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CHAPTER
1.
Jainendra siddhanta kosa, v.3, p.453.
Kane: History of Dharmasastra, V-1, pp.475ff.
Kane: ibid., V-1, p.687, n.1081a.
.
4.
Deleu: Viyahapannatti, p.97 (his note to this text).
Frauwallner: History of Indian Philosophy, v.2, pp.16 and 20, etc.
Jacobi attempts to explain the origin of dharma-adharma in rajas-tamas of the Sankhyas in his Studies in Jainism, pp.18 and 84-85. The difficulties in accepting his view are as follows. Firstly, dharma-adharma are explained in the Bhagavati XX.2.663 to mean punya-papa, which are in conflict with the concepts of rajas-tamas. Secondly, the Sankhya prakrti consisting of tri-gunas is equivalent to pudgala for the Jainas, whereas dharma-adharma are the cosmic principles which have no relevancy to the concept of pudgala. Frauwallner already hinted in his History of Indian Philosophy, v.2, p.62 that dharmaadharma of the Jainas evolved under the influence of adrst a. His view was evidently well founded. The following is an attempt to explain how dharmaadharma came to evolve on the basis hinted at by Frauwallner in the light of the Bhagavati passages.
Frauwallner: ibid., v.1, p.143.
Dixit: "The Problem of Ethics and Karma Doctrine as Treated in the Bhagavati Sutra", p.8.
Dixit: "A New Contribution to the Discussion of a Problem of Jaina Monastic Discipline", p.41.
For a comparative study of these concepts, see Caillat: Atonements in the Ancient Ritual of the Jaina Monks, pp.116ff, etc.
11.
For its historical analysis, see Dixit: "A New Contribution to the Discussion of a Problem of Jaina Monastic Discipline", pp.29ff.
12.
Deleu: Viyahapannatti, pp. 112-13.
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