Agam 05 Ang 05 Study Of Bhagvati Vyakhya Prajnapti Sutra

Author(s): Suzuko Ohira
Publisher: Prakrit Text Society Ahmedabad

Page 132

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Part 2 Pancastikayas-cum-Addhasamaya
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The general characteristics of pancastikayas, i.e., dharma (motion), adharma (stoppage), akasa (space), jiva (soul) and pudgala (matter), are offered in II.10.117 from the five points of view. Dharmastikaya, for instance, is said to be one substance by dravyatah, pervading the lokāka'sa by kşetrataḥ, eternally existing in the three tenses of time by kalataḥ, devoid of material properties by bhavataḥ, and functioning as the passive cause of motion by gunataḥ. The same treatment is given to the rest of the astikayas, the contents of which are all known to the T.S. V. Jivas' nature is explained in this text, and specifically in sutra 119 as upayoga in twelvefold divisions. (Umasvati proposes 'parasparopagrahojivanam' as the function of jivas in T.S. V.21.) The function of each astikaya is stated again in X II.4.480 which refers to 11.10.119. The concept of astikaya is stated in II.10.118 that the sum total of the entire dharmastikaya prade'sas, for instance, is called dharmastikaya but not its separate pradesa or prade'sas, inasmuch as a broken piece of a wheel cannot be called a wheel. 1.10.118 counts that aka'sa has ananta prade'sas but the rest of astikayas have asankhyata prade'sas. It is likewise said in VI.10.357 that lokaka'sa as well as each individual jiva have asankhyata prade'sas.
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Jiva-ajiva with their divisions and subdivisions, which are enumerated in the Prajnapana I (the portion of ajiva here is a later accretion), are located in lokakasa (11.10.120). Aloka is defined as an ajiva-dravya-desa; it is agurulaghu, endowed with ananta agurulaghu gunas, and its size is told as of the entire aka'sa minus 1/ananta (size of loka) (11.10.121). Dharma, adharma, lokaka'sa, jiva and pudgala subsist in the entire loka (11.10.122). The lower world occupies 1/2 and a little more of dharmastikaya, the middle world its 1/asarkhyāta, and the upper world its 1/2 and a little less. The same treatment is also extended to adharmastikaya and lokakasastikaya ( 11.10.123). Each region in the three worlds and each hull occupy 1/asarkhyata of dharmastikaya, while each intermediate space (avaka'santara) occupies its 1/sankhyāta. And the same treatment is again extended to adharmastikaya and lokakasastikaya (11.10.124). This text II.10.124 is accompanied by a mnemonic gatha. XX.2.662 repeats the contents expressed in 11.10.120-24.
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The essential information of pancastikayas in the final form is thus found in a nutshell in 11.10 called 'Astikaya udde'saka'. The Prajnapanā I occupies itself in showing the numerical strength of pancāstikayas from the standpoints of dravya, prade'sa and dravya-prade'sa; but it never bothers to explain their functions as such, which appears in later texts such as the Uttara XXV. This is a queer point to remember. 11.10.117-24 offer the then conclusive accounts of pancastikayas, which were composed in the post-Prajnapana period as we will soon prove. All the rest of the relevant passages above are also to be placed in the same final canonical period.