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________________ nyAyavinizcaya aura usakA viSaya vivecana varzana saMsArake yAvata cara-acara prANiyoMmeM manuSyakI cetanA savizeSa vikasita hai| usakA jIvana anya prANiyoMkI taraha kevala AhAra, nidrA, rakSaNa aura prajananameM hI nahIM bItatA kintu vaha apane svarUpa, maraNottara jIvana, jar3a jagata, usase apane sambandha Adike viSayameM sahaja gatise manana-vicAra karanekA abhyAsI hai| sAmAnyataH usake praznoMkA dArzanika rUpa isa prakAra hai-AtmA kyA hai ? paraloka hai yA nahIM ? yaha jar3a jagat kyA hai ? isase AtmAkA kyA sambandha hai ? yaha jagat svayaM siddha hai yA kisI cetana zaktise samatpanna hai ? isakI gatividhi kisI cetanase niyantrita hai yA prAkRtika sAdhAraNa niyamoMse Abaddha ? kyA sata utpanna haA ? kyA kisI satakA vinAza ho sakatA hai ? ityAdi prazna mAnava jAtike AdikAlase barAbara utpanna hote rahe haiM aura pratyeka dArzanika mAnasa isake samAdhAnakA prayAsa karatA rahA hai| Rgveda tathA upaniSat-kAlIna praznoMkA adhyayana isa bAtakA sAkSI hai / darzanazAstra aise hI praznoMke sambandhameM UhApoha karatA AyA hai| pratyakSasiddha padArthakI vyAkhyA meM matabheda ho sakatA hai para svarUpa usakA vivAdase pare hai kintu parokSa padArthakI vyAkhyA aura svarUpa donoM hI vivAdake viSaya haiN| yaha ThIka hai ki darzanakA indriyagamya aura indriyAtIta donoM prakAra ke padArtha haiN| para makhya vicAra yaha hai ki darzanako paribhASA kyA hai ? usakA vAstavika artha kyA hai ? vaise sAdhAraNatayA darzanakA mukhya artha sAkSAtkAra karanA hotA hai / vastukA pratyakSa jJAna hI darzanakA mukhya abhidheya hai| yadi darzanakA yahI mukhya artha ho to darzanoMmeM bheda kaisA ? kisI bhI padArthakA vAstavika pUrNa pratyakSa do prakArakA nahIM ho sakatA / agnikA pratyakSa garama aura ThaNDeke rUpameM do tarahase na anubhavagamya hai aura na vizvAsayogya hii| phira darzanoMmeM to paga-pagapara paraspara virodha vidyamAna hai| aisI dazAmeM kisI bhI jijJAsuko yaha sandeha svabhAvataH hotA hai ki jaba sabhI darzana-praNetA RSiyoMne tattvakA sAkSAddarzana karake nirUpaNa kiyA hai to unameM itanA matabheda kyoM hai? yA to darzana zabdakA sAkSAtkAra artha nahIM hai yA yadi yahI artha hai to vastuke pUrNa svarUpakA vaha darzana nahIM hai yA vastuke pUrNa svarUpakA darzana bhI huA ho to usake pratipAdanakI prakriyAmeM antara hai ? darzanake paraspara virodhakA koI-na-koI aisA hI hetu honA cAhiye / dUra na jAiye, sarvataH sannikaTa AtmAke svarUpapara hI darzanakAroM ke sAkSAtkArapara vicAra kIjiye-sAMkhya AtmAko kUTastha nitya mAnate haiN| inake matase AtmAkA svarUpa anAdi ananta avikArI nitya hai| bauddha isake viparIta pratikSaNa parivartita jJAnakSaNarUpa hI AtmA mAnate haiN| naiyAyika-vaizeSika parivartana to mAnate haiM, para vaha gaNoM taka hI sImita hai| mImAMsakane AtmAmeM avasthAbhedakRta parivartana svIkAra karake bhI dravya nitya svIkAra kiyA hai| yogadarzanakA bhI yahI abhiprAya hai| jainoMne avasthAbhedakRta parivartanake mUla AdhAra dravyameM parivartanakAlameM kisI bhI aparivartiSNu aMzako svIkAra nahIM kiyA; kintu avicchinna paryAya-paramparAke cAla rahaneko hI dravyasvarUpa mAnA hai| cArvAka ina sava pakSoMse bhinna bhUtacatuSTayarUpa hI AtmA mAnatA hai| use AtmAke svatantra dravyake rUpa meM darzana nahIM hue| yaha to huI AtmAke svarUpakI baat| usakI AkRtipara vicAra kIjiye to aise hI aneka darzana milate hai / AtmA amUrta hai yA marta hokara bhI itanA sUkSma hai ki vaha hamAre carmacakSaoMse nahIM dikhAI de sakatA isameM kisIko vivAda nahIM hai| isalie atIndriyadarzI kucha RSiyoMne apane darzanase batAyA ki AtmA sarvavyApaka hai / dUsare RSiyoMko dikhA ki AtmA aNarUpa hai, vaTabIjake samAna ati sUkSma hai / kucha ko dikhA ki deharUpa hI AtmA hai to kinhIMne choTe-bar3e zarIra-pramANa saMkoca
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________________ 4/ viziSTa nibandha : 75 vikAsazIla AtmAkA AkAra btaayaa| vicArA jijJAsu aneka pagaDaNDiyoMvAle isa zatarAhepara khar3A hokara digbhrAnta haA yA to darzana zabdake arthapara hI zaMkA karatA hai yA phira darzanakI pUrNatAmeM hI avizvAsa karaneko usakA mana hotA hai| pratyeka darzanakAra yahI dAvA karatA hai ki usakA darzana pUrNa aura yathArtha hai| eka ora mAnavakI mananazaktimalaka takako jagAyA jAtA hai aura jaba tarka apane yauvanapara AtA hai tabhI roka diyA jAtA hai aura tarko'pratiSThaH' 'tarkApratiSThAnAt' jaise bandhanoMse use jakar3a diyA jAtA hai| 'tarkase kucha hone jAnevAlA nahIM hai' isa prakArake narkanairAzyavAdakA pracAra kiyA jAtA hai| AcArya haribhadra apane lokatattvanirNayameM spaSTarUpase atIndriya padArthoM meM tarkakI nirarthakatA batAte hai "jJAyeran hetuvAdena padArthA ydytiindriyaaH| kAlenaitAvatA teSAM kRtaH syaadrthnirnnyH||" arthAt-yadi tarkavAdase atIndriya padArthoke svarUpa-nirNayakI samasyA hala ho sakatI hotI, to itanA maya bIta gayA, baDe-baDe tarkazAstrI tarkakezarI hae. Aja taka unane inakA nirNaya kara diyA hotA / para atIndriya padArthoke svarUpajJAnakI pahelI pahilese adhika ulajhI huI hai| jaya ho usa vijJAnakI jisane bhautika tattvoMke svarUpanirNayakI dizAmeM paryApta prakAza diyA hai| dUsarI ora yaha ghoSaNA kI jAtI hai ki "tApAt chedAt nikaSAt suvarNamiva pnndditH| parIkSya bhikSavo grAhyaM madvaco na tvAdarAt // " arthAt-jaise soneko tapAkara, kATakara, kasauTIpara kasakara usake khoTe-kharekA nizcaya kiyA jAtA hai usI taraha hamAre vacanoMko acchI taraha kasauTIpara kasakara unakA vizleSaNakara unheM jJAnAgnimeM tapAkara hI svIkAra karanA kevala andhazraddhAse nahIM / andhI zraddhA jitanI sastI hai utanI zIghra pratipAtinI bhii| taba darzana zabdakA artha kyA ho sakatA hai ? isa praznake uttarameM pahile ye vicAra Avazyaka hai ki-jJAna' vastuke pUrNarUpako jAna sakatA hai yA nahIM ? yadi jAna sakatA hai to ina darzana-praNetAoMko pUrNa jJAna thA yA nahIM? yadi pUrNa jJAna thA to matabhedakA kAraNa kyA hai ? 1. jJAna-jIva caitanyazaktivAlA hai| yaha caitanyazakti jaba bAhya vastuke svarUpako jAnatI hai taba jJAna kahalAtI hai| isIlie zAstroMmeM jJAnako sAkAra batAyA hai| jaba caitanyazakti jJeyako na jAnakara svacaitanyAkAra rahatI hai taba usa nirAkAra avasthAmeM darzana kahalAtI hai| arthAt caitanyazaktike do AkAra hae eka jJeyAkAra aura dUsarA caitanyAkAra / jJeyAkAra dazAkA nAma jJAna aura caitanyAkAra dazAkA nAma darzana hai| caitanyazakti kA~cake samAna svaccha aura nirvikAra hai / jaba usa kA~cako pIche pArekI kalaI karake isa yogya banA diyA jAtA hai ki usameM pratibimba par3a sake taba use darpaNa kahane lagate haiN| jaba taka kA~cameM kalaI lagI haI hai taba taka usameM kisI na kisI padArthake pratibimbakI sambhAvanA hai| yadyapi pratibimbAkAra pariNamana kA~cakA hI huA hai para vaha pariNamana usakA nimittajanya hai| usI taraha nirvikAra citizaktikA jJeyAkAra pariNamana jise hama jJAna kahate haiM mana, zarIra, indriya Adi nimittoMke AdhIna hai yA yoM kahiye ki jaba taka usakI baddha dazA hai taba taka bAhya nimittoMke anusAra usakA jJeyAkAra pariNamana hotA rahatA hai| jaba azarIrI siddha avasthAmeM jIva pahu~ca jAtA hai taba sakala upAdhiyoMse zanya honeke kAraNa usakA jJeyAkAra pariNamana na hokara zuddha cidAkAra pariNamana rahatA hai| isa vivecanakA saMkSipta tAtparya yaha hai
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________________ 76 : DaoN. mahendrakumAra jaina nyAyAcArya smRti-grantha 1. zuddha kA~ca 1. mukta jIvakA cetanya, zuddha cinmAtra 2. kalaI lagA huA kA~ca-darpaNa ( pratibimba rahita). 2. sazarIrI saMsArI jIvakA caitanya, para jJeyAkAra zanya, darzanAvasthA nirAkAra 3. sapratibimba darpaNa 3. jJeyAkAra, sAkAra, jJAnAvasthA isa taraha caitanyake do pariNamana-eka nirvikAra abaddha ananta zuddha caitanyarUpa mokSAvasthAbhAvI aura dUsarA zarIra karma Adise baddha savikArI sopAdhika saMsArAvasthAbhAvI / saMsArAvasthAbhAvI caitanyake do pariNamana eka sapratibimba darpaNakI taraha jJeyAkAra aura dUsarA niSpratibimba darpaNakI taraha nirAkAra / jJeyAkAra pariNamanakA nAma jJAna tathA nirAkAra pariNamanakA nAma darzana / tattvArtharAjavAtikameM-jIvakA lakSaNa upayoga kiyA hai aura upayogakA lakSaNa isa prakAra diyA hai ___"bAhyAbhyantarahetudvayasannidhAne yathAsaMbhavamupalabdhuzcaitanyAnuvidhAyI pariNAma upyogH|" (ta0 vA0 218 ) arthAta-upalabdhAko ( jisa caitanyameM padArthoke upalabdha arthAta jJAna karanekI yogyatA ho) do prakArake bAhya tathA do prakArake abhyantara hetuoMke milanepara jo caitanyakA anuvidhAna karanevAlA pariNamana hotA hai use upayoga kahate haiM / isa lakSaNameM Ae hue 'upalabdhuH' aura 'caitanyAnuvidhAyI' ye do pada vizeSa dhyAna dene yogya hai / caitanyAnuvidhAyI pada yaha sUcanA de rahA hai ki jo jJAna aura darzana pariNamana bAhyAbhyantara hetuoMke nimittase ho rahe haiM ve svabhAvabhUta caitanyakA anuvidhAna karanevAle haiM arthAt caitanya eka anuvidhAtA dravyAMza hai aura usake ye bAhyAbhyantara hetvadhIna pariNamana hai| caitanya inase bhI pare zuddha avasthAmeM zuddha pariNamana karanevAlA hai| 'upalabdhuH' pada catanyakI usa dazAko sUcita karatA hai caitanyameM bAhyAbhyAntara hetuoMse nirAkAra yA sAkAra honekI yogyatA hotI hai aura vaha avasthA anAdikAlase karmabaddha honeke kAraNa anAdise hI hai| tAtparya yaha ki anAdise karmabaddha hone ke kAraNa caitanya-kA~cameM vaha kalaI lagI hai jisase vaha darpaNa banA hai isImeM bAhyAbhyAkAra hetuoMke adhIna nirAkAra aura sAkAra pariNamana hote rahate hai jinheM kramazaH darzana aura jJAna kahate haiN| para antameM mukta avasthAmeM jaba sArI kalaI dhula jAtI hai vizuddha nirvikAra nirvikalpa ananta akhaNDa caitanyamAtra raha jAtA hai taba usakA zuddha cidrapa hI pariNamana hotA hai / jJAna aura darzana pariNamana bAhyAdhIna hai / usameM jJAna aura darzanakA vibhAga hI vilIna ho jAtA hai| . tattvArtharAjavAtika ( 1 / 6 ) meM ghaTake svaparacatuSTayakA vicAra karate hue antameM ghaTajJAnagata jJeyAkArako ghaTakA svAtmA batAyA hai aura niSpratibimba jJAnAkArako parAtmA / yathA ___ "caitanyazaktI AkArau jJAnAkAro jJeyAkArazca / anupayuktapratibimbAkArAdarzatalavat jJAnAkAraH, pratibimbAkArapariNatAdazaMtalavat jJeyAkAraH" isa uddharaNase spaSTa hai ki caitana do pariNamana hote hai-jJeyAkAra aura jJAnAkAra / rAjavArtikameM jJeyAkAra pariNamana usakA sAkAra pariNamana hai tathA jJAnAkAra pariNamana nirAkAra / jaba taka jJeyAkAra pariNamana hai taba taka vaha vAstavika arthameM jJAnaparyAyako dhAraNa karatA hai aura nirjayAkAra dazAmeM darzana paryAyako / dhavalA TIkA ( pu0 1, pR0 148 ) aura ha ( pR0 81-82 ) meM sauddhAntika dRSTise jo darzanakI vyAkhyA kI hai usakA tAtparya bhI yahI hai ki-viSaya aura viSayIke sannipAtake pahile jo caitanyakI nirAkAra pariNati yA svAkAra pariNati hai use darzana kahate haiN| rAjavArtikameM caitanyazaktike jisa jJAnAkArakI caracA hai vaha vAstavikameM darzana hI hai| isa vivecanase itanA to spaSTa jJAta ho jAtA hai ki-caitanyakI eka dhArA hai jisameM pratikSaNa utpAda, vyaya,
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________________ 4/ viziSTa nibandha : 77 saMsArake samasta padArtha jJeya arthAt jJAnake viSaya hone yogya haiM tathA jJAna paryAyameM jJeyake jAnanekI yogyatA hai, pratibandhaka jJAnAvaraNa karma jaba haTa jAtA hai taba vastuke pUrNa svarUpakA bhAna jJAna paryAyake dvArA avazyambhAvI hai / jJAna paryAyakI utpattikA jo krama TippaNImeM diyA hai usake anusAra bhI jisa-kisI vastuke pUrNarUpa taka jJAnaparyAya pahu~ca sakatI hai yaha nirvivAda hai| jaba jJAna vastuke anantadharmAtmaka virATa svarUpakA yathArtha jJAna kara sakatA hai aura yaha bhI asambhava nahIM hai ki kisI AtmAmeM aisI jJAna paryAyakA vikAsa ho sakatA hai, taba vastuke pUrNa rUpake sAkSAtkAra viSayakapraznakA samAdhAna ho hI jAtA hai / arthAt vizuddha jJAnameM vastuke virATa svarUpakI jhA~kI A sakatI hai| aura aisA vizaddha jJAna tattvadraSTA RSiyoMkA rahA hogaa| parantu vastukA jo svarUpa jJAnameM jhalakatA hai usa sabakA zabdoMse kathana karanA asambhava hai kyoMki zabdoMmeM vaha zakti nahIM hai jo anubhavako apane dvArA jatA ske| sAmAnyatayA yaha to nizcita hai ki vastukA svarUpa jJAna jJeya to hai| jo bhinna-bhinna jJAtAoMke dvArA jAnA jA sakatA hai vaha eka jJAtAke dvArA bhI nirmala jJAnake dvArA jAnA jA sakatA hai| tAtparya yaha ki vastukA akhaNDa anantadharmAtmaka virATsvarUpa akhaNDa rUpase jJAnakA viSaya to bana jAtA hai aura tattvajJa RSiyoMne apane mAnasajJAna aura yogijJAnase use jAnA bhI hogA / parantu zabdoMko sAmarthya itanI atyalpa' hai ki jAne hue vastuke dharmomeM ananta bahubhAga to anabhidheya haiM arthAt zabdase kahe hI nahIM jA sakate / jo kahe jA sakate haiM unakA anantavA bhAga hI prajJApanIya arthAt dUsaroMke lie samajhAne lAyaka hotA hai / jitanA dhrauvyAtmaka pariNamana hotA rahatA hai aura jo anAdi-anantakAla taka pravAhita rahanevAlI hai| isa dhArAmeM karmabandhana zarIra-sambandha mana, indriya Adike sannidhAnase aisI kalaI laga gaI hai jisake kAraNa isakA jJeyAkAra-arthAt padArthoMke jAnane rUpa pariNamana hotA hai / isakA jJAnAvaraNa karmake kSayopazamAnusAra vikAsa hotA hai / sAmAnyataH zarIra samparkake sAtha hI isa caitanyazaktikA kalaIvAle kA~cakI taraha darpaNavat pariNamana ho gayA hai| isa darpaNavata pariNamanavAle samayameM jitane samaya taka vaha caitanya-darpaNa kisI jJeyake pratibimbako letA hai arthAt use jAnatA hai taba taka usakI vaha sAkAra dazA jJAna kahalAtI hai aura jitane samaya usakI nirAkAra dazA rahatI hai, vaha darzana kahI jAtI hai| isa pariNAmI caitanyakA sAMkhyake caitanyase bheda spaSTa hai| sAMkhyakA caitanya sadA avikArI pariNamanazanya aura kaTastha nitya hai jaba ki jainakA caitanya pariNamana karanevAlA pariNAmI nitya hai| sAMkhyake yahA~ buddhi yA jJAna prakRtikA dharma hai jaba ki jainasammata jJAna caitanyakI hI paryAya haiN| sAMkhyakA caitanya saMsAra dazAmeM bhI jJeyAkAra pariccheda nahIM karatA jaba ki jainakA caitanya upAdhi dazAmeM jJeyAkAra pariNata hotA hai, unheM jAnatA hai / sthUla bheda to yaha hai ki jJAna jainake yahA~ caitanyakI paryAya hai jaba ki sAMkhyake yahA~ prakRti kii| isa taraha jJAna caitanyakI auSAdhika paryAya hai yaha saMsAra dazAmeM barAbara cAla rahatI hai jaba darzana avasthA hotI hai, taba jJAna avasthA nahIM hotI aura jaba jJAna paryAya hotI hai, taba darzana paryAya nhiiN| jJAnAvaraNa aura darzanAvaraNa karma inhIM paryAyoMko hInAdhika rUpase AvRta karate haiM aura inake kSayopazama aura kSayake anusAra inakA apUrNa aura pUrNa vikAsa hotA hai / saMsArAvasthAmeM jaba jJAnAvaraNakA pUrNa kSaya ho jAtA hai taba caitanya zaktiko sAkAra paryAya jJAna apane pUrNa rUpameM vikAsako prApta hotI hai| 1. "paNNavaNijjA bhAvA, aNaMtabhAgo du aNabhilappANaM / paNNavaNijjANaM puNa, aNaMtabhAgo sudnnibddho||" -go0 jIva0 gA0 333 /
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________________ 78 : DaoN0 mahendrakumAra jaina nyAyAcArya smRti grantha prajJApanIya hai usakA anantavA~ bhAga zabda - zrutanibaddha hotA hai / ataH kadAcit darzanapraNetA RSiyoMne vastutattvako apane nirmala jJAnase akhaNDarUpa jAnA bhI ho to bhI eka hI vastuke jAnaneke bhI dRSTikoNa jude-jude ho sakate haiM / eka hI puSpako vaijJAnika, sAhityika, Ayurvedika tathA janasAdhAraNa A~khoMse samagra bhAvase dekhate haiM para vaijJAnika usake saundaryapara mugdha na hokara usake rAsAyanika saMyogapara hI vicAra karatA hai / kaviko usake rAsAyanika mizraNakI koI cintA nahIM, kalpanA bhI nahIM, vaha to kevala usake saundarya para mugdha hai aura vaha kisI kamanIya kAminIke upamAlaMkArameM gUMthanekI komala kalpanAse Akalita ho uThatA hai / jaba ki vaidyajI usake guNadoSoMke vivecanameM apane manako kendrita kara dete haiN| para sAmAnyajana usakI romI - rImI mohaka suvAsase vAsita hokara hI apane puSpajJAnakI parisamApti kara detA hai| tAtparya yaha ki vastu anantadharmAtmaka virATsvarUpakA akhaNDa bhAvase jJAnake dvArA pratibhAsa honepara bhI usake vivecaka abhiprAya vyaktibhedase ananta ho sakate haiM / phira apane-apane abhiprAyase vastuvivecana karanevAle zabda bhI ananta / eka vaijJAnika apane dRSTikoNako hI pUrNa satya mAnakara kavi yA vaidyake dRSTikoNa yA abhiprAyako vastutattvakA agrAhaka yA asatya ThaharAtA hai to vaha yathArtha draSTA nahIM hai, kyoMki puSpa to akhaNDa bhAvase sabhI ke darzanakA viSaya ho rahA hai aura usa puSpameM ananta abhiprAyoM yA dRSTikoNoMse dekhe jAnekI yogyatA hai para dRSTikoNa aura tatprayukta zabda to jude-jude haiM aura ve Apasa meM TakarA bhI sakate haiM / isI TakarAhaTase darzanabheda utpanna huA hai| taba darzana zabdakA kyA artha phalita hotA hai jise haraeka darzanavAdiyoMne apane matake sAtha jor3A aura jisake nAmapara apane abhiprAyoMko eka dUsarese TakarAkara usake nAmako kalaMkita kiyA ? eka zabda jaba loka meM prasiddhi pA letA hai to usakA lebila tadAbhAsamidhyA vastuoM para bhI loga lagAkara usake nAmase svArthaM sAdhanekA prayatna karate haiM / jaba janatAko Thaganeke lie kholI gaI dUkAneM bhI 'rASTrIyabhaNDAra' aura 'janatA bhaNDAra' kA nAma dhAraNa kara sakatI haiM aura gAndhIchApa zarAba bhI vyavasAiyoMne banA DAlI hai to darzanake nAmapara yadi purAne jamAne meM tadAbhAsa cala par3e hoM to koI Azcarya kI bAta nahIM / sabhI dArzanikoMne yaha dAvA kiyA hai ki unake RSine darzana karake tattvakA pratipAdana kiyA hai / ThIka hai, kiyA hogA ? darzanakA eka artha hai- sAmAnyAvalokana / indriya aura padArtha ke samparkake bAda jo eka bAra hI vastuke pUrNa rUpakA akhaNDa yA sAmAnya bhAvase pratibhAsa hotA hai use zAstrakAroMne nirvikalpa darzana mAnA hai / isa sAmAnya darzanake anantara samasta jhagar3oMkA mala vikalpa AtA hai jo usa sAmAnya pratibhAsako apanI kalpanAke anusAra citrita karatA hai / dharmakIrti AcArya ne pramANavArtika ( 3 / 44 ) meM likhA hai ki " tasmAd dRSTasya bhAvasya dRSTa evAkhilo guNaH / bhrAntenizcIyate neti sAdhanaM sampravartate // " arthAt darzanake dvArA dRSTapadArtha ke sabhI guNa dRSTa ho jAte haiM, unakA sAmAnyAvalokana ho jAtA hai / para bhrAntike kAraNa unakA nizcaya nahIM ho pAtA isalie sAdhanoM kA prayoga karake tattaddharmo kA nirNaya kiyA jAtA hai / tAtparya yaha ki -darzana eka hI bArameM vastu ke akhaNDa svarUpakA avalokana kara letA hai aura isI artha meM yadi darzanazAstra ke darzana zabdakA prayoga hai to matabhedakI guMjAiza raha sakatI hai, lokana pratiniyata arthakriyAkA sAdhaka nahIM hotA / arthakriyAke lie to tattadaMzoMke kyoMki yaha sAmAnyAva - nizcayakI AvazyakatA
