Paryushan Ek Aetihasik Samiksha

Author(s): Amarmuni
Publisher: Z_Pragna_se_Dharm_ki_Samiksha_Part_02_003409_HR.pdf
Catalog link: https://jainqq.org/explore/212404/1

Page #1
8 | paryuSaNaH eka aitihAsika samIkSA paramparAe~ sAmAjika hoM yA dhArmika, ekadina janma letI haiM, vikAsa pAtI haiM aura ekadina dezakAlAnusAra mor3a letI haiM, evaM parivartita bhI hotI haiN| kisI bhI paramparA ke lie yaha dAvA nahIM kiyA jA sakatA ki vaha apane mUla rUpa meM jyoM kI tyoM haiN| usameM na kabhI koI parivartana huA aura na kabhI hogaa| dharma paramparAe~ na anAdi haiM, na aparivartita sAmAjika paramparAoM ke aparivartita rUpa kA bhI kama Agraha nahIM hai, phira bhI vicAra jAgRti ke isa yuga meM yaha Agraha kama ho rahA hai, vAstavikatA ko svIkAra karane ke lie janamAnasa kisI na kisI aMza meM taiyAra ho rahA haiN| parantu dhArmika paramparAoM ke saMbaMdha meM sthiti baDI vicitra hai| yahA~ dhArmika mAnyatAoM se pratibaddha mAnasa, kucha bhI parivartana mAnane ke lie, taiyAra nahIM hai| yadi kabhI koI prabaddha vicAraka itihAsa ke vizleSaNa ke AdhAra para sapramANa parivartana kI carcA karatA bhI hai, to samAja meM sahasA eka kSobha phUTa par3atA hai, yA kSobha jagAyA jAtA hai ki 'yaha to dharma kA nAza ho rahA hai|' ye tathAkathita dharmabhIru loga paramparAoM ko anAdi ananta mAna kara calate haiN| aura dharma zraddhA ke nAma para isa anAdi-ananta kI mithyA mAnyatA ko bar3e dhar3alle ke sAtha dhakele jA rahe haiN| itihAsa kucha bhI kahe, satya kucha bhI prakAza meM Ae, purAne dharmagrantha bhI aitihAsika satya kA kitanA hI kyoM na samarthana kareM, parantu ina logoM kA anAdi-ananta sambandhI yaha aMdharAga kabhI banda nahIM hotaa| apitu aura adhika U~ce svara se tAla-betAla gAyA jAne lagatA hai| bhale hI satya kI hatyA ho, itihAsa ko tor3A-maror3A jAe, prAcIna dharmagranthoM ke sarvathA viparIta, sAtha hI upahAsAspada artha kie jAe~, kucha bhI ho, apanA ahaM surakSita rahanA cAhie, janatA meM hama jo kucha kahate haiM, usakI zraddhA banI rahanI caahie| na hama A~kha kholeM, na janatA khole| basa, calane do, jo calatA A rahA hai, aura kahate haiM ki jo calatA A rahA hai, vaha anAdi se calatA A rahA hai| 106 prajJA se dharma kI samIkSA - dvitIya puSpa

Page #2
parantu satya yaha hai ki paramparAe~ anAdi nahIM haiN| ve to banatI haiM, bigar3atI haiM, sa~varatI haiM, aura phira bigar3alI haiN| mor3a letI haiM, bala khAtI haiM, aura ekadina kahIM-se-kahIM pahu~ca jAtI haiN| kucha kA nirdiSTa kAla badala jAtA hai, aura kucha kA to svarUpa hI badala jAtA hai| aura hama haiM isa badale hue svarUpa ko hI sanAtana satya mAna lete haiN| dharma paramparAe~ svayaM dharma nahIM haiM dharmaparamparAe dhArmika rIti-rivAja haiM, amuka apekSA se dharma kI saMdeza-vAhaka haiM, preraka haiM, kintu ve svayaM meM dharma nahIM haiN| dharma anAdi hai, anaMta bhI hai| dharma kA na kabhI janma hotA hai, na kabhI maraNa hotA hai| vaha sadA ekarasa evaM akhaNDasvarUpa rahatA hai| vaha aMdara ke caitanya kA sahaja zuddha bhAva hai, sva-svabhAva hai, ataH vaha paristhitivaza daba sakatA hai, kintu kabhI vinaSTa nahIM ho sktaa| hA~, dhArmika paramparAe~ dezakAlAnusAra janma letI haiM, badalatI bhI haiM; aura kabhI-kabhI anupayogI ho jAne ke kAraNa mara bhI jAtI haiN| spaSTa hai ki paramparAe~ anAdi nahIM haiM, aparivartita bhI nahIM hai| paramparAoM kA zarIra bAhya vidhiniSedhoM kA zarIra hai| aura vaha bAhya vidhiniSedha badalate rahate haiN| samayAnusAra vidhi, niSedha bana jAtA hai aura niSedha, vidhi| paryuSaNa sambandhI merA lekha gata paryuSaNa parva para 'amara bhAratI' meM merA eka lekha prakAzita huA thaa| usameM paryuSaNa parva ke atIta aura vartamAna kI carcA thii| batAyA gayA thA ki paryuSaNa parva prAcIna kAla meM ASAr3ha pUrNimA ko manAyA jAtA thaa| vaha mUla meM varSAvAsa ke rUpa meM thA, sAtha hI vArSika AlocanA bhI thii| yaha utsarga vidhAna thaa| kintu yadi anukUla evaM nirdoSa kSetra tathA nivAsasthAna na mile, to pA~ca-pA~ca dina kI vRddhi ke krama se aMtatogatvA bhAdrapada zuklA paMcamI ko to paryuSaNa kara hI lenA cAhie, bhale hI kisI vRkSa ke nIce bhI kyoM na karanA pdd'e| jaghanya 70 dina kA paryuSaNa arthAt varSAvAsa to honA hI caahie| yaha saba merA manaH kalpita nahIM thA, isake lie maiMne mahAn zrutadhara AcAryoM ke pramANa die the, unake tatkAlIna granthoM ke zabdapATha uddhRta kie the| vaha eka vizuddha aitihAsika carcA thI, aura kucha nhiiN| Aja ke yuga meM isa prakAra kI carcAe~ prAyaH pratyeka saMpradAya meM hotI paryuSaNa : eka aitihAsika samIkSA 107

Page #3
hai, una para vidvAna evaM jijJAsu vicAra karate haiM, vAstavika satya ko samajhane kA taTastha bhAva se, anAgraha buddhi se prayatna karate haiN| yadi kucha aspaSTa rahatA hai, to usa para vicAra carcA bhI calAte haiN| ukta carcA ko prastuta karane kA merA uddezya bhI ekamAtra yahI thA ki niSpakSa vicAra ke prakAza meM paryuSaNa kI vAstavika sthiti kA darzana kiyA jAe, apane ko sAMpradAyika mAnyatAoM ke pakSapAta evaM vyAmoha ke aMdha-Agraha se mukta kiyA jaae| maiM kyA cAhatA hU~ merA yaha abhISTa nahIM hai ki paryuSaNa ke vartamAna kAla ko badalA jAe, usI purAnI sthiti meM pahu~cA jaae| maiM itanA bebhAna nahIM hU~ ki samAja kI sthiti ko nahIM samajha sakatA houuN| Aja vApasa lauTanA eka taraha asaMbhava hI hai| ataH merA uddezya to kevala itanA hI hai ki paryuSaNa parva kI ina vibhinna mAnyatAoM ko lekara Ae dina jo vigraha hote haiM, zAnta jana-mAnasa kSubdha hote haiM, eka dUsare pakSa ko zAstra viruddha evaM virAdhaka kahate haiM, yaha saba betukA AdhArahIna saMgharSa . zAnta ho| saba milakara eka nirNaya kara leM, aura usakA niSThA se pAlana kreN| paramparAe~ anAdi nahIM haiM, ve pahale bhI badalI haiN| aura una badalI huI paramparAoM ko mAnyatA bhI milI hai| Aja bhI kyoM nahIM mAnyatA mila sakatI hai? do sAvana hone para eka pakSa kA Agraha dUsare sAvana meM paryuSaNa karane kA hai, aura isake lie vaha zAstroM kI duhAI detA phiratA hai| dUsarA pakSa bhAdave kA Agraha rakhatA hai aura kahatA hai ki dUsare sAvana meM payurSaNa karanA zAstra viruddha hai, jinAjJAviruddha hai| bhAdave meM hI paryuSaNa karo, anyathA bhagavAn kI AjJA ke viparIta AcaraNa karane ke kAraNa ananta saMsAra paribhramaNa karanA pdd'egaa| yahI vigraha do bhAdavA hone para uTha khar3A hotA hai| kucha kA Agraha pahale kA hai, to kucha kA dUsare kA! ajIba hAlata hai! vicAraka varga ha~satA hai, aura vaha jisa zraddhA ke nAma para yaha saba ho-hallA hotA hai, usase dUra hotA jAtA hai| merA kahanA hai ki yaha pracalita mAnyatAoM kA Agraha yA kadAgraha AdhArahIna hai| prAcIna granthoM ko A~khoM se dekhoM, vAstavikatA kucha aura hI hai| vahA~ tumhArI donoM hI mAnyatAoM kA kahIM atApatA nahIM hai| usa prAcIna satya ko Aja apanA nahIM sakate ho, to kama-se kama Aja ke Agraha to chor3o, jinazAsana ke hita meM eka mata hokara kisI eka sthiti kA nirNaya kara lo aura usa para clo| ghyartha ke vigraha mata khar3e kro| ___108 prajJA se dharma kI samIkSA - dvitIya puSpa

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paryuSaNa anAdi nahIM hai paryaSaNa ke sambandha meM o yaha bAta pracArita kI gaI hai ki yaha anAdi hai, ananta hai, aura sArvatrika hai, satya nahIM hai| paryuSaNa bhI eka paramparA hai, ataH vaha bhI anya paramparAoM kI bhA~ti na anAdi hai, na ananta hai aura na sArvatrika hI hai| jaina kAla gaNanA ke anusAra bharata aura airavata kSetroM meM asarpaNI-utsarpaNI kA bIsa koDAkoDIsAgaraparimita vizAla kAlacakra hai| vartamAna avasarpiNIkAla kA prathama Araka' cAra koDA koDI sAgara kA, dUsarA Araka tIna koDAkoDI sAgara kA, tIsarA Araka do koDAkoDI sAgara kA hai| ukta tInoM ArakoM meM tIsare Araka kA bahuta alpakAlika antima bhAga chor3akara kahIM bhI paryuSaNa kI vyavasthA nahIM hai| bharata tathA airavata kSetra meM isalie nahIM hai ki vahA~ tatkAlIna akarmabhUmi yuga meM dharma paramparA hI nahIM thii| aura mahAvideha kSetra meM isalie nahIM ki vahA~ sarvadA eka jaisI rahanevAlI avasthita kAlavyavasthA hai, jo bhAratIya caturthAraka ke samAna hai, ataH vahA~ paryuSaNa paramparA kabhI pracalita hI nahIM haiM tRtIya Araka ke anta meM bhagavAn RSabhadeva ke yuga meM kucha samaya ke lie paryuSaNa kI vyavasthA huI, parantu bhagavAn RSabhadeva ke pazcAt caturtha Araka meM bhagavAn ajitanAtha se lekara bhagavAn pArzvanAtha taka 22 tIrthaMkaroM ke yuga meM lAkhoM-karor3oM, arabokhoM Adi varSoM taka paryuSaNa kI paramparA hI na rahIM na bhArata meM rahI, na airavata meM, aura mahAvideha meM to kabhI hotI hI nhiiN| ataH yaha sudIrghakAla bhI aisA kAla hai, jabaki samagra bhUmaMDala para kahIM bhI paryuSaNa avasthita nahIM thaa| jaina paramparA meM sAdhvAcAra sambandhI daza kalpa batAe haiM- 1. Acelakya, 2. auddezika, 3. zayyAtara piNDa, 4. rAjapiNDa, 5. kRtikarma, 6. ahiMsAdi cAra yA pA~ca mahAvrata, 7. puruSa jyeSTha dharma, 8. pratikramaNa, 9. mAsakalpa ora 10. paryuSaNa klp| bRhatkalpasUtra bhASya meM isa sambandha meM eka gAthA hai: "Acelakkuddesiya, zijAyara rAyapiNDa kitikmme| vata jeTTa paDikkamaNe, mAsaM pajjosavaNa kappe" // 6364 // ukta daza kalpoM meM zayyAtara piNDa, ahiMsAdi caturyAma vrata, puruSa jyeSTha, kRtikarma- ye cAra avasthita kalpa haiM, jo sabhI 24 tIrthaMkaroM ke zAsana meM hote paryuSaNa : eka aitihAsika samIkSA 109

