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NOTES AND ILLUSTRATIONS.
and who have no end of revealed books, but nevertheless, do not belong to the Ahl i Kitáb (Jews, Christians, and Muhammadans), not a day passed, but a new fruit of this loathsome tree ripened into existence.
Sometimes again, it was Shaikh Tajuddin of Dihlí, who had to attend the emperor. This Shaikh is the son of Shaikh Zakariya of Adjodhan. The principal 'Ulamás of the age call him Tájulárifin, or crown of the Çúfís. He had learned under Shaikh Zamán of Pánípat, author of a commentary on the Lawáih, and of other very excellent works, was in Çúfism and pantheism second only to Shaikh Ibn 'Arabí, and had written a comprehensive commentary on the Nuzhat ularwáh. Like the preceding he was drawn up the wall of the castle. His Majesty listened whole nights to his Çúfic trifles. As the Shaikh was not overstrict? in acting according to our religious law, he spoke a great deal of the pantheistic presence, which idle Çúfís will talk about, and which generally leads them to denial of the law and open heresy. He also introduced polemic matters, as the ultimate salvation by faith of Pharaoh-God's curse be upon him which he mentioned in the Fuçúc ulhikam", or the excellence of hope over fear, and many other things to which men incline from weakness of disposition, unmindful of cogent reasons, or distinct religious commands, to the contrary. The Shaikh is therefore one of the principal culprits, who weakened His Majesty's faith in the orders of our religion. He also said that infidels would,
1 As long as a Çúft conforms to the Qorán, he is shar'l; but when he feels that he has drawn nearer to God, and does no longer require the ordinances of the profanum vulgus, he is ázád, free, and becomes a heretic.
? Pharaoh claimed divinity, and is therefore mül'am, accursed by God. But according to some books, and among them the Fuçúc, Pharaoh repented in the moment of death, and acknowledged Moses a true prophet.
3 The Islám says, Alimán baina-l khaufi warrijd, Faith stands between fear and hope. Hence it is sin to fear God's wrath more than to hope for God's mercy; and so reversely.
imed divinitoresand amoun sacknowle