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________________ 4 / viziSTa nibandha : 79 ha hai / ataH asalI kAryakArI to darzanake bAda honevAle zabdaprayogavAle vikalpa haiN| jina vikalpoMko darzanakA pRSThabala prApta hai ve pramANa haiM tathA jinheM darzanakA pRSThabala prApta nahIM haiM arthAt jo darzanake binA mAtra kalpanAprasUta haiM ve apramANa haiM / ataH yadi darzana zabdako AtmA Adi padArthoM ke sAmAnyAvalokana arthameM liyA jAtA hai to bhI matabhedakI guMjAiza kama hai / matabheda to usa sAmAnyAvalokanakI vyAkhyA aura nirUpaNa karane meM haiN| eka sundara strIkA mRta zarIra dekhakara virAgI bhikSako saMsArakI asAra dazAkI bhAvanA hotI hai| kAmI puruSa use dekhakara socatA hai ki kadAcita yaha jIvita hotI / to kuttA apanA bhakSya samajhakara prasanna hotA hai| yadyapi darzana tInoMko haA hai, para vyAkhyAe~ judI-judI hai| jahA~taka vastuke darzanakI bAta hai vaha vivAdase pare hai| vAda to zabdoMse zurU hotA hai| yadyapi darzana vastuke binA nahIM hotA aura vahI darzana pramANa mAnA jA sakatA hai jise arthakA bala prApta ho arthAt jo padArthase utpanna huA ho| para yahA~ bhI vahI vivAda upasthita hotA hai ki kauna darzana padArthako sattAkA avinAbhAvI hai tathA kauna padArthake binA kevala kAlpanika hai ? pratyeka yahI kahatA hai ki hamAre darzanane AtmAko usI prakAra dekhA hai jaisA hama kahate haiM, taba yaha nirNaya kaise ho ki yaha darzana vAstavika arthasamudbhUta hai aura yaha darzana mAtra kapolakalpita ? nirvikalpa darzanako pramANa mAnane vAloMne bhI usI nirvikalpakako pramANa mAnA hai jisakI utpatti padArthase huI hai / ataH prazna jyoMkA tyoM hai ki darzana zabdakA vAstavika kyA artha ho sakatA hai ? jaisA ki Upara likhA jA cukA hai ki anantadharmavAle padArthako jJAna karaneke dRSTikoNoMko zabdake dvArA kahaneke prakAra ananta hote haiM / inameM jo dRSTiyA~ vastukA sparza karatI hai tathA anya vastusparzI dRSTiyoMkA samAdara karatI haiM ve satyonmukha haiN| jinameM yaha Agraha hai ki mere dvArA dekhA gayA hI vastutattva saccA aura anya mithyA ve vastusvarUpase parAGmukha hone ke kAraNa visaMvAdinI ho jAtI haiN| isa taraha vastuke svarUpake AdhArase darzana zabdake arthako baiThAnekA prayAsa kathamapi sArthaka ho jAtA hai| jaba vastu svayaM nitya-anitya, eka-aneka, bhAva-abhAva, Adi virodhI dvandvoMkA avirodhI krIDAsthala hai, usameM una sabako milakara rahane meM koI virodha nahIM hai; taba ina dekhanevAloM ( dRSTikoNoM) ko kyoM khurAphAta sUjhatA hai jo unheM eka sAtha nahIM rahane dete ! pratyeka darzanake RSi apanI-apanI dRSTike anusAra vastusvarUpako dekhakara usakA cintana karate haiM aura usI AdhArase vizvavyavasthA baiThAnekA prayAsa karate haiM unakI manana-cintanadhArA itanI tIvra hotI hai ki unheM bhAvanAvaza usa vastukA sAkSAtkAra-jaisA hone lagatA hai| aura isa bhAvanAtmaka sAkSAtkArako hI darzana saMjJA mila jAtI hai| samyagdarzanameM bhI eka darzana zabda hai / jisakA lakSaNa tattvArthasUtra meM tattvArthazraddhAna kiyA gayA hai / yahA~ darzana zabdakA artha spaSTatA zraddhAna hI hai / arthAt tattvoMmeM dRr3ha zraddhA yA zraddhAnakA honA samyagdarzana kahalAtA hai / isa arthase jisakI jisapara dRr3ha zraddhA arthAt tIvra vizvAsa hai vahI usakA darzana hai / aura yaha artha jI ko lagatA bhI hai ki amuka-amuka darzanapraNetA RSiyoMko apane dvArA praNIta tattvapara dRr3ha vizvAsa thaa| vizvAsakI bhUmikAe~ to judI-judI hotI hai| ataH jaba darzana vizvAsako bhUmikApara Akara pratiSThita huA taba usameM matabhedakA honA svAbhAvika bAta hai / aura isI matabhedake kAraNa muNDe -muNDe matibhinnAke jIvita rUpameM aneka darzanoMkI sRSTi huI aura sabhI darzanoMne vizvAsakI bhUmimeM utpanna hokara bhI apanemeM pUrNatA aura sAkSAtkArakA svA~ga bharA aura aneka aparihArya matabhedoMkI sRSTi kI / jinake samarthanake lie zAstrArtha hue, saMgharSa hue aura darzanazAstrake itihAsake pRSTha raktaraMjita kie ge| sabhI darzana vizvAsakI bhUmimeM panapakara bhI apane praNetAoMmeM sAkSAtkAra aura pUrNa jJAnakI bhAvanAko phailAte rahe phalataH jijJAsu sandehake caurAhepara pahu~cakara digbhrAnta hotA gayA / isa taraha darzanoMne apane
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________________ 80 : DaoN0 mahendrakumAra jaina nyAyAcArya smRti-grantha apane vizvAsake anusAra jijJAsuko satya sAkSAtkAra yA tattva sAkSAtkArakA pUrA bharosA to diyA para tattvajJAnake sthAnameM saMzaya hI usake palle pdd'aa| jainadarzanakI dena jainadarzanane isa dizAmeM ullekhayogya mArga-pradarzana kiyA hai| usane zraddhAkI bhUmikApara janma lekara bhI vaha vastusvarUpasparzI vicAra prastuta kiyA hai jisase vaha zraddhAkI bhUmikAse nikalakara tattvasAkSAtkArake raGgamaMcapara paha~cA hai| usane batAyA ki jagatkA pratyeka padArtha malataH eka rUpameM sat hai / pratyeka sat paryAyadaSTise utpanna-vinaSTa hokara bhI dravyakI anAdyananta dhArAmeM pravAhita rahatA hai arthAta na vaha kUTasthanitya hai, na sAtizaya nitya na, anitya / kintu pariNAmI nitya hai / jagatke kisI satkA vinAza nahIM ho sakatA aura na kisI asatkI utpatti / isa taraha svarUpataH padArtha utpAda, vyaya aura dhrauvyAtmaka hai| pratyeka padArtha nityaanitya, eka-aneka, sata-asat jaise aneka virodhI dvandvoMkA avirodhI AdhAra hai| vaha ananta zaktiyoMkA akhaNDa maulika hai / usakA pariNamana pratikSaNa hotA rahatA hai para usakI mUladhArAkA pravAha na to kahIM sUkhatA hai aura na kisI dUsarI dhArAmeM vilIna hI hotA hai| jagatmeM ananta-cetana dravya, ananta acetana dravya, eka dharmadravya, eka AkAzadravya, aura asaMkhyakAladravya apanI-apanI svatantra sattA rakhate haiM / ve kabhI eka dUsare meM vilIna nahIM ho sakate aura apanA maladravyatva nahIM chor3a sakate / pratyeka pratikSaNa pariNAmI hai / usakA pariNamana sadRza bhI hotA hai visadRza bhii| dravyAntarasaMkrAnti inameM kadApi nahIM ho sktii| isa taraha pratyeka cetana acetana-dravya ananta dharmoMkA akhaNDa avibhAgI maulika tattva hai| isI anekAnta-anantadharmA padArthako pratyeka dArzanikane apane-apane dRSTikoNase dekhanekA prayAsa kiyA hai| koI dArzanika vastukI sImAko bhI apanI kalpanAdRSTise lA~gha gae haiN| yathA, vedAnta darzana jagatmeM eka hI sat-brahmakA astitva mAnatA hai| usake matase aneka sat prAtibhAsika hai / eka satkA cetana-acetana, mUrta-amUrta , niSkriya-sakriya Adi viruddha rUpase mAyAvaza pratibhAsa hotA rahatA hai| isI prakAra vijJAnavAda yA zanyavAdane bAhya ghaTa-paTAdi padArthoMkA lopa karake unake pratibhAsako vAsanAjanya batAyA hai / jahA~ taka jaina dArzanikoMne jagatkA avalokana kiyA hai vastukI sthitiko anekadharmAtmaka pAyA, aura isIlie anekAtAtmaka tattvakA unane nirUpaNa kiyaa| vastuke pUrNarUpako anirvacanIya vAGmAnasAgocara yA avaktavya sabhI dArzanikoMne kahA hai / isI vasturUpako vibhinna dRSTikoNoMse jAnane aura kathana karanekA prayAsa bhinna-bhinna dArzanikoMne kiyA hai| jainadarzanane vastumAtrako pariNAmInitya svIkAra kiyaa| koI bhI sat paryAya rUpase utpanna aura vinaSTa hokara bhI dravyarUpase avicchinna rahatA hai, apanI asaGkIrNa sattA rakhatA hai| sAMkhya darzanameM yaha pariNAminityatA prakRti taka hI sImita hai / puruSa tattva inake matameM kUTastha nitya hai / usakA vizva-vyavasthAmeM koI hAtha nahIM hai / prakRti pariNAminI hokara bhI eka hai| eka hI prakRtikA ghaTapaTAdi marta rUpameM aura AkAzAdi amartarUpameM pariNamana hotA hai| yahI prakRti buddhi ahaGkAra jaise cetana bhAvoM rUpase pariNata hotI hai aura yahI prakRti rUparasa gandha Adi jar3abhAva rUpameM / parantu isa prakArake viruddha pariNamana eka hI sAtha eka hI tattvameM kaise sambhava haiM ? yaha to ho sakatA hai ki saMsArameM jitane cetanabhinna padArtha hai ve eka jAtike hoM para eka to nahIM ho sakate / vedAntIne jahA~ cetana-bhinna koI dUsarA tattva svIkAra na karake eka satkA cetana aura acetana, mUrta-amUrta, niSkriya-sakriya, Antara-bAhya Adi anekadhA pratibhAsa mAnA aura dazya jagatakI paramArtha sattA na mAnakara prAtibhAsika sattA hI svIkAra kI vahAM sAMkhya cetanatattvako aneka svatantrasattAka mAnakara bhI, prakRtiko eka svIkAra karatA hai aura usameM viruddha pariNa
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________________ 4 / viziSTa nibandha : 81 noMkI vAstavika sthiti mAnanA cAhatA hai / vedAntIkI viruddha pratibhAsa vAlI bAta kadAcit samajha meM A bhI jAya para sAMkhyakI viruddha pariNamanoMkI vAstavika sthiti spaSTataH bAdhita hai / vedAntakI isa asaGgatikA parihAra to sAMrUpane aneka cetana aura jar3aprakRti mAnakara kiyA ki - 'advaita brahma tattvameM baddha aura mukta caitanya judA-judA kaise ho sakate haiM ? eka hI brahmatattva cetana aura jar3a ina do mahAvirodhI pariNamanoMkA AdhAra kaise bana sakatA hai ?' aneka cetana mAnanese koI baddha aura koI mukta raha sakatA hai| jar3a prakRti mAnanese jar3Atmaka pariNamana prakRti ke ho sakate ? parantu eka akhaNDasattAka prakRti amUrta AkAza bhI bana jAya aura mUrta ghar3A bhI bana jAya / buddhi ahaMkAra bhI bane aura rUparasa bhI bane, so bhI paramArthataH; yaha mahAn virodha sarvathA aparihArya hai / eka sera vajanake ghar3eko phor3akara AdhA-AdhA serake do vajanadAra Thosa Tukar3e kiye jAte haiM jo apanI pRthak Thosa sattA rakhate haiM / yaha vibhAjana ekasattAka prakRtimeM kaise ho sakatA hai / saMsArake yAvat jar3oM meM sattva rajastamasa ina tIna guNoMkA anvaya dekhakara ekajAtIyatA to mAnI jA sakatI hai, ekasattA nahIM / isa taraha sAMkhyakI vizvavyavasthA meM aparihArya asaMgati banI rahatI hai / nyAyavaizeSikoMne jar3atattvakA pRthak-pRthak vibhAjana kiyA / mUrtadravya judA mAne, amUrta judA / pRthivI Adi ananta paramANu svIkAra kie| para ye itane bhedapara utare ki kriyA guNa sambandha sAmAnya Adi pariNamanoM ko bhI svatantra padArtha mAnane lage, yadyapi guNa kriyA sAmAnya AdikI pRthak upalabdhi nahIM hotI aura naye pRthaka siddha hI haiM / vaizeSikako saMpratyopAdhyAya kahA hai / isakI prakRti hai-- jitane pratyaya hoM u padArtha svIkAra kara lenA / 'guNaH guNaH pratyaya' huA to guNa padArtha mAna liyA / 'karma karma pratyaya huA eka svatantra karma padArtha mAnA gyaa| phira ina padArthoMkA dravyake sAtha sambandha sthApitakarane ke lie samavAya nAmakA svatantra padArtha mAnanA par3A / jalameM gandhakI, agnimeM rasakI aura vAyu meM rUpakI anudbhUti dekhakara pRthak pRthak dravya mAne / para vastutaH vaizeSikakA pratyayake AdhArase svatantra padArtha mAnanekA siddhAnta hI galata hai / pratyaya ke AdhArase usake viSayabhUta dharmaM to judA-judA kisI taraha mAne jA sakate haiM, para svatantra padArtha mAnanA kisI taraha yuktisaMgata nahIM hai / isa taraha eka ora vedAntI yA sAMkhyane kramazaH jagatmeM aura prakRtimeM abhedakI kalpanA kI vahA~ vaizeSikane Atyantika bhedako apane darzanakA AdhAra banAyA / upaniSat meM jahA~ vastu ke kUTastha nityatvako svIkAra kiyA gayA hai vahA~ ajita kezakambali jaise ucchedavAdo bhI vidyamAna the / buddhane AtmA ke maraNottara jIvana aura zarIrase usake bhedAbhedako avyAkaraNIya batAyA hai / buddhako Dara thA ki yadi hama AtmA astitvako mAnate haiM to nityAtmavAdakA prasaGga AtA hai aura yadi AtmAkA nAstitva kahate haiM to ucchedavAdakI Apatti AtI haiM / ataH unane ina donoM vAdoMke Darase use avyAkaraNIya kahA hai / anyathA unakA sArA upadeza bhUtavAda ke viruddha AtmavAdakI bhittipara hai hI / jainadarzana vAstava meM bahutvavAdI hai / vaha ananta cetanatattva, ananta pud galadravya-paramANurUpa, eka dharmadravya, eka adharmadravya, eka AkAzadravya aura asaMkhya kAlANudravya isaprakAra ananta vAstavika maulika akhaNDa dravyoMko svIkAra karatA hai / dravya sat-svarUpa hai / pratyeka sat cAhe vaha cetana ho yA cetanetara pariNAmI - nitya hai / usakA paryAyarUpase pariNamana pratikSaNa hotA hI rahatA hai / yaha pariNamana arthaparyAya kahalAtA hai / artha paryAya sadRza bhI hotI hai aura visadRza bhI / zuddha dravyoMkI arthaparyAya sadA ekasI sadRza hotI haiM, para hotI hai avazya / dharmadravya, adharmadravya, kAladravya, AkAzadravya, zuddhajIvadravya inakA pariNamana sadA sadRza hotA hai / pudgalakA pariNamana sadRza bhI hotA hai visadRza bhI / 4-11
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________________ 82 : DaoN. mahendrakumAra jaina nyAyAcArya smRti-grantha jIva aura pudgala ina do dravyoMmeM vaibhAvika zakti hai aura isa zaktike kAraNa inakA visadRza pariNamana bhI hotA hai / jaba jIva zuddha ho jAtA hai taba vilakSaNa pariNamana nahIM hotaa| isa vaibhAvika zaktikA svAbhAvika hI pariNamana hotA hai / tAtparya yaha ki pratyeka sat utpAda, vyaya, dhrauvyazAlI honese pariNAmI nitya hai| do svatantra satmeM rahanevAlA eka koI sAmAnya padArtha nahIM hai| kevala aneka jIvoMko jIvatva nAmaka sAdRzyase saMgraha karake unameM eka jIvadravya vyavahAra kara diyA jAtA hai| isI taraha cetana aura acetana do bhinnajAtIya dravyoMmeM 'sat' nAmakA koI svatantrasattAka padArtha nahIM hai| parantu sabhI dravyoMmeM pariNAminityatva nAmakI sadRzatAke kAraNa 'sata , sat' yaha vyavahAra kara liyA jAtA hai / aneka dravyoMmeM rahanevAlA koI svatantra sat nAmakA koI vastubhUta tattva nahIM hai| jJAna, rUpAdi guNa, utkSepaNa Adi kriyAe~ sAmAnya vizeSa Adi sabhI dravyako avasthAe~ haiM pRthaksattAka padArtha nhiiN| yadi buddha isa vastusthitipara gaharAIse vicAra karate to isa nirUpaNameM na unheM ucchedavAdakA bhaya hotA aura na zAzvatavAdakA / aura jisa prakAra unane AcArake kSetrameM madhyamapratipadAko upAdeya batAyA hai usI taraha ve isa anantadharmA vastutattvake nirUpaNako bhI pariNAminityatAmeM DhAla dete| syAdvAda-jainadarzanane isa taraha sAmAnyarUpase yAvat satko pariNAmInitya mAnA hai| pratyeka sat anantadharmAtmaka hai / usakA pUrNarUpa vacanoMke agocara hai| anekAnta arthakA TarUpase kathana karanevAlI bhASA syAdvAda rUpa hotI hai| usameM jisa dharmakA nirUpaNa hotA hai usake sAtha 'syAt' zabda isalie lagA diyA jAtA hai jisase pUrI vastu usI dharma rUpa na samajha lI jAya / avivakSita zeSadharmokA astitva bhI usameM hai yaha pratipAdana 'syAt' zabdase hotA hai| syAdvAdakA artha hai-syAt-amuka nizcita apekSAse / amuka nizcita apekSAse ghaTa asti ho hai aura amuka nizcita apekSAse ghaTa nAsti hI hai| syAtakA artha na to zAyada hai na saMbhavataH aura na kadAcit hii| 'syAt' zabda sunizcita dRSTikoNakA pratIka hai / isa zabdake arthako purAne matavAdI dArzanikoMne ImAnadArIse samajhanekA prayAsa to nahIM hI kiyA thA kintu Aja bhI vaijJAnika dRSTiko duhAI denevAle darzanalekhaka usI bhrAnta paramparAkA poSaNa karate Ate haiN| syAdvAda-sunayakA nirUpaNa karanevAlI bhASA-paddhati hai| 'syAt' zabda yaha nizcita rUpase batAtA hai ki vastu kevala dharmavAlI hI nahIM hai usameM isake atirikta bhI dharma vidyamAna haiN| tAtparya yaha kiavivakSita zeSa dharmoMkA pratinidhitva syAt zabda karatA hai| 'rUpavAn ghaTaH' yaha vAkya bhI apane bhItara 'syAt' zabdako chipAye hue hai| isakA artha hai ki 'syAt rUpavAn ghaTaH' arthAt cakSu indriyake dvArA grAhya honese yA rUpa guNakI sattA honese ghar3A rUpavAn hai, para rUpavAn hI nahIM hai usameM rasa, gandha, sparza Adi aneka guNa, choTA bar3A Adi aneka dharma vidyamAna hai| ina avivakSita guNadharmoM ke astitvakI rakSA karanevAlA 'syAt' zabda hai / 'syAt'kA artha zAyada yA sambhAvanA nahIM hai kintu nizcaya hai / arthAt ghar3emeM rUpake astitvakI sUcanA to 'rUpavAn' zabda de hI rahA hai para una upekSita zeSa dharmoke astitvakI sUcanA 'syAta' zabdase hotI hai / sArAMza yaha ki 'syAt' zabda 'rUpavAn' ke sAtha nahIM juTatA hai, kintu avivakSita / vaha 'rUpavAn ko pUrI vastupara adhikAra jamAnese rokatA hai aura kaha detA hai ki vastu bahuta bar3I hai usameM rUpa bhI eka hai| aise ananta guNadharma vastumeM laharA rahe haiN| abhI rUpako vivakSA yA dRSTi honese vaha sAmane hai yA zabdase uccarita ho rahA hai so vaha mukhya ho sakatI hai para vahI saba kucha nahIM hai| dUsare kSaNameM rasakI mukhyatA honepara rUpa gauNa ho jAyagA aura vaha avivakSita zeSa dharmoMkI rAzimeM zAmila ho jaaygaa|
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________________ 4 / viziSTa nibandha : 83 'syAta' zabda eka praharI hai, jo uccarita dharma ko idhara-udhara nahIM jAne detaa| vaha una avivakSita dharmoMkA saMrakSaka hai| isalie 'rUpavAn' ke sAtha 'syAt' zabdakA anvaya karake jo loga ghar3emeM rUpako bhI sthitiko syAtakA zAyada yA saMbhAvanA artha karake saMdigdha banAnA cAhate haiM ve bhramameM haiM / isI taraha 'syAdasti ghaTaH' vAkyameM 'ghaTaH asti' yaha astitva aMza ghaTameM sunizcita rUpase vidyamAna hai| syAt zabda usa astitvakI sthiti kamajora nahIM banAtA, kintu usakI vAstavika sthitikI sUcanA dekara anya nAsti Adi dharmoke sadbhAvakA pratinidhitva karatA hai| sArAMza yaha ki 'syAt' pada eka svatantra pada hai jo vastuke zeSAMzakA pratinidhitva karatA hai| use Dara hai ki kahIM 'asti' nAmakA dharma jise zabdase uccarita honeke kAraNa pramukhatA milI hai pUrI vastuko na har3apa jAya, apane anya nAsti Adi sahayogiyoMke sthAnako samApta na kara jAya / isalie vaha prativAkyameM cetAvanI detA rahatA hai ki he bhAI asti, tuma vastuke eka aMza ho, tuma apane anya nAsti Adi bhAiyoMke hakako har3apanekI ceSTA nahIM krnaa| isa bhayakA kAraNa hai-'nitya hI hai, anitya hI hai' Adi aMzavAkyoMne apanA pUrNa adhikAra vastupara jamAkara anadhikAra ceSTA kI hai aura jagatameM aneka tarahase vitaNDA aura saMgharSa utpanna kiye haiN| isake phalasvarUpa padArtha ke sAtha to anyAya huA hI hai, para isa vAda-prativAdane aneka matavAdoMkI sRSTi karake ahaMkAra hiMsA saMgharSa anudAratA paramatAsahiSNutA Adise vizvako azAnta aura AkulanAmaya banA diyA hai| 'syAt' zabda vAkyake usa jaharako nikAla detAha jisase ahaMkArakA sarjana hotA hai aura vastu ke anya dharmoM ke astitvase inakAra karake padArthake sAtha anyAya hotA hai| 'syAt' zabda eka nizcita apekSAko dyotana karake jahA~ 'astitva' dharmakI sthiti sudRr3ha sahetuka banAtA hai, vahA~ vaha usako usa sarvaharA pravRttiko bhI naSTa karatA hai jisase vaha pUrI vastukA mAlika bananA cAhatA hai / vaha nyAyAdhIzakI taraha turanta kaha detA hai ki-he asti, tuma apane adhikArakI sImAko samajho / svadravya-kSetra-kAla-bhAvakI dRSTise jisa prakAra tuma ghaTameM rahate ho, usI taraha paradravyAdikI apekSA 'nAsti' nAmakA tumhArA bhAI bhI usI ghaTameM hai| isI prakAra ghaTakA parivAra bahuta bar3A hai| abhI tumhArA nAma lekara pukArA gayA hai isakA itanA hI artha hai ki isa samaya tumase kAma hai, tumhArA prayojana hai, tamhArI vivakSA hai / ataH isa samaya tuma mukhya ho| para isakA yaha artha kadApi nahIM hai jo tuma apane samAnAdhikArI bhAiyoMke sadbhAvako bhI naSTa karanekA duSprayAsa kro| vAstavika bAta to yaha hai ki yadi parakI apekSA 'nAsti' dharma na ho to jisa ghar3emeM tuma rahate ho vaha ghar3A ghar3A hI na rahegA kapar3A Adi pararUpa ho jAyagA / ataH jaisI tumhArI sthiti hai vaisI hI para rUpakI apekSA 'nAsti' dharmakI bhI sthiti hai / tuma unakI hiMsA na kara sako isake lie ahiMsAkA pratIka 'syAt' zabda tumase pahale hI vAkyameM lagA diyA jAtA hai| bhAI asti, yaha tumhArA doSa nahIM hai| tuma to barAbara apane nAsti Adi ananya bhAiyoMko vastameM rahane dete ho aura baDe premase sabake saba ananta dharmabhAI rahate ho, para ina vastudarziyoMkI dRSTiko kyA kahA jAya / inakI daSTi hI ekAGgI hai| ye zabdake dvArA tumameMse kisI eka 'asti' Adiko mukhya karake usakI sthiti itanI ahaMkArapUrNa kara denA cAhate haiM jisase vaha 'asti' anyakA nirAkaraNa karane laga jaay| basa, 'syAta' zabda eka aJjana hai jo unakI dRSTiko vikRta nahIM hone detA aura use nirmala tathA pUrNadarzI banAtA hai| isa avivakSitasaMrakSaka, dRSTiviSahArI, zabdako sudhArUpa banAnevAle, sacetaka praharI, ahiMsaka bhAvanAke pratIka. jIvanta nyAyarUpa, sunizcita-apekSAdyotaka 'syAt' zabdake svarUpake sAtha hamAre dArzanikoMne nyAya to kiyA hI nahIM kintu usake svarUpako 'zAyada, saMbhava hai, 'kadAcit' jaise bhraSTa paryAyoMse vikRta karanekA daSTa prayala avazya kiyA hai tathA kiyA jA rahA hai /