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haiN| Acelakya Adi zeSa chaha kalpa anavasthita haiN| ye kalpa prathama aura antima tIrthaMkara ke zAsana meM to niyata hote haiM, zeSa madhyakAlIna 22 tIrthaMkaroM ke zAsana meM niyata nahIM hote| mahAvideha kSetra meM bhI nahIM hote| saMkSepa meM pramANa svarUpa kucha uddharaNa isa prakAra haiM "sijjAyarapiMDe ya, cAujjAme ya purisajeTe y| kitikammassa ya karaNe, cattAri avaTiyA kappA 16361 // Acelakkuddesiya, sapaDikkamaNe ya rAyapiMDe y| mAsaM pajjosavaNA, cha'ppeta'NavahitA kappA // 6362 // -bRhatkalpabhASya "chasu aDio u kappo, etto majjhimajiNANa vinnnneo| No sayayasevaNijjo, aNiccamesasarUvo tti / / 7 / / " -paMcA. 17 dvAra evaM mahAvidehe'pi dvAviMzatijinavat sarveSAM jinAnAM klpvyvsthaa| _ -kalpasUtra subodhikA, vyA. 1 uparyukta uddharaNoM se spaSTa hai ki zrI ajitanAtha se lekara zrI pArzvanAtha taka bAIsa tIrthaMkaroM ke zAsana meM paryuSaNa kalpa niyata nahIM haiN| paryuSaNa kA mUla abhiprAya yahA~ varSAvAsa se hai| varSA hotI rahe to eka sthAna para varSAkAla meM, 22 tIrthaMkaroM ke sAdhu-sAdhvI, nivAsa kara sakate haiN| yadi varSA na ho to kabhI bhI vihAra kara sakate haiN| unake yahA~ mahAvIra ke zAsana-jaisI caumAsa karane kI, niyata paramparA nahIM hai| mAsakalpa kI bhI koI vyavasthA nahIM hai| yadi nirdoSa sthiti jAneM, aura anya koI apekSA na ho to dezona pUrva koTi taka bhI eka sthAna para raha sakate haiN| astu, jaba usa yuga meM caumAsa kI hI koI vyavasthA nahIM thI, taba ASAr3ha-pUrNimA kA varSAvAsa sambandhI paryuSaNa yA Ajakala kA pracalita varSAvAsa kAlIna bhAdavAsudi paMcamI kA paryuSaNa, kaise tarka saMgata ho sakatA thA? dUsarA prazna pratikramaNa kA hai| kucha mahAnubhAva paryuSaNa kA sambandha varSAvAsa-sthApanA se na jor3akara mAtra vArSika pratikramaNa se jor3ate haiN| kintu ukta pakSa se bhI 22 tIrthaMkaroM ke zAsana meM paryuSaNa siddha nahIM hotaa| 22 tIrthaMkaroM ke 10 prajJA se dharma kI samIkSA - dvitIya puSpa

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zAsana meM pratikramaNa aniyata hai| dina yA rAtri meM yadi kabhI aticAra-doSa lage, to tatkAla usI doSa kA pratikramaNa kara AcArazuddhi kara lete the| yadi doSa nahIM lagA hoM, to pratikramaNa nahIM karate the, jaisA ki mahAvIra zAsana meM doSa lage yA na lage dina rAtri kI saMdhi meM ubhayakAla avazya pratikramaNa karanA hotA hai| jabaki daivasika, rAtrika, pAkSika, cAturmAsika evaM vArSika ke rUpa meM pratikramaNa kI koI paramparA hI nahIM thI, taba vArSika pratikramaNa rUpa paryuSaNa karane kI bAta svataH khaMDita ho jAtI hai-"mUlaM nAsti kutaH shaakhaa|" paryuSaNa kI anAdikAlIna paraMparA ke lie, aura khAsa taura para varSAvAsa ke eka mahInA bIsa rAtri bItane para bhAdavAsudi paMcamI ke dina kI pratibaddhatA ke lie jaMbUdvIpa prajJapti (2 vakSaskAra) ke usa ullekha kI carcA kI jAtI hai, jo utsarpiNI ke dvivatIya Araka ke prAraMbha se hone vAlI sAta-sAta dina kI varSA se sambandhita hai| maiM samajha nahIM pA rahA hU~ yaha AdhArahIna bAta kaise pracArita kI jAtI hai? jambUdvIpa prajJapti meM-puSkalAvarta, kSIra, ghRta, amRta aura rasa-isa prakAra pA~ca varSAoM kA hI ullekha hai| mUla pATha ke anusAra pA~ca prakAra kI varSAe~ sAta-sAta dina hotI haiM, to isa prakAra varSA ke 35 hI dina hue, 49 to nhiiN| bIca meM sAta-sAta dina ke do ughAr3a yAnI varSA rahita mukta dinoM kI bAta kahI jAtI hai, parantu ina ughAr3oM kA na mUlapATha meM koI ullekha hai, na TIkA meN| vahA~ to kevala pA~ca varSAoM kA hI varNana hai| sAtha hI isa prAkRtika ghaTanA ke sAtha paryuSaNa kA koI sArvakAlika evaM sArvadezika sambandha hai, aisA bhI kucha nahIM hai| sambandha ho bhI kaise sakatA hai? jabaki mahAvideha meM paryuSaNa nahIM, 22 tIrthaMkaroM ke yuga meM paryuSaNa nahIM, akarma bhUmi yuga meM paryuSaNa nahIM, taba kevala prathama aura antima tIrthaMkaroM ke zAsana ke lie hI yaha prAkRtika ghaTanA kisI eka niyama kA sUtrapAta kare, bhalA yaha sAdhAraNa buddhi ke vyakti ko bhI kaise Azvasta kara sakatI hai? carcA lambI ho rahI hai, anyathA aura bhI pramANa upasthita kie jA sakate haiN| buddhimAna pAThaka itane para se hI samajha sakate haiM ki paryuSaNa ke sambandha meM satya sthiti kyA hai? spaSTa hai ki paryuSaNa kI paramparA anAdi niyata nahIM hai| bhagavAn pArzvanAtha ke bAda bhagavAn mahAvIra ne paryuSaNa kI paramparA cAlU kii| kalpasUtra ke anusAra unhoMne svayaM bhI paryuSaNa kiyA, aura vaha phira paramparA ke paryuSaNa : eka aitihAsika samIkSA 111

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rUpa meM uttarottara prasArita evaM pracArita hotA calA gyaa| samavAyAMga (79) aura kalpasUtra (sAmAcArI-prakaraNa) kA vaha pATha hI dhvanita karatA hai paryuSaNa pahale se nahIM calA A rahA thA, balki bhagavAn mahAvIra ne hI cAlU kiyaa| isIlie vaha pATha spaSTa kahatA hai ki "samaNe bhagavaM mahAvIre vAsANaM savIsai rAe mAse vaikkate, sattariehiM rAidiehiM sesehi vAsAvAsa pjjosvei|" vicArazIla adhyetA dekha sakate haiM-yaha itihAsa sUtra hai, vidhi (kalpa) sUtra nhiiN| zramaNa bhagavAn mahAvIra ke sIdhe nAma se Agama sAhitya meM sAdhvAcAra kA koI vidhi sUtra nahIM hai| jitane bhI vidhisUtra haiM, ve saba nirgrantha-nirgranthI, bhikkhu-bhikkhuNI ke nAmollekha ke sAtha AjJA ke rUpa meM prAraMbha hote haiM, tIrthaMkaroM ke nAma se nhiiN| ukta vicAraNA para se pAThaka nirNaya kara sakate haiM paryuSaNa paramparA anAdi nahIM hai| varSa-samApti aura saMvatsarI parva parva kI dRSTi se paryuSaNa prAcInakAla meM varSa ke anta meM hotA thaa| isIlie use saMvatsarI parva kahate haiM, jo Aja bhI jana sAdhAraNa kI bhASA meM saMvaccharI kahA jAtA hai| saMvatsarI kA artha vArSika parva hai, ataeva jahA~ pratikramaNa ke pATha meM dina samApti para 'divasovaikUto', rAta bItane para, 'rAI vaikkaMtA', pakSa pUrNa hone para, 'pakkho vaiMkkato' cAra mahIne samApta hone para 'caummAsI vaikkaMtA' kahA jAtA hai usI prakAra saMvacchara-saMvatsara arthAt varSa pUrA hone para 'saMvaccharo vaikkato' bolA jAtA hai| maiM pUchatA hU~, jaina paramparA ke anusAra varSa kaba pUrA hotA hai? kyA sAvana meM hotA hai? kyA bhAdavA meM hotA hai? nahIM, bilkula nhiiN| jaina paramparA ke anusAra varSa pUrA hotA ASAr3ha meM, ASAr3ha pUrNimA ke din| nayA varSa sAvana mahIne se zurU hotA hai, sAvana badI ekama se| bhAdavA meM yA bhAdavA badI chaTha se koI varSa zurU nahIM hotaa| na candra varSa, na sUrya varSa aura na koI anya varSa hii| bhagavatI sUtra (za. 16, u. 2) meM spaSTa pATha hai "tatthaNaM jete kAlamAsA teNaM sAvaNAdIyA AsAr3hapajjavasANA duvAlasa pa. ta. sAvaNe, bhaddavae, Asoe, kattie, maggasire, pose, mAhe, phAguNe, cette, vaisAhe, jeTThAmUle, asaaddh'e|" Apa dekha sakate haiM, yaha pATha kyA kahatA hai? varSa bhara kI jIvanacaryA 12 prajJA se dharma kI samIkSA - dvitIya puSpa

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kI AlocanA karanI ho, pratikramaNa karanA ho, to vaha varSa kI samApti para karanA cAhie, jaisA ki dina, rAtri evaM pakSa Adi kI samApti para tattat pratikramaNa kie jAte haiN| isa dRSTi se paryuSaNa parva kA ASAr3ha pUrNimA ko honA zAstrasiddha hai| nizIthabhASya (gAthA, 3138-39) meM paryuSaNa ke 'pariyAya-vatthavaNA, pajjosavaNA, parivasaNA, panjusaNA, paDhamasamosaraNa' Adi ATha paryAyavAcI nAma die haiM, unameM 'paDhamasamosaraNa' kI vyAkhyA karate hue mahAn zrutadhara evaM suprasiddha cUrNikAra AcArya jinadAsa ne spaSTa likhA hai ki 'do samosaraNaM-egaM vAsAsu, vitiyaM uDubaddhe, jato pajjosavaNAto varisaM ADhappati, ato paDhamaM samosaraNaM bhaNNati' arthAt payurSaNa se varSa (varSA) zurU hotA hai, ataH use 'paDhama samosaraNa' prathama samavasaraNa kahate haiN| Age calakara isI prasaMga meM phira likhA hai-'kAleNaM AsADhapuNNimAkAleNaM tthaayti|' kAla kI dRSTi se ASAr3ha pUrNimA ke kAla meM paryuSaNa sthApita hotA hai| AcArya saMghadAsa gaNI ne bRhatkalpa bhASya meM, AcArya kSemakIrti ne bhASya-TIkA meM bhI yahI likhA hai-"AsAr3hI puNNimosaraNaM' bhASya gAthA 4284 / 'ASAr3hapUrNimAyAM samavasaraNaM' paryuSaNaM bhavati eSa utsrgH| paryuSaNa para kezaloca kI paramparA hai, jo Aja bhI pracalita paryuSaNa kAla meM cAlU hai| isakA Azaya yaha hai ki paryuSaNa parva kI kriyAoM meM kezaloca bhI eka kriyA hai| aba yaha dekhanA hai ki kezaloca kaba hotA thA? nizItha sUtra aura usake bhASya meM paryuSaNa sambandhI samagra prakaraNa ko dekha jAie, spaSTa ho jAegA ki yadi koI kAraNa vizeSa na ho to ASAr3hI pUrNimA ke paryuSaNa para loca karanA zAstra sammata hai| keza loca apkAya Adi kI virAdhanA se bacane ke lie hai, ata: vaha varSA prArambha hote hI karanA hai, aura varSAkAla meM phira pratidina karate rahanA caahie| ataeva uttarakAlIna TIkAkAra zrI vinayavijaya jI ne, kalpasUtra ke kezaloca sambandhI samAcArI sUtra kI vyAkhyA karate hue spaSTa zabdoM meM likhA hai-"pajjosavaNAo paraM-paryuSaNAtaH paraM-ASAr3ha caturmAsakAdanantaraM golomapramANA api kezA na sthApanIyAH AstAM diirghaaH|" paryuSaNa para tapa kI paramparA hai| yadi paryuSaNa para upavAsAdi tapa na kare, to nizItha sUtra mUla (10-45) aura bhASya prAyazcitta kA vidhAna karate haiN| yaha paryuSaNa : eka aitihAsika samIkSA 113

