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Jaina Ethics
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society will be based on spiritual liberty, political equality and economic fraternity"55.
However, in the practice of parimita parigraha, it is necessary to use the right means for the acquisition of possessions. Property earned by wrong and unrighteous means, even if it is within the self-imposed limit, is to be considered as sinful earnings. 56 In the case of those who have not got even the limited possessions, they are enjoined to earn with righteousness. They should not express attachment and regret for the state they are in. To express deep attachment for that which they do not possess is parigsaha It is an expression of antara parigsaha.
The schematic presentation of Jaina social ethics mentions the detailed list of the violation of aņuvȚatas. They are the aticaras. Acarja Samantabhadra mentions five forms of aticaras of aparigsaha aņuyệata. We should not violate the vșata in the practices mentioned below as they would be the aticáras.
i. Ativahana : Making animals work severely or run to exhaution. It is a form of himsa. We should not over-work a beast of burden beyond its easy capacity. Similarly, we should not make servants and other dependents walk or work more than their capacity.
ii. Atisaṁgraha : It is hoarding of possessions more than is permitted. The merchants who hoard the articles with a view to getting higher prices commit such aticara. Similarly, we should not collect things, like furniture and other articles, more than our requirements. It would be violation of the vow of parimita parigsaha.
iii. Vismaya : It is an expression of surprise mixed with sadness and envy at seeing others acquiring property. Expression of surprise at listening to the acquisition of property by others. This is Vismayaticara.
iv. Lõbha is excessive greed for acquiring property. One who has greed does not get satisfied even if he gets his legitimate share of profit.
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