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Multiple pregnancy means preterm delivery, prefaced by early & lengthy hospitalization higher risk of pregnancy-induced hypertension, polyhydramnios severe anemia, preclampsia & postpartum blood transfusions minor discomforts are increased & women may suffer severe nausea & vomiting or become depressed or anxious likelihood of cesarean delivery entailing more pain & a longer recovery time after the birth. Infants born of multiple pregnancy risk premature delivery low infant birth weight, birth defects & problems of infant immaturity including physical & mental retardations. These infants may suffer lengthy costly process of dying in neonatal intensive care. Thus woman carrying more than one fetus also faces the possibility of becoming a mother to infants who will be seriously, physically, impaired or will die.
Mothers gestating a child has been compared with donating kidney or other organ. We are not required to donate organ to others analogously a woman is not morally required the fetus the use of her body. This is objected that woman has special responsibility to the child
rrving. The mother may have voluntarily performed an act which she new may result in a child's conception which generates such responsibilities.
Argument - consenting to gestate child if conceived is distinct from consenting to pregnancy & care.
Abortion is chosen as a means towards ending of pregnancy requesting termination of pregnancy. E.g. an actress may wish not to be pregnant because her pregnancy will change her figure or woman may dread the discomforts pains & difficulties involved in pregnancies.
In both cases motive is ending pregnancy. It is not intentional is misleading. As choosing of not to provide life support of body-womb is there. It is actively expelling the human embryo from womb. Abortion is act of extracting the unborn human being from the womb. An extraction rip him to pieces, causing death is morally in permissible.
Causing death is morally permissible - if pregnant woman is discovered to have a concrous uterous & is proximate danger to the nother's life it can be morally right to remove the cancerous uterous. with baby in it even if baby die or in ectopic cases pregnancy mother:hild both are in danger.
Child has serious respiratory disease & father is told his smoking vill cause her death. Here father's smoking is unethical as it is harming etus.
Continued smoking is immoral or city air pollution is danger for hild & he should move to another city. So smoking & not moving to nother city is 'unjust and wrong as side effect.
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