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________________ 84 : DaoN0 mahendrakumAra jaina nyAyAcArya smRti grantha sabase thothA tarka to yaha diyA jAtA hai ki 'ghar3A jaba 'asti' hai to 'nAsti' kaise ho sakatA hai, ghar3A jaba eka hai to aneka kaise ho sakatA hai, yaha to pratyakSa virodha hai' para vicAra to karo ghar3A ghar3A hI hai, kapar3A nahIM, kurasI nahIM, Tebila nahIM, gAya nahIM, ghor3A nahIM, tAtparya yaha ki vaha ghaTabhinna ananta padArtha - rUpa nahIM hai / to yaha kahane meM Apako kyoM saMkoca hotA hai ki 'ghar3A apane svarUpase asti hai, ghaTabhinna pararUpoMse nAsti hai / isa ghar3e meM ananta pararUpoMkI apekSA 'nAstitva' dharma hai, nahIM to duniyA meM koI zakti ghar3e ko kapar3A Adi bananese nahIM roka sakatI / yaha 'nAsti' dharma hI ghar3eko ghar3e rUpameM kAyama rakhanekA hetu hai / isI 'nAsti' dharmaMkI sUcanA 'asti' ke prayogake samaya 'syAt' zabda de detA hai / isI taraha ghar3A eka hai | para vahI ghar3A rUpa rasa gandha sparza choTA bar3A halakA bhArI Adi ananta zaktiyoM kI dRSTise anekarUpameM dikhAI detA hai yA nahIM ? yaha Apa svayaM batAveM / yadi aneka rUpameM dikhAI detA hai to Apako yaha kahane meM kyA kaSTa hotA hai ki ghar3A dravya eka hai, para apane guNa dharma zakti AdikI dRSTise aneka haiM' / kRpAkara socie ki vastumeM jaba aneka virodhI dharmokA pratyakSa ho hI rahA hai aura svayaM vastu ananta virodhI dharmokA avirodhI krIDAsthala hai taba hameM usake svarUpako vikRta rUpameM dekhanekI durdRSTi to nahIM karanI cAhie / jo 'syAt' zabda vastuke isa pUrNa rUpa-darzanakI yAda dilAtA hai use hI hama 'virodha, saMzaya ' -- jaisI gAliyoMse duradurAte haiM, kimAzcaryamataH param / yahA~ dharmakIrtikA yaha zlokAMza dhyAna meM A jAtA hai ki'yadIyaM svayamarthebhyo rocate tatra ke vayam |' arthAt -- yadi yaha aneka dharmarUpatA vastuko svayaM pasanda hai, usameM hai, vastu svayaM rAjI hai, to hama bIca meM kAjI bananevAle kauna ? jagatkA eka-eka kaNa isa anantadharmatAkA AkAra hai / hameM apanI dRSTi nirmala aura vizAla banAnekI AvazyakatA hai / vastumeM koI virodha nahIM hai / virodha hamArI dRSTimeM hai / aura isa dRSTivirodhI amRtauSadhi 'syAt' zabda hai, jo rogIko kaTu to jarUra mAlUma hotI hai, para isake binA yaha dRSTi viSamajvara utara bhI nahIM sakatA / pro0 baladeva upAdhyAyane bhAratIya darzana ( pR0 155 ) meM syAdvAdakA artha batAte hue likhA hai ki - " syAt ( zAyada, sambhavataH ) zabda as dhAtuke vidhiliGke rUpakA tiGanta pratirUpaka avyaya mAnA hai | ghar3e viSaya meM hamArA parAmarza' 'syAdasti = saMbhavataH yaha vidyamAna hai' isI rUpameM honA cAhie / " yahA~ 'syAt' zabdako zAyadakA paryAyavAcI to upAdhyAyajI svIkAra nahIM karanA cAhate / isIlie ve zAyada zabdako koSThaka meM likhakara bhI Age 'saMbhavata: ' zabdakA samarthana karate haiM / vaidika AcAryoMmeM zaMkarAcArya ne zAMkarabhASyameM syAdvAdako saMzayarUpa likhA hai, isakA saMskAra Aja bhI kucha vidvAnoMke mAthemeM par3A huA hai aura ve usa saMskAravaza syAtkA artha 'zAyada' likha hI jAte haiM / jaba yaha spaSTa rUpase avadhAraNa karake kahA jAtA hai ki-'ghaTaH syAdasti' arthAt ghar3A apane svarUpase hai hI / ghaTaH syAnnAsti-ghaTa svabhinna svarUpase nahIM hI hai' taba saMzayako sthAna kahA~ hai ? syAt zabdase jisa dharmakA pratipAdana kiyA jA rahA hai usase bhinna anya dharmo sadbhAvako sUcita karatA hai / vaha prati samaya zrotAko yaha sUcanA denA cAhatA hai ki vaktAke zabdoMse vastuke jisa svarUpakA nirUpaNa ho rahA hai vastu utanI hI nahIM hai unameM anya dharma bhI vidyamAna haiM / jaba ki saMzaya aura zAyadameM eka bhI dharma nizcita nahIM hotA / jainake anekAntameM ananta dharma nizcita haiM, unake dRSTikoNa nizcita haiM taba saMzaya aura zAyadakI usa bhrAnta paramparAko Aja bhI apaneko taTastha mAnanevAle vidvAn bhI calAe jAte haiM yaha rUr3hivAdakA hI mAhAtmya hai / isI saMskAravaza pro0 baladevajI syAt ke paryAyavAciyoMmeM zAyada zabdako likhakara ( pR0 173 ) jainadarzanakI samIkSA karate samaya zaMkarAcArya kI vakAlata ina zabdoMmeM karate haiM ki - "yaha nizcita hI hai ki
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________________ 4 / viziSTa nibandha : 85 isI samanvaya dRSTise vaha padArthoMke vibhinna rUpoM kA samIkaraNa karatA jAtA to samagra vizva meM anusyUta parama tattva taka avazya hI pahu~ca jaataa| isI dRSTiko dhyAna meM rakhakara zaMkarAcAryane isa 'syAdvAda' kA mArmika khaNDana apane zArIraka bhASya (2, 2, 33 ) meM prabala yuktiyoMke sahAre kiyA hai / " para upAdhyAyajI, jaba Apa syAtkA artha nizcita rUpase 'saMzaya' nahIM mAnate, taba zaMkarAcArya ke khaNDanakA mArmikatva kyA raha jAtA hai ? Apa kRpAkara sva0 mahAmahopAdhyAya DaoN0 gaMgAnAtha jhAke ina vAkyoMko dekheM- 'jabase maiMne zaMkarAcArya dvArA jaina siddhAntakA khaMDana par3hA hai, tabase mujhe vizvAsa huA hai ki isa siddhAntameM bahuta kucha hai jise vedAntake AcAryoMne nahIM samajhA / " zrI phaNibhUSaNa adhikArI to aura spaSTa likhate haiM ki- "jainadharmake syAdvAda siddhAntako jitanA galata samajhA gayA hai utanA kisI anya siddhAntako nahIM / yahA~ taka ki zaMkarA - cArya bhI isa doSa se mukta nahIM haiM / unhoMne bhI isa siddhAntake prati anyAya kiyA hai / yaha bAta alpajJa puruSoMke lie kSamya ho sakatI thI / kintu yadi mujhe kahanekA adhikAra hai to maiM bhAratake isa mahAn vidvAn ke lie to akSamya hI kahU~gA, yadyapi maiM isa maharSiko atIva AdarakI dRSTise dekhatA hU~ / aisA jAna par3atA hai unhoMne isa dharmake darzanazAstra ke mUla granthoMke adhyayanakI paravAha nahIM kI / " jainadarzana syAdvAda siddhAnta ke anusAra vastusthitike AdhArase samanvaya karatA hai / jo dharma vastu vidyamAna haiM unhIMkA samanvaya ho sakatA hai / jainadarzanako Apa vAstava bahutvavAdI likha Aye haiM / aneka svatantra sat vyavahAra ke lie sadrUpase eka kahe jAya~, para vaha kAlpanika ekatva vastu nahIM ho sakatA ? yaha kaise sambhava hai ki vetana aura acetana donoM hI eka satke prAtibhAsika vivarta hoM / jisa kAlpanika samanvayakI ora upAdhyAyajI saMketa karate haiM usa ora bho jaina dArzanikoMne prArambhase hI dRSTipAta kiyA hai / parama saMgrahanayakI dRSTise sadrUpase yAvat cetana-acetana dravyoMkA saMgraha karake 'eka sat' isa zabdavyavahArake honemeM jaina dArzanikoMko koI Apatti nahIM hai| saikar3oM kAlpanika vyavahAra hote haiM, para isase maulika tattvavyavasthA nahIM kI jA sakatI ? eka deza yA eka rASTra apanemeM kyA vastu hai ? samayasamayapara honevAlI buddhigata daizika ekatAke sivAya ekadeza yA ekarASTrakA svatantra astitva hI kyA hai ? astitva judA-judA bhUkhaNDoMkA apanA hai / usameM vyavahArakI suvidhAke lie prAnta aura deza saMjJAe~ jaise kAlpanika haiM, vyavahArasatya hai, usI taraha eka sat yA eka brahma kAlpanikasat hokara vyavahArasatya bana sakatA hai aura kalpanAkI daur3akA carama bindu bhI ho sakatA hai para usakA tattvasat yA paramArthasat honA nitAnta asambhava hai / Aja vijJAna eTama takakA vizleSaNa kara cukA hai aura saba maulika aNuoMkI pRthak sattA svIkAra karatA hai / unameM abheda aura itanA bar3A abheda jisameM cetana-acetana, mUrta-amUrta Adi sabhI lIna ho jAya~ kalpanAsAmrAjyakI antima koTi hai / aura isa kalpanAkoTiko paramArthasat na mAnaneke kAraNa yadi jainadarzanakA syAdvAda siddhAnta Apako mUlabhUta tattvake svarUpa samajhAne meM nitAnta asamartha pratIta hotA hai to ho, para vaha vastusImAkA ullaMghana nahIM kara sakatA aura na kalpanAlokakI lambI daur3a hI lagA sakatA hai| syAt zabdako upAdhyAyajI saMzayakA paryAyavAcI nahIM mAnate yaha to prAyaH nizcita hai kyoMki Apa svayaM likhate haiM ( pR0 173 ) ki - " yaha anekAntavAda saMzayavAdakA rUpAntara nahIM hai; " para Apa use saMbhavavAda avazya kahanA cAhate haiM / parantu syAtkA artha 'saMbhavataH ' karanA bhI nyAyasaMgata nahIM hai, kyoMki saMbhAvanA saMzaya meM jo koTiyA~ upasthita hotI haiM unakI 'ardhanizcitatA' kI ora saMketamAtra hai, nizcaya usase bhinna hI hai / upAdhyAyajI syAdvAdako saMzayavAda aura nizcayavAdake bIca saMbhAvanAvAdakI jagaha rakhanA
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________________ 86 : DaoN0 mahendrakumAra jaina nyAyAcAryaM smRti grantha cAhate haiM jo eka anadhyavasAyAtmaka anizcayake samAna hai / parantu jaba syAdvAda spaSTa rUpase DaMke kI coTa yaha kaha rahA hai ki ghar3A 'syAdasti' arthAt apane svarUpa, apane kSetra, apane kAla aura apane AkAra isa svacatuSTayakI apekSA hai hI yaha nizcita avadhAraNa hai / ghar3A svase bhinna yAvat para padArthoMkI dRSTise nahIM hI hai yaha bhI nizcita avadhAraNa hai| isa taraha jaba donoM dharmoMkA apane-apane dRSTikoNase ghar3A avirodhI AdhAra hai taba ghar3e ko hama ubhayadRSTise asti nAsti rUpa bhI nizcita hI kahate haiN| para zabda meM yaha sAmarthya nahIM hai ki ghaTake pUrNarUpako - jisameM 'asti nAsti' jaise eka-aneka, nitya- anitya Adi anekoM yugala-dharma laharA rahe haiM----kaha sake ataH samagrabhAvase ghar3A avaktavya hai| isa prakAra jaba syAdvAda sunizcita dRSTikoNoMse tattat dharmoke vAstavika nizcayakI ghoSaNA karatA hai taba ise sambhAvanAvAda meM kaise rakhA jA sakatA hai ? syAt zabdake sAtha hI evakAra bhI lagA rahatA hai jo nirdiSTa dharmakA avadhAraNa sUcita karatA hai tathA syAt zabda usa nirdiSTa dharmase atirikta anya dharmokI nizcita sthitikI sUcanA detA hai| jisase zrotA yaha na samajha le ki vastu isI dharmarUpa hai / yaha syAdvAda kalpita dharmotaka vyavahArake lie bhale hI pahu~ca jAya, para vastuvyavasthAke lie vastukI sImAko nahIM lA~ghatA / ataH na yaha saMzayavAda hai, na anizcayavAda aura na saMbhAvanAvAda hI, kintu kharA apekSAprayukta nizcayavAda hai / isI taraha DaoN0 devarAjajI kA pUrvI aura pazcimI darzana ( pRSTha 65 ) meM kiyA gayA syAt zabdakA 'kadAcit' anuvAda bhI bhrAmaka hai / kadAcit zabda kAlApekSa hai / isakA sIdhA artha hai kisI samaya / aura - pracalita artha meM yaha saMzayakI ora hI jhukAtA hai / syAtkA prAcIna artha hai kathaJcit - arthAt kisI nizcita prakArase, spaSTa zabdoM meM amuka nizcita dRSTikoNase / isa prakAra apekSAprayukta nizcayavAda hI syAdvAdakA abhrAnta vAcyArtha hai / mahApaMDita rAhula sAMkRtyAyanane tathA itaH pUrvaM pro0 jaikobI Adine syAdvAdakI utpattiko saMjaya velaTThaputtake tase batAne kA prayatna kiyA hai| rAhulajIne 'darzana digdarzana ( pR0 496 ) ' meM likhA hai ki"Adhunika jainadarzanakA AdhAra syAdvAda hai / jo mAlUma hotA hai saMjaya velaTThiputtake cAra aMgavAle anekAntavAdako lekara use sAta aMgavAlA kiyA gayA hai| saMjayane tattvoM ( paraloka devatA ) ke bAremeM bhI nizcayAtmaka rUpase kahane se inkAra karate hue usa inkArako cAra prakAra kahA hai kucha isakI 1 - hai ? nahIM kaha sakatA / 2- nahIM hai ? nahIM kaha sakatA / 3 - hai bhI aura nahIM bhI ? nahIM kaha sakatA / 4na hai aura na nahIM hai ? nahIM kaha sakatA / tulanA 'kIjiye jainoMke sAta prakArake syAdvAdase1 - hai ? ho sakatA syAdasti ) 2- nahIM hai ? nahIM bhI ho sakatA hai ( syAnnAsti ) 3 hai bhI aura nahIM bhI ? hai bhI aura nahIM bhI ho sakatA ( syAdasti ca nAsti ca ) ukta tInoM uttara kyA kahe jA sakate haiM ( = vaktavya haiM ) ? isakA uttara jaina 'nahIM' meM dete haiM4-syAd ( ho sakatA hai) kyA yaha kahA jA sakatA ( = vaktavya ) hai ? nahIM, syAd avaktavya hai / 5- ' syAdasti' kyA yaha vaktavya hai ? nahIM, 'syAd asti' avaktavya hai /
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________________ 6 - ' syAd nAsti ' kyA yaha vaktavya hai ? nahIM, 'syAd nAsti' avaktavya hai / 7- ' syAd asti ca nAsti ca' kyA yaha vaktavya hai ? nahIM 'syAdasti ca nAsti ca' a-vaktavya hai / 4 / viziSTa nibandha : 87 donoM ke milAnese mAlUma hogA ki jainoMne saMjayake pahilevAle tIna vAkyoM ( prazna aura uttara donoM ) ko alaga karake apane syAdvAdakI chaha bhaMgiyA~ banAI haiM aura usake cauthe vAkya 'na hai aura na nahIM hai' ko jor3akara 'syAd' bhI avaktavya hai, yaha sAtavA~ bhaMga taiyArakara apanI saptabhaMgI pUrI kI / ..... isa prakAra eka bhI siddhAnta = vAda ) kI sthApanA na karanA jo ki saMjayakA vAda thA, usIko saMjayake anuyAyiyoM ke lupta ho jAnepara jainoMne apanA liyA aura usako catubhaMgI nyAyako saptabhaMgI meM pariNata kara diyA / " rAhulajI ne ukta sandarbha meM saptabhaMgI aura syAdvAda ke naye matakI sRSTi kI hai / yaha to aisA ho hai jaise ki corase vaha kahe ki maiM nahIM kaha sakatA ki gayA thA" aura jaja jagaha gayA thA / taba zabdasAmya dekhakara yaha kahanA ki jajakA phaisalA corake bayAna se nikalA hai / svarUpako na samajhakara kevala zabdasAmyase eka "kyA tuma amuka jagaha gaye the ? yaha pUchane para anya pramANoMse yaha siddha kara de ki cora amuka saMjayavelaTThiputta ke darzanakA vivecana svayaM rAhulajIne ( pR0 491 ) ina zabdoM meM kiyA hai - "yadi Apa pUcheM-- 'kyA paraloka hai ?' to yadi maiM samajhatA hoU~ ki paraloka hai to Apako batalAU~ ki paraloka hai / maiM aisA bhI nahIM kahatA, vaisA bhI nahIM kahatA, dUsarI tarahase bhI nahIM kahatA / maiM yaha bhI nahIM kahatA ki vaha nahIM hai / maiM yaha bhI nahIM kahatA ki vaha nahIM nahIM hai / paraloka nahIM hai / paraloka nahIM nahIM hai / paraloka hai bhI aura nahIM bhI hai / paraloka na hai aura na nahIM hai / " saMjayake paraloka, devatA, karmaphala aura muktike sambandhake ye vicAra zatapratizata anizcayavAdake haiM / vaha spaSTa kahatA hai ki--"yadi maiM jAnatA hoU~ to batAU~ / " saMjayako paraloka mukti Adike svarUpakA kucha bhI nizcaya nahIM thA isalie usakA darzana vakaula rAhulajIke mAnavakI sahajabuddhiko bhramameM nahIM DAlanA cAhatA aura na kucha nizcayakara bhrAnta dhAraNAoMkI puSTi hI karanA cAhatA hai / tAtparya yaha ki saMjaya ghora anizcayavAdI thA / buddha aura saMjaya - buddhane "loka nitya hai', anitya hai, nitya-anitya hai, na nitya, na anitya hai; loka antavAn hai', nahIM hai, hai - nahIM hai, na hai na nahIM hai; nirvANake bAda tathAgata hote haiM', nahIM hote, hote nahIM hote, na hote na nahIM hote; jIva zarIrase bhinna hai', jIva zarIrase bhinna nahIM hai / " ( mAdhyamika vRtti pR0 446 ) ina caudaha vastuoMko avyAkRta kahA hai / majjhimanikAya ( 2 / 2 / 3 ) meM inakI saMkhyA daza hai / isameM Adike do praznoMmeM tIsarA aura cauthA vikalpa nahIM ginA gayA hai / inake avyAkRta honekA kAraNa buddhane batAyA hai ki inake bAremeM kahanA sArthaka nahIM, bhikSucaryA ke liye upayogI nahIM, na yaha nirveda nirodha zAnti yA paramajJAna nirvANake liye Avazyaka hai / tAtparya yaha ki buddhakI dRSTimeM inakA jAnanA mumukSuke lie Avazyaka nahIM thA / dUsare zabdoM meM buddha bhI saMjayakI taraha, inake bAremeM kucha kahakara mAnavakI sahaja buddhiko bhramameM nahIM DAlanA cAhate the aura na bhrAnta dhAraNAoM ko puSTa hI karanA cAhate the / hA~, saMjaya jaba apanI ajJAnatA yA anizcayako sApha-sApha zabdoM meM kaha detA hai ki yadi maiM jAnatA hoU~ to batAU~, taba buddha apane jAnane-na jAnanekA ullekha na karake usa rahasyako ziSyoMke lie anupayogI batAkara apanA pIchA chur3A lete haiM / kisI bhI tArkikakA yaha prazna abhI taka asamAhita hI raha jAtA hai ki isa
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________________ 88 : DaoN. mahendrakumAra jaina nyAyAcArya smRti-grantha avyAkRtatA aura saMjayake anizcayavAdameM kyA antara hai? sivAya isake ki saMjaya phakkar3akI taraha kharIkharI bAta kaha detA hai aura buddha bar3e AdamiyoMkI zAlInatAkA nirvAha karate haiN| buddha aura saMjaya hI kyA, usa samayake vAtAvaraNameM AtmA loka paraloka aura muktike svarUpake sambandhameM-'hai ( sat ), nahIM ( asat ), hai-nahIM (sadasat ubhaya), na hai na nahIM hai (avaktavya yA anubhy)|' ye cAra koTiyA~ gaMja rahI thiiN| koI bhI prAznika kisI bhI tIrthaGkara yA AcAryase binA kisI saMkocake apane praznako eka sA~sameM hI ukta cAra koTiyoMmeM vibhAjita karake hI pUchatA thaa| jisa prakAra Aja koI bhI prazna majadUra aura pUMjIpati zoSaka aura zoSyake dvandvakI chAyAmeM hI sAmane AtA hai, usI prakAra usa samaya AtmA Adi atIndriya padArthoM ke prazna sat asat ubhaya aura anubhaya-anirvacanIya isa catuSkoTimeM AveSTita rahate the| upaniSad yA RgvedameM isa catuSkoTike darzana hote haiN| vizvake svarUpake sambandhameM asatse sat huA ? yA satse sat huA? yA sadasat donoM rUpase anirvacanIya hai ? ityAdi prazna upaniSad aura vedameM barAbara upalabdha hote hai ? aisI dazAmeM rAhulajIkA syAdvAdake viSayameM yaha phatavA de denA ki saMjayake praznoMke zabdoMse yA usakI caturbhaGgIko tor3amaror3akara saptabhaGgI banI-kahA~ taka ucita hai, yaha ve svayaM vicAreM / buddhake samakAlIna jo chaha tIthika the unameM mahAvIra niggaNTha nAthaputrakI, sarvajJa aura sarvadarzIke rUpameM prasiddhi thii| ve sarvajJa aura sarvadarzI the yA nahIM yaha isa samayakI caracAkA viSa para ve viziSTa tattvavicAraka the aura kisI bhI praznako saMjayakI taraha anizcaya koTi yA vikSepa' koTimeM yA buddha kI taraha avyAkRta koTimeM DAlanevAle nahIM the aura na ziSyoMkI sahaja jijJAsAko anupayogitAke bhayaprada cakkarameM DubA denA cAhate the| unakA vizvAsa thA ki saMghake pa~camela vyakti jaba taka vastutattvakA ThIka nirNaya nahIM kara lete taba taka unameM bauddhika dRr3hatA aura mAnasabala nahIM A sktaa| ve sadA apane samAnazIla anya saMghake bhikSuoMke sAmane apanI bauddhika dInatAke kAraNa hataprabha raheMge aura isakA asara usake jIvana aura AcArapara Aye binA nahIM rhegaa| ve apane ziSyoMko pardebanda padmaniyoMkI taraha jagatke svarUpa-vicArakI bAhya havAse aparicita nahIM rakhanA cAhate the, kintu cAhate the ki pratyeka prANI apanI sahaja jijJAsA aura mananazaktikA vastuke yathArtha svarUpake vicArakI ora lagAve / na unheM buddhakI taraha yaha bhaya vyApta thA ki yadi AtmAke sambandhameM 'hai' kahate haiM to zAzvatavAda arthAt upaniSadvAdiyoMkI taraha loga nityatvakI ora jhuka jAyeMge aura nahIM kahanese ucchedavAda arthAt cArvAkakI taraha nAstitvakA prasaMga prApta hogA / ataH isa praznako avyAkRta rakhanA hI zreSTha hai / ve cAhate the ki maujUda tarkokA aura saMzayoMkA samAdhAna vastusthitike AdhArase honA hI cAhiye / ataH unhoMne vastusvarUpakA anubhavakara yaha batAyA ki jagatkA pratyeka sat cAhe vaha cetanajAtIya ho yA acetanajAtIya, parivartanazIla hai| vaha nisargataH pratikSaNa parivartita hotA rahatA hai, usakI paryAya badalatI rahatI hai, usakA pariNamana kabhI sadRza bhI hotA hai, kabhI visadRza bhI / para pariNamanasAmAnyake prabhAvase koI bhI achUtA nahIM rhtaa| yaha eka maulika niyama hai ki kisI bhI satkA vizvase sarvathA uccheda nahIM ho sakatA, yaha parivartita hokara bhI apanI maulikatA yA sattAko nahIM kho sktaa| eka paramANu hai vaha hAiDrojana bana jAya, jala bana jAya, bhApa bana jAya, phira pAnI ho jAya, pathivI bana jAya, aura ananta AkRtiyA~ yA paryAyoMko dhAraNa kara le, para apane dravyatva yA maulikatvako nahIM kho sktaa| kisIkI tAkata nahIM jo usa paramANukI hastI yA astitvako miTA ske| tAtparya yaha ki jagatmeM jitane 'sat' hai utane bane raheMge / unameMse eka bhI kama nahIM ho sakatA, eka-dUsare meM vilIna nahIM 1. pro0 dharmAnanda kosAmbIne saMjayake vAdako vikSepavAda saMjJA dI hai / dekho-bhAratIya saMskRti aura ahiMsA, pR0 47 /
