________________
240
APPENDIX I
NOTES
CHAPTER 1
1.
Some scholars ascribe the origin of the theory of atoms to the Ajivikas, particularly to Pakudha's theory of seven kayas. However, the sources supporting it are later works like the Manimekalai (cf. Basham: History and Doctrine of the Ajivikas, pp.262 ff.). According to Dr. T. Kimura, no Buddhist text touched upon the problem of paramanu before the Mahavibhasa which was composed ca. 2nd century A.D. He surmises that the circulation of atomism in the Buddhist circle must have begun before the Mahavibhasa, possibly in the 1st century A.D. (cf. his collected Works, v.5, pp.210ff.) The Bhagavati preserves a more primitive theory of atoms than does the Mahavibhasa (e.g., its 136 and 137. Cf. Encyclopedic Dictionary of Buddhism (Mochizuki Bukkyo Daijiten), by S. Mochizuki, v.2, under "Gokumi (paramaņu)". Sekai Seiten Kankokai, Tokyo, 1973). Such being the case, we may be allowed to place the date of circulation of the atomic theory in the Jaina fold in the 1st century B.C. - Ist century A.D.
Kane seems to place the lower limit of the date of the Surya p. in the 3rd century A.D. in his Hisrory of Dharmasastra, V-1, p.484, and S.S. Lishk places it in 200 A.D. in his “Jaina Jyotisa Vijnana" in Jain Journah XI-1, P.36.
3 & 4. See Ohira: A Study of the Tattvarthasutra with Bhasya, Ch. II, Sec.IV, pt.2,
(1).
All of his works and articles listed in the Bibliography are recommended. Our survey made in this Chapter I is based, to a large extent, on his Early Jainism and Jaina Ontology.
Dixit: "The Problem of Ethics and Karma", p.4.
Datt: Buddhist Monks and Monasteries of India, p.57.
Epigraphia Indica, v.20, pp.71ff. K. V. Ramesh: "Jaina Epigraphs in Tamil", Appendix to A. Chakravarti's Jaina Literature in Tamil, pp.139-41, nos.1-3 (Bharatiya Jnanapit ha Publication, Delhi, 1974). Jaina sila-lekha-sangraha, v.5, p.3, no.1 and p.4, no.2 (Manikcandra Digambara Jaina Granthamala Samiti, Bombay, 1971)
9.
Vinaya 1.233f.;
Dictionary of Pali Proper Names, v.2, p.1165. (Ref. from Anguttara-Nikaya iv.179f.)
10.
In this connection, see also, Sukhlal: Dar'san aur cintan, pt.2, pp.60ff.
Jain Education International
For Private & Personal Use Only
www.jainelibrary.org