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tapa bhI gata varSa ke antameM evaM navavarSa ke prArambha meM ASAr3hI pUrNimA ko hI kiyA jAtA thaa| 'varisaMte uvavAso kAyavvo, (gAthA 3208)-nizItha cuurnni| varisAkAlassa AdIe maMgalaM kataM bhavati, saDDhANa ya dhammakahA kaayvvaa| pajjosavaNAe jai aTTamaM na karei to cauguru.... nizItha cUrNi, bhASya gAthA, 3216-17 / paryuSaNa para vArSika AlocanA evaM kSamApanA kA vidhAna hai| vaha bhI varSa ke anta meM hI karaNIya hai| isI prasaMga meM jinadAsa mahattara ne kahA hai-"pajjosavaNAsu varisiyA AloyaNA daayvvaa| varisAkAlassa AdIe'-nizItha cUrNi, bhASya gAthA, 3216 'uDDabaddhe vAsAsu ya duccariyaM taM vAsAsu khippaM AloevvaM' ____ -nizItha cUrNi, gAthA, 3179 / 'variseNa puDhavirAtI' - nizItha bhASya, 3189 'jo divasa-pakkha-cAumAsiesu aNuvasaMto saMvaccharie uvasamati so puDhavirAisamANo' -nizItha cUrNi, gAthA, 3189 paryuSaNa para kalpasUtra ke paThana kI paraMparA hai, jo Aja bhI paryuSaNa ke samaya pracalita hai| prazna hai, prAcIna kAla meM kalpasUtra kaba par3hA jAtA thA? kalpasUtra meM sAdhu- sAdhvI ke lie varSAkAla-sambandhI gamanAgamana Adi viziSTa sAmAcArI-niyamoM kA ullekha hai, ataH use paryuSaNA kalpasUtra kahate haiM, jo use bRhatkalpa Adi kalpasUtroM se pRthak karatA hai| paryuSaNa para kalpasUtra ke pATha kA spaSTa Azaya hai ki varSA ke AraMbha meM hI saMgha ko varSAkAlIna vidhiniSedhoM kA paribodha ho jAnA cAhie, smRti ho jAnI cAhie, tAki prasaMgAnusAra niyamoM kA zuddha rIti se pAlana ho ske| vartamAna meM paryuSaNa bhAdavA sudI paMcamI ko hotA hai, jabaki varSA samApta hone ko hotI hai aura taba varSA sambandhI vidhiniSedhoM ke zravaNa evaM paThana kA kyA artha raha jAtA hai? yaha to 'muNDanAnantaraM nakSatrapRcchanaM' arthAt sira muMDAne ke bAda muhUrta pUchane jaisI bAta haiM ataH prAcIna graMthoM kI sAkSI hai ki paryuSaNA kalpa varSAvAsa ke AraMbha meM ASAr3hI pUrNimA ke samaya hI par3hA jAtA thA, phalataH usI samaya paryuSaNa hotA thaa| isa saMbaMdha meM nizItha bhASya hai"AsAr3hI puNNimosavaNA", 3153 / isI bhASya para cUrNi pATha hai- "tattha u 14 prajJA se dharma kI samIkSA - dvitIya puSpa

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AsAr3he puNNimAe ThiyA DagalAdIyaM gehaMti pajjosavaNAkappaM ca kheNti|" bRhatkalpa bhASya meM bhI aisA hI pATha hai- 'AsAr3hI puNNimosaraNaM', 4284 / kSemakIrti ukta bhASya kI apanI TIkA meM ASAr3ha mAsa kI samApti para kalpasUtra ke paThana kA evaM paryuSaNa kA spaSTa ullekha karate hai-"ASAr3ha zuddha dazamyAmeva varSAkSetre sthitAstatasteSAM paMcarAtreNa DagalAdau gRhIte paryuSaNAkalpe ca kathite ASAr3hapUrNimAyAM 'samavasaraNaM' paryuSaNaM bhvti|" ___ "ASAr3ha pUrNimAyAM sthitAH paMcAha yAvad divA saMstAraka DagalAdi gRhNanti rAtrau ca paryuSaNAkalpaM (kalpasUtra) kthyNti|" kalpasUtra paryuSaNA kalpasUtra hai, vaha varSAkAla se sambandhita sthavira kalpa kA nirUpaNa karatA hai, ataH kalpasUtra kA pATha, bRhatkalpa bhASyaM evaM nizItha cUrNi Adi ke anusAra varSAvAsa zurU hone para hI karanA cAhie, yaha svayaM kalpasUtra ke upasaMhAra sUtra se bhI pramANita hotA hai "icceiyaM saMvacchariyaM therakappaM..." ityevaM pUrvoktaM sAMvatsarikaM-varSArAtrikaM sthvirklpm|" -kalpasUtra kalpalatA, vyA. 9 taM pUrvopadarzitaM sAMvatsarikaM = varSArAtrikam / " -kalpasUtra subodhikA, vyA. 9 Aja kA paryuSaNakAla, kabhI apavAda thA vidhiniSedhoM kI kriyAkANDa sambandhI paramparAe~ dezakAlAnusAra parivartita hotI rahatI haiN| yahA~ taka parivartita hotI rahatI haiM ki vidhAna ke sthAna meM niSedha , aura niSedha ke sthAna meM vidhAna cAlU ho jAtA hai| utsarga, jo eka sAmAnya rUpa se hamezA kiyA jAne vAlA AcAra hai, vaha apavAda ho jAtA hai, aura apavAda, jo eka vizeSa paristhiti meM kabhI-kabhAra kiyA jAne vAlA AcAra hai, vaha utsarga kA, sAmAnya pakSa kA rUpa le letA hai| paryuSaNa ke kAlasaMbaMdhI vidhAna kI bhI yahI sthiti huI hai| prAcInakAla meM ASAr3ha pUrNimA ko paryuSaNa hotA thA, vaha utsarga thA, eka sAmAnya vidhAna thaa| saMyamI bhikSu ko varSAvAsa ke AraMbha meM hI yadi varSAvAsa kI sthiti ke yogya anukUla kSetra mila jAtA hai, varSA hone para sAdhU ke nimitta use vyavasthita evaM paryuSaNa : eka aitihAsika samIkSA 115

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ThIka-ThAka karane ke lie AraMbha-samAraMbha hone jaisA kucha bhI prapaMca na ho, to sAdhU ASAr3ha pUrNimA ko hI paryuSaNa kara le| yadi aisA anukUla kSetra yA makAna na mile, to phira AsapAsa yogya kSetra evaM makAna talAza karatA rahe, aura jaba bhI anukUla mila jAe, taba paryuSaNa kara le| paryuSaNa karate samaya parva dina kA dhyAna avazya rkhe| sAvana badI ekama se pA~ca-pA~ca dina ke krama se parva dina hotA hai, ataH pA~ca-pA~ca dina kI vRddhi ke krama se antima eka mahInA bIsa rAtri vyatIta hone para bhAdrapada zuklA paMcamI ko to paryuSaNa avazya kara hI lenA caahie| makAna na mile, taba bhI kyA, vRkSa ke nIce hI rahakara paryuSaNa arthAt varSAvAsa ke zeSa jaghanya 70 dina bitaae| ukta kathana para se spaSTa hai ki eka mahInA bIsa rAtri vAlA ullekha kAraNika hai, vizeSa paristhiti mUlaka hai, ataH apavAda hai| isa saMbaMdha meM amara bhAratI ke gata paryuSaNa vizeSAMka meM vistAra ke sAtha pramANa upasthita kara cukA huuN| saMkSepa meM punaH smRti ke lie kucha pramANa isa prakAra hai"ettha u paNagaM paNagaM kAraNiyaM jAva sbiistiimaaso|" -nizItha bhASya, 3152 "tato sAvaNa bahula paMcamIe pajjosaveti, khettAbhAve kAraNe paNage saMvuDDhe dasamIe panjosaveMti, evaM pnnnnrsiie| paNagabuDDhIe tAva kanjati jAva savIsatimAso puNNA, so ya savIsatimAso ca bhaddavayasuddhapaMcamIe pujjti|" -nizItha cUrNi, 3152 "ASAr3ha puNNimAe pajjosaveMti, esa ussggo| sesakAlaM pajjosaveMtANa avvaato| avavAte vi savIsatirAtamAsAto pareNa atikkameuM Na vttttti| savIsatirAte mAse puNNe jati vAsakhettaM Na labbhati to rukkhaheTThA vi pjjosveyvvN|" __-nizItha cUrNi, 3153 "evaM kAraNikaM rAtridivAnAM paMJcakaM paMJcakaM vardhayatA tAvad neyaM yAvat saviMzatirAtro mAsaH puurnnH| ASAr3hapUrNimAyAM 'samavasaraNaM' paryuSaNaM bhavati eSa utsrgH| zeSakAlaM paryuSaNa manutiSThatAM srvo'pypvaadH| apavAde'pi saviMzatarAvAd mAsAt parato nAtikramayituM klpte| yadya tAvatyapi gate varSAkSetraM na labhyate tato vRkSamUle'pi pryussnnyitvym|" -bRhatkalpa bhASya TIkA, 8284 ___116 prajJA se dharma kI samIkSA - dvitIya puSpa

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"iya sattarI jahaNNA , asitI NauI dasuttarasayaM c|" -bRhatkalpa bhASya, 4285 "ye kila ASAr3hapUrNimAyAH saviMzatirAtre mAse gate paryuSaNayanti teSAM saptatidivasAni jaghanyo varSAvAsAvagraho bhvti| bhAdrapadazuklapaMJcamyA anantaraM kArtikapUrNimAyAM saptatidinasadbhAvAt... bhAdrapadAmAvAsyAM paryuSaNe kriyamANe paMcasaptatirdivasAH, bhAdrapadabahulapaJcamyAM paJcAsItiH zrAvaNazuddhadazamyAM paJcanavatiH, zrAvaNAmAvAsyAM paJcottaraM zatam zrAvaNabahulapaJcamyAM paJca dazottaraM shtm| ASADhapUrNimAyAM tu paryuSite viMzatyuttaraM divs-shtm|" -bRhatkalpa, bhASya TIkA, 4285 iyaNiM paMcagaparihANimadhikRtya kAlAvagrahocyateiya sattarI jahaNNA asitI, nautI dasuttarasayaM c| jati vAsati maggasire, dasarAyaM tinni ukkosaa| cauNhaM mAsANaM vIsuttaraM divasasataM bhvti| savIsatimAso paNNAsaM divasA te vIsuttarasayamajjhAo sohiyA, sesA sttrii| je ASAr3hacAummAsiyAto savosatimAse gate pajjosaveMti, tesiM sattarI divasA jahaNNo vAsakAloggaho bhavati...." -nizItha bhASya, cUrNi, 3154 kalpasUtra meM jo bhagavAn mahAvIra ke nAma se 'samaNe bhagavaM mahAvIre... ke rUpa meM eka mahInA bIsa rAtri vAlA pATha Le, vaha kalpasUtrakAra ke svayaM ke zabdoM meM kAraNika hai, ataH apavAda hai, utsarga nhiiN| ukta pATha ke anaMtara ziSya ke dvArA prazna upasthita kiyA gayA hai ki zramaNa bhagavAn mahAvIra ne eka mahInA 20 rAtri bItane para paryuSaNa varSAvAsa kiyA, yaha kisa hetu se kahA jAtA hai-se keNa?NaM bhaMte evaM vuccaI-samaNe bhagavaM mahAvIre vAsANaM...?' ukta zaMkA ke uttara meM kalpa sUtrakAra 'jao' zabda kA, jisakA artha saMskRta meM 'yataH, aura hindI meM 'kyoMki' hotA hai, prayoga karate hue kahate haiM ki "jao NaM pAeNaM agArINaM agArAI kaDiyAI, kaMpiyAI, channAiM, littAI, ghaTTAI, maTThAI, saMpadhUmiyAI, khAodagAI, khAyaniddhamaNAI, appaNo aTTAe pariNAmiyAiM bhavaMti se teNDeNaM evaM vuccaI-samaNe bhagavaM mahAvIre vAsANaM savIsairAe mAse viikUte vAsAvAsaM pjjosvei|" paryuSaNa : eka aitihAsika samIkSA 117

