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repeats what the Vishnuite says, substituting Çiva for Vishnu, [23] but with the difference already explained, namely, that the Civa-sect has no incarnation to which to point, as has the Vishnuite. Çiva is modified Rudra, and both are old god-names. Later, however, the Çivaite has also his incarnate god. As an example of later Çiva-worship may be taken Vishnu's own hymn to this god in vii. 80.54 ff.: "Reverence to Bhava, Çarva, Rudra (Çiva), the bestower of gifts, the lord of cattle, the terrible, great, fearful, god of three wives;[24] to him who is peace, the Lord, the slayer of sacrifices (makhaghna)[25] ... to the blue-necked god; to the inventor (or author) ... to truth; to the red god, to the snake, to the unconquerable one, to the blue-haired one, to the trident-holder; ... to the inconceivable one ... to him whose sign is the bull; ... to the creator of all, who pervades all, who is worshipped by all, Lord of all, Çarva, Çankara, Çiva, ... who has a thousand heads a thousand arms, and death, a thousand eyes and legs, whose acts are innumerable." In vii. 201. 71, Çiva is the unborn Lord, inconceivable, the soul of action, the unmoved one; and he that knows Çiva as the self of self, as the unknowable one, goes to brahma-bliss. This also is late Çivaism in pantheistic form. In other words, everything said of Vishnu must be repeated for Civa.[26]
As an example of the position of the lowest member of the later trinity and his very subordinate place, may be cited a passage from the preceding book of the epic. According to the story in vi. 65. 42 ff., the seers were all engaged in worshipping Brahms=a), as the highest divinity they knew, when he suddenly began to worship "the Person (Spirit), the highest Lord"; and Brahm[=a) then lauds Vishnu as such: "Thou art the god of the universe, the All-god, V[ra]sudeva (Krishna). Therefore I worship thee as the divinity; thou, whose soul is devotion. Victory to thee, great god of all; thou takest satisfaction in that which benefits the world.... Lord of lords of all, thou out of whose navel springs the lotus, and whose eyes are large; Lord of the things that were, that are, that are to be; O dear one, self-born of the self-born ... O great snake, O boar, [27] O thou the first one, thou who dwellest in all, endless one, known as brahma, everlasting origin of all beings ... destroyer of the worlds! Thy feet are the earth ... heaven is thy head ... I, Brahm[=a], am thy form ... Sun and moon are thy eyes ... Gods and all beings were by me created on earth, but they owe their origin to thy goodness." Then
