Abhidha

Author(s): Tapasvi Nandi, Jitendra B Shah
Publisher: L D Indology Ahmedabad

Page 24

kalpanaya vibhaktavyabhāge niveśyā, parasparasya deśa-kālāvacchedenā'śeṣa
[15]
vyavahartṛ-nisthatayā rūḍhatvāt.
Mukula observes that in all the four abhihitānvayavāda and the rest, wherever it is primary sense, the functioning of lakṣaṇā is according to Mukula functions when
(i) the primary sense, being contradicted by any other means of knowledge becomes impossible,
(ii) the lakṣārtha being closer to mukhyārtha,
(iii) and also when this acceptance of the secondary sense - 'sāntarārthagrahana' - rests on some 'prayojana' or reason :
--
"ya ca iyam ṣaṭ-prakārā lakṣaṇā pūrvam uktā, sā -
(i) mukhyārthasya pramāṇāntara-bādhitatvena-a-sambhavāt,
(ii) lakṣyamāṇasya ca arthasya mukhyārtham prati āsannatvāt,
(iii) sāntarārtha-grahanasya ca sa-prayojanatvāt iti evamvidha-kāraṇatritayātmaka-sāmagrī-samāśrayeṇa vṛddha-vyavahāre paridṛśyate.
Now, says Mukula, the 'asannatva' or nearness of lakṣyartha with mukhyārtha is five-fold, according to Bhartṛmitra-such as,
"abhidheyena sambandhāt
sādṛśyāt samavāyataḥ
vaiparītyāt kriya-yogāt
alternatives such as the not proper to accept the suggested. This lakṣaṇā,
lakṣaṇā pañcadhā matā” iti. (pp. 50, ibid)
i.e. through (i) relation with the primary meaning, (ii) through similarity (iii) 'samavāya' i. e. intimate relation, (iv) opposition (iv) relation with verbkriyāyoga; lakṣaṇā is said to be five-fold. Thus, says Mukula, the 'prayojana' is also two-fold. One 'prayojana' is such which depends on vṛddhavyavahāra which is beginningless in accepting the meaning that is conveyed and therefore depending on the established custom. This is as good as 'rūdhi' or convention, e. g. in case of words such as 'dvi-refa' etc. This word is having two 'ra'-kāras, as the word 'bhramara', meaning a bee, consists two 'ra'kāras.