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INTRODUCTION.
XV
727, 733. Existence is avigga, ignorance, v. 729; vigga, knowledge, is the extinction of the world, v. 730.
Secondly, he is an Ascetic, a Muni", one that forsakes the world and wanders from the house to the houseless state, v. 273, 375, 1003; because from house-life arises defilement, v. 206. An ascetic has no prejudiced ideas, v. 802; he has shaken off every philosophical view, v. 787; he does not enter into disputes, v. 887; he is not pleased nor displeased with anything, v. 813; he is indifferent to learning, v. 911; he does not cling to good and evil, w. 520, 547, 790; he has cut off all passion and all desire, v. 2, 795, 1130, 916; he is free from marks, v. 847; and possessionless, akiñkana, v. 175, 454, 490, 620, 1058, 1062, 976, 1069, 1114. He is equable, v. 855; under all circumstances the same, v. 952 ; still as the deep water, v. 920; calm, w. 459, 861. He has reached peace, vv. 837, 845, 919; he knows that bliss consists in peace, v. 933; he has gone to immortal peace, the unchangeable state of Nibbâna, V. 203. And how is this state brought about? By the destruction of consciousness, w. 734-735. And how does consciousness cease? By the cessation of sensation, w. 1109–1110; by being without breathing, vv. 1089-10902
1. What then is sin according to Buddha ?
Subjectively sin is desire, in all its various forms, vv. 923, 1103 ; viz. desire for existence generally, w. 776, 1059, 1067, and especially for name and form, i.e. individual existence, vv. 354, 1099. As long as man is led by desire he will be whirled about in existence, v. 740; for as long as there is birth, there will be death, v. 742. Existence is called the stream of death, v. 354 ; the realm of Mâra, vv. 164, 1145. Those who continually go to samsâra with birth and death, are the ignorant, v. 729.
Buddha is sometimes styled the great Isi, vv. 1060, 1082; sometimes a Muni, v. 164, 700; sometimes a Brâhmana, v. 1064; sometimes a Bhikkhu, v. 411, 415; and all these appellations are used synonymously, v. 283, 284, 1064, 1066, 843, 844, 911, 912, 946, 220. Ascetic life is praised throughout the book, especially in the Uraga-, Muni-, Râhula-, Sammâparibbâganiya-, Dhammika-, Nalaka., Purabheda., Tuvataka-, Attadanda-, and Sâriputta-suttas.
* This system ends, it will be seen from this, like other ascetic systems, in mysticism.
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