________________
158
Study of Jainism
activity. In addition to these it has been suggested that we should avoid violence, untruth, theft, non-celibacy, and possessions (parigsha) Similarly, we should control five senses.67 All these physical and mental discipline are aimed at the moral and spiritual development in the direction of the preparation of the further ground for the removal of karma. Dvadas anuprekşa gives a similar description of the four forms of saṁvara as 1) Samyaktva samvara 2) Desavşata saṁvara 3) Kaşaya samvara and Yoga-saħvara.68 In the Samayasara also samvara has been distinguished into four types of processes like the removal of nithyatva, of perversity of ignorance, practice of self-control and the curtailment of activity yoga.69 Similar conception of samvara has been presented by the Buddhist for the sake of self-realisation. The Tathagata has mentioned six types of samvara. In the Anguttharanikaya it has been suggested that the stoppage of influx of karma is possible by the removal of avidya.70
Nirjara : After sarvara we come to the processes of Nirjara. The function of samvara is to arrest the influx of karma through different sources by stopping the inlets. But the function of Nirjara is to remove the accumulated karma already present in the soul. Just as, if a tank is to be cleaned, we first stop the inlets of water and then remove the accumulated water, similarly samvara stops the influx of karma while Nirjara removes the accumulated karma.71 In the dvadas anupreksa it has been said that the karma that has already been accumulated has to be removed, that is Nirjara.12 The processes of Nirjara is a gradual processes of purification of soul. That would lead to Mokşa. Nirjara is of two types : 1) Sak ama-Nirjara and 2) Akama-Nirjara. In sakama Nirjara the karmic particles are removed through the practice of vệata. But in the case of Akama Nirjara the removal of karma is possible by the gradual process of the activity of the soul in its pure nature. In this, the righteous activities refer to the very nature of the soul. It has also been suggested that Nirjara is of two types: 1) Abuddhipūrvaka which is a natural process of exhaustion of karma through the experiences of life as in the case of Denizens of hell who exhaust karma through the compulsory tortures. 2) Kuşalmūla-Nirjara is possible through the practice of austèrities (tapas) and the conquest of trouble.Ta
Jain Education International
For Private & Personal Use Only
www.jainelibrary.org
