mohamedians against unbelievers in allah, crusades were instigated by the church for alleged religious ends, the claim for partition of India on communal basis are burning examples of atrocities committed in name of God. Knowledge of God is controversial issue is chase after black cat in a dark chamber some declare knowable & assert him as unknown God can't be known as way of knowing are inadequate. Attempts to grasp God go in vain. He transcends speech & reason is beyond human comprehension. Telos - means an end or purpose, design argument of God as a designer of order that prevails in universe. .
Nyaya Kusumanjati endeavors to prove the existence of God on ground of combination. All composite objects of world are creation of
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