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101
LECTURE VIII
three fundamental needs of human lise We quote below from Hemacandra relating to this point "From that uimic, the first artisans, the potters, arose. For the sake of houses for the people, the Lord appointed carpenters He, wisc, appomtcd painters for the painting of the houses, for the sake of diversity of the people's plcasuic. He eslablished weaveis for the people's clothes, ... .
The Master, the sole sathcı of the world, appomed barbers for the people who were very much annoyed by the growth of hair and nails... He established grass-gathering, wood-cari ying, ploughing, and tradethese business for the sake of the people's livelihood."**Haic wc find the modern conception of thic Slale paui onage of agriculture, trade, com. merce and industry for the financial prosperity of uic citizens, clcarly anticipated. This palionage was cffcctively supplemented by indus. trial training given to fit students
In ancient India-in Jama India-thc employment of the citizens of the state after their period of training was over, was a concern of the government This ultra-modern theory was thoroughly understood and practised by the Jama authorities The conference of parents and citizens at large to which we have alıcady icfcrred is an instance to the point The Mahābhārata bears clear tcstimony to the consciousness of the rulers in this important aspect of their duty The following quotation from the Mahābhārata will bcar us out.
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FAT AST HERIH ! Faleita a Os24754 11 880 11" Cănakya in his famous Arthaśāstra advocates the state supervision of trade and industry, and there he mentions a separate department of trade and industry with a hierarchy of officers 95
The ancient merchants, tradesmen, artizans, agriculturists and other businessmen had associations or guilds of their own We have
53. Trışaştıśalákā-purusa-Caritra, vol I, p 152, p. 153 54 Mahābhārata, vol, iv, p 69, verse nos 119-120
55. Cănakya's Arthaśāstra, tr. by R. Shama Sastry, pp 94, 100, 106, 140. 180-181,