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________________ 4 / viziSTa nibandha : 89 ho sakatA / isI taraha na koI nayA 'sat' utpanna ho sakatA hai| jitane haiM unakA hI ApasI saMyogaviyogoMke AdhArase yaha vizva jagat ( 'gacchatIti jagat' arthAt nAnA rUpoMkA prApta honA) banatA rahatA hai / tAtparya yaha ki - vizvameM jitane sat haiM unameM se na to eka kama ho sakatA hai aura na eka bar3ha sakatA hai / ananta jar3a paramANu ananta AtmAe~, eka dharmadravya, eka adharma dravya, eka AkAza, aura asaMkhya kAlANu itane sat haiM / inameM dharma adharma AkAza aura kAla apane svAbhAvika rUpameM sadA vidyamAna rahate haiM, unakA vilakSaNa pariNamana nahIM hotA / isakA artha yaha nahIM hai ki ye kUTastha nitya haiM, kintu inakA pratikSaNa jo pariNamana hotA hai vaha sadRza svAbhAvika pariNamana hI hotA hai / AtmA aura pudgala ye do dravya eka-dUsareko prabhAvita karate haiM / jisa samaya AtmA zuddha ho jAtA hai usa samaya vaha bhI apane pratikSaNabhAvI svAbhAvika pariNamanakA 'svAmI rahatA hai, usameM vilakSaNa pariNati nahIM hotii| jaba taka AtmA azuddha hai taba taka hI isake pariNamanapara sajAtIya jIvAntarakA aura vijAtIya pudgalakA prabhAva Anese vilakSaNatA AtI hai / isakI nAnArUpatA pratyekako svAnubhavasiddha hai / jar3a pudgala hI eka aisA vilakSaNa dravya hai jo sadA sajAtIyase bhI prabhAvita hotA hai aura vijAtIya cetanase bhI / isI pudgala dravyakA camatkAra Aja vijJAnake dvArA hama sabake sAmane prastuta hai / isIke hInAdhika saMyoga-viyogoMke phalasvarUpa asaMkhya AviSkAra ho rahe haiM / vidyut zabda Adi isIke rUpAntara haiM, isIkI zaktiyA~ haiM / jIvakI azuddha dazA isIke saMparkase hotI hai / anAdise jIva aura pudgalakA aisA saMyoga hai jo paryAyAntara lenepara bhI jIva isake saMyogase mukta nahIM ho pAtA aura usameM vibhAva pariNamana - rAga dveSa moha ajJAnarUpa dazAe~ hotI rahatI haiM / jaba yaha jIva apanI cAritrasAdhanA dvArA itanA samartha aura svarUpapratiSTha ho jAtA hai ki usapara bAhya jagatkA koI bhI prabhAva na par3a sake to vaha mukta ho jAtA hai aura apane ananta caitanya meM sthira ho jAtA hai / yaha mukta jIva apane pratikSaNa parivartita svAbhAvika caitanyameM lIna rahatA hai / phira usameM azuddha dazA nahIM hotI / antataH pudgala paramANu hI aise haiM jinameM zuddha yA azuddha kisI bhI dazAmeM dUsare saMyogake AdhArase nAnA AkRtiyA~ aura aneka pariNamana saMbhava haiM tathA hote rahate haiM / isa jagat vyavasthA meM kisI eka Izvara-jaise niyantAkA koI sthAna nahIM hai, yaha to apane-apane saMyoga-viyogoMse pariNamanazIla hai| pratyeka padArthakA apanA sahaja svabhAvajanya pratikSaNabhAvI pariNamanacakra cAlU hai / yadi koI dUsarA saMyoga A par3A aura usa dravyane isake prabhAvaSat AtmasAta kiyA to pariNamana tatprabhAvita ho jAyagA, anyathA vaha apanI gatise badalatA calA jAyagA / hAiDrojanakA eka aNu apanI gatise pratikSaNa hAiDrojana rUpameM badala rahA hai| yadi AksIjanakA aNu usameM AjuTa to donoMkA jalarUpa pariNamana ho jAyagA / ve eka 'bindu' rUpase sadRza saMyukta pariNamana kara leMge / yadi kisI vaijJAnika vizleSaNa prayogakA nimitta milA to ve donoM phira judA-judA bhI ho sakate haiM / yadi agnikA saMyoga mila gayA bhApha bana jAyeMge / yadi sA~pake mukhakA saMyoga milA viSabindu ho jAyeMge / tAtparyaM yaha ki yaha vizva sAdhAraNatayA pudgala aura azuddha jovake nimitta - naimittika sambandhakA vAstavika udyAna hai / pariNamanacakrapara pratyeka dravya car3hA huA hai / vaha apano ananta yogyatAoM ke anusAra ananta pariNamanoM ko kramaza: dhAraNa karatA hai / samasta 'sat' ke samudAyakA nAma loka yA vizva hai / isa dRSTise aba Apa lokake zAzvata aura azAzvatavAle praznako vicArie - 1- kyA loka zAzvata hai ? hA~, loka zAzvata hai / dravyoMkI saMkhyAko dRSTise, arthAt jitane sat isameM haiM unameMkA eka bhI sat kama nahIM ho sakatA aura na unameM kisI naye satkI vRddhi hI ho sakatI hai / 4-12
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________________ 90 : DaoN0 mahendrakumAra jaina nyAyAcArya smRti-grantha na eka sat dUsaremeM vilIna hI ho sakatA hai| kabhI bhI aisA samaya nahIM A sakatA jo isake aMgabhUta dravyoMkA lopa ho jAya yA ve samApta ho jAya~ / 2- kyA loka azAzvata hai ? hA~, loka azAzvata hai, aGgabhUta dravyoMke pratikSaNabhAvI pariNamanoMkI dRSTi ? arthAt jitane sat haiM ve pratikSaNa sadRza yA visadRza pariNamana karate rahate haiM / isameM do kSaNa taka ThaharanevAlA koI pariNamana nahIM hai / jo hameM aneka kSaNa ThaharanevAlA pariNamana dikhAI detA hai vaha pratikSaNabhAvI sadRza pariNamanakA sthUla dRSTise avalokanamAtra hai / isa taraha satata parivartanazIla saMyoga-viyogoM kI dRSTise vicAra kIjiye to loka azAzvata hai, anitya hai, pratikSaNa parivartita hai / 3- kyA loka zAzvata aura azAzvata donoM rUpa hai ? hA~, kramazaH uparyukta donoM dRSTiyoMse vicAra kIjie to loka zAzvata bhI hai ( dravyadRSTise ), azAzvata bhI hai ( paryAyadRSTise ) / donoM dRSTikoNoMko kramazaH prayukta karanepara aura una donoMpara sthUla dRSTise vicAra karanepara jagat ubhayarUpa hI pratibhAsita hotA hai / 4- kyA loka zAzvata aura azAzvata donoM rUpa nahIM hai ? Akhira usakA pUrNa rUpa kyA hai ? hA~, lokakA pUrNarUpa avaktavya haiM, nahIM kahA jA sakatA / koI zabda aisA nahIM jo eka sAtha zAzvata aura azAzvata ina donoM svarUpoM ko tathA usameM vidyamAna anya ananta dharmoko yugapat kaha sake / ataH zabdakI asAmarthya ke kAraNa jagatkA pUrNarUpa avaktavya hai, anubhaya hai, vacanAtIta hai / isa nirUpaNa meM Apa dekheMge ki vastukA pUrNarUpa vacanoMke agocara hai, anirvacanIya yA avaktavya hai / yaha cauthA uttara vastuke pUrNa rUpako yugapat kahane kI dRSTise hai / para vahI jagat zAzvata kahA jAtA hai dravyadRSTise, azAzvata kahA jAtA hai paryAyadRSTise / isa taraha mUlataH cauthA, pahilA aura dUsarA ye tIna hI prazna maulika haiN| tIsarA ubhayarUpatAkA prazna to prathama aura dvitIyake saMyogarUpa hai / aba Apa vicAroM ki saMjayane jaba lokake zAzvata aura azAzvata Adike bAremeM spaSTa kaha diyA ki maiM jAnatA hoU~ to batAU~ aura buddhane kaha diyA ki inake cakkarameM na par3o, isakA jAnanA upayogI nahIM taba mahAvIrane una praznoMkA vastusthitike anusAra yathArthaM uttara diyA aura ziSyoMkI jijJAsAkA samAdhAna kara unako bauddhika dInatAse trANa diyA / ina praznoMkA svarUpa isa prakAra hai-- saMjaya prazna 1- kyA loka zAzvata hai ? 2- kyA loka azAzvata hai ? maiM jAnatA hoU~ to batAU~, ( anizcaya, vikSepa ) 3- kyA loka zAzvata aura azAzvata hai ? 17 buddha isakA jAnanA anupayogI hai ( avyAkRta, akathanIya ) 27 mahAvIra hA~, loka dravya-dRSTise zAzvata hai, isake kisI bhI satkA sarvathA nAza nahIM ho sakatA / hA~, loka apane pratikSaNa bhAvI parivartanoM kI dRSTise azAzvata hai, koI bhI padArtha do kSaNasthAyI nahIM / hA~, donoM dRSTikoNoM se kramaza: vicAra karanepara lokako zAzvata bhI kahate haiM aura azAzvata bhI /
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________________ 4 | viziSTa nibandha : 91 4-kyA loka donoM rUpa nahIM hai hA~, aisA koI zabda nahIM jo anubhaya hai ? lokake paripUrNa svarUpako eka sAtha samagra bhAvase kaha ske| usameM zAzvata, azAzvatake sivAya bhI ananta rUpa vidyamAna haiM ataH samagra bhAvase vastu anubhaya hai, avaktavya hai, anirvacanIya hai| __ saMjaya aura buddha jina praznoMkA samAdhAna nahIM karate, unheM anizcaya yA avyAkRta kahakara apanA piNDa chur3A lete haiM, mahAvIra unhIMkA vAstavika yuktisaMgata samAdhAna karate haiN| isapara bhI rAhulajI aura dharmAnanda kosAmbI Adi yaha kahanekA sAhasa karate haiM ki 'saMjayake anuyAyiyoMke lupta ho jAnepara saMjayake bAdako hI jainiyoMne apanA liyaa| yaha to aisA hI hai jaise koI kahe ki bhAratameM rahI paratantratAko hI paratantratAvidhAyaka aMgrejoMke cale jAnepara bhAratIyoMne use aparatantratA (svatantratA ) rUpase apanA liyA hai, kyoMki aparatantratA bhI 'pa ra tantra tA' ye pA~ca akSara to maujUda haiM hii| yA hiMsAko hI buddha aura mahAvIrane usake anuyAyiyoMke lupta honepara ahiMsArUpase apanA liyA hai, kyoMki ahiMsAmeM bhI "hiM sA' ye do akSara hai hI / yaha dekhakara to aura bhI Azcarya hotA hai ki-Apa ( pR0 484 ) anizcitatAvAdiyoMkI sUcImeM saMjayake sAtha niggaMTha nAthaputta ( mahAvIra ) kA nAma bhI likha jAte haiM, tathA (pR0 491 ) saMjayako anekAntavAdI / kyA ise dharmakItike zabdoMmeM 'dhiga vyApakaM tamaH' nahIM kahA jA sakatA? ___ 'syAt' zabdake prayogase sAdhAraNatayA logoMko saMzaya anizcaya yA saMbhAvanAkA bhrama hotA hai| para yaha to bhASAkI purAnI zailI hai usa prasaGgakI, jahA~ eka vAdakA sthApana nahIM hotA / ekAdhika bheda yA vikalpakI sUcanA jahA~ karanI hotI hai vahA~ 'syAt' padakA prayoga bhASAkI zailIkA eka rUpa rahA hai jaisA ki majjhimanikAyake mahArAhulovAda suttake nimnalikhita avataraNase jJAta hotA hai-"katamA ca rAhula tejodhAtu ? tejodhAtu siyA ajjhattikA siyA baahiraa|" arthAt tejo dhAtu syAt AdhyAtmika hai, syAt bAhya hai / yahA~ siyA ( syAt ) zabdakA prayoga tejo dhAtuke nizcita bhedoMkI sUcanA detA hai, na ki una bhedoMkA saMzaya anizcaya yA sambhAvanA batAtA hai| AdhyAtmika bhedake sAtha prayukta honevAlA syAta zabda isa bAtakA dyotana karatA hai ki tejo dhAtu mAtra AdhyAtmika hI nahIM hai kintu usase vyatirikta bAhya bhI hai / isI taraha 'syAdasti' meM astike sAtha lagA huA 'syAt' zabda sUcita karatA hai ki 'asti se bhinna dharma bhI vastumeM hai kevala 'asti' dharmarUpa ho vastu nahIM hai / isa taraha 'syAt' zabda na 'zAyada' kA na anizcaya' kA aura na sambhAvanAkA sUcaka hai kintu nirdiSTa dharmake sivAya anya azeSa dharmoMkI sUcanA detA hai jisase zrotA vastuko nirdiSTa dharmamAtra rUpa hI na samajha baitthe| saptabhaMgo-vastu malataH anantadharmAtmaka hai| usameM vibhinna dRSTiyoMse vibhinna vivakSAoMse ananta dharma haiN| pratyeka dharmakA virodhI dharma bhI dRSTibhedase vastumeM sambhava hai| jaise 'ghaTaH syAdasti' meM ghaTa hai hI apane dravya kSetra kAla bhAvakI maryAdAse / jisa prakAra ghaTameM svacatuSTayakI apekSA 'astitva' dharma hai, usI taraha ghaTavyatirikta anya padArthoMkA 'nAstitva' bhI ghaTameM hai| yadi ghaTabhinna padArthokA nAstitva ghaTameM na pAyA jAya to ghaTa aura padArtha milakara eka ho jAya~ge / ataH ghaTa syAdasti aura syAnnAsti rUpa hai| isI taraha vastameM
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________________ 92 : DaoN. mahendrakumAra jaina nyAyAcArya smRti-granthaM dravyadRSTise nityatva, paryAyadRSTise anityatva Adi anekoM virodhI dharmayugala rahate haiN| eka vastumeM ananta saptabhaGga banate haiM / jaba hama ghaTake astitvakA vicAra karate haiM to astitvaviSayaka sAta bhaGga ho sakate haiN| jaise saMjayake praznottara yA buddhake avyAkRta praznottarameM hama cAra koTi to nizcita rUpase dekhate haiM-sat, asat, ubhaya aura anubhaya / umI taraha gaNitake hisAbase tIna mUla bhaMgoMko milAnepara adhikase adhika sAta apunarukta bhaMga ho sakate haiN| jaise ghar3eke astitvakA vicAra prastuta hai to pahilA astitva dharma, dUsarA tadvirodhI nAstitva dharma aura tIsarA dharma hogA avaktavya jo vastuke pUrNa rUpakI sUcanA detA hai ki vastu pUrNa rUpase vacanake agocara hai| usake virATa rUpako zabda nahIM chU sakate / avaktavya dharma isa apekSAse hai ki donoM dharmoko yugapat kahanevAlA zabda saMsArameM nahIM hai ataH vastu yathArthataH vacanAtIta hai, avaktavya hai| isa taraha mUlameM tIna bhaGga haiM1-syAdasti ghaTaH 2-syAnnAsti ghaTaH 3-syAdavaktavyo ghaTaH avavatavyake sAtha syAt pada lagAnekA bhI artha hai ki vastu yugapat pUrNa rUpameM yadi avaktavya hai to kramazaH apane apUrNa rUpa meM vaktavya bhI hai aura vaha asti-nAsti Adi rUpase vacanoMkA viSaya bhI hotI hai / ataH vastu syAd vaktavya hai / jaba mUla bhaMga tona haiM taba inake dvisaMyogI bhaMga bho tIna hoMge tathA trisaMyogI bhaMga eka hogA / jisa taraha catuSkoTimeM sat aura asatko milAkara prazna hotA hai ki kyA sat hokara bhI vastu asat hai ?' usI taraha ye bhI prazna ho sakate haiM ki-1 kyA sat hokara bhI vastu avaktavya hai ? 2. kyA asat hokara bhI vastu avaktavya hai ? 3 kyA sat-asat hokara bhI vastu avaktavya hai? ina tInoM praznoMkA samAdhAna saMyogaja cAra bhaMgoM meM hai| arthAt 4-asti nAsti ubhaya rUpa vastu hai-svacatuSTaya aura paracatuSTayapara kramazaH dRSTi rakhanepara aura donoMkI sAmUhika vivakSA rahanepara / 5-asti avaktavya vastu hai-prathama samayameM svacatuSTaya aura dvitIya samayameM yugapat svapara catuSTayapara kramazaH dRSTi rakhanepara aura donoMko sAmUhika vivakSA rahanepara / 6-nAsti avaktavya vastu hai-prathama samayameM paracatuSTaya aura dvitIya samayameM yugapat svapara catuSTayakI kramazaH dRSTi rakhanepara aura donoMkI sAmUhika vivakSA rahanepara / 7-asti nAsti avaktavya vastu hai-prathama samayameM svacatuSTaya, dvitIya samayameM paracatuSTaya tathA tRtIya samayameM yugapat sva-para catuSTayapara kramazaH dRSTi rakhanepara aura tInoMkI sAmUhika vivakSA rahanepara / ba asti aura nAstikI taraha avaktavya bhI vastukA dharma hai taba jaise asti aura nAstiko milAkara cauthA bhaMga bana jAtA hai vaise hI avaktavyake sAtha bhI asti, nAsti aura asti-nAsti milakara pAMcaveM, chaThaveM aura sAtaveM bhaMgakI sRSTi ho jAtI hai| isa taraha gaNitake siddhAntake anusAra tIna mala vastuoMke adhika-se-adhika apunarukta sAta hI bhaMga ho sakate hai / tAtparya yaha ki vastuke pratyeka dharma ko lekara sAta prakArakI jijJAsA ho sakatI hai, sAta prakArake prazna ho sakate haiM ataH unake uttara bhI sAta prakArake hI hote haiN| darzanadigdarzanameM zrI rAhulajIne pA~caveM chaThaveM aura sAtaveM bhaMgako jisa bhraSTa tarIkese toDA-maroDA hai vaha unakI apanI niro kalpanA aura atisAhasa hai| jaba ve darzanoMko vyApaka naI aura vaijJAnika dRSTise dekhanA cAhate hai to kisI bhI darzanakI samIkSA usake svarUpako ThIka samajhakara hI karanI caahie| ve avaktavya nAmaka dharmako jo ki satake sAtha svatantrabhAvase dvisaMyogI huA hai, tor3akara a-vaktavya karake
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________________ 4 / viziSTa nibandha : 93 saMjayake 'nahIM' ke sAtha mela baiThA dete haiM aura 'saMjayake ghora anizcayavAdako hI anekAntavAda kaha dete haiM! kimAzcaryamataH param ? zrI sampUrNAnandajI 'jainadharma' pustakakI prastAvanA ( pR0 3 ) meM anekAntavAdakI grAhyatA svIkAra karake bhI saptabhaMgI nyAyako bAlakI khAla nikAlaneke samAna AvazyakatAse adhika bArIkImeM jAnA samajhate haiN| para saptabhaMgIko Ajase ar3hAI hajAra varSa pahileke vAtAvaraNameM dekhanepara ve svayaM use samayakI mA~ga kahe binA nahIM raha sakate / ar3hAI hajAra varSa pahile AbAla-gopAla pratyeka praznako sahaja tarIkese 'sat asat ubhaya aura anubhaya' ina cAra koTiyoMmeM gUMthakara hI upasthita karate the aura usa samayake bhAratIya AcArya uttara bhI catuSkoTikA hI, hA~ yA nA meM dete the taba jaina tIrthaMkara mahAvIrane mala tIna bhaMgoMke gaNitake niyamAnusAra adhika-se-adhika sAta prazna banAkara unakA samAdhAna saptabhaMgI dvArA kiyA jo nizcitarUpase vastukI sImAke bhItara hI rahI hai| anekAntavAdane jagatake vAstavika aneka satakA apalApa nahIM kiyA aura na vaha kevala kalpanAke kSetrameM vicarA hai|| merA una dArzanikoMse nivedana hai ki bhAratIya paramparAmeM jo satyakI dhArA hai use 'darzanagrantha' likhate samaya bhI kAyama rakheM aura samIkSAkA stambha to bahuta sAvadhAnI aura uttaradAyitvake sAtha likhanekI kRpA kareM jisase darzana kevala vivAda aura bhrAnta paramparAoMkA ajAyabaghara na bane / vaha jIvanameM saMvAda lAve aura darzanapraNetAoMko samucita nyAya de ske| isa taraha jainadarzanane 'darzana' zabdakI kAlpanika bhUmikAse nikalakara vastu-sImApara khar3e hokara jagatmeM vastu-sthitike AdhArase saMvAda samIkaraNa aura yathArthatatvajJAnakI dRSTi dii| jisakI upAsanAse vizva apane vAstavika rUpako samajhakara nirarthaka vivAdase bacakara saccA saMvAdI bana sakatA hai| anekAntadarzanakA sAMskRtika AdhAra bhAratIya vicAra paramparAmeM spaSTataH do dhArAe~ hai| eka dhArA vedako pramANa mAnanevAle vaidika darzanoMkI hai aura dUsarI vedako pramANa na mAnakara puruSAnubhava yA puruSAsAkSAtkArako pramANa mAnanevAle zramaNa sntoNkii| yadyapi cArvAka darzana bhI vedako pramANa nahIM mAnatA, kintu usane AtmAkA astitva janmase maraNa paryanta ho svIkAra kiyA hai| usane paraloka, puNya, pApa aura mokSa jaise AtmapratiSThita tattvoMko tathA AtmasaMzodhaka cAritra Adi kI upayogitAko svIkRta nahIM kiyA hai| ataH avaidika hokara bhI vaha zramaNadhArAmeM sammilita nahIM kiyA jA sktaa| zramaNadhArA vaidika paramparAko na mAnakara bhI AtmA, jar3abhinna jJAna-santAna, puNya-pApa, paraloka, nirvANa AdimeM vizvAsa rakhatI hai, ataH pANinikI paribhASAke anusAra Astika hai| vedako yA Izvarako jagatkartA na mAnaneke kAraNa zramaNadhArAko nAstika kahanA ucita nahIM hai / kyoMki apanI amuka paramparAko na mAnaneke kAraNa yadi zramaNa nAstika kahe jAte haiM to zramaNa-paramparAko na mAnaneke kAraNa vaidika bhI mithyAdRSTi Adi vizeSaNoMse pukAre gaye haiN| zramaNadhArAkA sArA tattvajJAna yA darzanavistAra jIvana-zodhana yA cAritrya-vRddhike lie huA thaa| vaidika paramparAmeM tattvajJAnako muktikA sAdhana mAnA hai, jaba ki zramaNadhArAmeM cAritrako / vaidika-paramparA vairAgya Adise jJAnako puSTa karatI hai, vicArazuddhi karake mokSa mAna letI hai; jabaki zramaNa paramparA kahatI 1. jaina kathAgranthoMmeM mahAvIrake bAlajIvanakI eka ghaTanAkA varNana AtA hai ki-'saMjaya aura vijaya nAmake do sAdhuoMkA saMzaya mahAvIrako dekhate hI naSTa ho gayA thA, isalie inakA nAma sanmati rakhA gayA thaa|' sambhava hai yaha saMjaya-vijaya saMjayavela Thiputta hI hoM aura isIke saMzaya yA anizcayakA nAza mahAvIrake saptabhaMgI nyAyase haA ho aura velapitta vizeSaNa hI bhraSTa hokara vijaya nAmakA dUsarA sAdhu bana gayA ho /