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ukta pATha kA saMkSepa meM bhAvArtha yaha hai ki cU~ki isa samaya taka gRhastha svayaM apane lie prAyaH apane makAnoM ko chata ke rUpa meM AcchAdita kara lete haiM, lIpa lete haiM, jala nikAlane ke lie morI Adi ThIka kara lete haiM, ityAdi vyavasthA ho jAne para sAdhu ko nirdoSa makAna mila jAtA hai| aise vyavasthita makAna meM sAdha ke nimitta se phira AraMbha Adi kucha nahIM karanA par3atA, ataH vahA~ paryuSaNa ho sakatA hai| isakA artha hai ki yadi prAraMbha meM hI makAna evaM kSetra ThIka mila jAe, to ASAr3hI pUrNimA Adi ke dina kabhI bhI pA~ca-pA~ca dina ke krama se paryuSaNa kara sakatA hai| isIlie ukta prasaMga meM hI Age kahA hai ki 'aMtarA vi ya se kappai, no se kappai taM rayaNiM uvAiNAvittae / ' arthAt ASAr3ha pUrNimA se lekara bhAdavA sudI paMcamI taka bIca ke parva dinoM meM bhI kabhI paryuSaNa kara sakate haiM, kintu bhAdrapada zuklA paMcamI kI rAtri ko lAMgha kara Age nahIM kara skte| Aja to prAyaH sarvatra pahale se hI vyavasthita bhavana mila jAte haiM, ataH akAraNa 50 dina taka Age bar3hanA kyA artha rakhatA hai? aba to ASAr3ha pUrNimA ko varSAvAsa - paryuSaNa kara lete haiM, gRhastha janoM ko bhI pahale se hI cAturmAsa karane kI bAta mAlUma ho jAtI hai, phira 50 dina bAda sirpha eka vArSika pratikramaNa ke lie, jo ki siddhAMtAnusAra varSa kI samApti para ASAr3ha pUrNimA ko hI kara lenA cAhie, punaH paryuSaNa karanA, kitanA nyAyocita hai, kabhI socA hai isa saMbaMdha meM kucha ? pracalita mAnyatA ke pakSa meM vyartha hI AdhArahIna asat kalpanAe~ saMyamI jIvana ke lie kitanI vighAtaka haiM, nirmala mana se kucha vicAranA to cAhie / asatya asatya hai, phira bhale hI vaha sAMsArika kAryakSetra meM bolA jAe, yA tathAkathita zraddhA ke nAma para dharma ke kSetra meM bolA jaae| yadi gaharAI se vicAra kiyA jAe, to sAMsArika kSetra kI apekSA dharma ke kSetra meM asatya kA prayoga karanA, adhika bhayAvaha hai, adhika pApavarddhaka hai| prAcIna AcArya hI nahIM, arvAcIna AcArya, upAdhyAya evaM anya vidvAna muni bhI, paryuSaNa ke saMbaMdha meM yahI saba kucha kahate tathA likhate A rahe haiM, yadyapi unakI apanI sAMpradAyika mAnyatAe~ pUrva pakSa se kAphI badalI huI haiM / upAdhyAya samayasuMdara ne kalpasUtra kI apanI kalpalatA vyAkhyA meM bhAdrapada zuklA paMcamI ko paryuSaNa karane kI bAta, varSAnukUla kSetra ke abhAva meM hI svIkAra kI hai| unhoMne jaghanya 70 dina kA caumAsa mAnA hai| isa 70 dina ke caumAsa meM bhI aziva, roga, rAjA kI duSTatA, bhikSA kA abhAva Adi kAraNoM se anyatra vihAra karane kA ullekha kiyA hai: 118 prajJA se dharma kI samIkSA - dvitIya puSpa

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"zrI AdinAtha mahAvIra sAdhUnAM varSAyA abhAve'pi kSetra sadbhAve utkRSTataH caturmAsikasthitirUpaH paryuSaNAkalpaH proktH| kSetrasya abhAve tu bhAdrapada sudi paMcamI yAvat kSetra gaveSaNA kAryA, bhAdrapada sudipaMcamItaH Arabhya saptati (70) dinasthitirUpo'vazyaM kartavya ev| tatrA'pyayaM vizeSo, yathA-kadAcit azivamutpadyate, bhikSA vA na labhyate, rAjA vA duSTo bhavati, glAnatvaM ca jAyate tadA saptatidinebhya arvAgapi anyatra gamane kAraNatvAnna dossH| AcArya kAlaka kA itihAsa bhI ukta prAcIna pakSa kA hI samarthana karatA hai| kAlakAcArya ujjayinI meM varSAvAsa kara rahe the, parantu vahA~ tatkAlIna rAjA ke virodha ke kAraNa ujjayinI se pratiSThAna pura ko varSAvAsa karane ke lie vihAra kara diyA aura pratiSThApura ke zramaNa saMgha ko sUcanA dilA dI ki jabataka maiM AU~ tabataka Apa paryuSaNa na kareM-"patidvAnasamaNasaMghassa ya ajjakAlakehiM saMdiTuM jAvAhaM AgacchAmi tAva tujhehiM No pajjosiyavvaM" -nizItha cUrNi, dshmoddeshk| ukta pATha meM AcArya ne pratiSThAnapura ke sAdhu saMgha ko jo yaha sUcanA dI ki maiM jabataka AU~ tabataka paryuSaNa na kareM, isakA kyA artha hai? jaba paryuSaNa Aja ke anusAra ekAntarUpa se bhAdavA sudi paMcamI ko hI hotA thA, pahale nahIM, to unake dvArA 'pahale na karanA' yaha kyA sUcita karatA hai? yahI to sUcita karatA hai ki paryuSaNa kSetrIya paristhiti ke anusAra bhAdavA sudi paMcamI se pahale, bahuta pahale bhI hotA thaa| ASAr3ha pUrNimA se lekara 50 dina taka kabhI bhI parva ke dina ho sakatA thaa| paryuSaNa kA zabdArtha paryuSaNa kA mUla zabdArtha rahanA hai, sthita honA hai| 'vasa' dhAtu nivAsa artha meM hai| ataH zabdArtha kI dRSTi se bhI 'varSAkAla meM sAdhU kA ekatra nivAsa' hI paryuSaNa kA maulika artha pratiphalita hotA hai| AcArya abhayadeva ne samavAyAMga (70) meM 'pajjosavei' kA saMskRtArtha 'parivasati' kiyA hai| pUjya zrI ghAsIlAlajI ne bhI apanI samavAyAMgaTIkA meM 'pajjosavei' kA artha parivasati' hI kiyA hai| 'parivasati' kA artha nivAsa karanA hai, rahanA hai, yaha sAdhAraNa dazavIM kakSA kA saMskRtapAThI bAlaka bhI batA sakatA hai| paryuSaNa : eka aitihAsika samIkSA 119

Page #15
kalpasUtra ke TIkAkAra zrI vinayavijayajI aura zrI samayasundara jI ne bhI yahI artha kiyA hai: "uS nivAse' iti Agamiko dhAtuH 'vas nivAse' gaNasaMbaMdhiko vaa|" ___-kalpalatA, vyAkhyAna 9 "pajjosaNAkappeti' pari-sAmastyena uSaNA-vasanaM pryussnnaa|" -subodhikA, vyAkhyAna 9 "vAsAvAsa pajjosaviyANaM'-varSAkAle pryussitaanaaN-sthitaanaam|" ___ -kalpalatA, vyA. 9 "varSAvAsa caturmAsaka pryussitaanaaN-sthitaanaam|" -subodhikA, vyAkhyAna 9 kyA paryuSaNa do haiM, do kAla meM haiM? paryuSaNa saMbaMdhI mere vicAroM kI carcA, binA mere nAmollekha ke jinavANI (mArca-apraila 70) meM huI hai| usameM mere varSAvAsa rUpa paryuSaNa ke apavAda pakSa ko to svIkAra kiyA hai, bhale hI vaha aspaSTa zabdAvalI meM ho, paraMtu vartamAna sAMpradAyika mAnyatA kA Agraha nahIM TUTa pAyA hai, ataH paryuSaNa ke do rUpa upasthita kie haiM, eka, varSAkAla meM ekatra rahanA, aura dUsarA, vArSika parva (saMvatsarI) aura upasaMhAra meM likhA hai-"inameM vArSika parva rUpa paryuSaNa bhAdrapada zuklA paMcamI ko hotA hai, aadi| prathama artha meM varSAvAsa liyA gayA hai, jisakA jaghanyakAla 70 rAtri hai aura utkRSTa kAla 4 mAsa mAnA gayA hai|" apane ukta mata ke pakSa meM kalpasUtra kI subodhA yA subodhikA-vyAkhyA meM se eka aMza uddhRta kiyA hai-"tatra paryuSaNAzabdena sAmatsyena vasanaM vArSika parva haya api kthyte| tatra vArSika parva bhAdrapada sita pnycmyaam|" yaha ullekha zrI vinayavijayajI kA hai, jo bahuta uttarakAlIna 17vIM zatI ke suprasiddha muni haiN| yaha yuga sAMpradAyika Agraha kA yuga thaa| yahI kAraNa hai ki unhoMne apane samaya meM pracalita adhika zrAvaNa-bhAdrapada mAsa ke dvaMdva kA bhI khUba khulakara khaMDana kiyA hai| do sAvaNa hone para dUsare zrAvaNa meM saMvatsarI karane vAloM kI pratAr3anA kara ke bhAdavA meM hI saMvatsarI karane ke apane pakSa kA bar3e hI ghaTATopa se maMDana kiyA hai|10 maiM samajhatA hU~, yaha vicAra to jinavANI ko ___ 120 prajJA se dharma kI samIkSA - dvitIya puSpa

Page #16
mAnya nahIM hogA, kyoMki usake apane abhimata pakSa se viparIta jo hai| astu jaise ki yaha adhika zrAvaNa-bhAdrapada kA mata zrI vinayavijayajI kI apanI saMpradAya kI mAnyatA se prabhAvita hai, usI prakAra varSAvAsa aura vArSika parva ke rUpa meM do paryuSaNa aura unake paraspara vibhinna kAla bhI tatkAlIna saMpradAyoM kI rUr3ha mAnyatAoM se hI prabhAvita evaM prerita haiN| kyoMki nizItha bhASya, nizItha cUrNi, bRhatkalpa bhASya, bRhatkalpa bhASya TIkA, samavAyAMga sUtra kI abhayadeva sUri kRta TIkA-ityAdi adyAvadhi adhyayana meM Ae prAcIna graMthoM meM, jinameM ki paryuSaNa saMbaMdhI vistRta evaM maulika carcA hai, kahIM bhI isa prakAra paryaSaNa ke do bheda aura unake do vibhinna kAla dekhane meM nahIM Ae haiN| yadi aisA kucha hotA to ve mahAn zrutadhara AcArya avazya ullekha krte| ataH unake samakSa zrI vinaya vijayajI kI mAnyatA ko nahIM diyA jA sktaa| prAcIna AcAryoM ne, jinake aneka uddharaNa maiM pIche de AyA hU~, varSAvAsa ke sAtha hI vArSika AlocanA evaM kSamApanA kA jikra kiyA hai| paryuSaNa eka hI hai varSAvAsa ruup| usake sAtha AlocanA, kSamApanA, kalpasUtra vAcana, tapa aura kezaloca Adi kucha kriyAe~ haiM, jo paryuSaNa ke aMga svarUpa haiM, sAdhusaMgha ke lie karaNIya haiN| aura ukta saba kriyAe~ pUrvanirdiSTa uddharaNoM ke anusAra, prAcIna AcAryoM ne varSAvAsa rUpa paryuSaNa ke sAtha hI karanI batAI haiM, unake lie bhinna kAla kA koI ullekha nahIM hai| zrI vinaya vijayajI kI vArSika parva vAlI bAta to taba prAmANika mAnI jAtI, jaba ki ASADha pUrNimA ko varSAvAsa baiThatA, aura usa samaya varSa pUrA nahIM hotA, bhAdavA meM hotA, phalataH ASAr3ha pUrNimA ko varSAvAsa-caumAsa baiThAkara, vArSika AlocanA ke lie sudIrgha bhAdavA kA mahInA pakar3A jaataa| jaina paraMparA ke anusAra varSa ASAr3ha meM pUrNa hotA hai| yaha hama bhagavatI sUtra kA uddharaNa dekara pIche siddha kara Ae haiN| ataH siddha hai ki vArSika parvarUpa paryuSaNa bhI ASAr3ha pUrNimA ko hI hotA thaa| zrI vinaya vijayajI svayaM bhI eka taraha se, paryuSaNa ASAr3ha pUrNimA ko hI mAnate haiN| vArSika kezaloca bhI puryaSaNa kriyAkANDa kA eka mahattvapUrNa aMga hai, jisakA pAlana Aja bhI vartamAna paryuSaNa ke sAtha kiyA jAtA hai| kalpasUtra kI apanI TIkA meM vinaya vijayajI ne ukta kezaloca kA kAla varSAvAsa se pUrva paryuSaNa : eka aitihAsika samIkSA 121

