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Notes Bk. V
341
(a) take straight from one womb and place it into another ; (b) take out from one womb and place it into another
through the uteras of the latter woman; (c) take out through the uteras of the first woman and
transfer to the womb of the second ; and (d) take out from one womb through the uteras and
place into another womb through the uteras.
Of these four, the third form has been considered to be most convenient and suitable.
In the matter of transferring an embryo from one womb to another, the capacity of the gods has been considered to be most perfect. They can transfer the embryo without causing even the slightest pain (ābādha) or great pain (vibâdhā) to the embryo. The god Harinegameși transferred the embryo of Mahāvira with such dexterity that, despite his being in possession of three types of knowledge, Mahāvīra felt nothing about the actual process of transfer, even though he knew that he would be so transferred and he knew it after the process that he had been transferred.
15. Although the expression non-restrained (no-sanjaya) has a similar meaning as the expression unrestrained (asanjaya), the first expression is not harsh. Hence its use has been recommended. It shows the sense of humour of Mahāvira.
16. The language spoken in Magadha was Māgadhi. With an admixture of Prakệt, it became Ardha-Māgadhi or half-Māgadhi. At that time, six languages spoken were Prakst, Sanskřt, Māgadhi, Paiśāci, Sauraseni and Apavramsa.
17. In a strict sense, direct knowledge obtained by the soul without the aid of organs of senses is pratyakșa pramāna. It covers three types of knowledge, viz., avadhi, manah-paryāya and kevala. In ordinary language, however, pratyakşa knowledge is one derived with the help of organs of senses, including mind. The former is by ni ścaya
