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An Epitome of Jainism
(v) Sufferings.
For the sake of non-falling-off from the path of Liberation, and for the shedding of Karmic matter, whatever sufferings are undergone calmly and with religious renunciation are called the Sufferings (Parisaha).
The 22 Sufferings are:
1. Hunger.
2. Thrist.
3. Cold.
4. Heat.
5. Troubles form insect-bites, mosquitoes, etc.
6. Nudity. To bear calmly the troubles of climate, unpopularity etc., due to the vow of absolute possessionlessness, i. e., nakedness. 7. Ennui, dissatisfaction, languor.
8. Women. Resisting temptations from and desire for women.
9. Walking too much; not to feel the fatigue, but to bear it calmly.
10. Continuous sitting in one posture. Not to disturb the posture of meditation, even if there is danger from lion, snake etc.
11. Sleeping, Resting on the hard earth.
12. Abuse.
13. Beating.
14. Begging. To resist the temptation of begging even when there is
great need of protection of body, mind etc.
15. Failure to get alms:
16. Disease.
17. Contact with thorny shrubs, etc.
18. Dirt, Discomfort from dust, etc.
19. Respect or disrespect by admirers or enemies.
20. To resist conceit of knowledge; and to be full of humility.
21. Lack of knowledge. Not to be pained, even though it is felt that one does not know much.
22. Slack belief, e.g., on failure to attain supernatural powers even after great piety and austerities to begin to doubt the truth of Jainism and its teachings.
(vi) Charitras.
The 5 kinds of Right-conduct are:
1. Equanimity.
2. Recovery of equanimity after a fall from it.
3. Pure and absolute non-injury.
4. All but entire freedom from passion.
5. Ideal and passionless conduct (Parihâra-viśuddhi). It is found only in a man of 38 years, who has served the Tirthamkara for 8 years, i.e., from the age of 30 to that of 38. He must have read the Pratyakhyánapûrva.* *Cf. Bk. 5, p. 103
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