Page #17
ASAr3ha cAturmAsI hI mAnA hai, jaisA ki hama pIche vaha uddharaNa de Ae haiM-paryuSaNAtaH paraM-ASAr3hacaturmAsakAdanantaraM golomapramANA api kezA na sthaapniiyaa:....|" kSetrAdi ke abhAva meM paryuSaNa ke lie pA~ca-pA~ca dina kI abhivRddhi karate hue aMta meM bhAdrapada zuklA paMcamI ko ApavAdika paryuSaNa kI prAcIna paraMparA kA ullekha zrI vinaya vijayajI ne subodhikA meM kiyA hai aura likhA hai ki vaha vidhi saMgha kI AjJA se samApta kara dI gii| samApta bhale hI kara dI gaI ho, aura aba vaha samApta hI hai| paraMtu isase itanA to patA calatA hai ki prAcIna kAla meM yaha paraMparA thii| ukta carcA para se vaha niSkarSa phalita hotA hai ki paryuSaNa eka hI thA, ASAr3ha pUrNimA kA, usI ke sAtha vArSika AlocanA bhI hotI thI, alaga nhiiN| ataH vinaya vijayajI kA vArSika parva kA, varSAvAsa paryuSaNa se bhinnatA ke rUpa meM ullekha, tatkAlIna pracalita mAnyatA se prabhAvita hai, saiddhAMtika evaM aitihAsika nhiiN| samavAyAMga sUtra kA pATha : jisakI bar3I carcA hai samavAyAMga sUtra ke 70 veM samavAya kA paryuSaNa saMbaMdhI pATha kAphI samaya se carcA kA kendra hai, do sAvaNa yA do bhAdavA hone para dUsare sAvaNa meM evaM pahale bhAdavA meM saMvatsarI parva manAne vAloM ke dvArA ukta pATha ko jaba taba Age lAyA jAtA hai, phalataH eka mahInA bIsa rAtri arthAt pacAsa dina kA, hAlAMki mUla meM 50 dina kA zabdazaH ullekha nahIM hai, kAphI hallA rahatA hai| aura kabhI-kabhI to isI para ArAdhaka aura virAdhaka kA phaisalA bhI sunAyA jAne lagatA hai| yaha pATha 70 veM samavAya meM hai, 50 veM samavAya meM nhiiN| isakA spaSTa bhAva hai ki sUtrakAra Age ke 70 dina ko paryuSaNa ke lie mahattvapUrNa mAnate haiM, aura yaha jaghanya 70 dina ke varSAvAsa arthAt cAturmAsa kI ora hI saMketa hai| isa para se sApha hai ki yaha pATha varSAvAsa rUpa paryuSaNa kA hI hai, varSAvAsa se bhinna tathAkathita vArSika parva kA nhiiN| samavAyAMga sUtra ke TIkAkAra suprasiddha zrutadhara navAMgI vRttikAra AcArya abhayadeva sUri haiN| samavAyAMga sUtra ke ukta paryuSaNa sUtra para unhoMne apanI TIkA meM varSAvAsa rUpa paryuSaNa kI hI carcA kI hai| jinavANI aura samyagdarzana ke dvArA ___.122 prajJA se dharma kI samIkSA - dvitIya puSpa

Page #18
pratipAdita vArSika parva kI to vahA~ gaMdha taka nahIM hai| eka zabda bhI to aisA nahIM hai, jisa para itanA hallA hai| pAThakoM kI jAnakArI ke lie hama yahA~ mUla pATha sahita TIkA zabdazaH uddhRta kara rahe haiN| ___"samaNe bhagavaM mahAvIre vAsANa savIsarAe mAse vaikUte sattariehiM rAiMdiehiM sesehiM vAsAvAsaM pjjosvei|" TIkA-varSANAM caturmAsapramANasya varSAkAlasya saviMzatirAtre vizatidivasAdhi ke mAse vyatikrAnte=paJcAzati dinessvtiitessvityrthH| saptatyAM ca dineSu zeSeSu bhAdrapada zukla pnycmyaamityrth:| varSA su AvAso varSAvAsa := varSA sthAna 'pajjosavei' parivasati-sarvathA vAsaM kroti| paJcAzati prAktaneSu divaseSu tathAvidha vasatyabhAvAdikAraNe sthaanaantrmpyaashryti| bhAdrapada zuklapaJcamyAM tu vRkSamUlAdAvapi nivasatIti hRdym| sAdhAraNa saMskRtajJa bhI dekha sakatA hai ki TIkAkAra abhayadeva kyA kahate haiM? 'varSAsu AvAso varSAvAsaH varSAsthAnaM, pajjosavei parivasatiM-sarvathA vAsaM karoti' kA bhAva hai ki "bIsa rAtri sahita eka mahInA bItane para varSAvAsa-varSAkAla meM ekatra nivAsa, arthAt caumAsa krnaa| Age ke zabdoM kA bhAva hai ki pahale ke 50 dinoM meM to sAdhu ke yogya vasati arthAt makAna kA abhAva Adi kAraNa hoM to sAdhu sthAnAntara bhI kara sakatA hai, sthAna badala sakatA hai, kintu bhAdrapada zuklA paMcamI se to vRkSa ke nIce bhI varSAvAsa ke lie nivAsa kare, eka hI jagaha rahe, sthAna na bdle|" vicArazIla pAThaka dekha sakate haiM, yaha varSAvAsa karane kA sUtra hai yA vArSika parva kA? vArSika parva kA to eka zabda bhI nahIM hai| isa para bhI bar3e ahaM meM Akara samyagdarzana likhatA hai ki "kavijI ne.... samavAyAMga kA mUla pATha to ThIka diyA, kintu usa mUla pATha kA jo bhAva batalAyA vaha asatya hai| .... isa asatya kA kAraNa sAmAnya pAThakoM ko aMdhere meM rakhanA hai| pAThakoM ko aMdhere meM maiM rakha rahA hU~, yA samyag darzana? maiMne to TIkA ke Adha ra para paryuSaNa kA varSAvAsa meM sthita rahanA'-artha kiyA thaa| isa saMbaMdha meM kisI bhI saMskRtajJa sajjana se pUchA jA sakatA hai ki mUla ke 'vAsAvAsaM' aura TIkA ke 'varSAvasthAnaM' kA kyA artha hai? 'pajjosavei' kA TIkAkAra ne 'parivasati' aura parivasati kA phira 'sarvathA vAsaM karoti' jo artha kiyA hai, vaha kyA hai? paryuSaNa : eka aitihAsika samIkSA 123

Page #19
vaha mere artha ke anukUla hai, yA samyagdarzana ke? samyag darzana meM artha kiyA hai-"zramaNa bhagavAn mahAvIra ne varSA ke mAsayukta bIsa rAtri vyatIta hone para aura varSAvAsa ke sattara dina zeSa rahane para paryuSaNa kiyaa|" yaha kaisA vicitra artha hai| maiM artha kI anya bhUloM kI ora na jAkara prastuta kI hI carcA kara rahA huuN| 'varSAvAsa ke sittara dina zeSa rahane para' isameM varSAvAsa ke sAtha SaSThI vibhakti kahA~ hai, jisakA saMbaMdha sattara dina se jor3ate haiN| sattara dina kA saMbaMdha pahale ke 'vAsANaM' ke sAtha hai, varSAvAsa ke sAtha nhiiN| mUla meM varSAvAsa ke lie to dvitIyA vibhakti hai, jisakA sambandha pajjosavei ke sAtha hai| varSAvAsa, pajjosavei' -'parivasati' kA karma hai| ataH 'vAsAvAsaM pajjosavei' kA sahI artha hotA hai, 'varSAvAsa ke prati nivAsa krnaa'| isIlie TIkAkAra ne upasaMhAra vAkya meM 'sarvathA vAsaM karoti' artha kiyA hai, jaisA ki maiMne hindI meM artha kiyA hai-'varSAvAsa meM sthita rhnaa'| mAlUma hotA hai, samyagdarzana tathA usake sahayogiyoM ko kyA to prAkRta tathA saMskRta kA paribodha nahIM hai| yadi paribodha hai to vaha nizchala bhAva se sahI satyasthiti ko svIkAra karane ke lie taiyAra nahIM haiN| vyartha hI pracalita mAnyatAoM ke vyAmoha meM bhadra janatA ko asatya ke saghana aMdhere meM gumarAha kara rahe haiN| yaha zraddhA ke nAma para satya ke sAtha nagna khilavAr3a hai, jise bhaviSya kA itihAsa kabhI kSamA nahIM kregaa| samavAyAMga sUtra ke Adhunika TIkAkAra pUjya zrI ghAsIlAlajI haiN| pUjya zrI samavAyAMga ke ukta paryuSaNa saMbaMdhI sUtra kA hindI aura gujarAtI artha karate hue to gar3abar3A gae haiM, mUlAnusArI ThIka artha nahIM kiyA hai| mAlUma hotA hai, pracalita mAnyatA ke kAraNa janazraddhA ke nAma para kucha vibhrama meM par3a gae hoN| yaha vibhrama hI hai ki saMskRta meM kucha artha hai to hindI meM kucha aura, tathA gujarAtI meM kucha aura hii| hindI meM artha hai-zramaNa bhagavAn mahAvIra ne varSAkAla ke eka mahInA bIsa dina bItane para paryuSaNa kiyA aura avaziSTa 70 sattara dina rahane para varSAkAla-cAturmAsa pUrA kiyaa| gujarAtI meM artha hai-zramaNa bhagavAn mahAvIra caumAsAnA 1 eka mAsa ane bIsa divasa vyatIta thayA pachI paryuSaNa karyA ane bAkInA sittera divasa pUrA thatAM cAturmAsa pUrNa kryu| __124 prajJA se dharma kI samIkSA - dvitIya puSpa

