Studies in Haribhadrasuri

Author(s): N M Kansara, G C Tripathi
Publisher: B L Institute of Indology

Page 32

Studies in Haribhadrasüri
(avanaudarya), fixing the type of diet by excluding all other types (vrtti-parisamkhyāna), giving up delicious diet (rasaparityāga), selecting a lonely habitat (vivikta-sayanāsana), and mortification of the body (kāya-kleśa). The internal austerity is of six types, viz., expiation (prāyaścitta), humility (vinaya), service of worthy people (vaiyāvrtya), study (svādhyāya), giving up attachment to the body, etc. (vyutsarga), and meditation (dhyāna).
Of the aids to the stoppage of influx mentioned above, conduct (cāritra) conforms to Patañjali's Yama and Buddhist Sila. Similarly, the internal austerities like meditation, etc., resemble Patañjali's. Pratyāhāra and Buddhist Samādhi. Likewise, the external austerities like fasting, etc., corresponds to Tapas given as the third among the Niyamas by Patañjali, while the external austerity called 'study' may be compared to the Svādhyāya enumerated as the fourth among the five Niyamas by Patañjali.
Haribhadra composed about half a dozen works on the science of Yoga. In his times many traditions and interpretations of Yoga were current. He sorted cream from all of them and utilized it in enriching the Jain Yoga literature. The Yoga-drstisamuccaya and the Yoga-bindu are two major works of Haribhadra on Yoga in Sanskrit, while his Yoga-śataka and the Yoga-vimśikā are in Prakrit. In the first two texts Haribhadra mainly discusses the problem of an ideal personality.
In the Yoga-drsti-samuccaya, Haribhadra attempts a novel scheme of spiritual tradition. He has divided Yoga into three types, viz., icchā-yoga, śāstra-yoga and sāmarthya-yoga, and the spiritual evolution into eight stages or drstis, viz., Mitrā, Tārā, Balā, Dīprā, Sthirā, Kāntā, Prabhā, and Parā. These names and the basic concepts underlying them seem to have been borrowed from some non-Jaina tradition because there is almost nothing typically Jaina about this eight-fold division. Still one can compare the fourteen Guna-sthānas with these eight stages as well with the list given by Patañjali in his Yoga-sūtra.
In his Yoga-bindu, Haribhadra has enumerated three types