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________________ 94 : DaoN0 mahendrakumAra jaina nyAyAcAryaM smRti grantha hai ki usa jJAna yA usa vicArakA koI mUlya nahIM jo jIvana meM na utre| jisakI suvAsase jIvanazodhana na ho vaha jJAna yA vicAra mastiSkake vyAyAmase adhika kucha bhI mahattva nahIM rakhate / jaina paramparAmeM tattvArtha sUtrakA AdhasUtra hai - " samyagdarzanajJAnacAritrANi mokSamArgaH " ( tattvArtha sUtra 111 ) arthAt samyagdarzana, samyagjJAna aura samyakcAritrakI AtmapariNati mokSakA mArga / yahA~ mokSakA sAkSAt kAraNa cAritra hai / samyagdarzana aura samyagjJAna to usa cAritrake paripoSaka haiM / bauddha paramparAkA aSTAMga mArga bhI cAritrakA hI vistAra hai / tAtparya yaha ki zramaNadhArA meM jJAnakI apekSA cAritrakA hI antima mahattva rahA hai aura pratyeka vicAra aura jJAnakA upayoga cAritra arthAt Atmazodhana yA jIvanameM sAmaJjasya sthApita karaneke lie kiyA gayA hai| zramaNa santoMne tapa aura sAdhanAke dvArA vItarAgatA prApta kI aura usI parama vItarAgatA, samatA yA ahiMsAko utkRSTa jyotiko vizva meM pracArita karane ke lie vizvatattvoMkA sAkSAtkAra kiyaa| inakA sAdhya vicAra nahIM AcAra thA, jJAna nahIM cAritrya thA, vAgvilAsa yA zAstrArthaM nahIM, jIvana-zuddhi aura saMvAda thA / ahiMsAkA antima artha hai - jIvamAtrameM ( cAhe vaha sthAvara ho yA jaMgama, pazu ho yA manuSya, brAhmaNa ho, kSatriya ho yA zUdra, gorA ho yA kAlA, etaddezIya ho yA videzI ) deza, kAla, zarIrakArake AvaraNoMse pare hokara samatva-darzana / pratyeka jIva svarUpase caitanya zaktikA akhaNDa zAzvata AdhAra hai / vaha karma yA vAsanAoMke kAraNa vRkSa, kIr3A-makor3A, pazu aura manuSya Adi zarIroMko dhAraNa karatA hai, para akhaNDa caitanyakA eka bhI aMza usakA naSTa nahIM hotA / vaha vAsanA yA rAgadveSAdike dvArA vikRta avazya ho jAtA hai / manuSya apane deza, kAla Adi nimittoMse gore yA kAle kisI bhI zarIrako dhAraNa kie ho, apanI vRtti yA karmake anusAra brAhmaNa, kSatriya, vaizya aura zUdra kisI bhI zreNImeM usakI gaNanA vyavahArataH kI jAtI ho, kisI bhI dezameM utpanna huA ho, kisI bhI santakA upAsaka ho, vaha ina vyAvahArika nimittoMse U~ca yA nIca nahIM ho sakatA / kisI varNavizeSameM utpanna honeke kAraNa hI vaha dharmakA ThekedAra nahIM bana sakatA / mAnavamAtra ke mUlataH samAna adhikAra haiM, itanA hI nahIM, kintu pazu-pakSI, kIr3emakor3e, vRkSa Adi prANiyoMke bhI / amuka prakArakI AjIvikA yA vyApArake kAraNa koI bhI manuSya kisI mAnavAdhikAra se vaMcita nahIM ho sakatA / yaha mAnavasamattva bhAvanA, prANimAtra meM samatA aura utkRSTa sattvamaitrI ahiMsAke vikasita rUpa haiM / zramaNasantoMne yahI kahA hai ki - eka manuSya kisI bhUkhaNDapara yA anya bhautika sAdhanoM para adhikAra kara leneke kAraNa jagatmeM mahAn banakara dUsaroMke nirdalanakA janmasiddha adhikArI nahIM ho sktaa| kisI varNavizeSameM utpanna honeke kAraNa dUsaroMkA zAsaka yA dharmakA ThekedAra nahIM ho sakatA / bhautika sAdhanoM kI pratiSThA bAhyameM kadAcit ho bhI para dharmakSetrameM prANimAtrako eka hI bhUmipara baiThanA hogA / hara eka prANIko dharmakI zItala chAyA meM samAnabhAvase santoSakI sA~sa lenekA suavasara hai / Atmasamattva, vItarAgattva yA ahiMsAke vikAsase hI koI mahAn ho sakatA hai na ki jagat meM viSamatA phailAnevAle hiMsaka parigrahake saMgrahase / Adarza tyAga hai na ki saMgraha / isa prakAra jAti, varNa, raGga, deza, AkAra, parigrahasaMgraha Adi viSamatA aura saMgharSake kAraNoMse pare hokara prANimAtrako samattva, ahiMsA aura vItarAgatAkA pAvana sandeza ina zramaNasantoMne usa samaya diyA jaba yajJa Adi kriyAkANDa eka vargavizeSakI jIvikAke sAdhana bane hue the, kucha gAya, sonA aura striyoMko dakSiNAse svargake TikiTa prApta ho jAte the, dharmake nAmapara gomedha, ajAmedha kvacit naramedha takakA khulA bAjAra thA, jAtigata uccattva-nIcattvakA viSa samAja - zarIrako dagdha kara rahA thA, aneka prakArase sattAko hathiyAne ke SaDyantra cAlU the / usa barbara yuga meM mAnavasamattva aura prANimaitrIkA udAratama sandeza ina yugadharmI santoMne nAstikatAkA mithyA lAMchana sahate hue bhI diyA aura bhrAnta janatAko saccI samAjaracanAkA mUlamantra batAyA /
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________________ 4 / viziSTa nibandha : 95 para, yaha anubhavasiddha bAta hai / ahiMsAkI sthAyI pratiSThA manaHzuddhi aura vacanazaddhike binA nahIM ho sktii| hama bhale hI zarIrase dUsare prANiyoMkI hiMsA na kareM, para yadi vacana-vyavahAra aura cittagatavicAra viSama aura visaMvAdI haiM to kAyika ahiMsA pala hI nahIM sktii| apane manake vicAra arthAt matako puSTa karaneke lie U~ca nIca zabda bole jAyeMge aura phalataH hAthApAIkA avasara Ae binA na rhegaa| bhAratIya zAstrArthoMkA itihAsa aneka hiMsA-kAMDoMke raktaraMjita pannoMse bharA huA hai| ataH yaha Avazyaka thA ki ahiMsAkI sarvAGgINa pratiSThAke lie vizvakA yathArtha tattvajJAna ho aura vicAra-zuddhimUlaka vacanazuddhikI jIvana-vyavahArameM pratiSThA ho| yaha sambhava hI nahIM hai ki eka hI vastuke viSayameM paraspara-virodhI matavAda calate raheM, apane pakSa ke samarthanake lie ucita-anucita zAstrArtha hote raheM, pakSa-pratipakSoMkA saMgaThana ho, zAstrArthameM hAranevAleko talakI jalatI kar3AhImeM jIvita tala dene-jaisI hiMsaka hor3eM bhI lageM, phira bhI paraspara ahiMsA banI rhe| bhagavAna mahAvIra eka parama ahiMsaka santa the| unane dekhA ki AjakA sArA rAjakAraNa dharma aura matavAdiyoMke hAthameM hai / jaba taka ina matavAdoMkA vastu-sthitike AdhArase samanvaya na hogA taba taka hiMsA kI jar3a nahIM kaTa sktii| unane vizvake tattvoMkA sAkSAtkAra kiyA aura batAyA ki vizvakA pratyeka cetana aura jar3a tattva ananta dharmoMkA bhaNDAra hai| usake virAT svarUpako sAdhAraNa mAnava paripUrNarUpameM nahIM jAna sakatA / usakA kSudra jJAna vastuke eka-eka aMzako jAnakara apanemeM pUrNatAkA durabhimAna kara baiThA hai| vivAda vastumeM nahIM hai| vivAda to dekhanevAloMkI dRSTimeM hai| kAza, ye vastuke virAT ananta-dharmAtmaka yA anekAtmaka svarUpakI jhA~kI pA sakeM / unane isa anekAntAtmaka tattvajJAnakI ora matavAdiyoM kA dhyAna khIMcA aura batAyA ki-dekho, pratyeka vastu ananta guNa paryAya aura dharmoMkA akhaNDa piNDa hai| yaha apanI anAdyananta santAna-sthitikI dRSTise nitya hai| kabhI bhI aisA samaya nahIM A sakatA jaba vizvake raMgamaJcase eka kaNakA bhI samUla vinAza ho jAya / sAtha hI pratikSaNa usakI paryAe~ badala rahI haiM, usake guNa-dharmoM meM bhI sadRza yA visadRza parivartana ho rahA hai, ataH vaha anitya bhI hai| isI taraha anantaguNa, zakti, paryAya aura dharma pratyeka vastukI nijI sampatti haiN| inameM se hamArA svalpa jJAnalava eka-eka aMzako viSaya karake kSudra matavAdoMkI sRSTi kara rahA hai| AtmAko nitya siddha karanevAloMkA pakSa apanI sArI zakti AtmAko anitya siddha karanevAloMkI ukhAr3a-pachAr3ameM lagA rahA hai to anityavAdiyoMkA guTa nityavAdiyoMko bhalA-burA kaha rahA hai| mahAvIrako ina matavAdiyoMkI buddhi aura pravRttipara tarasa AtA thaa| ve buddhakI taraha Atma-nityatva aura anityatva, paraloka aura nirvANa Adiko avyAkRta ( akathanIya ) kahakara bauddhika tamakI sRSTi nahIM karanA cAhate the / unane ina sabhI tattvoMkA yathArtha svarUpa batAkara ziSyoMko prakAzameM lAkara unheM mAnasa samatAkI samabhUmi para lA diyaa| unane batAyA ki vastuko tuma jisa dRSTikoNase dekha rahe ho vastu utanI hI nahIM hai, usameM aise ananta dRSTikoNoMse dekhe jAnekI kSamatA hai, usakA virATa svarUpa anantadharmAtmaka hai / tumheM jo dRSTikoNa virodhI mAlama hotA hai usakA ImAnadArIse vicAra karo, vaha bhI vastumeM vidyamAna hai| cittase pakSapAtakI durabhisandhi nikAlo aura dUsareke dRSTikoNako bhI utanI hI prAmANikatAse vastumeM khojo, vaha vahIM laharA rahA hai / hA~, vastukI sImA aura maryAdAkA ullaMghana nahIM honA cAhie / tuma cAho ki jar3ameM cetanatva khojA jAya yA cetanameM jar3atva, to nahIM mila sakatA / kyoMki pratyeka padArthake apane-apane nijI dharma nizcita haiM / maiM pratyeka vastuko ananta dharmAtmaka kaha rahA hU~, sarvadharmAtmaka nhiiN| ananta dharmoM meM cetanake
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________________ 96 : DaoN0 mahendrakumAra jaina nyAyAcArya smRti-grantha sambhava ananta dharma cetanameM mileMge tathA acetanagata sambhava dharma acetanameM / cetanake guNa-dharma acetanameM nahIM pAye jA sakate aura na acetanake cetanameM / hA~, kucha aise sAmAnya dharma bhI hai jo cetana aura acetana donoMmeM sAdhAraNa rUpase pAe jAte haiM / tAtparya yaha ki vastumeM bahuta gujAiza hai| vaha itanI virAT hai jo hamAre tumhAre ananta dRSTikoNoMse dekhI aura jAnI jA sakatI hai / eka kSudra-dRSTikA Agraha karake dUsarekI dRSTikA tiraskAra karanA yA apanI dRSTikA ahaMkAra karanA vastuke svarUpakI nAsamajhIkA pariNAma hai| haribhadrasUrine likhA hai ki "AgrahI vata ninIpati yukti tatra yatra matirasya nivissttaa| pakSapAtarahitasya tu yuktiryatra tatra matireti nivezam ||"-loktttvnirnny arthAt-AgrahI vyakti apane matapoSaNake lie yuktiyA~ hU~r3hatA hai, yuktiyoMko apane matakI ora le jAtA hai, para pakSapAtarahita madhyastha vyakti yuktisiddha vastusvarUpako svIkAra karane meM apanI matikI saphalatA mAnatA hai| anekAnta darzana bhI yahI sikhAtA hai ki yuktisiddha vastusvarUpakI ora apane matako lagAo na ki apane nizcita matakI ora vastu aura yuktikI khIMcAtAnI karake unheM bigAr3anekA duSprayAsa karo, aura na kalpanAkI ur3Ana itanI lambI lo jo vastuko sImAko hI lA~gha jAya / tAtparya yaha hai ki mAnasasamatAke lie yaha vastusthitimalaka anekAnta tattvajJAna atyAvazyaka hai| isake dvArA isa naratanadhArIko jJAta ho sakegA ki vaha kitane pAnImeM hai, usakA jJAna kitanA svalpa hai| aura vaha kisa durabhimAnase hiMsaka matavAdakA sarjana karake mAnavasamAjakA ahita kara rahA hai| isa mAnasa-ahiMsAtmaka anekAnta-darzanase vicAroMmeM yA dRSTikoNoMmeM kAmacalAU samanvaya yA DhIlADhAlA samajhautA nahIM hotA, kintu vastusvarUpake AdhArase yathArtha tattvajJAnamUlaka samanvaya-dRSTi prApta hotI hai| DaoN0 sara rAdhAkRSNan iNDiyana philAsaphI (jilda 1, pR0 305-6) meM syAdvAdake Upara apane vicAra prakaTa karate hue likhate haiM ki-"isase hameM kevala ApekSika athavA ardhasatyakA hI jJAna ho sakatA hai, syAdvAdase hama pUrNa satyako nahIM jAna sakate / dUsare zabdoMmeM-syAdvAda hameM ardhasatyoMke pAsa lAkara paTaka detA hai aura inhIM ardhasatyoMko pUrNa satya mAna lenekI preraNA karatA hai| parantu kevala nizcita-anizcita ardhasatyoMko milAkara eka sAtha rakha denese vaha pUrNasatya nahIM kahA jA sktaa|" Adi / kyA sara rAdhAkRSNan batAnekI kRpA kareMge ki syAdvAdane nizcita-anizcita ardhasatyoMko pUrNa satya mAnanekI preraNA kaise kI hai ? hA~, vaha vedAntakI taraha cetana aura acetanake kAlpanika abhedako dimAgI daur3ameM avazya zAmila nahIM huaa| aura na vaha kisI aise siddhAntakA samanvaya karanekI salAha detA hai jisameM vastusthitikI upekSA kI gaI ho| sara rAdhAkRSNanko pUrNasatya rUpase vaha kAlpanika abheda yA brahma iSTa hai jisameM cetana-acetana mUrta-amUrta sabhI kAlpanika rItise samA jAte haiN| ve syAdvAdako samanvayadRSTiko ardhasatyoMke pAsa lAkara paTakanA samajhate haiM, para jaba pratyeka vastu svarUpataH anantadharmAtmaka hai taba usa vAstavika natIjepara pahu~caneko ardhasatya kaise kaha sakate haiM ? hA~, syAdvAda usa pramANaviruddha kAlpanika abhedakI ora vastusthitimUlaka dRSTise nahIM jA sktaa| vaise, saMgrahanayakI eka carama abhedako kalpanA jainadarzanakAroMne bhI kI hai aura usa parama saMgrahanayakI abheda dRSTise batAyA hai ki-'sarvamekaM sadavizeSat' arthAt-jagat eka hai, sadrapase cetana aura acetanameM koI bheda nahIM hai| para yaha eka kalpanA hai, kyoMki aisA eka sat nahIM hai jo pratyeka maulika dravyameM anugata rahatA ho / ataH yadi sara rAdhAkRSNanko carama abhedako kalpanA hI dekhanI ho
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________________ 4/ viziSTa nibandha : 97 to ve paramasaMgrahanayake daSTikoNameM dekha sakate haiM, para vaha kevala kalpanA hI hogI, vastusthiti nahIM / pUrNasatya to vastukA anekAntAtmaka rUpase darzana hI hai, na ki kAlpanika abhedakA darzana / isI taraha pro0 baladeva upAdhyAya isa syAdvAdase prabhAvita hokara bhI sara rAdhAkRSNankA anusaraNakara syAdvAdako malabhatatattva (eka brahma?) ke svarUpake samajhane meM nitAnta asamartha batAnekA sAhasa karate haiM / inane to yahA~ taka likha diyA hai ki-'isI kAraNa yaha vyavahAra tathA paramArtha ke bIcobIca tattvavicArako katipaya kSaNake lie visrambha tathA virAma denevAle vizrAmagRhase bar3hakara adhika mahattva nahIM rkhtaa|" ( bhAratIya darzana, pR0 173) / Apa cAhate haiM ki pratyeka darzanako usa kAlpanika abheda taka paha~canA caahie| para syAdvAda jaba vastuvicAra kara rahA hai taba vaha paramArtha sat vastukI sImAko lA~gha sakatA hai ? brahmakavAda na kevala yuktiviruddha hI hai para Ajake vijJAnase usake ekIkaraNakA koI vAstavika mUlya siddha nahIM hotaa| vijJAnane eTama takakA vizleSaNa kiyA hai aura pratyekakI apanI svatantra sattA svIkAra kI hai| ataH yadi syAdvAda vastukI anekAntAtmaka sImApara pahu~cAkara buddhiko virAma detA hai to yaha usakA bhUSaNa hI hai| dimAgI abhedase vAstavika sthitikI upekSA karanA manoraJjanase adhika mahattvako bAta nahIM ho sktii| isI taraha zrIyut hanumantarAva ema. e. ne apane "Jain Instrumental theory of Knowledge" nAmaka lekhameM likhA hai ki--"syAdvAda sarala samajhautekA mArga upasthita karatA hai, vaha pUrNa satya taka nahIM le jaataa|" aadi| ye saba eka hI prakArake vicAra haiM jo syAdvAdake svarUpako na samajhaneke yA vastusthitikI upekSA karaneke pariNAma hai| maiM pahile likha cukA hU~ ki--mahAvIrane dekhA ki--vastu to apane sthAnapara apane virATa rUpameM pratiSThita hai, usameM ananta dharma, jo hameM paraspara virodhI mAlama hote hai, aviruddha bhAvase vidyamAna haiM, para hamArI dRSTimeM virodha honese hama usakI yathArtha sthitiko nahIM samajha pA rahe haiN| jainadarzana vAstava-bahutvavAdI hai| vaha do pRthaksattAka vastuoMko vyavahArake lie kalpanAse abhinna kaha bhI de, para vastukI nijI maryAdAkA ullaMghana nahIM karanA caahtaa| jainadarzana eka vyaktikA apane guNa-paryAyoMse vAstavika abheda to mAnatA hai, para do vyaktiyoMmeM avAstavika abhedako nahIM maantaa| isa darzanakI yahI vizeSatA hai, jo yaha paramArtha sat vastukI paridhiko na lA~dhakara usakI sImAmeM hI vicAra karatA hai aura manuSyoMko kalpanAkI ur3Anase viratakara vastu kI ora dekhaneko bAdhya karatA hai / jisa carama abheda taka na pahu~cane ke kAraNa anekAnta darzanako sara rAdhAkRSNan-jaise vicAraka ardhasatyoMkA samudAya kahate haiM usa carama abhedako bho anekAnta darzana eka vyaktikA eka dharma mAnatA hai| vaha una abhedakalpakoMko kahatA hai ki vastu isase bhI bar3I hai, abheda to usakA eka dharma hai| dRSTiko aura udAra tathA vizAla karake vastuke pUrNa rUpako dekho, usameM abheda eka kone meM par3A hogA aura abhedake anantoM bhAI-bandhu usameM tAdAtmya ho rahe hoNge| ataH ina jJAnalavadhAriyoMko udAradRSTi denevAle tathA vastuko jhA~kI dikhAnevAle anekAntadarzanane vAstavika vicArakI antima rekhA khIMcI hai, aura yaha saba huA hai mAnasa-samatAmalaka tattvajJAnakI khojase / jaba isa prakAra vastusthiti hI anekAntamayI yA anantadharmA tmikA hai taba sahaja hI manuSya yaha socane lagatA hai ki dUsarA vAdI jo kaha rahA hai usakI sahAnubhUtise samIkSA honI cAhiye aura vastusthitimalaka samIkaraNa honA cAhiye / isa svIyasvalpatA aura vastu-anantadharmatAke vAtAvaraNase nirarthaka kalpanAoMkA jAla TUTegA aura ahaMkArakA vinAza hokara mAnasasamatAkI sRSTi hogii| jo ki ahiMsAkA saMjIvana bIja hai / isa taraha mAnasa-samatAke lie anekAnta darzana hI ekamAtra sthira AdhAra ho sakatA hai| jaba anekAnta darzanase vicArazuddhi ho jAtI hai taba svabhAvataH vANImeM namratA aura parasamanvayakI vRtti utpanna
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________________ 98 : DaoN. mahendrakumAra jaina nyAyAcArya smRti-grantha ho jAtI hai / vaha vastusthitiko ullaMghana karanevAle zabdakA prayoga hI nahIM kara sakatA / isIlie jainAcAryoM ne vastukI anekadharmAtmakatAkA dyotana karaneke lie 'syAt' zabdake prayogakI AvazyakatA batAI hai| zabdoMmeM yaha sAmarthya nahIM jo ki vastuke pUrNarUpako yugapat kaha ske| vaha eka samayameM eka hI dharmako kaha sakatA hai / ataH usI samaya vastumeM vidyamAna zeSa dharmoMkI sattAkA sUcana karaneke lie 'syAt' zabdakA prayoga kiyA jAtA hai / 'syAt' kA 'sunizcita dRSTikoNa' yA 'nirNIta apekSA' hI artha hai 'zAyada', 'sambhava' 'kadAcit' Adi nahIM / 'syAdasti' kA vAcyArtha hai-'svarUpAdikI apekSAse vastu hai hI' na ki 'zAyada hai', 'sambhava hai', 'kadAcita hai Adi / saMkSepataH jahA~ anekAntadarzana cittameM samatA, madhyasthabhAva, vItarAgatA, niSpakSatAkA udaya karatA hai, vahA~ syAdvAda vANImeM nirdoSatA AnekA pUrA avasara detA hai| - isa prakAra ahiMsAkI paripUrNatA aura sthoyitvakI preraNAne mAnasazuddhike lie anekAntadarzana aura vacana-zaddhike lie syAdvAda-jaisI nidhiyoMko bhAratIya saMskRtike koSAgArameM diyA hai| bolate samaya vaktAko sadA yaha dhyAna rahanA cAhie ki vaha jo bola rahA hai utanI hI vastu nahIM hai, kintu bahuta bar3I hai, usake pUrNarUpa taka zabda nahIM pahu~ca skte| isI bhAvako jatAneke lie vaktA 'syAta' zabdakA prayoga karatA hai| 'syAt' zabda vidhiliGmeM niSpanna hotA hai, jo apane vaktavyako nizcita rUpameM upasthita karatA hai na ki saMzaya ruupmeN| jaina tIrthakaroMne isa taraha sarvAGgINa ahiMsAkI sAdhanAkA vaiyaktika aura sAmAjika donoM prakArakA pratyakSAnubhUta mAga batAyA hai| unane padArthoM ke svarUpakA yathArtha nirUpaNa to kiyA hI, sAtha hI padArthoM ke dekhanekA, unake jJAna karanekA aura unake svarUpako vacanase kahanekA nayA vastusparzI mArga btaayaa| isa ahiMsaka dRSTise yadi bhAratIya darzanakAroMne vastukA nirIkSaNa kiyA hotA to bhAratIya jalpakathAkA itihAsa raktaraMjita na huA hotA aura dharma tathA darzanake nAmapara mAnavatAkA nirdalana nahIM hotaa| para aura zAsana-bhAvanA mAnavako dAnava banA detI hai| usapara bhI dharma aura matakA 'aham' to ati dunivAra hotA hai| parantu yuga-yugameM aise hI dAnavoMko mAnava banAne ke lie ahiMsaka santa isI samanvaya daSTi, isI samatA bhAva aura isI sarvAGgINa ahiMsAkA sandeza dete Ae haiN| yaha jainadarzanakI hI vizeSatA hai jo vaha ahiMsAkI taha taka pahu~cane ke lie kevala dhArmika upadeza taka hI sImita nahIM rahA, apitu vAstavika sthitike AdhArase dArzanika yuktiyoMko sulajhAnekI 'maulika dRSTi bhI khoja skaa| na kevala dRSTi hI kintu mana, vacana aura kAya ina tInoM dvAroMse honevAlI hiMsAko rokanekA prazastatama mArga bhI upasthita kara skaa| DaoN0 bhagavAnadAsa jaise manISo samanvaya aura saba dharmokI maulika ekatAkI AvAja bulanda kara rahe haiM / ve varSoM se kaha rahe haiM ki samanvaya dRSTi prApta hue binA svarAjya sthAyI nahIM ho sakatA, mAnava mAnava nahIM raha sakatA / unhoMne apane 'samanvaya' aura 'darzanakA prayojana' Adi granthoMmeM isI samanvaya tattvakA bhUri-bhUri pratipAdana kiyA hai / jaina RSiyoMne isa samanvaya ( syAdvAda ) siddhAntapara hI saMkhyAbaddha grantha likhe haiN| inakA vizvAsa hai ki jaba taka dRSTimeM samIcInatA nahIM AyagI taba taka matabheda aura saMgharSa banA hI rhegaa| nae dRSTikoNase vastusthiti taka pahu~canA hI visaMvAdase haTAkara jIvanako saMvAdI banA sakatA hai| jainadarzanakI bhAratIya saMskRtiko yahI dena hai| Aja hameM jo svAtantryake darzana hue hai vaha isI ahiMsAkA puNyaphala hai| koI yadi vizvameM bhAratakA mastaka U~cA rakha sakatA hai to yaha nirupAdhi varNa, jAti, raGga, deza AdikI upAdhiyoMse rahita ahiMsA bhAvanA hI hai| isa prakAra sAmAnyataH darzana zabdakA artha aura unakI sImA tathA jainadarzanakI bhAratIya darzanako denakA sAmAnya varNana karaneke bAda isa bhAgameM Ae hue granthagata prameyakA varNana saMkSepameM kiyA jAtA hai