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pAThaka dekha sakate haiM, kitanA aMtara hai donoM meM? hindI meM hai ' 70 dina rahane para arthAt bAkI rahane para cAturmAsa pUrA kiyaa'| yaha kyA artha hai? kyA bhAdavA sudI paMcamI ko varSAkAla caumAsa pUrA kara diyA aura phira grAmAnugrAma vihAra karane lage? gujarAtI meM isake viparIta artha kiyA hai - bAkInA sittera divasa pUrA thatAM cAturmAsa pUrNa karyaM / mUla pATha meM to aisA kucha nahIM hai ki 70 dina pUrNa hone para caumAsa pUrA kiyaa| yaha adbhUta artha kahA~ se, mUlasUtra ke kina zabdoM meM taiyAra kiyA hai? kahIM se bhI to nhiiN| yaha to pracalita sAMpradAyika mAnyatA kI ulajhana hai| aura isa prakAra kI ulajhanoM meM ulajhe munirAjoM se, phira ve koI bhI kyoM na hoM, satya kI rakSA kA kyA bharosA kiyA jA sakatA hai? yahI kAraNa hai ki zraddhA ke nAma para zAstroM, AgamoM yA graMthoM ke sarvathA asaMgata evaM viparIta artha kara die jAte haiM aura mugdha janatA ina arthoM kI jarjara lAThI pakar3e aMdhakAra meM Thokara khAtI phiratI hai| pUjya zrI hindI aura gujarAtI meM to gar3abar3A gae haiM, kintu unhoMne saMskRta TIkA meM AcArya abhayadeva kA hI anusaraNa kiyA hai| prAyaH usI zabdAvalI kA prayoga kiyA hai| likhA hai 44 'zramaNo bhagavAn mahAvIraH 'vAsANaM' varSANAM varSAkAlasya 'savIsairAe mAse vakate' saviMzatirAtre mAse vyatikrAnte paJcAzaddineSvatIteSu ityarthaH, 'sattariehiM rAidiehiM sesehiM saptatau rAtrindiveSu saptatidineSvavaziSTeSu 'vAsAvAsaM ' varSAvAsaM-varSAsvAvAsastaM varSAvAsaM varSAkAlAvasthitimityarthaH, 'pajjosavei' parivasati / " uparyukta saMskRta TIkA ko svayaM dhyAna se par3hie, yA kisI saMskRtajJa vidvAn se par3havA lIjie, pUjya zrI ghAsIlAlajI kA hRdaya spaSTa ho jaaegaa| 'vAsAvAsaM' kA artha varSAvAsa kiyA hai, jisakA spaSTIkaraNa unhIM zabdoM meM hai-' varSAkAlAvasthiti' arthAt varSAkAla meM avasthiti, aura pajjosavei kA artha hai - parivasati / TIkA meM eka zabda bhI Aja ke tathAkathita vArSika parva kA nahIM hai| samavAyAMga sUtra ke ukta 'samaNe bhagavaM mahAvIraM' ke mUla pATha kA, jisake saMbaMdha meM jinavANI aura samyagdarzana kA yaha udghoSa hai ki yaha vArSika parvarUpa paryuSaNa - saMbaMdhI pATha hai, dekhie, jainadharma prasAraka sabhA, bhAvanagara ( saM 1995) se prakAzita samavAyAMga ke gujarAtI anuvAda meM kyA artha kiyA hai? paryuSaNa : eka aitihAsika samIkSA 125

Page #21
mUlArtha-" zramaNa bhagavAn mahAvIra svAmIe varSARtunA vIza divasa sahita eka mAsa vyatIta thaye sate ane sItera rAtridivasa zeSa rahe sate varSAvAsa pratye nivAsa karyo (caumAsu rahyA) (A hakIkata paryuSaNAmATe samajavI)" ukta saMskaraNa meM hI abhayadeva sUri kI TIkA kA bhI anuvAda hai-"samaNe ityAdi"-varSAnA eTale cAra mAsanA varSAkAla nA vIza rAtri sahita eTale vIza divasa adhika eka mAsa vyatIta thaye sate arthAt pacAsa divaso gaye sate tathA sItera rAtri divasa zeSa rahe sate, arthAt bhAdrapadanI zukla paMcamI ne varSAvAsa pratye eTale varSAkAla nA avasthAna pratye 'pajjosavei tti parivasati' eTale sarvathA prakAre nivAsa kare ch| pahelAnA pacAsa divaso mAM tathA prakAranI (rahavAne yogya) vasati no abhAva vigere kAraNa hoya to bIjA sthAnano paNa Azraya kare che, parantu bhAdrapada zukla paMcamIe (paMcamI thI) to vRkSanI nIce vigere koI paNa sthale (nizcita) nivAsa kare che, e AnuM tAtparya ch|" ukta anuvAda ke kartA zvetAmbara paramparA ke vidvAn haiM, jo vartamAna meM paryuSaNa ke pracalita pakSa ko hI mAnane vAle saMpradAya se sambandhita haiN| maiM unakA abhinandana karU~gA ki ve satya ke prati kitane niSThAvAna haiN| apanI vartamAna paramparA ke viparIta hote hue bhI unhoMne prAcIna ullekhoM ko tor3A-maror3A nahIM, aspaSTa bhASA meM ulajhAyA nhiiN| jo satya thA, use spaSTa zabdoM meM likhaa| maiM namra nivedana karU~gA ki hamAre pakSa ke vidvAn bhI prAmANikatA se kAma leN| apanI pracalita mAnyatAoM ke vyAmoha meM satya kA apalApa na kareM, aitihAsika mUla ullekhoM ko tor3e-maror3e nhiiN| kyA bhagavAn mahAvIra pratikramaNa karate the? jinavANI, samyagdarzana tathA hindI gujarAthI meM pUjya zrI ghAsIlAlajI aura dUsare bhI kitane hI mahAnubhAva samavAyAMga sUtra ke ukta bahucarcita pATha kA artha karate hue kAphI gar3abar3A gae haiN| samyagdarzana likhatA hai-"zramaNa bhagavAn mahAvIra ne varSAvAsa ke sittara rAtri dina zeSa rahane para paryuSaNa kiyaa|" jinavANI likhatI hai-"zramaNa bhagavAn mahAvIra ne 1 mAsa 20 dina rAtri bItane para cAturmAsa ke 70 rAtri dina zeSa rahane para paryuSaNa kiyaa|" pUjya zrI ghAsIlAla jI bhI, jaisA 126 prajJA se dharma kI samIkSA - dvitIya puSpa

Page #22
ki pahale likha Ae haiM, kAphI gar3abar3a ke bAda yahI likhate haiM ki "zramaNa bhagavAn mahAvIra ne paryuSaNa kiyaa|" samyagdarzana kI bhUla samajha meM A sakatI hai, cU~ki usakA lekhaka saMskRta prAkRta kA abhyAsI vidvAn nahIM hai| parantu mujhe to Azcarya hotA hai, jinavANI ke vidvAn lekhaka tathA samavAyAMga sUtra ke arthakAra pUjya zrI para ki ve kaise khoTA sikkA bAjAra meM calA rahe haiN| kyA yahI dharma zraddhA kI surakSA kA patha hai? varSAvAsa zabda aura pajjosavei ke sAtha usake vyAkaraNa sammata sambandha ko sApha DakAra jAte haiM, usakA ullekha taka nahIM krte| kaise kareM? vaha sApha-sApha unakI mAnyatA ko mUla se hI jo ukhAr3a detA hai| khaira ! ____ maiM ukta lekhako se pUchatA hU~, Apa paryuSaNa kA varSAvAsa artha to ASAr3ha pUrNimA ko mAna lete haiN| usa varSAvAsa kA bhAdavA sudI paMcamI se koI sambandha nahIM hai| ApakI dRSTi meM ukta paMcamI kA paryuSaNa vArSika parva hai, ora isake lie samavAyAMga sUtra ke pATha ko Apa uddhRta karate haiN| maiM pUchatA hU~, Apake lekhAnusAra zramaNa bhagavAn mahAvIra ne ukta paMcamI ke dina varSAvAsa nahIM, apitu vArSika parvarUpa paryuSaNa kiyA, to bhagavAn ne kyA paryuSaNa kiyA? kyA bhagavAn ne usa dina, jaisA ki Apa hama saba karate haiM, apanI bhUloM kI, apane cAritra-sambandha ii aticAroM kI AlocanA kI? saMvatsarI pratikramaNa kiyA? batAie to sahI vArSika parva ke rUpa meM kyA kiyA? tIrthaMkara kevalI kA cAritra niraticAra cAritra hotA hai, unake apramatta saMyama jIvana meM doSa nahIM lagate, aticAra nahIM lgte| ataH ve pratikramaNa nahIM krte| kahA~ dekha liyA-yaha tIrthaMkara kevala jJAniyoM ke dvArA vArSika parva kA manAnA, AlocanA-pratikramaNa karanA? kyA kahIM pUjya zrI amolaka RSi jI mahArAja kI vaha bhUla hI to Apako taMga nahIM kara rahI hai, jo unhoMne samavAyAMga sUtra ke ukta pATha ke anuvAda meM kI hai| unhoMne likhA hai "zrI zramaNa bhagavanta mahAvIra svAmI ne varSAkAla ke cAra mAsa meM se eka mAsa aura 20 dina vyatIta hue pIche va cAturmAsa ke 70 dina zeSa rahate saMvatsarI pratikramaNa kiyaa|" -sama0 pR. 176 pUjya RSijI to prAkRta bhASA ke vidvAna nahIM the, saMskRta TIkA bhI unhoMne nahIM par3hI thI, aura idhara pracalita mAnyatA unake samakSa thI, ata: unhoMne paryuSaNa kA sIdhA artha 'saMvatsarI pratikramaNa' likha chodd'aa| kintu Apa to aise nahIM hai| Apase yaha saba kaise hotA hai? mAnyatA kA vyAmoha satya pakSa ko paryuSaNa : eka aitihAsika samIkSA 127

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svIkAra karane se inkAra karatA hai na? 'dRSTirAgo hi pApIyAn dustyajo vidussaampi|' isIlie sApha zabdoM meM saMvatsarI artha na karake, 'paryuSaNa' zabda kA yoM hI golamAla bhASA meM prayoga karate haiM, kintu andara meM rakhate haiM, usI vArSika saMvatsarI pratikramaNa rUpa artha ko| ___ samavAyAMga sUtra aura kalpasUtra ke kisI bhI TIkAkAra ne ukta pATha ke 'pajjosavei' pATha kA vArSika pratikramaNa rUpa, jaisA ki Aja paramparA pracalita hai, artha nahIM kiyA hai, apitu kAraNika varSAvAsa ke lie sthira rahanA hI artha kiyA hai| samavAyAMga sUtra kI zrI abhaya devIya TIkA kA pATha diyA jA cukA hai| kalpasUtra ke to mUla meM hI ukta samaya ke lie heta diyA hai, 'jao NaM........ ..' Adi zabdoM meN| vaha pATha bhI uddhRta kara Ae haiM, jo spaSTa ullekha karatA hai ki zramaNa bhagavAn mahAvIra ne bIsa dina adhika eka mAsa bItane para varSAvAsarUpa paryuSaNa kiyA, Aja kA pracalita saMvatsarI pratikramaNa nhiiN| __aura to aura; kalpasUtra kI subodhikA TIkA ke sampAdaka AcArya sAgarAnanda sUri, jo abhI hue haiM, unhoMne bhI bhagavAn mahAvIra ke dvArA varSAvAsa rUpa paryuSaNa karanA hI likhA hai, sAMvatsarika pratikramaNa rUpa paryuSaNa karane kA khaMDana kiyA hai| jaina paramparA, bhagavAn ke lie sAMvatsarika pratikramaNa to kyA, koI bhI pratikramaNa nahIM maantii| ataH pratyeka ImAnadAra lekhaka vahI likhegA, jo zrI sAgarAnanda sUri isa sandarbha meM likhate haiM-"avasthAnaparyuSaNApekSayaiva ettsuutrm| tato jinasya sAMvatsarika pratikramaNasya abhAve'pi na ksstiH| ataevA'gre 'agArINaM agArAiM'. .... ityAdinA'vasthAnopayogi eva uttrm|" yadi vidvAn lekhakoM kA abhiprAya sAMvatsarika pratikramaNa nahIM hai, vArSika AlocanA nahIM hai, to phira 'paryuSaNa' se ApakA kyA abhiprAya hai? prAcIna AcAryoM dvArA pramANita varSAvAsa artha mAnate nahIM, sAMvatsarika AlocanA evaM pratikramaNa bhI nahIM, to phira paryuSaNa ke rUpa meM bhagavAna mahAvIra ne kauna-sA kaisA paryuSaNa kiyA? Akhira kucha spaSTa to honA caahie| aura jaba bhagavAna mahAvIra se sambandhita paryaSaNa kI bAta spaSTa ho jAe to phira Age hone vAle zramaNoM kI bAta spaSTa ho| AryakAlaka ne bhI varSAvAsa hI kiyA thA __ AryakAlaka ne ujjayinI se vihAra kara pratiSThAnapura meM bhAdavA sudI 4 ko varSAvAsa hI AraMbha kiyA thaa| kyoMki kAlaka kathA meM, parva lekhAnurUpa spaSTa 128. prajJA se dharma kI samIkSA - dvitIya puSpa

