Mahavira Jain Vidyalay Suvarna Mahotsav Granth Part 1

Author(s): Mahavir Jain Vidyalaya Mumbai
Publisher: Mahavir Jain Vidyalay

Page 709

238 : SHRI MAHAVIRA JAINA VIDYALAYA GOLDEN JUBILEE VOLUME
uvaoge paņņatte (16-7-583), etc. (2) The neuter an becomes masculine in a, e.g., kamme (1-3-34) = karman; it becomes the neuter of a stem, e.g., addhā (11-11-424) = adhvā which is derived from the stem adhvan. (3) The neutral forms by the similarity of the termination a are made dialectically in the nominative and accusative plurals from the masculine in a, e.g., pasināim (2-1-90), (4) Neutral plural forms of the masculine are also used in the case of u stem, e.g., heuim (2-1-90). (5) Neutral forms from the feminine are used, e.g., tayāpāņae (15-1-553), valiyão (8-5-325). (6) The dual number is not used except in the case of the numeral, e.g., duve kavoyasarīrā (15-1-557).
Other grammatical features :
(1) A general practice is found in the use of the particle 'o' or 'to' derived from 'ato' as mere expletive, e.g., davvao (1-1-15). (2) The so-called ya śruti used for the division of words and the dropping of ta in the case of the often occurring forms of the third person, singular number and present tense and the past perfect passive show two tendencies of the grammatical rules of the early and later Middle-Indo-Aryan stages of language.
Declension:
(1) In the third person, singular number nominative akārānta word (i. e. stem in a) terminates in ê, e.g., Samane, Mahāvīre, aigare
(1-1-5), and the plural in ā or äo, e.g., damdagā (1-2-20), tasä (2-1-9). samjayā (1-2-21), äillāo (1-2-21). (2) In the accusative singular it ends in aṁ or iṁ or um, e.g., egaṁ maham nāvam (1-6-55), Jamalim (9-33-385), usuń (1-8-67), and in the plural in z or ā or o, e.g.. ammāpiyaro (9-33-384), te samanovāsae (2-5-110), vāhanão (2-1--90) (3) In the singular number of the instrumental case it terminates in eņa or enam, e.g., paridahenam (1-1-19) and in the plural in hi or him, e.g., nānamtarehim (1-3-37), āsavadārehim (1-6-55). (4) In the dative singular number it ends in ae or atte, e.g., vahāe (1-8-68), dukkhattāe (1-1-15). (5) In the singular number of the ablative case it terminates in ko, e.g., Rāyagihão (2-1-90) and in the plural in himto, e.g., ehimto, (1-7-58), gehehimto (2-5-109). (6) In the singular number of the genitive it ends in ssa and in the plural in āņa or ņam, e.g., vigayapakkhassa (1-1-8), neraiyānam (1-1-10). (7) In the locative singular it terminates in e or msi or mmi and in the plural in esu or sum, e.g. Kālamāse (1-1-19), harade (1-6-55), udagaṁsi (1-6-54), ekkekkaṁmi (1-1-11), padammi (1-1-11), (plu.) sannivesesu (1-1-10). (8) In the