Mahavira Jain Vidyalay Suvarna Mahotsav Granth Part 1

Author(s): Mahavir Jain Vidyalaya Mumbai
Publisher: Mahavir Jain Vidyalay

Page 708

PHONETICS & GRAMMAR AS FOUND IN THE BHAGAVATI SŪTRA : 237
There occurs the phenomenon of Samprasarana, i.e., 'ya' and 'va' become 'i' and 'u' respectively in the language of this work, e.g., ābbhimtara (11-11-428) = abhyantara, pașiniya (9-33-389) = pratyanika, turiyam (15-1-557) = tvaritam, suvina (11-11-428) = svapna.
In some places the Varṇāgama, particularly of ma is found at the beginning of the uttaraśabda (last word), e.g., sāmãiyamaiyaim (9-33-382) = Sāmāiyikādi.
Grammar :
Some ideas of the grammatical structure of the language used in the Bhagavati Sūtra are given below :-Sandhi : (1) It is found in the canonical work that the single member (i.e. word) in compounds generally remains like the other member in its pure thematic form without sandhi, e.g., Ovāsa-vāya-ghana-udahi (1-9-73). Here the vowels a and u stand uncontracted, but similar vowels coming together in compounds form Sandhi, e.g., Jiväjiva (2-5-107). (2) In the case of the second member of a compound having i and followed by a double consonant, the final vowel of the first member is generally dropped, e.g., egimdiya (2-1-85) = ekendriya. (3) The vowels i & u of a member in compounds do not form sandhi with dissimilar vowels of the other member, e. g., pagai-uvasaṁta (1-6-52) = prakrtyupaśānta. (4) a+u form sandhi, e.g., Samanovāsagā (2-5-107) = śramaṇopāsakas. (5) a or ä followed by a long vowel i or ū is dropped, e.g., rāisara (9-33-385). (6) Sometimes a or a becomes contracted with udvștta vowel i, i oru, ū, e.g., ké i (16-4-573), therä (2-5-108). (7) In some cases a standing at the end of the first member of a compound is omitted before a dissimilar udvịtta vowel, i.e., at the beginning of the second member, e.g., devaulam (5-7-219), devāuyam (1-8-64). (8) na (not) sometimes forms sandhi with the initial vowel of a verb, e.g., natthi (1-3-32), naţthesi (15-1-551), nāhi (15-1-552).
Gender and Number :
The gender and number of words which are correlated vary in many cases in their use in this canonical work.
(1) The general practice is found to insert an inorganic in the middle of a compound at the end of a word, i.e., an oscillation is partly produced by the rule of the last syllable. Thus the neuter-nouns are used as masculine and they form the nominative singular in e, e.g., udagarayane (15-1-547), utthāne, kamme, bale, virie (1-3-34), duvihe