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________________ 4 / viziSTa nibandha : 99 viSayaparicaya pranthakA bAhyasvarUpa nAma-AcArya siddhasena divAkarane jaina nyAyakA avatAra karanevAlA nyAyAvatAra grantha likhA hai| nyAyAvatArameM pratyakSa, anumAna aura zruta ina tIna pramANoMkA vivecana kiyA gayA hai| akalaMkadevane prakRta grantha nyAyavinizcayameM bhI pratyakSa , anumAna aura pravacana ye tIna hI prastAva rakhe haiN| dharmakIrti ke pramANavAtikameM pratyakSa, svArthAnumAna aura parArthAnumAna ina tInakA vivecana hai| parArthAnumAna aura zabda pramANakI prakriyA lagabhaga ekasI hai / dharmakItikA eka pramANa vinizcaya grantha bhI prasiddha hai| yaha grantha gadyapadyamaya rahA hai| vAdidevasUrine syAdvAda ratnAkara ( pR0 23 ) meM 'dharmakIrtirapi nyAyavinizcayasya...... ' yaha ullekha karake likhA hai ki nyAyavinizcayake tIna paricchedoM meM kramazaH pratyakSa, svArthAnumAna aura parArthAnumAnakA varNana hai| yadi dharmakIrtikA pramANavinizcayake atirikta nyAyavinizcaya nAmakA bhI koI grantha rahA hai to akalaMkadevane nAmakI pasandagImeM isakA upayoga kara liyA hogaa| abhI takake anusandhAnase dharmakIrti ke nyAyavinizcaya granthakA to patA nahIM calA hai / ho sakatA hai ki vAdidevasUrine pramANa vinizcayakA hI 'nyAyavinizcayake' nAmase ullekha kara diyA ho kyoMki usake pratyakSa, svArthAnumAna aura para:rthAnumAna pariccheda pramANake hI bhedoMke vivecaka haiM / ataH pramANavAtikakI taraha pramANavinizcaya nAmakI hI adhika sambhAvanA hai| akalaMkadevane nyAyako kalidoSase malina huA dekhakara usake vinizcayArtha nyAyAvatAra aura pramANavinizcayake Adyanta padoMse granthakA nyAyavinizcaya nAmakaraNa kiyA hogaa| nyAyavinizcayakI akalaMkakartRkatA-akalaMkadeva apane granthoM meM kahIM-na-kahIM 'akalaMka' nAmakA prayoga avazya karate haiM / yaha prayoga kahIM jinendra ke rUpameM, kahIM granthake vizeSaNake rUpameM aura kahIM lakSaNaghaTaka vizeSaNake rUpa meM dRSTigocara hotA hai| nyAyavinizcaya grantha ( kArikA naM0 286 ) meM "visrabdhairakalaMkaratnanicayanyAyo vinizcIyate" isa kArikAMzake dvArA akalaMka aura nyAyavinizcaya donoMkI hRdayahAriNI rItise spaSTa sUcanA de dI hai / vAdirAjasUrike puSpikA vAkya, anantavIryakI siddhivinizcaya TIkA (pa0 208 B ) kA ullekha, vidyAnandikA AptaparIkSA ( pR0 49) gata 'taduktamakalaMkadevaH' kahakara uddhRta kI gaI nyAyavinizcayakI 'indrajAlAdiSu' Adi kArikA, nyAyadIpikAkAra dharmabhUSuNayati dvArA 'taduktaM bhagavadbhirakalaMkadevaiH nyAya vinizcaye' likhakara 'pratyakSalakSaNaM prAhaH' isa tIsarI kArikAkA uddhRta kiyA jAnA isa granthakI akalaMkartRkakatAke prabala poSaka pramANa hai| granthagataprameya-nyAyavinizcayameM tIna prastAva hai-1. pratyakSa, 2. anumAna, 3. pravacana / ina prastAvoMmeM sthUla rUpase jina viSayoMpara prakAza DAlA gayA hai-unakA paricaya isa smRtigranthake khaNDa cArameM 'akalaMka granthatraya aura usake kartA' lekhameM diyA gayA hai| prastuta nyAyavinizcayameM tIna prakArake zlokoMkA saMgraha hai-1-vArtika 2-antarazloka 3-sNgrhshlok| isa bhAgameM 'pratyakSalakSaNaM prAhuH' Adi tIsarA zloka malavArtika hai, kyoMki Age isI zlokagata padoMkA vistRta vivecana hai / vRttike madhyameM yatra-tatra AnevAle antarazloka hai| tathA vRttike dvArA pradarzita malavAtikake arthakA saMgraha karAnevAle saMgrahazloka hai| vAdirAjasUrine (pR0 229) svayaM "nirAkAretyAdayaH antarazlokAH vRttimadhyavartitvAt" vimukhetyA di vArtikavyAkhyAnavattigranthamadhyavartinaH khalvamI ilokAH |...."sNgrhshlokaastu vRttyupadarzitasya vArtikArthasya saMgrahaparA iti vizeSaH / " ina zabdoMmeM antarazloka aura saMgrahazlokakI vizeSatA batAI hai| vAdirAjasUrikI vyAkhyA gadyabhAgapara to nahIM hI hai| padyoMmeM bhI sambhavataH kucha padya avyAkhyAta chUTa gae haiN|
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________________ 100 : DaoN0 mahendrakumAra jaina nyAyAcArya smRti-grantha kArikA saMkhyA-nyAyavinizcayakI malakArikAe~ pRthak-pRthak pUrNarUpase likhI huI nahIM miltii| inakA uddhAra vivaraNagata kArikAMzoMko jor3akara kiyA gayA hai| ataH jahA~ ye kArikAe~ pUrI nahIM milatI vahA~ uddhRta aMzako [ ] isa brakiTameM de diyA hai| akalaGkagrantha trayameM nyAyavinizcaya mala prakAzita ho cukA hai / usameM prathama prastAvameM 169 // kArikAe~ mudrita haiM, para vastutaH isa prastAvakI kArikAoMkI abhrAnta saMkhyA 168 // hai| akalaGkagranthatrayagata nyAyavinizcayameM 'hitAhitApti' ( kArikA naM. 4) kArikA mUlakI samajhakara chApI gaI hai, para aba yaha kArikA vAdirAjakI svakRta jJAta hotI hai / nyAyavinizcayavivaraNa (pR0 115 ) meM likhA hai ki-"kariSyate hi sadasajjJAna ityAdinA indriyapratyakSasya, parokSajJAna ityAdinA anindriyapratyakSasya, lakSaNaM samamityAdinA cAtIndriyapratyakSasamarthanam" isa ullekhase jJAta hotA hai ki tInoM pratyakSoMkA prakArAntarase samarthana kArikAoMmeM kiyA gayA hai lakSaNa nahIM / mala kArikAoMmeM na to anindriya pratyakSakA lakSaNa hai aura na atIndriya pratyakSakA, taba kevala indriyapratyakSakA lakSaNa kyoM kiyA hogA ? dUsare pakSameM isa zlokakI vyAkhyA (pR0 105, 111 ) vivaraNameM maujUda hai aura vyAkhyAke AdhAroMse hI ukta zlokako maiMne pahale mUlakA mAnA thaa| ho sakatA hai ki vAdirAjane svakRta zlokakA hI tAtparyodghATana kiyA ho / athavA vRttimeM hI gadyameM ukta lakSaNa ho aura vAdirAjane use padya baddha kara diyA ho / jaisA ki laghIyastraya svavRtti (pR0 21 ) meM "indriyArthajJAnaM spaSTaM hitAhitaprAptiparihArasamarthaM prAdezikaM pratyakSam'' yaha indriyapratyakSakA lakSaNa milatA hai / athava. ise ho vAdirAjane padyabaddha kara diyA ho / phalataH hamane isa zlokako isa vivaraNameM vAdirAjakRta hI mAnakara choTe TAipameM chApA hai / akalaGkagrantha trayakI prastAvanAmeM isa zlokake sambandhameM maiMne paM0 kailAzacandrajIke matakI caracA kI thI / anusandhAnase unakA mata isa samaya ucita mAlama hotA hai| akalaGkagranthatrayameM mudrita kArikA naM0 38 kA "grAhyabhedo na saMvitti bhinattyAkArabhaGgyapi" yaha uttarArdha mUlakA nahIM hai| kArikA naM0 129 ke pUrvArdhake bAda "tathA sunizcitastaistu tattvato viprazaMsataH" yaha uttarArdha mUlakA honA caahie| isa taraha isa paricchedakI kArikAoMkI saMkhyA 168 // raha jAtI hai| prastuta vivaraNameM chApate samaya kArikAoMke nambara denemeM gar3abar3I ho gaI hai| tADapatrIya pratimeM prAyaH mUla zlokoMke pahile * isaprakArakA cihna banA huA hai, jahA~ pUre zloka Ae hai / kArikA naM0 4 para yaha cihna nahIM banA hai| akalaGkagranthatrayameM mudrita prathama paricchedakI kArikAoMmeM nimnalikhita saMzodhana honA cAhiekArikA naM0 16 -zabdo -zakto / kArikA naM0 24 -vanyace -vntyce-| kArikA naM0 31 na vijJAnA na hi jnyaanaa-| kArikA naM0 70 -meSa nizcayaH -meSa vinizcayaH / kArikA naM0 78 kathanna tat kathaM tataH / kArikA naM0 102 drumepva dhruvessv-| kArikA naM0 140 atadArambha atadAbhadvitIya aura tRtIya paricchedameM mudrita kArikAoM meM nimnalikhita kArikAparivartanAdi haiM-kArikA naM0 194 kI racanA-"ataddhetuphalApohaH sAmAnyaM cedapohinAm / sandayate tathA buddhayA na tathA' prtipttitH|" isaprakAra honI cAhie /
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________________ 4 / viziSTa nibandha : 101 kArikA naM0 283 ke 5 pUrvArdha ke bAda "citracattavicitrA bhadRSTabhaGgaprasaGgataH / sa naikaH sarvathA zleSAt nAneko bhedarUpataH / " yaha kArikA aura honI cAhie / kArikA naM0 372 kA " pUrvapakSamavijJAya dUSako'pi vidUSakaH" yaha uttarArdha mUlakA nahIM hai / kArikA naM0 431 ke bAda "tataH zabdArthayornAsti sambandho'pauruSeyakaH " yaha kArikArdha aura honA cAhie / kArikA naM0 475 ke bAda " pramA pramitihetutvAt prAmANyamupagamyate" yaha kArikArdha aura honA cAhie / ataH akalaGka granthatrayagata nyAyavinizcayake aGka anusAra saMpUrNa grantha meM 480 // kArikAe~ phalita hotI haiM / nyAyavinizcayavivaraNa - nyAyavinizcayake padya bhAgapara prabalatArkika syAdvAdavidyApati vAdirAjasUrikRta tAtparyavidyotinI vyAkhyAnaratnamAlA upalabdha hai / jisakA nAma ' nyAyavinizcaya-vivaraNa hai, jaisA ki vAdirAjakRta isa ilokase prakaTa hai "praNipatya sthirabhaktyA gurUn parAnaSyudArabuddhiguNAn / nyAyavinizcayavivaraNamabhiramaNIyaM mayA kriyate // " laghIyastrayakI taraha nyAyavinizcayavivaraNa ( prathamabhAga pR0 229 ) meM Ae hue 'vRttimadhyavartitvAt', 'vRtticUrNInAM tu vistArabhayAnnAsmAbhirvyAkhyAnamupadarzyate' ina avataraNoMse spaSTa hai ki nyAyavinizcayapara akalaGkadevakI svavRtti avazya rahI hai / vRttike madhya meM bhI zloka the jo antarazlokake nAmase prasiddha the / isake sivAya vRttike dvArA pradarzita mUlavArtika ke arthako saMgraha karanevAle saMgrahazloka bhI the / vAdirAjasUrine jina 480 || zlokoM kA vyAkhyAna vivaraNameM kiyA hai unameM antarazloka aura saMgrahazloka bhI zAmila haiM / kitane saMgrahazloka haiM aura kitane annarazloka, isakA ThIka nirNaya bAdameM ho sakegA / para vAdirAjasUrine vRtti yA cUrNigata sabhI zlokoMkA vyAkhyAna nahIM kiyA / pR0 301 meM ' tathA ca sUktaM cUrNo devasya vacanam' isa utthAna - vAkyake sAtha "samAropanyavacchedAt " Adi zloka uddhRta hai / yadi vAdirAjasUri nyAyavinizcayakI svavRttiko hI cUrNizabdase kahate haiM to kahanA hogA ki Apane vRtti yA cUrNigata sabhI zlokoMkA vyAkhyAna nahIM kiyA, kyoMki 'samAropavyavacchedAt' zloka mUlameM zAmila nahIM kiyA gayA hai / 1. paramparAgata prasiddhi ke anusAra isakA nAma nyAyakumudacandrake nyAyakumudacandrodayakI taraha nyAyavinizcayAlaGkAra rUDha ho gayA hai / parantu vastutaH vAdirAjake ukta ilokagata ullekhAnusAra isakA mukhya AkhyAna nyAyavinizcayavivaraNa hai; dUsare zabdoM meM ise tAtparyAvadyotinI vyAkhyAna ratnamAlA bhI kaha sakate haiM | para nyAyavinizcayAlaGkAra nAmakA samarthana kisI bhI pramANase nahIM hotA / paM0 paramAnandajI zAstrI, sarasAvAne isakA nyAyavinizcayAlaGkAra nAma bhI mAnakara isake 'pramANa nirNaya se pahile race jAneke sambandha meM pramANa nirNaya ( pR0 16 ) gata yaha avataraNa ekIbhAvastotra kI prastAvanA ( pR0 15 ) meM upasthita kiyA hai"ata eva parAmarzAtmakatvaM spASTaya meva mAnasapratyakSasya pratipAditamalaGkAre - idamityAdi yajjJAnamabhyAsAt purataH sthite / sAkSAtkaraNatastatra pratyakSaM mAnasaM matam // " parantu isa avataraNa meM 'alaGkAra' zabda se nyAyavinizcayAlaGkAra iSTa nahIM hai, kyoMki yaha zloka vAdirAjasUri ke nyAyavinizcayavivaraNakA nahIM hai, kintu prajJAkaraguptakRta pramANavArtikAlaGkAra ( likhita pR0 4 ) kA hai, aura ise vAdirAjane nyAyavinizcayavivaraNa ( pR0 119 ) meM pUrvapakSarUpase uddhRta kiyA hai / vAdirAja ne svayaM nyAyavinizcayavivaraNa meM bIsoM jagaha pramANavArtikAlaGkArakA 'alaGkAra' nAmase ullekha kiyA hai / ataH nyAyavinizcayavivaraNakA nyAyavinizcayAlaGkAra nAma nirmUla hai aura mAtra zrutimAdhurya nimitta hI pracalita ho gayA hai /
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________________ 102 : DaoN0 mahendrakumAra jaina nyAyAcArya smRti-grantha isa taraha vRtti ke yAvat gadyabhAgakI to vyAkhyA kI hI nahIM gaI, sambhavataH kucha padya bhI chaTa gae haiM / jaisA ki siddhivinizcayaTIkA ( pR0 120 A ) ke niznalikhita ullekhoMse spaSTa hai "taduktaM nyAyavinizcaye-na caitad bahireva / kiM tarhi ? bahirbahiriva prtibhaaste| kuta etat ? bhraanteH| tadanyatra samAnam / iti / " siddhivinizcayaTIkA ( pR0 69 A ) meM hI nyAyavinizcayake nAmase 'sukhamAlhAdanAkAraM' zloka uddhRta hai "kathamanyathA nyAyavinizcaye sahabhuvo guNA ityasya sukhamAlAdanAkAraM vijJAnaM meyabodhanam / zaktiH kriyAnumeyA syAt yUnaH kAntAsamAgame / / iti nidarzanaM syAt / ' yaha zloka siddhi vinizcayaTIkAke ullekhAnusAra nyAyavinizcaya svavRttikA honA caahie| kyoMki vaha 'guNaparyayavadravyaM te sahakramavRttayaH' ( zlo0 111 ) ke guNa zabdakI vRttimeM udAharaNarUpase diyA gayA yaha bhI sambhava hai ki akalaGkadevane svayaM isa zlokako vattimeM udadhata kiyA ho kyoMki vAdirAja ise syAdvAdamahArNava granthakA batAte haiN| yaha bhI cittako lagatA hai ki nyAyavinizcayakI ukta vRtti hI sambhavataH syAdvAdamahArNavake nAmase prakhyAta rahI ho / jo ho, para abhI yaha saba sAdhaka pramANoMkA abhAva honese sambhAvanAkoTimeM hI hai / nyAyavinizcayavivaraNakI racanA atyanta prasanna tathA maulika hai| tattata pUrvapakSoMko samaddha aura prAmANika banAne ke lie agaNita granthoMke pramANa uddhRta kiye gaye haiM / jahA~ taka maiMne adhyayana kiyA hai vAdirAjasUrike Upara kisI bhI dArzanika AcAryakA sIdhA prabhAva nahIM hai| ve haraeka viSayako svayaM AtmasAta karake hI vyavasthita DhaMgase yuktiyoMkA jAla bichAte haiM jisase prativAdIko nikalanekA avasara hI nahIM mila pAtA / sAMkhyake pUrvapakSameM (pR0 231) yogabhASyakA ullekha 'vindhyavAsinI bhASyam' zabdase kiyA hai| sAMkhyakArikAke eka prAcIna nibandhase ( pR0 234) bhogakI paribhASA uddhRta kI hai| bauddhamatasamIkSAmeM dharmakIrtike pramANa vArtika aura prajJAkarake vArtikAlaGkArakI itanI gaharI aura vistata AlocanA anyatra dekhane meM nahIM aaii| vArtikAlaGkArakA to AdhA-sA bhAga isameM Alocita hai| dharmottara, zAntabhadra, arcaTa Adi pramukha bauddha granthakAra inakI tIkhI AlocanAse nahIM chUTe haiN| mImAMsAdarzanakI samAlocanAmeM zabara, umbeka, prabhAkara, maNDana, kumArila AdikA gambhIra paryAlocana hai| isI taraha nyAyavaizeSika matameM vyomaziva, Atreya, bhAsarvajJa, vizvarUpa Adi prAcIna AcAryoMke mata unake granthoMse uddhRta karake Alocita hue haiM / upaniSadoMkA 'vedamastaka' zabdase ullekha kiyA gayA hai| isa taraha jitanA parapakSasamIkSaNakA bhAga hai vaha una-una matoMke prAcInatama granthoMse lekara hI pUrvapakSa meM sthApita karake Alocita kiyA gayA hai| svapakSasaMsthApanameM samantabhadrAdi AcAryoM ke pramANavAkyoMse pakSakA samarthana paripuSTa rItise kiyA hai| jaba vAdirAja kArikAoMkA vyAkhyAna karate haiM to unako apUrva vaiyAkaraNacuJcatA cittako vismita kara detI hai| kisI-kisI kArikAke pA~ca-pA~ca artha taka inhoMne kie haiN| do artha to sAdhAraNatayA aneka kArikAoMke dRSTigocara hote haiM / kAvyachaTA aura sAhityasarjakatA to inakI pada-padapara apanI AbhAse nyAyabhAratIko samujjvala banAtI huI sahRdayoMke hRdayako AhvAdita karatI hai| sAre vivaraNameM karIba 2000
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________________ 4 / viziSTa nibandha : 103 2500 padya svayaM vAdirAjake hI dvArA race gae haiM jo inakI kAvya-cAturIko pratyeka pRSThapara mata kie hae haiN| inakI tarkaNAzakti apanI maulika hai| kyA pUrvapakSa aura kyA uttarapakSa, donoMkA bandhAna prasAda oja aura mAdhuryase samalakRta hokara tarkapravaNatAkA ucca adhiSThAna hai| isa zlokameM kitane ojake sAtha yamakameM acarTakA upahAsa kiyA hai "arcatacaTaka, tadasmAduparama dustarkapakSabalacalanAt / syAdvAdAcalavidalanacaJcuna tavAsti nayacaJcuH // " (pR0 449 ) isa taraha samagra granthakA koI bhI pRSTha vAdirAjakI sAhityapravaNatA, zabdaniSNAtatA aura dArzanikatAkI yugapata pratIti karA sakatA hai| ekIbhAvastotrake antameM pAyA jAnevAlA yaha padya vAdirAjakA bhUtagaNodbhAvaka hai mAtra stutiparaka nahIM __ "vAdirAjamanu zAbdikaloko vAdirAjamanu taarkiksiNhH| vAdirAjamanu kAvyakRtaste vAdirAjamanu bhavyasahAyaH // " vAdirAjakA 'ekIbhAvastotra' usa niSThAvAn aura bhakti-vibhoramAnasakA parispadana hai jisakI sAdhanAse bhavya apanA carama lakSya pA sakatA hai| isa taraha vAdirAja tArkika hokara bhI bhakta the, vaiyAkaraNacaNapa hokara bhI kAvyakalAke hRdayAha lAdaka lIlAdhAma the aura the akalaGkanyAyake saphala vyaakhyaakaar| jainadarzanake granthAgArameM vAdirAjakA nyAyavinizcayavivaraNa apanI maulikatA, gambhIratA, anucchiSTatA, yuktipravaNatA, pramANasaMgrahatA AdikA advitIya udAharaNa hai| isake prathama pratyakSa prastAvakA saMkSipta viSayaparicaya isa prakAra haipratyakSa pariccheda nyAyavinizcaya granthake tIna pariccheda haiM-1-pratyakSa 2-anumAna aura 3-pravacana / isa grantha meM akalaMkadevane nyAyake vinizcaya karanekI pratijJA kI hai| ve nyAya arthAta syAdvAdamadrAMkita jaina AmnAyako kalikAla doSase gaNadveSo vyaktiyoM dvArA malina kiyA huA dekhakara vicalita ho uThate haiM aura bhavya paruSoM kI hitakAmanAse samyagjJAna-vacana rUpI jalase usa nyAyapara Ae hue malako dUra karake usako nirmala banAneke lie kRtasaMkalpa hote haiN| jisake dvArA vastu-svarUpakA nirNaya kiyA jAya use nyAya kahate haiN| arthAta nyAya una upAyoMko kahate haiM jinase vastu-tattvakA nizcaya ho| aise upAya tattvArthasUtra (116) meM pramANa aura naya do hI nirdiSTa haiM / AtmAke ananta guNoMmeM upayoga hI eka aisA guNa hai jisake dvArA AtmAko lakSita kiyA jA sakatA hai| upayoga arthAt citizakti / upayoga do prakArakA hai, eka jJAnopayoga aura dUsarA darzanopayoga / eka hI upayoga jaba parapadArthoke jAnane ke kAraNa sAkAra banatA hai taba jJAna kahalAtA hai / vahI upayoga jaba bAhyapadArthoMmeM upayukta na rahakara mAtra caitanyarUpa rahatA hai taba nirAkAra avasthAmeM darzana kahalAtA hai| yadyapi dArzanikakSetrameM darzanakI vyAkhyA badalI hai aura vaha caitanyAkArakI paridhiko lAMghakara padArthoke sAmAnyAvalokana taka jA pahu~cI hai parantu siddhAnta granthoMmeM darzanakA 'anupayukta Adarzatalavat' hI varNana hai| siddhAnta graMthoMmeM spaSTatayA viSaya aura viSayIke sannipAtake pahile 'darzana' kA kAla batAyA hai| jaba taka AtmA ekapadArthaviSayajJAnopayogase cyuta hokara dUsare padArthaviSayaka upayogameM pravRtta nahIM haA taba taka bIcakI nirAkAra avasthA darzana kahI jAtI hai| isa avasthAmeM caitanya nirAkAra yA caitanyAkAra rahatA hai| dArzanika granthoMmeM 'darzana' viSayaviSayIke sannipAtake anantara vastuke sAmAnyAvalokana rUpameM varNita hai| aura vaha hai bauddhasammata nirvikalpajJAna aura naiyAyikAdisammata sannikarSa jJAnakI pramANatAkA nirAkaraNa
