________________
14
15
16
17
18
Under the Land Revenue Rules, if the crop was four Annas (25 percent of standard production) or under, the cultivators could claim full suspension of the revenue assessment for the year. According to the official figures the crop was said to be over four Annas. The contention of the cultivators, on the other hand, was that it was less than four Annas.
Champaran
and
Satyagraha,
Kheda
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Champaran_and_Kheda_Satyagraha, accessed on 12 February 2014
Ibid, pp.400-402
Kheda Satyagraha 1918, http://www.gktoday.in/kheda-satyagraha1918, ...The government in Bombay rejected the petition and warned the peasants that non-payment would result in the confiscation of land and property, as well as possible arrest. The farmers did not resist arrest, nor retaliate to the force employed with violence. Instead, they used their cash and valuables to donate to the Gujarat Sabha which was officially organizing the protest. The revolt was astounding in terms of discipline and unity. Even when all their personal property, land and livelihood were seized, a vast majority of Kheda's farmers remained firmly united in support of Patel. Gujaratis sympathetic support to the revolt in other parts resisted the government machinery, and helped to shelter the relatives and property of the protesting peasants. Those Indians who sought to buy the confiscated lands were ostracized from society.
The Khilafat movement (1919-1924) was a pan-Islamic, political protest campaign launched by Muslims in British India to influence the British government and to protect the Ottoman Empire during the aftermath of World War I. The position of Caliph after the Armistice of Mudros of October 1918 with the military occupation of Istanbul and Treaty of Versailles (1919) fell into a disambiguation along with the Ottoman Empire's existence. The movement gained force after the Treaty of Sevres (August 1920) which imposed the partitioning of the Ottoman Empire and gave Greece a powerful position in Anatolia, to the distress of the Turks. The European powers had played a leading role in reducing the might of Turkey in Europe to Eastern Thrace, Constantinople
Pg.110 Gandhi & Jainism.
