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336
Bhagavati Sutra
three, viz., the south on this side, and both the north and the south on the other side, would be without the sun. The terms uttarärdha and dakşinārdha do not signify that one is above the other, but are the two directions of the globe ; nor does the suffix ardha mean half, but it means 'only'.
2. The sun has in all 184 mandalas of which 65 are in Jambūdvipa and 119 in the Salt Sea. When the sun is wholly in the innermost mandala, then in the north and the south, the day has a maximum span of 18 muhurtas, and in the east and the west, the night has a maximum span of 12 muhurtas, total 30 muhurtas (24 hours). As the sun moves out from the innermost mandala, for each mandala traversed by the sun, the day loses a fraction of its span, as the night gains it. The day loses by 2/61 of a muhurta from the 18 muhurtas, and the process repeats each time as the sun crosses a mandala, till the position is totally reversed when the sun is wholly in the outer-most mandala. The process has been called astāda samuhürtāntara. To be precise, when the sun is wholly in the outer-most mandala, then in the north and the south, the day has a maximum span of 12 muhūrtas and the night has of 18 muhûrtas.
3. The Jaina time division is as follows :
Samaya is the smallest time-unit which is not divisible
any further. Avalikā is an unlimited number of time-units added. Ucchväsa is a limited number of avalikås added. Nih svása is a limited number of avalikās added. Anaprāna is one uccḥvasa plus one niḥ śväsa. Seven änaprānas make one stoka. Seven stokas make one lava. 77 lavas or 3773 śvasocchvāsas make 1 muhurta which · is equal to 48 minutes. 30 muhurtas make one aho-rātra (day-night, or simply
day). 15 aho-rätras make one paksa (fortnight). 2 fortnights make one masa (month). 2 months make one rtu (season).