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________________ 104 : DaoN0 mahendrakumAra jaina nyAyAcArya smRti-grantha karaneke lie / isakA yahI tAtparya hai ki bauddhAdi jisa nirvikalpakako pramANa mAnate haiM jaina use darzanakoTimeM ginate haiM aura vaha pramANakI sImAse bahirbhUta hai / astu / upAyatattvameM jJAna hI AtA hai / jaba jJAna vastu ke pUrNarUpako jAnatA hai taba pramANa kahA jAtA hai tathA jaba dezako jAnatA hai taba ny| pramANakA lakSaNa sAdhAraNatayA 'pramAkaraNaM pramANam' yaha sarva-svIkRta hai| vivAda yaha hai ki karaNa kauna ho? naiyAyika sannikarSa aura jJAna donoMkA karaNa rUpase nirdeza karate hai / parantu jaina paramparAmeM ajJAnanivRttirUpa pramitikA karaNa jJAnako mAnate haiN| AcArya samantabhadra aura siddhasenane pramANake lakSaNameM 'svaparAvabhAsaka' padakA samAveza kiyA hai| isa padakA tAtparya hai ki pramANako 'sva' aura 'para' donoMkA nizcaya karAnevAlA honA cAhie / yadyapi akalaMkadeva aura mANikyanandIne pramANake lakSaNameM 'anadhigatArtha grAhI' aura 'apUrvArthavyavasAyAtmaka' padoMkA niveza kiyA hai, para yaha sarvasvIkRta nahIM haA / AcArya hemacandrane to 'svAvabhAsaka' pada bhI pramANake lakSaNameM anAvazyaka samajhA hai| unakA kahanA hai ki svAvabhAsakatva jJAnasAmAnyakA dharma hai / jJAna cAhe pramANa ho yA apramANa, vaha svasaMvedI hogA hii| tAtparya yaha hai ki jaina paramparAmeM aisA svasaMvedI jJAna pramANa hogA jo para-padArtha-nirNaya karanevAlA ho| pramANa sakalAdezI hotA hai, vaha eka guNake dvArA bhI pUrI vastuko viSaya karatA hai| naya vikalAdezI hotA hai, kyoMki vaha jisa dharmakA sparza karatA hai use ho mukhya bhAvase viSaya karatA hai| pramANake bheda-sAmAnyatayA prAcIna kAlase jaina paramparAmeM pramANake pratyakSa aura parokSa ye do bheda nirvivAda rUpase svIkRta cale A rahe haiM / AtmamAtra-sApekSa jJAnako pratyakSa kahate haiM tathA jisa jJAnameM indriya mana prakAza Adi parasAdhanoMkI apekSA ho vaha jJAna parokSa kahA jAtA hai / pratyakSa aura parokSakI yaha paribhASA jaina paramparAkI apanI hai / jaina paramparAmeM pratyeka vastu apane pariNamanameM svayaM upAdAna hotI hai| jitane paranimittaka pariNamana hai, saba vyavahAramUlaka haiN| jitane mAtra svanimittaka pariNamana haiM ve paramArtha haiM, nizcayanayake viSaya haiN| pratyakSa aura parokSake lakSaNameM bhI vahI svAbhimakha dRSTi kArya kara rahI hai| aura usake nirvAhake lie akSa zabdakA artha ( akSNoti vyApnoti jAnAtItyakSa AtmA) AtmA kiyA gayA / pratyakSake lokaprasiddha arthake nirvAhake lie indriyajanya jJAnako sAMvyavahArika saMjJA dii| yadyapi zAstrIya paramArtha vyAkhyAke anusAra indriyajanya jJAna parasApekSa honese parokSa hai kintu lokavyavahArameM inako pratyakSarUpase prasiddhi hone ke kAraNa inheM saMvyavahAra pratyakSa kaha diyA jAtA hai| jainadaSTimeM upAdAnayaM vizeSa bhAra diyA gayA hai, nimittase yadyapi upAdAna-yogyatA vikasita hotI hai, para nimittAdhIna pariNamana utkRSTa yA zuddha nahIM samajhe jaate| isIlie pratyakSa-jaise utkRSTa jJAnameM indriya aura mana-jaise nikaTatama sAdhanoMkI apekSA bhI svIkAra nahIM kI gii| pratyakSa vyavahArakA kAraNa bhI AtmamAtrasApekSatA hI nirUpitakI gaI hai aura parokSa vyavahArake lie indriya mana Adi parapadArthoM kI apekSA rkhnaa| yaha to jainadRSTikA apanA AdhyAtmika nirUpaNa hai| usa pratyakSa jJAnakI paribhASA karate hae akalaMkadevane kahA hai ki "pratyakSalakSaNaM prAhuH spaSTaH saakaarmnyjsaa| dravyaparyAyasAmAnyavizeSArthAtmavedanam // " arthAta-jo jJAna paramArthataH spaSTa ho, sAkAra ho, dravyaparyAyAtmaka aura sAmAnyavizeSAtmaka arthako viSaya karanevAlA ho aura AtmavedI ho use pratyakSa kahate haiN| isa lakSaNameM akalaMkadevane nimnalikhita mudde vicArakoTike lAyaka rakhe haiM
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________________ 4 / viziSTa nivandha 105 1-jJAna AtmavedI hotA hai| 2-jJAna sAkAra hotA hai| 3-jJAna arthako jAnatA hai| 4-artha sAmAnyavizeSAtmaka hai| 5-artha dravyaparyAyAtmaka hai| 6-vaha jJAna pratyakSa hogA jo paramArthataH spaSTa ho| jJAnakA Atmaveditva-jJAna AtmAkA guNa hai yA nahIM' yaha prazna bhI dArzanikoMkI carcAkA viSaya rahA hai| bhUtacaitanyavAdI cArvAka jJAnako pRthvI Adi bha toMkA hI dharma mAnatA hai| vaha sthUla yA dRzya bhUtoMkA dharma svIkAra na karake sUkSma aura adRzya bhUtoMke vilakSaNasaMyogase utpanna honevAle avasthAvizeSako jJAna kahatA hai / sAMkhya caitanyako puruSadharma svIkAra karake bhI jJAna yA buddhiko prakRtikA dharma mAnatA hai / sAMkhyake matase caitanya aura jJAna judA-judA haiM / puruSagata caitanya bAhyapadArthoMko nahIM jAnatA / bAhyapadArthoko jAnanevAlA buddhitattva jise 'mahattatva bhI kahate haiM prakRtikA hI pariNAma hai| yaha buddhi ubhayataH pratibimbI darpaNake samAna hai| isameM eka ora puruSagata caitanya pratiphalita hotA hai aura dUsarI ora padArthoM ke AkAra / isa buddhi madhyamake dvArA hI puruSako "maiM ghaTako jAnatA hU~" yaha mithyA ahaMkAra hone lagatA hai| nyAya-vaizeSaka-jJAnako AtmAkA guNa mAnate avazya hai, para inake matameM AtmA dravyapadArtha pRthaka hai tathA jJAna guNapadArtha judA / yaha AtmAkA yAvadravyabhAvI arthAt jaba taka AtmA hai taba taka usameM avazya rahanevAlA-guNa nahIM hai kintu AtmamanaHsaMyoga, mana-indriya-padArtha sannikarSa Adi kAraNoMse utpanna honevAlA vizeSa guNa hai / jaba taka ye nimitta mileMge, jJAna utpanna hogA, na mileMge na hogaa| mukta avasthAmeM mana indriya AdikA sambandha na rahaneke kAraNa jJAnakI dhArA ucchinna ho jAtI hai| isa avasthAmeM AtmA svarUpamAtramagna rahatA hai / tAtparya yaha ki buddhi sukha duHkha Adi vizeSa guNa aupAdhika hai, svabhAvataH AtmA jJAnazUnya hai / Izvara nAmakI eka AtmA aisI hai jo anAdyananta nityajJAnavAlI hai| paramAtmAke sivAya anya sabhI jIvAtmAe~ svabhAvataH jJAnazUnya hai| vedAntI jJAna aura caitanyako judA-judA mAnakara caitanyakA Azraya brahma ko tathA jJAnakA Azraya antaHkaraNako mAnate haiM / zaddha brahmameM viSayaparicchedaka jJAnakA koI astitva zeSa nahIM rhtaa| mImAMsaka jJAnako AtmAkA hI guNa mAnate haiM / inake yahA~ jJAna aura AtmAmeM tAdAtmya mAnA gayA hai| bauddha paramparAmeM jJAna nAma yA cittarUpa hai| makta avasthA meM cittasantati nirAsrava ho jAtI hai| isa avasthAmeM yaha cittasantati ghaTapaTAdi bAhyapadArthoMko nahIM jaantii| jainaparamparA jJAnako anAdyananta svAbhAvika guNa mAnatI hai jo mokSa dazAmeM apanI pUrNa avasthAmeM rahatA hai| 'saMsAra dazAmeM jJAna Atmagata dharma hai' isa viSayameM cArvAka aura sAMkhyake sivAya prAyaH sabhI vAdI ekamata haiM / para vicAraNIya bAta yaha hai ki jaba jJAna utpanna hotA hai taba vaha dIpakakI taraha svaparaprakAzI utpanna hotA hai yA nahIM ? isa sambandhameM aneka mata haiM-1. mImAMsaka jJAnako parokSa kahatA hai / usakA kahanA hai ki jJAna parokSa hI utpanna hotA hai| jaba usake dvArA padArthakA bodha ho jAtA hai taba anumAnase jJAnako jAnA jAtA hai-cUMki padArthakA bodha huA hai aura kriyA binA karaNa ke ho nahIM sakatI ataH karaNabhUta jJAna honA cAhie / mImAMsakako jJAnako parokSa mAnanekA yahI kAraNa hai ki isane atIndriya padArthakA jJAna vedake dvArA hI mAnA hai / dharbha Adi atIndriya padArthokA pratyakSa kisI vyakti vizeSako nahIM ho sakatA / usakA jJAna vedake dvArA hI ho sakatA hai| phalataH jJAna jaba atIndriya hai taba use parokSa honA hI cAhie /
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________________ 106 : DaoN0 mahendrakumAra jaina nyAyAcArya smRti grantha dUsarA mata naiyAyikoM kA hai / inake matase bhI jJAna parokSa hI utpanna hotA hai aura usakA jJAna dvitIya jJAnase hotA hai aura dvitIyakA tRtIyase / anavasthA dUSaNakA parihAra jaba jJAna viSayAntarako jAnane lagatA hai taba isa jJAnakI dhArA ruka jAneke kAraNa ho jAtA hai / inakA mata jJAnAntaravedyajJAnavAda ke nAmase prasiddha hai / naiyAyikake mata se jJAnakA pratyakSa saMyuktasamavAyasannikarSase hotA hai / mana AtmAse saMyukta hotA hai aura AtmAmeM jJAnakA samavAya hotA hai / isa prakAra jJAnake utpanna honepara sannikarSajanya dvitIya mAnasajJAna prathama jJAnakA pratyakSa karatA hai / sAMkhya ne puruSako svasaMcetaka svIkAra kiyA hai / isake mata meM buddhi yA jJAna prakRtikA vikAra hai / ise mahattatva kahate haiM / yaha svayaM acetana hai / buddhi ubhayamukhapratibimbI darpaNa ke samAna hai / isameM eka ora puruSa pratiphalita hotA hai tathA dUsarI ora padArtha / isa buddhi-pratibimbita puruSake dvArA for pratyakSa hotA hai, svayaM nahIM / vedAntI ke mata meM brahma svaprakAza hai ataH svabhAvataH brahmakA vivarta jJAna svaprakAzI honA hI cAhie / prabhAkara ke mata meM saMvitta svaprakAzinI hai, vaha saMvitta rUpase svayaM jAnI jAtI hai / isa taraha jJAnako anAtmavedI yA asvasaMvedI mAnanevAle mukhyatayA mImAMsaka aura naiyAyika hI haiM / akalaMkadevane isakI mImAMsA karate hue likhA hai ki- yadi jJAna svayaM apratyakSa ho arthAt apane svarUpako na jAnatA ho to usake dvArA padArthakA jJAna hameM nahIM ho sakatA / devadatta apane jJAna ke dvArA hI padArthoM ko kyoM jAnatA hai, yajJadattake jJAnake dvArA kyoM nahIM jAnatA ? yA pratyeka vyakti apane jJAnake dvArA hI artha parijJAna karate haiM AtmAntarake jJAnase nahIM / isakA sIdhA aura spaSTa kAraNa yahI hai ki devadattakA jJAna svayaM apaneko jAnatA hai aura isaliye tadabhinna devadattakI AtmAko jJAta hai ki amuka jJAna mujhameM utpanna huA hai / yajJadattameM jJAna utpanna ho jAya para devadattako usakA patA hI nahIM calatA / ataH yajJadatta ke jJAnake dvArA devadatta arthabodha nahIM kara pAtA / yadi jaise yajJadattakA jJAna utpanna honepara bhI devadattako parokSa rahatA hai, usI prakAra devadattako svayaM apanA jJAna parokSa ho arthAt utpanna honepara bhI svayaM apanA parijJAna na karatA ho to devadatta ke lie apanA jJAna yajJadatta ke jJAnako taraha hI parAyA ho gayA aura usase arthabodha nahIM honA caahie| vaha jJAna hamAre AtmAse sambandha rakhatA hai itane mAtrase hama usake dvArA padArthabodhake adhikArI nahIM ho sakate jaba taka ki vaha svayaM hamAre pratyakSa arthAt svayaM apane hI pratyakSa nahIM ho jAtA / apane hI dvitIya jJAnake dvArA usakA pratyakSa mAnakara usase arthabodha karanekI kalpanA isalie ucita nahIM hai ki koI bhI yogI apane yogaja pratyakSa ke dvArA hamAre jJAnako pratyakSa kara sakatA hai jaise ki hama svayaM apane dvitIya jJAnake dvArA prathama jJAnakA, para itane mAtrase vaha yogI hamAre jJAnase padArthoMkA bodha nahIM kara letA / use to jo bhI bodha hogA svayaM apane hI jJAna dvArA hogaa| tAtparya yaha ki hamAre jJAnameM yahI svakIyatva hai jo vaha svayaM apanA bodha karatA hai aura apane AdhArabhUta AtmAse tAdAtmya rakhatA hai / yaha saMbhava hI nahIM haiM ki jJAna utpanna ho jAya arthAt apanI upayoga dazAmeM A jAya aura AtmAko yA svayaM use jJAnakA hI patA na cle| vaha to dopaka yA sUryakI taraha svayaMprakAzo hI utpanna hotA hai / vaha padArtha ke bodhake sAtha hI sAtha apanA saMvedana svayaM karatA hai / isameM na to kSaNabheda hai aura na parokSatA hI / jJAnake svaprakAzI hone meM yaha bAdhA bhI ki vaha ghaTAdi padArthoMkI taraha jJeya ho jAyagA nahIM ho sakatI; kyoMki jJAna ghaTako jJeyatvena jAnatA hai tathA apane svarUpako jJAnarUpase / ataH usameM jJeyarUpatAkA prasaGga nahIM A sakatA / isake lie
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________________ 4 / viziSTa nibandha : 107 dIpakase bar3hakara samadRSTAnta dUsarA nahIM ho sktaa| dIpakake dekhaneke lie dUsare dIpakakI AvazyakatA nahIM hotI, bhale hI vaha padArthoMko manda yA aspaSTa dikhAve para apane rUpako to jaisekA taisA prakAzita karatA hI hai / jJAna cAhe saMzayarUpa ho yA viparyayarUpa yA anadhyavasAyAtmaka svayaM apane jJAnarUpakA prakAzaka hotA hI hai| jJAnameM saMzayarUpatA, viparyayarUpatA yA pramANatAkA nizcaya bAhyapadArthake yathArthaprakAzakatva aura ayathArthaprakAzakatvake adhIna hai para jJAnarUpatA yA prakAzarUpatAkA nizcaya to usakA svAdhIna hI hai usameM jJAnAntarakI AvazyakatA nahIM hotI aura na vaha ajJAta raha sakatA hai / tAtparya yaha ki-koI bhI jJAna jaba upayoga avasthAmeM AtA hai taba ajJAta hokara nahIM raha sktaa| hA~, labdhi vA zakti rUpameM vaha jAta na ho yaha jadI bAta hai kyoMki zaktikA parijJAna karanA viziSTajJAnakA kArya hai| para yahA~ to prazna upayogAtmaka jJAnakA hai / koI bhI upayogAtmaka jJAna ajJAta nahIM raha sakatA, vaha to jagAtA huA hI utpanna hotA hai, use apanA jJAna karAneke lie kisI jJAnAntarakI apekSA nahIM hai| yadi jJAnako parokSa mAnA jAya to usakA sadbhAva siddha karanA kaThina ho jaaygaa| 'arthaprakAza' rUpa hetuse usakI siddhi karanemeM nimnalikhita bAdhAe~ hai-pahile to arthaprakAza svayaM jJAna hai, ataH jaba taka arthaprakAza ajJAta hai taba taka usake dvArA mUlajJAnakI siddhi nahIM ho sktii| yaha eka sarvamAnya siddhAnta hai ki-"apratyakSopalambhasya nArtha siddhi : prasidhyati"-arthAt apratyakSa-ajJAta jJAnake dvArA arthasiddhi nahIM hotI / "nAjJAtaM jJApakaM nAma"- svayaM ajJAta dUsarekA jJApaka nahIM ho sakatA, yaha bhI sarvasammata nyAya hai| phalataH yaha Avazyaka hai ki pahile arthaprakAzakA jJAna ho jAya / yadi arthaprakAzake jJAnake liye anyajJAna apekSita ho to usa anyajJAnake lie tadanyajJAna isa taraha anavasthA nAmakA dUSaNa AtA hai aura isa anantajJAnaparamparAkI kalpanA karate rahanemeM AdyajJAna ajJAta hI banA rhegaa| yadi arthaprakAza svavedI hai to prathamajJAnako svavedI mAnane meM kyA bAdhA hai ? svavedI arthaprakAzase hI arthabodha ho jAnepara mala jJAnakI kalpanA hI nirarthaka ho jAtI hai / dUsarI bAta yaha hai ki jaba taka jJAna aura arthaprakAzakA avinAbhAva sambandha gRhIta nahIM hogA taba taka usase jJAnakA anumAna nahIM kiyA jA sktaa| yaha avinAbhAva grahaNa apanI AtmAmeM to isalie nahIM bana sakatA ki abhI taka jJAna hI ajJAta hai tathA anya AtmAke jJAnakA pratyakSa nahIM ho sakatA / ataH avinAbhAvakA grahaNa na hone ke kAraNa anumAnase bhI jJAnakI sattA siddha nahIM kI jA sktii| isI taraha padArtha, indriyA~, mAnasika upayoga Adise bhI mUlajJAnakA anumAna nahIM ho sakatA / kAraNa inakA jJAnake sAtha koI avinAbhAva nahIM hai / padArtha Adi rahate haiM para kabhI-kabhI jJAna nahIM hotA / kadAcit avinAbhAva ho bhI to usakA grahaNa nahIM ho sktaa| AhalAdanAkAra pariNata jJAnako hI sukha kahate haiN| sAtasaMvedanako sukha aura asAtasaMvedanako duHkha sabhI vAdiyoMne mAnA hai / yadi jJAnako svasaMvedI nahIM mAnakara parokSa mAnate haiM, to parokSa sukha daHkhase AtmAko harSa viSAdAdi nahIM honA cAhie / yadi apane sukhako anumAnagrAhya yA jJAnAntaragrAhya mAnA jAya aura usase AtmAmeM harSaviSAdAdikI sambhAvanA kI jAya, to anya sukhI AtmAke sukhakA anumAna karake hameM harSa honA caahie| athavA kevalIko, jise sabhI jIvoMke sukhaduHkhAdikA pratyakSa jJAna ho rahA hai, hamAre sukhaduHkhase harSa viSAdAdi utpanna hone caahie| cUMki hamAre sukhaduHkhase hameM hI harSaviSAdAdi hote haiM, anya kisI anumAna karanevAle yA pratyakSa karanevAle AtmAntarako nahIM, ataH yaha mAnanA hI hogA ki ve hamAre svayaMpratyakSa haiM arthAt ve svaprakAzI haiN| yadi jJAnako parokSa mAnA jAtA hai to AtmAntarakI buddhikA anumAna nahIM kiyA jA sakatA / pahile hama svayaM apanI AtmA hI jaba taka buddhi aura vacanAdi vyApAroMkA avinAbhAva grahaNa nahIM kareMge taba taka
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________________ 108 : DaoN. mahendrakumAra jaina nyAyAcArya smRti-granthaM vacanAdi ceSTAoMse anyatra buddhikA anumAna kaise kara sakate haiM aura apanI AtmAmeM jaba taka buddhikA svayaM sAkSAtkAra nahIM ho jAtA taba taka avinAbhAvakA grahaNa asambhava hI hai| anya AtmAoMmeM to buddhi abhI asiddha hI hai| AtmAntarameM buddhikA anumAna nahIM honepara samasta guru-ziSya denalena Adi vyavasthAoMkA lopa ho jaaygaa| yadi ajJAta yA apratyakSa jJAnake dvArA artha-bodha mAnA jAtA hai, to sarvajJake jJAnake dvArA hameM sarvArthajJAna honA caahie| hameM hI kyoM, sabako sabake jJAnake dvArA arthabodha ho jAnA cAhiye / ataH jJAnako svasaMvedI mAne binA jJAnakA sadbhAva tathA usake dvArA pratiniyata arthabodha nahIM ho sakatA / ataH yaha Avazyaka hai ki usameM anubhavasiddha AtmasaMveditva svIkAra kiyA jAya / 2-naiyAyikakA jJAnako jJAnAntaravedya mAnanA ucita nahIM hai, kyoMki isameM anavasthA nAmakA mahAn dUSaNa AtA hai / jabataka eka bhI jJAna svasaMvedI nahIM mAnA jAtA taba taka pUrva-pUrva jJAnoMkA bodha karane liye uttara-uttara jJAnoMkI kalpanA karano ho hogii| kyoMki jo bhI jJAnavyakti ajJAta rahegI vaha svapUrva jJAnavyaktikI vedikA nahIM ho sakatI / aura isa taraha prathama jJAnake ajJAta rahanepara usake dvArA padArthakA bodha nahIM ho sakegA / eka jJAnake jAnaneke lie hI jaba isa taraha ananta jJAnapravAha calegA taba anya padArthokA jJAna kaba utpanna hogA ? thaka karake yA arucise yA anya padArthake samparkase pahilI jJAnAdhArAko adhUrI chor3akara anavasthAkA vAraNa karanA isaliye yuktiyukta nahIM hai ki jo dazA prathama jJAnakI huI hai aura jaise vaha bIca meM hI ajJAta dazAmeM laTaka rahA hai vahI dazA anya jJAnoMkI bhI hogI / IzvarakA jJAna yadi asvasaMvedI mAnA jAtA hai to usameM sarvajJatA siddha nahIM ho sakegI, kyoMki eka to usane apane svarUpako hI svayaM nahIM jAnA dUsare apratyakSa jJAnake dvArA vaha jagatkA parijJAna nahIM kara sakatA / Izvarake do nitya jJAna isalie mAnanA ki-ekase vaha jagatko jAnegA tathA dUsarese jJAnako-nirarthaka hai; kyoMki do jJAna eka sAtha upayoga dazAmeM nahIM raha skte| dUsare yadi vaha jJAnako jAnanevAlA dvitIya jJAna svayaM apane svarUpakA pratyakSa nahIM karatA to usase prathama arthajJAnakA pratyakSa nahIM ho skegaa| yadi pratyakSa kisI tRtIya jJAnase mAnA jAya to anavasthA dUSaNa hogaa| yadi dvitIya jJAnako svasaMvedI mAnate haiM to prathama jJAnako hI svasaMvedI mAnane meM kyA bAdhA hai ? 3-sAMkhyake matameM yadi jJAna prakRtikA vikAra honese acetana hai, vaha apane svarUpako nahIM jAnatA, usakA anubhava puruSa saMcetanake dvArA hotA hai to aise acetana jJAnakI kalpanAkA kyA prayojana hai ? jo puruSakA saMcetana jJAnake svarUpakA saMvedana karatA hai vahI padArthoM ko bhI jAna sakatA hai| puruSakA saMcetana yadi svasaMvedI nahIM hai to isa akicitkara jJAnako sattA bhI kisase siddha kI jAyagI? ataH svArthasaMvedaka puruSAnubhavase bhinna kisI prakRtivikArAtmaka acetana jJAnakI koI AvazyakatA nahIM raha jaatii| karaNa yA mAdhyamake lie indriyA~ aura mana maujUda haiM / vastutaH 'jJAna aura puruSagatasaMcetana' ye do judA hai hI nhiiN| puruSa, jise sAMkhya kUTastha nitya mAnatA hai, svayaM pariNAmI hai, pUrvaparyAyako chor3akara uttaraparyAyako dhAraNa karatA hai / saMcetanA aise pariNAmInitya puruSakA hI dharma ho sakatI hai| isase pRthak kisI acetana jJAnakI AvazyakatA hI nahIM hai / ataH jJAnamAtra svasaMvedI hai| vaha apane jAnaneke lie kisI anya jJAnakI apekSA nahIM krtaa| jJAnakI sAkAratA-jJAnakI sAkAratAkA sAdhAraNa artha yaha samajha liyA jAtA hai ki jaise darpaNameM ghaTa-paTa Adi padArthoMkA pratibimba AtA hai aura darpaNakA amuka bhAga ghaTachAyAkrAnta ho jAtA hai usI taraha jJAna bhI ghaTAkAra ho jAtA hai arthAt ghaTakA pratibimba jJAnameM pahu~ca jAtA hai| para vAstava bAta aisI
