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LECTURE VIII
89
conditioned by climate and soil This vocation is called "haluju ujas in the Jaina literature and it is looked upon with disfavour by the Jaina father Such a vocation includes the rearing of saukā, śuka, cat, dog, cock and peacock
“सारिकाशुकमार्जारश्वकुक्कुटकलापिनाम् ।
पोषो दास्याश्च वित्ताथैमसतीपोषणं विदुः ॥3 The occupation of boring lands includes the digging of wells, tanks, directing the river-couise, draining the lahes, tilling agricultural fields, breaking stones, and manufacture of stone articles. This occupation with its sub-groups is influenced by soul and the manufacture of stone articles are greatly determined by the soil and mountain reliefs Wells or tanks cannot be dug in a soil whiclı is likely to be silted soon Nor agricultural occupation in a dry barren land can flourish Traffic in lac"hterafviser" 10 is also determined by soil, climate and mountains Agricultural firms and floriculture in ancieni India were well organized and workers such as guards were appointed by the ranchers to ward off birds and animals from the agricultural fields The keepers of the field11 and rice-fields are constantly mentioned in the Jaina literature 12 Floriculture also flourished in rich fertile soil in an ideal climate and employees with various designations such as garden over-seers, keepers of the garden were attachel to the gardens In higher vocation such as medicine the influence of flora is also felt The following quotation will support our statement "Jivānanda learnt his hereditary science of Ayurveda in all its eight branches, and studied the drugs from the point of view of their taste, efficacy and action "13
As remarked in the foregoing pages, the soil and climate remarkably influence the growth of the animal population, which, again, dete:mines human occupations such as agriculture, heiding or grazing of
8 Hemacandra Yogaśāstra, vol I, p. 572, verse 113 9 Ibid, p 573, verse no 114 10 Ibid, p 570, verse no 108 11 Kathālosa, p 43 12 Ibid, p 45, p 258 13. Jaina Jātahas, p 77, verse no 729
12
