Reviews Of Different Books

Page 12

54 REVIEWS which refer to the roots; e.g., ad-i (ad 'eat'), as-ti (as 'be'). Though Panini does in fact use ad-i (2.4.72), as-ti (2.4.52), and other such forms, he does not formulate a rule to introduce the affixes ik, stip for such derivatives. Hence, these affixes are properly not listed in Prof. Katre's dictionary. But neither should kara be listed. 173: karaka-madhya- 'between two cases'. On the same page karaka- is accompanied by the gloss 'instrumental in bringing about the action denoted by the verb; the notion of a case'. Together these entries leave unclear exactly what is meant by karaka-madhya-; see IIJ 12.238 (1970) for the rule in which the term occurs and an example of the usage for which it accounts. 187: krtya-1 'the class of affixes forming the future passive participle'. Although krtya affixes generally are introduced in derivative nominals denoting direct objects (karman) or bhava (3.4.70), it should be noted that such affixes occur in other types of derivatives also. For example, yat occurs in vah-ya-, which denotes a means of transportation (3.1.102: vahyam karanam); this item does not mean 'fit to bear or to be borne, fit to draw or to be drawn' (thus Katre, p. 507). 216: gotra-l 'technical term for an affix used for forming patronymics or matronymics; the grandson and his descendants'. I think it would have been useful to separate the references for the two glosses. Strictly speaking, gotra- need be interpreted as denoting affixes only in three rules, 4.1.94, 4.2.39, 4.3.80. 4.1.162 (apatyam pautraprabhrti gotram) defines gotra as denoting a descendant starting from the grandson. And this usage applies in 2.4.63, 4.1.78, 89, 93, 98, 4.2.111. In 4.3.126, 5.1.134 gotrais used to denote nominal bases which are patronymics, and in 6.2.69 the term is used with reference to a second member of a compound having this meaning. Moreover, in 4.2.39, 4.3.80, according to commentators, gotra does not have the meaning assigned it by 4.1.162 but rather denotes any descendant. 245: jani-karts- 'progenitor, procreator, bringing into being; the agent of jani'. In the only rule given as reference (1.4.30) the appropriate meaning is 'agent of coming into being'. 246: jayya- 'to be conquered or gained'. In the rule referred to (6.1.81, misprinted as 6.1.87) and the one given in the addenda (5.1.93, p. 689) this item means 'which can be conquered'. On p. 199 ksayya- is correctly glossed '(anything) that can be destroyed or removed' and reference is made to 6.1.81, where Panini explicitly says: that jayya-, ksayya- are used in the meaning 'which can be ...' (sakyarthe). 270: ta-para- 'followed or preceded by the phoneme t'. The twofold interpretation of this term as 'followed by t' (tah paro yasmat) and 'following t' (tat parah) is, to be sure, entertained in all the major commentaries. But it is equally clear that the only interpretation which does not lead to great difficulties and overly subtle argumentation to avoid these (e.g., claiming that what is taken to be t is really d) is the first. 335: nitya- 'fixed, necessary, obligatory'. One of the references given is 8.1.4: nityavipsayoh, which provides for the doubling of items under the condition that the meanings nitya and vipsa are to be conveyed by the speaker. This rule serves for deriving such sequences as jalpati jalpati, purusah puruso nidhanam upaiti, for which see above, re p. 96. But here nitya does not mean 'permanent, fixed'; as Patanjali notes (ad 8.1.4, III.364.26) it means here 'constant repetition' (abhiksnya); the rule thus refers to actions which an agent constantly performs (Kas. ad 8.1.4: yam kriyam karta pradhanyenanuparaman karoti tan nityam). Nor does vipsa in 8.1.4 mean simply "repetition' (thus Katre, p. 525). The term is used with reference to the total pervasion (vi-ap) of objects by properties or actions, which pervasion the speaker wishes to convey, as in the example 'all men go unto death'; cf. Bh. ad 8.1.4 (II.365.2-6). 486: lar 'the personal endings of the imperfect'. lat 'the personal endings of the present tense'. Similarly, p. 488: lin 'the personal endings of the Potential (Optative) and Benedictive moods'. lit 'the personal endings of the Perfect; the Perfect Tense'. p. 490: lun 'the personal endings of the Aorist'. lut 'the personal endings of the Peri