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likhA hai- 'maiM AU~, tabataka paryuSaNa na karanA / ' jaba Aja kI mAnyatA ke anusAra bhAdavA sudI paMcamI se pahale paryuSaNa hotA hI nahIM thA, taba unheM pratiSThAna zramaNa saMgha ko yaha Adeza bhejane kI kyA AvazyakatA thI? AryakAlaka ne eka dina pahale paryuSaNa kiyA to itihAsa meM usakA ullekha AyA, kintu, autsargika kahI jAnevAlI ASAr3ha pUrNimA se pacAsa dina ke parivartana kA kahIM koI ullekha nahIM? ukta prazna ke samAdhAna meM kahanA hai ki AryakAlaka dvArA eka dina kA parivartana koI khAsa bAta nahIM hai, khAsa bAta hai aparva meM paryuSaNa krnaa| kalpasUtra meM yaha to sApha hI likhA hai ki 'sthiti anukUla ho to pahale bhI paryuSaNa karanA kalpatA hai' - ' atarA vi ya se kappar3a / ' jaba pahale karane kA ukta vidhAna hai, to phira parivartana kA prazna kahA~ rahatA hai ? prAcIna jaina paramparAnusAra ASAr3ha pUrNimA se lekara pA~ca-pA~ca dina kI vRddhi se, kSetrAdi kI anukUlatA dekhate hue, kabhI bhI paryuSaNa kiyA jA sakatA hai| bhAdavA sudI paMcamI to antima sImA hai, jabaki varSAe~ prAyaH samApta - sI ho jAtI hai, isIlie bRhatkalpa bhASya Adi ke anusAra usa dina se to vRkSa ke nIce baiThakara bhI paryuSaNa-Age kA jaghanya 70 dina kA varSAvAsa pUrNa karane kA vidhAna hai| ataH spaSTa hai ki AryakAlaka kA parivartana eka dina pahale kA nahIM, apitu aparva meM parva karane kA parivartana hai, jo itihAsa ke pannoM para car3hanA hI caahie| paMcamI, dazamI, paMdarasa parva haiM, inake sivA zeSa tithiyA~ aparva haiM, jaisA ki nizItha cUrNi meM 12 evaM anya aneka TIkA granthoM meM likhA hai| jaina itihAsa meM ASAr3ha pUrNimA se badala kara bhAdavA sudI paMcamI ko paryuSaNa kaba, kisane, kyoM kiyA, isakA koI ullekha kyoM nahIM hai? bAta yaha hai ki bhAdavA sudI paMcamI ko paryuSaNa karanA koI naI bAta nahIM thI / apavAda rUpa meM usakA ullekha pahale se thA hI, aura yaha apavAda rUpa meM kiyA bhI jAtA thaa| ataH usake lie 'kaba, kisane, kyoM kie' kA prazna hI galata hai| yadi yaha aparva meM parva karane jaisI koI naI bAta hotI aura kisI eka vyakti vizeSa se isakA sambandha hotA, to saMbhava hai, ullekha kiyA jAtA / apavAda utsarga kaise ho gayA? prazna hai apavAda utsarga kaise ho gayA? aise ho gayA ki usa prAcIna yuga meM zrAvaka to hote the, para Aja jaise zrAvaka saMghoM kA vyavasthita vikAsa nahIM paryuSaNa : eka aitihAsika samIkSA 129

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huA thaa| cheda sUtra Adi Agama sAhitya evaM unake bhASya sAhitya meM tathA aneka jaina kathAoM meM yatra-tatra ullikhita ghaTanAe~ isa bAta kI sAkSI haiN| usa samaya sAdhu-saMgha ko kina paristhitiyoM meM se gujaranA hotA thA, sAdhAraNa sI AvazyakatAoM ke lie bhI kyA-kyA karanA hotA thA, yaha saba yadi koI prAcIna sAhitya par3he, to use patA lge| yahI kAraNa hai ki makAna kI vyavasthA sahaja hI anukUla nahIM milatI thii| ataH usa yuga meM zayyAtara kA mahatva kAphI bar3hA car3hA thaa| aura isa sambandha meM zayyAtara se AhArAdi na lene Adi ke aneka niyamopaniyama banAye gae the| Aja kI sthiti kahA~ thI taba? varSAvAsa ke yogya kSetra milanA kaThina thA, kSetra mila bhI jAtA to nirdoSa makAna milanA muzkila thaa| taba sAdhu, Aja kI taraha pahale-mahInoM pahale hI kahA~ varSAvAsa kI vinatI mAnatA thA? aura vaha vinatI hotI bhI kahA~ thI? sAdhU apane kalpAnusAra apratibaddha vihAra karatA thA pavana kI trh| vihAra karate-karate jahA~ bhI yogya kSetra milatA, aura taba varSAvAsa kA samaya A jAtA to varSAvAsa kara letaa| jaina ajaina kA prazna nahIM thA, prazna thA anukUlatA kaa| yadi ASAr3ha pUrNimA ko yogya kSetra mila jAtA to vahIM varSAvAsa kara letA, yadi na milatA to AsapAsa yA vahIM yogya kSetra evaM makAna Adi talAza karatA, aura pA~ca-pA~ca dina kI vRddhi ke pUrva nirdiSTa krama se jaba bhI milatA, varSAvAsa kara letaa| kintu gRhasthoM se apane varSAvAsa karane kA kucha jikra na krtaa| jikra karane meM doSoM kI saMbhAvanA jo rahatI thii| ataH varSAvAsa ke do rUpa bane-eka gRhi-jJAta aura dUsarA gRhi-ajnyaat| ASAr3ha pUrNimA se zuru hone vAlA varSAvAsa prAyaH ajJAta hI hotA thaa| prAyaH kyoM, yoM kahie, gRhasthoM se ajJAta hI rakhA jAtA thaa| yadi sAdhu tabhI apane varSAvAsa kI nizcita ghoSaNA kara de, aura varSAvAsa gRhasthoM ko jJAta ho jAe to gRhastha sAdhu ke dvArA avagRhIta makAna kI sAra saMbhAla ke lie Arambha kareMge, jaisA ki pahale uddharaNa de Ae haiN| dUsarI bAta yaha hogI ki sAdhu kA varSAvAsa jAnakara gRhastha varSA hone kA anumAna kareMge, phalataH kheta jotane-bone aura apane makAna ko AcchAdana karane Adi ke upakrama meM AraMbha samAraMbha kreNge| ataH sAdhu cupa rahe, kucha na khe| paMca paMca dina vRddhi ke krama se yAvat eka mahInA bIsa rAtri bItane para varSAvAsa gahi jJAta bhI ho jAe to koI Apatti nhiiN| kyoMki taba varSAe~ prAyaH samApta ho jAtI haiM, ata: gahijJAta hone para na makAna Adi se sambandhita AraMbha samAraMbha kI saMbhAvanA rahatI hai, aura na apane nimitta se subhikSa Adi jAnakara gRhasthoM dvArA 130 prajJA se dharma kI samIkSA - dvitIya puSpa

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kRSi Adi AraMbha karane kI hI koI sthiti rahatI hai / yaha saba kAma bahuta pahaleM hI kara lie gae hote haiM, ataH gRhastha ke dvArA saMyama meM svanimittajanya kisI bhI doSa kA koI prasaMga nahIM aataa| kitanA adhika saMyama ke prati sUkSma lakSya thA taba ke sAdhu ko / Aja yaha sthiti kahA~ hai? aba to vaha ajJAta jJAta ho jAtA hai, caumAsa lagane se pahale hI dUra-dUra taka suprasiddha ho jAtA hai| akhabAroM meM chapa jAtA hai| caumAsa kI maMjUrI ke lie mahInoM pahale hI basoM para baseM aura kAroM para kAreM jo daur3atI haiN| kyA isa sthiti meM kucha ajJAta rahatA hai ? kyA saba vyavasthAe~ pahale se nahIM hotI? kyA pahale se vyavasthA ke lie lambe-caur3e cande ciTThe nahIM kie jAte? phira bhI Aja ke saMyamI nirnimittaka nirdoSa varSAvAsa kI kalpanA mana meM lie baiThe haiM to yaha AtmavaMcanA nahIM to kyA hai? atIta ko vartamAna kI A~kha se dekhane vAloM ko tabhI to vaha paryuSaNa kI vizuddha vyavasthA, jisakA maiMne spaSTIkaraNa kiyA hai, vicitra sI lagatI hai| para satya to satya hai| usakA apanA eka svarUpa hai| use kauna kisa A~kha se dekhatA hai, isase use kyA lenA denA hai| ataH hA~ to apavAda utsarga kese ho gayA, isakI carcA hai| ASAr3ha pUrNimA kA gRhi-ajJAta paryuSaNa aMtataH varSA ke 50 dina bItane para gRhijJAta ho jAtA hai, usa dina kI prasiddhi svataH siddha ho jAtI hai / usa yuga kI sthiti ke anusAra, jaisI ki itihAsa se pramANita hai, anukUla makAna Adi prAyaH milate hI na the, ataH apavAda kI dRSTi se apanAyA jAne vAlA yaha bhAdrapada kAlIna paryuSaNa adhi ka saMkhyA meM hotA rahA, aura isa kAraNa apavAda hI utsarga ho gayA / aura yaha sthiti bhI AI ki sAdhu samAja kA gRhastha samAja se adhikAdhika saMparka bar3hatA gayA, zrAvaka saMgha vyavasthita rUpa meM kAma karane lage, sAdhu kI sevA kA bahuta kucha dAyitva gRhasthoM ne apane Upara le liyA, pariNAmasvarUpa paryuSaNa ke do khaMDa ho ge| ajJAta jaisA koI bheda rahA hI nhiiN| paMca paMca dina vRddhi ke parva dina bhI dhIre- dhIre lupta ho ge| basa paryuSaNa ke do hI dina raha gae, eka ASAr3ha pUrNimA aura dUsarA bhAdavA sudI paMcamI / phalataH paryuSaNa se saMbaMdhita kriyAkAMDa ke bhI do bhAga ho ge| varSAkAla meM nivAsa rUpa paryuSaNa mUla rUpa meM ASAr3ha pUrNimA ko banA rahA, aura usI se saMbaMdhita keza loca, paryuSaNa kalpasUtra kA vAcana tathA vArSika AlocanA-pratikramaNa Adi pahale se hI gRhajJAta ke rUpa meM prasiddhi pAe paryuSaNa : eka aitihAsika samIkSA 131

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hue bhAdavA sudI paMcamI ke hisse meM A ge| aura isa prakAra donoM hI paryuSaNa utsarga ho gae, apavAda koI rahA hI nahIM / bAta laMbI hotI jAtI hai, phira bhI kucha spaSTIkaraNa to karanA hI hotA hai| utsarga kA apavAda honA yA apavAda kA utsarga honA, adhikatara samAja kI badalatI paristhiti ke kAraNa hotA hai| kucha viziSTa prasaMgoM ko chor3akara, koI eka vyakti vizeSa tathA dinAMka ( tithi) vizeSa usake mUla meM nahIM hotA / paryuSaNa ke isa parivartana evaM vibhAjana meM bhI badalatA huA samaya evaM samAja hI hetu rahA hai, aura kucha nahIM / " 15 AgamAnusAra dina kA tIsarA pahara bhikSA evaM vihAra kA utsarga thA, zeSa kAla apavAda ! aura vaha apavAda kaba kisake dvArA utsarga ho gayA? ekabAra bhojana ke atirikta dubArA, tibArA bhojana, jo kabhI apavAda thA, Aja utsarga kaise ho gayA? eka pAtra se adhika pAtra rakhanA, sthavirAdi ke lie apavAda thA, vaha kaise utsarga ho gayA? eka se do, do se tIna tIna se cAra pAtra kaba aura kisake dvArA utsargarUpa hue? jaina paraMparAnusAra ASAr3ha aura pauSa- ye do hI mahIne bar3hate haiM, " cAturmAsa meM koI mahInA bar3hatA hI nhiiN| taba apanI mUla paraMparA ko chor3akara caumAsa meM zravaNAdi - vRddhi kI mithyA zrutapratipAdita mAnyatA ko kaba, kyoM kisane svIkAra kara liyA? rAtri ke tIsare pahara ke sivA anya paharoM meM sonA, bhajana Adi ke rUpa meM gAnA aura lekhAdi likhanA, kivAr3a kholanA, vihAra meM gRhasthoM kA sAtha rahanA, rAta ko sAdhu ke makAna meM gRhasthoM kA nivAsa karanA, gRhasthoM se par3hanA yA par3hAnA, gRhasthoM ko patrAdi likhanA yA likhAnA, Adi aneka apavAda, ora kucha to kabhI zAstranirdiSTa apavAda bhI nahIM the, utsarga kaise ho gae? kyA kisI eka vyakti ne kisI eka nizcita dina ukta saba parivartanoM ke prati utsarga ho jAne kI ghoSaNA kI? itihAsa meM do cAra parivartanoM ke lie kucha nAma haiM bhI, to ve bhI badalate Ae samaya pravAha ke catura udghoSaka hI haiM, aura kucha nhiiN| vartamAna paryuSaNa kAla kA bhI apavAda se utsarga honA, eka aisA hI paristhitiyoM kA badalatA pravAha thA, aura kucha nahIM / saMvatsarI aura cAturmAsika-do parva eka dina kaise ? saMvatsarI parva aura cAturmAsika parva, do bhinna parva haiN| ve eka dina kaise hoMge, donoM kI prAyazcitta vyavasthA kaise hogI ? yaha itanA uthalA prazna hai ki mana 132 prajJA se dharma kI samIkSA - dvitIya puSpa *

