Abhidha

Author(s): Tapasvi Nandi, Jitendra B Shah
Publisher: L D Indology Ahmedabad

Page 16

[7]
pramāṇa is resorted to only when other pramānas do not operate. Here, govyakti in the present illustration of 'gaur-anuvandhyaḥ' is known through implication. So it is no use utilizing a sabda-vrtti here.
Laksana-laksaņā occurs when one's meaning is sacrificed to obtain the other sense, as in "gangāyām ghosah”.
Mukula proceeds to give a four-fold division of upacāra-miśrā laksanā (AVM. 4B-5A). He says :
āropā'dhyavasānäbhyām
śuddha-gaunopacārayoḥ (4B) AVM. pratyekam bhidyamānatvāt
upacāras' caturvidhah.” (5A) AVM. Thus superimposition (āropa) and introsusception (adhvasāna) make for these varieties. Thus in all four-fold upacara-metaphorical imposition is available.
Thus Mukula first begins with upacāra or identification as suddha and gauna. Suddha is that which has no upamāna-upameya-bhāva or similarity at its basis. The guna in form of similarity is absent here. This is illustrated by such examples as 'āyurghỉtam' where kārya-kāraṇabhāva -- is at its base. Gauna upacāra, or identification based on guna such as similarity between upamāna and upameya which results in superimposition of the śabda and artha describing upamāna on that concerning upameya, is illustrated as in "gaur vāhikah".
Now this two-fold upacāra or identification is also two-fold on the basis of adhyāropa or superimposition and adhyavasāna or absorption, i. e. partial and complete identification. Adhyāropa or partial imposition occurs when the difference between the object superimposed and the basic object on which superimposition is done, is not concealed, i. e. the difference between the two is not eroded. Here a lesser object whose identity is not covered up is seen clearly and on this object, another object of superior quality is superimposed. This is called 'adhyāropa'. This is illustrated in both the illustrations i. e. 'āyur ghrtam' and 'gaur-vāhikah cited above. Prior to this