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vicAra meM par3a jAtA hai| kyA praznakartAoM ne kucha soca samajha kara prazna kiyA hai, yA aise hI 'calo yaha bhI eka DhelA sahI' aura basa aMdhere meM DhelA pheMka diyA hai| pAkSika parva bhI ko parva hai, jo pAkSika AlocanA ke rUpa meM sAdhu ke lie ati nikaTa kA Avazyaka parva hai| pAkSika kSamApanA bhI hai, usakA tapa bhI hai, prAyazcitta bhI hai| kintu jaba vaha tIna cAturmAsika parvoM ke sAtha eka dina hI AtA hai, taba kyA hotA hai? pAkSika aura cAturmAsika parva eka sAtha do kaise mAnate haiM, kaise donoM kA eka sAtha prAyazcitta lete haiM, kSamApanA karate haiM? jo samAdhAna Apane ina donoM parvoM kA, unake prAyazcitta Adi kA kara rakhA hai, vahI saMvatsarI aura cAturmAsika parva ke saMbaMdha meM kara lIjie, kyA parezAnI hai Apako ? kyA vaha zAstrArthoM kA yuga phira se A sakatA hai ? Aja jvaragrasta hU~ aura ye paMktiyA~ likha rahA huuN| maiM apane vicAra likha detA hU~, bAda meM yadi koI khAsa prazna yA zaMkA ho to carcA karatA huuN| anyathA AdhArahIna betukI carcA - praticarcAoM meM mujhe rasa nahIM hai| mujhe isa girate svAsthya meM aura bhI kucha mahattvapUrNa kAma karane hote haiN| ataH maiM uttara denA cAhatA nahIM thaa| kintu vicArakoM kA Agraha rahA ki aise to vyartha kI bhrAMti phailegI, asatyapakSa ko mahattva milegaa| uttara denA hI cAhie / bAta unakI bhI ThIka hai| hamArA samAja svAdhyAyazIla kama hai| prAkRta saMskRta ke prAcIna mAnya graMthoM se saMparka prAya: hai hI nahIM / AgamoM ke bhI galata anuvAda par3he jAte haiM, jinameM mUla kucha kahatA hai to anuvAda kucha kahatA hai / ha~sI AtI hai - aise bhraSTa anuvAdoM ko par3hate samaya taTastha vidvAnoM ko / janatA kyA kare, vaha sunI sunAI bAtoM ko hI 'bAbA vAkyaM pramANaM' mAna kara calatI hai| phira sAMpradAyika gurujanoM kI bAta kA bahumAna to bhaktoM ke lie itanA vicArAtIta hai ki kucha pUchie hI nahIM / ataH bhrAMtinirAkaraNa hetu prativAda rUpa meM kabhI kucha likhanA hI hotA hai| paraMtu maiM ise bahuta upayogI patha nahIM maantaa| kyoMki patroM meM yaha carcA parokSa rUpa meM calatI hai, ataH use phira tor3a-maror3a kara, auMdhAsIdha jo mana AyA, bhaktoM ko samajhA diyA jAtA hai aura apane ukhar3ate pakSa ko jaise-taise phira jamA diyA jAtA hai| prAcIna yuga meM Amane-sAmane, janatA kI upasthiti meM carcA hotI thI, jise zAstrArtha bhI kahate the| ina carcAoM ko sunane ke lie saMbaMdhita pakSoM kI janatA hI nahIM, kintu anya janatA bhI upasthita hotI paryuSaNa : eka aitihAsika samIkSA 133

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thI aura jijJAsu pratyakSa meM ubhayapakSa ke pratipAdita siddhAMtoM ko sunakara unake balAbala kA, yA satyAsatya kA nirNaya karate the| zrAvastI meM kezI gautama kA suprasiddha saMvAda bhI sarvasAdhAraNa janatA kI upasthiti meM hI haA thaa| Aja bhI aisA ho to maiM pasaMda kruuNgaa| pasaMda kyA, aisA honA hI caahie| saMskRta prAkRta bhASA ke gaMbhIra abhyAsI, sAtha hI taTastha vidvAnoM kI nirNAyakatA meM Aja ke kucha vivAdAspada vicArapakSoM kI sArvajanika rUpa se mukta carcA honA Avazyaka hai| vicAra carcA kA yaha pakSa satya ke adhika nikaTa hogA, janatA ke mana kI bhrAMtiyoM ke nirAkaraNa meM samartha hogaa| kyA aisA kucha ho sakegA? ho sakegA, to bahuta hI suNdr| zatazata saadhuvaad| vigata dillI yAtrA meM bhI maiMne sArvajanika carcA ke lie mukta AhvAna kiyA thA, parantu kheda hai kucha huA nhiiN| paryuSaNa parva kI maMgala carcA ke prasaMga para yadi kahIM kucha kaTu evaM maryAdAbAhya likhA gayA ho, to hArdika kssmaayaacnaa| saMdarbha 1. mUla zabda araka hai, vahI bolacAla kI bhASA meM Araka yA ArA bolA jAtA hai| 2. anavasthita kalpa kA artha aniyata kalpa hai| kabhI-kabhAra AvazyakatA hone para pAlana kara lie jAte haiM, adhikatara sAmAnya sthiti meM pAlana nahIM kie jaate| inake lie nitya pAlana jaisA koI vidhAna nahIM hai| AcArya haribhadra paMcAzaka kI svopajJa TIkA meM likhate haiM "no naiMva satatasevanIyaH, sadA vidheyo'nityamaryAdAsvarUpo'niyatavyavasthAsvabhAva iti kRtvA kadAcideva pAlayantIti bhaavH|" 3. dosA'sati majjhimagA, acchaMtI jAva puvvakoDI vi| vicarati ya vAsAsu vi, akaddame pANarahie ya / / 6435 / / 4. sapaDikkamaNo dhammo, purimassa ya pacchimassa jinnss| majjhimagANa jiNANaM, kAraNajAe paDikkamaNAM / / 6425 / / -bRhatkalpabhASya 'sapratikramaNa:' ubhayakAlaM SaDvidhAvazyakaraNayukto dharmaH pUrvasya pazcimasya ca jinasya tIrthe bhavati.....madhyamAnAM tu jinAnAM tIrthe 'kAraNajAte' tathAvidhe'parAdhe utpanne sati pratikramaNaM bhvti| -bRhakalpa bhASya TIkA 34 prajJA se dharma kI samIkSA - dvitIya puSpa

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madhyama jinapatInAM kAraNasadbhAve'pi daivasikarAtrike eva prAyaH pratikramaNe, na tu paakssik-caaturmaasik-saaNvtsrikaanni| tathA coktaM saptatizatasthAnakagranthe:"desiya-rAiya-pakkhiya-caumAsiya-vaccharIa naamaau| duhaM paNa paDikkamaNA, majjhimagANaM tu pddhmaa|| -kalpa-subodhikA, vyA. 1 pratikramaNam - zrI AdinAtha mahAvIra sAdhubhinizciyena ubhayakAlaM pratikramaNaM krtvym| 22 tIrthaMkarasAdhubhistu aticAre -- kAraNe jAte pratikramaNaM kriyate, na jAte na kriyte| kalpasUtra - kalpalatA vyA. 1 5. eSAM ca paJcAnAM meghAnAM krameNedaM pryojnsuutrm....pnycmeghvrssnnaanntrm| -jambUdvIpa prajJapti TIkA, 2 vakSaskAra 6. kappai niggaMthANa niggaMthINA vA.... se bhikkhU vA bhikkhuNI vA... 7. athAsmin zrI paryuSaNAparvaNi sAdhUnAM dharmakRtyAni "saMvatsarapratikrAntiH, luMcanaM cASTamaM tpH| sarvArhadbhaktipUjA ca, saMghasya kssaamnnaavidhiH||" kalpalatA vyA. 1 8. Aja bhI mUrtipUjaka paraMparA meM, bhAdave ke paryuSaNa meM bhI, pA~ca dina hI kalpasUtra vAcane kI prathA hai| 9. zrI kAlakAcArya ke ukta sandeza kathana para se vinayavijayajI kI vaha bAta svayaM apramANita ho jAtI hai, jo unhoMne vArSika parvarUpa paryuSaNa kA sambandha AcArya kAlaka se jor3A hai'tatra vArSika parva bhAdrapada sita paJcamyAM, kAlakasUreranantaraM caturthyAmeveti' / __ -subodhikA, vyA. 1 10. bhAdrapada mAsapratibaddhaparyuSaNakaraNe'pi nAdhikamAsaH pramANamiti tyaja kdaagrhm| __ -subodhikA, vyA. 9 11. paMcapaMcakavRddhayA gRhijJAtAdivistarastu nAtra likhitaH, sAMprata saMghAjJayA tasya vidhey'cchinntvaad| subodhikA vyA. 1 12. taM puNNimAe paMcamIe, dasamIe, evamAdipavvesu pajjosaveyavvaM, No apvvesu| sIso pucchati iyANiM kaha cautthIe apavve pajjosavijjati? Ayariyo bhaNati-kAraNiyA ca cautthI ajjakAlagAyarieNa pvttiyaa| -nizItha cUrNi, dazama uddezaka paryuSaNa : eka aitihAsika samIkSA 135

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13. ettha ya abhiggahiya, vAsatirAya savAsaga maas| teNa paramabhiggahiyaM, gihiNAyaM kattio jaav||4292|| -vRhatkalpabhASya gihINa ya pucchaMtANa kaheMti - iha ThitAmo vrisaakaale| - nizItha cUrNi 10/43 14. ...vIsatirAte savIsatirAte vA mAse Agate appaNo abhiggahiyaM vihiNAtaM vA kaheMti, Arato Na kheNti| -nizIthacUrNi 10 1 43 'sthitAH smaH' ityukte gRhasthAzcintayeyuH-avazyaM varSa bhaviSyati yenaite varSArAtramatra. sthitAH, tato dhAnya vikrINIyuH, gRhaM vA chAdayeyuH, halAdIni vA sNsthaapyeyuH| yata evamato'bhivardhita varSe viMzatirAtre gate, 'itareSuca' triSu candrasaMvatsareSu saviMzatirAtre mAse gate gRhijJAtaM kurvnti| bR. kalpabhASya TIkA, 42893 tadA te gRhasthA munInAM sthityA subhikSaM saMbhAvya... dantAlakSetrakarSaNa gRhAcchAdanAdIni kuryH| .....ataH tatparihArAya paJcAzaddinaiH vayamatra sthitAH sma iti vAcyam -kalpalatA, vyA06 15. jati aMte to NiyamA do AsADhA bhavanti, aha majjhe, to do posaa| __-ni. cU. 10/43 jaina TippanakAnusAreNa yatastatra yugamadhye pauSo yugAMte cASADho varddhate, nA'nye maasaaH| taTTipanakaM tu adhunA na samyag jnyaayte| -subodhikA, vyA. 9 FOR LOCR. ___36 prajJA se dharma kI samIkSA - dvitIya puSpa