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________________ 4/ viziSTa nibandha : 109 nahIM hai / ghaTa aura darpaNa donoM marta aura jar3a padArtha haiM, unameM ekakA pratibimba dUsaremeM par3a sakatA hai, kintu cetana aura amarta jJAna meM marta jar3a padArthakA pratibimba nahIM A sakatA aura na anya cetanAntarakA hii| jJAnake ghaTAkAra honekA artha hai-jJAnakA ghaTako jAnane ke lie upayukta honA arthAt usakA nizcaya krnaa| tattvArthavArtika (116 ) meM ghaTake svacatuSTayakA vicAra karate hue likhA hai ki-ghaTa zabda sunaneke bAda utpanna honevAle ghaTa-jJAnameM jo ghaTaviSayaka upayogAkAra hai vaha ghaTakA svAtmA hai aura bAhyaghaTAkAra praatmaa| yahA~ jo upayogAkAra hai usakA artha ghaTakI ora jJAnake vyApArakA honA hai na ki jJAnakA ghaTa-jaisA lambA caur3A yA vajanadAra honA / Age phira likhA hai ki-"caitanyazaktAvAkArI jJAnAkAro jJeyAkArazca / anupayuktapratibimbAkArAdarzatalavat jJAnAkAraH, pratibimbAkArapariNatAdarzatalavat jJeyAkAraH / tatra jJeyAkAraH svAtmA / " aryAt caitanyazaktike do AkAra hote haiM eka jJAnAkAra aura dUsarA jJeyAkAra / jJAnAkAra pratibimbazUnya zuddha darpaNake samAna padArthaviSayaka vyApArase rahita hotA hai / jJeyAkAra sapratibimba darpaNakI taraha padArthaviSayaka vyApArase sahita hotA hai / sAkAratAke sambandhameM jo darpaNakA dRSTAnta diyA jAtA hai usIse yaha bhrama ho jAtA hai ki-jJAnameM darpaNake samAna lambA caur3A kAlA pratibimba padArthakA AtA hai aura isI kAraNa jJAna sAkAra kahalAtA hai| dRSTAnta jisa aMzako samajhAne ke lie diyA jAtA hai usako usI aMzake lie lAgU karanA caahie| yahA~ 'darpaNa' dRSTAntakA itanA hI prayojana hai ki caitanyadhArA jJeyako jAnaneke samaya jJeyAkAra hotI hai, zeSa samayameM jJAnAkAra / dhavalA (pra0 pu0 pR0 380 ) tathA jayadhavalA (pra0 pu0 pU0 337) meM darzana aura jJAnameM nirAkAratA aura sAkAratA-prayukta bheda batAte hue spaSTa likhA hai ki-jahA~ jJAnase pRthak vastu karma arthAt viSaya ho vaha sAkAra hai aura jahA~ antaraGga vastu arthAt caitanya svayaM caitanya rUpa hI ho vaha nirAkAra / nirAkAra darzana, indriya aura padArthake samparka ke pahile hotA hai jaba ki sAkAra jJAna indriyArthasannipAtake bAda / antaraGgaviSayaka arthAt svAvabhAsI upayogako anAkAra tathA bAhyAvabhAsI arthAt svase bhinna arthako viSaya karanevAlA upayoga sAkAra kahalAtA hai| upayogakI jJAnasaMjJA vahA~se prArambha hotI hai jahA~se vaha svavyatirikta anya padArthako viSaya karatA hai / jaba taka vaha mAtra svaprakAza-nimagna hai taba taka vaha darzana-nirAkAra kahalAtA hai / isIlie jJAna meM hI samyaktva aura mithyAtva pramANatva aura apramANatva ye do vibhAga hote haiM / jo jJAna padArthakI yathArtha upalabdhi karAtA hai yaha pramANa hai anya apramANa / para darzana sadA ekavidha rahatA hai usameM koI darzana pramANa koI darzana apramANa aisA jAtibheda nahIM hotaa| cakSudarzana, acakSudarzana Adi bheda to Age honevAlI tattat jJAnaparyAyoMkI apekSA hai| svarUpakI apekSA unameM itanA hI bheda hai ki eka upayoga apane cAkSupajJAnotpAdakazaktirUpa svarUpameM magna hai to dUsarA anya sparzana Adi indriyoMse utpanna honevAle jJAnake janaka svarUpa meM lIna hai, to anya avadhijJAnotpAdaka svarUpameM aura anya kevalajJAnasahabhAvI magna hai / tAtparya yaha ki-upayogakA svase bhinna kisI bhI padArthako viSaya karanA hI sAkAra honA hai, na ki darpaNakI taraha pratibimbAkAra honA / nirAkAra aura sAkAra yA jJAna aura darzanakA yaha saiddhAntika svarUpavizleSaNa dArzanika yugameM apanI usa sImAko lA~ghakara 'bAhyapadArthake sAmAnyAvalokanakA nAma darzana aura vizeSa parijJAnakakA nAma jJAna' isa bAhyaparidhimeM A gyaa| isa sImollaMghanakA dArzanika prayojana bauddhAdi-sammata nirvikalpakakI pramANatAkA nirAkaraNa karanA hI hai / akalaGkadevane vizada jJAnako pratyakSa batAte hue jo jJAnakA 'sAkAra' vizeSaNa diyA hai yaha uparyakta arthako dyotana karaneke hI lie /
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________________ 110 : DaoN. mahendrakumAra jaina nyAyAcArya smRti-grantha . . bauddha kSaNika paramANu rUpa citta yA jar3a-kSaNoMko svalakSaNa mAnate hai| yahI unake matameM paramArthasata hai, yahI vAstavika artha hai| yaha svalakSaNa zabdazUnya hai, zabdake agocara hai| zabdakA vAcya inake matase buddhigata abhedAMza hI hotA hai| indriya aura padArthake sambandhake anantara nirvikalpaka darzana utpanna hotA hai| yaha pratyakSa pramANa hai / isake anantara zabdasaMketa aura vikalpavAsanA AdikA sahakAra pAkara zabdasaMsargI savikalpaka jJAna utpanna hotA hai| zabdasaMsarga na honepara bhI zabdasaMsargakI yogyatA jisa jJAnameM A jAya use vikalpa kahate haiN| kisI bhI padArthako dekhaneke bAda pUrvadRSTa tatsadaza padArthakA smaraNa hotA hai, tadanantara tadvAcaka zabdakA smaraNa, phira usa zabdake sAtha vastukA yojana, taba yaha 'ghaTa' hai ityAdi zabdakA prayoga / vastu-darzanake bAda honevAle--pUrvadRSTa-smaraNa Adi sabhI vyApAra savikalpakakI sImAmeM Ate haiM / tAtparya yaha ki-nirvikalpaka darzana vastuke yathArtha svarUpakA avabhAsaka honese pramANa hai| savikalpaka jJAna zabdavAsanAse utpanna honeke kAraNa, vastuke yathArtha svarUpako sparza nahIM karatA, ataeva apramANa hai| isa nirvikalpakake dvArA vastuke samagrarUpakA darzana ho jAtA hai, parantu nizcaya yathAsambhava savikalpaka jJAna aura anumAnake dvArA hI hotA hai| akalaMkadeva isakA khaNDana karate hue likhate haiM ki kisI bhI aise nirvikalpaka jJAnakA anubhava nahIM hotA jo nizcayAtmaka na ho| sautrAntika bAhyArthavAdI haiN| inakA kahanA hai ki yadi jJAna padArtha ke AkAra na ho to pratikarmavyavasthA arthAt ghaTajJAna kA viSaya ghaTa hI hotA hai paTa nahIM-nahIM ho skegii| sabhI padArtha eka jJAnake viSaya yA sabhI jJAna sabhI padArthoko viSaya karanevAle ho jAyeMge / ata: jJAnako sAkAra mAnanA Avazyaka hai| yadi sAkAratA nahIM mAnI jAtI to viSayajJAna aura viSayajJAnajJAnameM koI bheda nahIM rhegaa| inameM yahI bheda hai ki eka mAtraviSayake AkAra hai tathA dUsarA viSaya aura viSayajJAna doke AkAra hai| viSayakI sattA siddha karane ke lie jJAnako sAkAra mAnanA nitAnta Avazyaka hai| akalaMkadevane sAkAratAke isa prayojanakA khaNDana kiyA hai| unhoMne likhA hai ki viSaya-pratiniyama jJAnakI apanI zakti yA kSayopazamake anusAra hotA hai| jisa jJAnameM padArthako jAnanekI jaisI yogyatA hai vaha usake anusAra padArthako jAnatA hai| tadAkAratA mAnanepara bhI yaha prazna jyoM-kA-tyoM banA rahatA hai ki jJAna amuka padArtha ke ho AkArako kyoM grahaNa karatA hai ? anya padArthoke AkArako kyoM nahIM ? antameM jJAnagata zakti hI viSayapratiniyama karA sakatI hai, tadAkAratA Adi nahIM / 'jo jJAna jisa padArthase utpanna haA hai vaha usake AkAra hotA hai isa prakAra tadatpattise bhI AkAraniyama nahIM bana sakatA; kyoMki jJAna jisa prakAra padArthase utpanna hotA hai usI taraha prakAza aura indriyoMse bhii| yadi tadutpattise sAkAratA AtI hai to jisa prakAra jJAna ghaTAkAra hotA hai usI prakAra use indriya tathA prakAzake AkAra bhI honA cAhiye / apane upAdAnabhUta pUrvajJAnake AkArako to use avazya hI dhAraNa karanA cAhiye / jisa prakAra jJAna ghaTa ke ghaTAkArako dhAraNa karatA hai usI prakAra vaha usakI jar3atA ko kyoM nahIM dhAraNa karatA? yadi ghaTake AkArako dhAraNa karanepara bhI jar3atA agRhIta rahatI hai to ghaTa aura usake jar3atvameM bheda ho jAyagA / yadi ghaTakI jar3atA adatAkAra jJAnase jAnI jAtI hai to usI prakAra ghaTa bhI atadAkAra jJAnase jAnA jAya / vastumAtrako niraMza mAnanevAle bauddhake matameM vastukA khaNDazaH bhAga to nahIM hI honA cAhiye / samAnakAlIna padArtha kadAcit jJAnameM apanA AkAra arpita bhI kara deM, para atIta aura anAgata Adi avidyamAna artha jJAnameM apanA AkAra kaise de sakate hai ?
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________________ 4 | viziSTa nibandha : 111 viSayajJAna aura viSayajJAnajJAnameM bhI antara jJAnakI apanI yogyatAse hI ho sakatA hai| AkAra mAnanepara bhI antataH svayogyatA svIkAra karanI hI par3atI hai| ataH bauddhaparikalpita sAkAratA aneka dUSaNoMse dUSita honeke kAraNa jJAnakA dharma nahIM ho sakatI / jJAnakI sAkAratAkA artha hai jJAnakA usa padArthakA nizcaya karanA yA usa padArthakI ora upayukta honA / nirvikalpaka arthAt zabda-saMsargakI yogyatAse bhI rahita koI jJAna ho sakatA hai yaha anubhavasiddha nahIM hai / jJAna arthako jAnatA hai-mukhyatayA do vicAradhArAe~ isa sambandhameM haiN| eka yaha ki-jJAna apanese bhinna sattA rakhanevAle jar3a aura cetana padArthoM ko jAnatA hai| isa vicAradhArAke anusAra jagatmeM ananta cetana aura ananta acetana padArthoM kI svatantra sattA hai| dUsarI vicAradhArA bAhya jar3a padArthoM kI pAramArthika sattA nahIM mAnatI, kintu unakA prAtibhAsika astitva svIkAra karatI hai| inakA mata hai ki ghaTapaTAdi bAhya padArtha anAdikAlIna vicitra vAsanAoMke kAraNa yA mAyA avidyA Adike kAraNa vicitra rUpameM pratibhAsita hote haiN| jisa prakAra svapna yA indrajAlameM bAhya padArthoM kA astitva na honepara bhI anekavidha arthakriyAkArI padArthoMkA satyavat pratibhAsa hotA hai, usI taraha avidyAvAsanAke kAraNa nAnAvidha vicitra arthAkA pratibhAsa ho jAtA hai| inake matase mAtra cetanatattvakI hI pAramArthika sattA hai| isameM bhI aneka matabheda haiM / vedAntI eka nitya vyApaka brahmakA hI pAramArthika astitva svIkAra karate haiN| yahI brahma nAnAvidha jIvAtmAoM aura aneka prakArake ghaTapaTAdirUpa bAhya arthoke rUpameM pratibhAsita hotA hai| saMvedanAdvaitavAdI kSaNika paramANurUpa aneka jJAnakSaNoMkA pAramArthika astitva mAnate haiN| inake matase aneka jJAnasantAne pRthaka-pRthaka pAramAthika astitva rakhatI haiN| apanI-apanI vAsanAoMke anusAra jJAnakSaNa nAnA padArthoMke rUpa meM bhAsita hotA hai| pahilI vicAradhArAkA anekavidha vistAra nyAyavaizeSika, sAMkhyayoga, jaina, sautrAntika bauddha Adi darzanoMmeM dekhA jAtA hai| bAhyArthalopakI dUsarI vicAradhArAkA AdhAra yaha mAlUma hotA hai ki pratyeka vyakti apanI kalpanAke anusAra padArthoMmeM saMketa karake vyavahAra karatA hai / jaise eka pustakako dekhakara usa dharmakA anuyAyI use dharmagrantha samajhakara pUjya mAnatA hai| pustakAlayAdhyakSa use anya pustakoMkI taraha sAmAnya pustaka samajhatA hai, to dukAnadAra use raddIke bhAva kharIdakara pur3iyA bA~dhatA hai| bhaMgI use kUr3A-kacarA mAnakara jhAr3a sakatA hai| gAya-bhaiMsa Adi pazumAtra use pudgaloMkA puMja samajhakara ghAsakI taraha khA sakate haiM to dImaka Adi kIr3oMko usameM pustaka yaha kalpanA hI nahIM hogii| aba Apa vicAra kIjie ki pustakameM, dharmagrantha, pustaka, raddI, kacarA, ghAsakI taraha khAdya Adi saMjJAe~ tattadavyaktiyoMke jJAnase hI AI haiM arthAt dharmagrantha pustaka AdikA sadbhAva una vyaktiyoMke jJAnameM hai, bAhira nahIM / isa taraha dharmagrantha pustaka AdikI vyavahArasattA hai, paramArthasattA nhiiN| yadi dharmagrantha pustaka AdikI paramArtha sattA hotI to vaha prANimAtragAya, bhaiMsako bhI dharmagrantha yA pustaka dikhanI cAhiye thii| ataH jagat kevala kalpanAmAtra hai, usakA vAstavika astitva nhiiN| isI taraha ghaTa eka hai yA aneka / paramANuoMkA saMyoga ekadezase hotA hai yA sarvadezase / yadi ekadezase, to chaha paramANuoMse saMyoga karanevAle madhya paramANu meM chaha aMza mAnane pdd'eNge| yadi do paramANaoMkA sarvadezase saMyoga hotA hai, to aNuoMkA piMDa aNumAtra ho jAyagA / isa taraha jaise-jaise bAhya padArthoMkA vicAra karate haiM vaise-vaise unakA astitva siddha nahIM hotaa| bAhya padArthoMkA astitva tadAkAra jJAnase siddha kiyA jAtA hai / yadi nIlAkAra jJAna hai to nIla nAmake bAhya padArthakI kyA AvazyakatA? yadi nIlAkAra jJAna
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________________ 112 : DaoN. mahendrakumAra jaina nyAyAcArya smRti-grantha nahIM to nIlakI sattA hI kaise siddha kI jA sakatI hai ? ataH jJAna hI bAhya aura Antara grAhya aura grAhaka rUpameM svayaM prakAzamAna hai, koI bAhyArtha nhiiN| padArtha aura jJAnakA sahopalambha niyama hai, ataH donoM abhinna haiN| akalaGkadevane isakI AlocanA karate hue likhA hai ki-advaya tattva svataH pratibhAsita hotA hai yA parataH ? yadi svataH, to kimIko vivAda nahIM honA caahie| nitya brahmavAdIkI taraha kSaNika vijJAnavAdI bhI apane tattvakA svataH pratibhAsa kahate hai| inameM kauna satya samajhA jAya ? parataH pratibhAsaparake binA nahIM ho sakatA / parako svIkAra karanepara advaita tattva nahIM raha sktaa| vijJAnavAdI indrajAla yA svapnakA dRSTAnta dekara bAhya padArthakA lopa karanA cAhate haiN| kintu indrajAlapratibhAsita ghaTa aura bAhya sat ghaTameM antara to strI bAla gopAla Adi bhI kara lete haiM / ve ghaTa-paTa Adi bAhya padArthoM meM apanI iSTa arthakriyAke dvArA AkAMkSAoMko zAnta kara santoSakA anubhava karate haiM jaba ki iMdrajAla yA mAyAdRSTa padArthoMse na to arthakriyA hI hotI hai aura na tajjanya santoSAnubhava ho / unakA kAlpanikapanA to pratibhAsa kAla meM hI jJAta ho jAtA hai / dharmagrantha, pustaka, raddI Adi saMjJAe~ manuSyakRta aura kAlpanika ho sakatI hai para jisa vajanavAle rUparasagandhasparzavAle sthUla padArthameM ye saMjJAe~ kI jAtI hai vaha to kAlpanika nahIM hai| vaha to Thosa, vajanadAra, sapratigha, rUparasAdiguNoMkA AdhAra paramArthasat padArtha hai| usa padArthako apane-apane saMketake anasAra koI dharmagrantha kahe, koI pustaka, koI baka, koI kitAba yA anya kucha kahe / ye saMketa vyavahA lie apanI paramparA aura vAsanAoMke anusAra hote haiM, usameM koI Apatti nahIM hai / dRSTisRSTikA artha bhI yahI hai ki-sAmane rakhe hue paramArthasat Thosa padArthameM apanI dRSTike anusAra jagat vyavahAra karatA hai| usakI vyavahArasaMjJAe~ prAtibhAsika ho sakatI haiM para vaha padArtha jisameM ve saMjJAe~ kI jAtI hai, brahma yA vijJAna kI taraha hI paramArthasat hai / nIlAkAra jJAnase to kapar3A nahIM ra~gA jA sakatA ? kapar3A ra~ganeke lie Thosa paramArthasat jar3a nIla cAhie jo aise hI kapar3eke pratyekatantuko nIlA bnaaygaa| yadi koI paramArthasata 'nIla' artha na ho, to nIlAkAra vAsanA kahA~se utpanna huI ? vAsanA to pUrvAnubhavakI uttara dazA hai| yadi jagatameM nIla artha nahIM hai to jJAnameM nIlAkAra kahA~se AyA ? vAsanA nIlAkAra kaise bana gaI ? tAtparya yaha ki vyavahArake lie kI jAnevAlI saMjJAe~, iSTa-aniSTa, sundara-asundara, Adi kalpanAe~ bhale hI vikalpakalpita hoM aura dRSTisRSTiko sImAmeM hoM, para jisa AdhArapara ye saba kalpanAe~ kalpita hotI haiM vaha AdhAra Thosa aura satya hai / viSake jJAnase maraNa nahIM ho sktaa| viSakA khAnevAlA aura viSa donoM hI paramArthasat haiM tathA viSake saMyogase honevAle zarIragata rAsAyanika pariNamana bhii| parvata, makAna, nadI Adi padArtha yadi jJAnAtmaka hI haiM to unameM martatva, sthUlatva, sapratighatva Adi dharma kaise A sakate haiM ? jJAnasvarUpa nadImeM snAna yA jJAnAtmaka jalase tRSAzAnti athavA jJAnAtmaka pattharase sira to nahIM phUTa sakatA?' yadi advayajJAna hI hai to zAstropadeza Adi nirarthaka ho jaayNge| parapratipattike lie jJAnase atirikta vacanakI sattA Avazyaka hai / advayajJAnameM pratipattA, pramANa, vicAra Adi pratibhAsakI sAmagrI to mAnanI hI par3egI, anyathA pratibhAsa kaise hogA ? advayajJAnameM artha-anartha, tattva-attattva AdikI vyavasthA na honese tadgrAhI jJAnoMmeM pramANatA yA apramANatAkA nizcaya kaise kiyA jA sakegA? jJAnAdvaitakI siddhike lie anumAnake aMgabhUta sAdhya, sAdhana, dRSTAnta Adi to svIkAra karane hI hoMge, anyathA anumAna kaise ho sakegA? sahopalambha-eka sAtha upalabdha honA-se abheda siddha nahIM kiyA jA sakatA; kAraNa, do bhinnasattAka padArthoM meM hI eka sAtha upalabdha honA kahA jA sakatA hai| jJAna antaraMgameM cetana rUpase tathA artha bahiraMgameM jar3arUpase anubhavameM AtA hai, ataH inakA sahopalambha asiddha bhI haiM / arthazUnya jJAna svAkAratayA tathA jJAnazUnya artha apane artharUpameM astitva
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________________ 4/ viziSTa nibandha : 113 rakhate hI haiM, bhale hI hameM ve ajJAta ho / yadi hama bAhyapadArthoMkA idamitthaMrUpa nirUpaNa yA nirvacana nahIM kara sakate to isakA yaha tAtparya nahIM hai ki una padArthoMkA astitva hI nahIM hai| anantadharmAtmaka padArthakA pUrNa nirUpaNa to sambhava hI nahIM hai / zabda yA jJAnakI azaktike kAraNa padArthokA lopa nahIM kiyA jA sktaa| nIlAkArajJAna rahanepara bhI kapar3A ra~gane ko nIlapadArtha kI nitAnta AvazyakatA hai| jJAnameM nIlAkAra bhI binA nIlake nahIM A sktaa| aneka paramANuoMse jo skandha banatA hai usa skandhakA koI pRthak astitva nahIM hai, unhIM paramANuoMkA kathancittAdAtmya sambandha arthAt rAsAyanika mizraNa honepara paraspara banna ho jAtA hai aura vaha skandha sthUla aura indriyagrAhya hotA hai| yahI anubhavasiddha hai| na to usakA ekadezase sambandha hotA hai aura na sarvadezase, kintu jar3a padArthoM kA snigdha aura rUkSatAke kAraNa kiyatkAla sthAyI vilakSaNabandha ho jAtA hai| jisa prakAra eka jJAna svayaM jJAnAkAra, jJeyAkAra aura jJaptisvarUpa anubhavameM AtA hai, usI prakAra pratyeka padArtha aneka dharmoM kA AdhAra hotA hai isameM virodha Adi dUSaNoMkA koI pramaGga nahIM hai| isa taraha antaraGgajAnase pRthak, svatantra sattA rakhanevAle bAhya jar3apadArtha haiM / inhIM jJeyoMko jJAna jAnatA hai / ataH akalaGdevane pratyakSake svarUpanirUpaNameM jJAnakA arthavedana vizeSaNa diyA hai jo jJAnako AtmavedIke sAtha hI sAtha arthavedI siddha karatA hai / isa taraha jJAna svabhAvase svaparavedI hai, svArthasaMvedaka hai| 5. artha-sAmAnyavizeSAtmaka aura dravyaparyAyAtmaka hai jJAna arthako viSaya karatA hai yaha vivecana ho cukanepara vicAraNIya muddA yaha hai ki arthakA kyA svarUpa hai ? jaina dRSTise pratyeka padArtha anantadharmAtmaka hai yA saMkSepase sAmAnyavizeSAtmaka hai| vastumeM do prakArake astitva hai-eka svarUpAstitva aura dUsarA sAdRzyAstitva / eka dravyako anya sajAtIya yA vijAtIya kisI bhI dravyase apaGkIrNa rakhane vAlA svarUpAstitva hai| isake kAraNa eka dravyakI paryAyeM dUsare sajAtIya yA vijAtIya dravyase amaGkIrNa pRthak astitva rakhatI haiN| yaha svarUpAstitva jahA~ itaradravyoMse vyAvRtti karAtA hai vahA~ apanI paryAyoMmeM anugata bhI rahatA hai| ataH isa svarUpAstitvase apanI payAyoMmeM anugata pratyaya utpanna hotA hai aura itaradravyoMse vyAvRtta pratyaya / isa svarUpAstitvako UrdhvatA sAmAnya kahate haiM / ise hI dravya kahate haiN| kyoMki yahI apanI kramika paryAyoMmeM dravita hotA hai, kramazaH prApta hotA hai| dUsarA sAdRzyAstitva hai jo vibhinna aneka dravyoM meM gau-gau ityAdi prakArakA anugata vyavahAra karAtA hai / ise tiryaksAmAnya kahate haiN| tAtparya yaha ki apanI do paryAyoM meM anugata vyavahAra karAnevAlA svarUpAstitva hotA hai| ise hI UrkhatAsAmAnya aura dravya kahate haiN| tathA vibhinna do dravyoMmeM anugata vyavahAra karAnevAlA sAdRzyAstitva hotA hai| ise tiryaksAmAnya yA sAdRzyasAmAnya kahate haiN| isI taraha, do dravyoMmeM vyAvRtta pratyaya karAnevAlA vyatireka jAtikA vizeSa hotA hai tathA apanI hI do paryAyoM meM vilakSaNa pratyaya karAnevAlA paryAya nAmakA vizeSa hotA hai| niSkarSa yaha ki ekadravyakI paryAyoMmeM anugata pratyaya UrdhvatAsAmAnya yA dravyase hotA hai tathA vyAvRttapratyaya paryAya-vizeSase hotA hai| do vibhinna dravyoMmeM anugatapratyaya sAdRzyasAmAnya yA tiryaksAmAnyase hotA hai aura vyAvRttapratyaya vya tirekavizeSase hotA hai| isa taraha pratyeka padArtha sAmAnyavizeSAtmaka aura dravyaparyAyAtmaka hotA hai| yadyapi sAmAnyavizeSAtmaka kahanese dravyaparyAyAtmakatvakA botra ho jAtA, para dravyaparyAyAtmakake pRthak kahanekA prayojana yaha hai ki padArtha na kevala dravyarUpa hai aura na paryAyarUpa, kintu pratyeka sat utpAda-vyayadhrauvyavAlA hai / inameM utpAda aura vyaya paryAya kA pratinidhitva karate haiM tathA dhrauvya dravyakA / padArtha sAmAnyavizeSAtmaka to utpAdavyayadhrauvyAtmaka sat na hokara bhI ho sakatA hai, ataH usake nija svarUpakA pRthak bhAna karAneke lie dravyaparyAyAtmaka vizeSaNa diyA hai| 4-15
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________________ 114 : DaoN. mahendrakumAra jaina nyAyAcArya smRti-grantha sAmAnya vizeSAtmaka vizeSaNa dharmarUpa hai, jo anugatapratyaya aura vyAvRttapratyayakA viSaya hotA hai / dravyaparyAyAtmaka vizeSaNa pariNamanase sambandha rakhatA hai| pratyeka vastu apanI paryAyadhArAmeM pariNata hotI huI bhaviSya vartamAna aura vartamAnase atIta kSaNako prApta karatI hai / vaha vartamAnako atIta aura bhaviSyako vartamAna banAtI rahatI hai| pratikSaNa pariNamana karanepara bhI atItake yAvat saMskArapuja isake vartamAnako prabhAvita karate haiM yA yoM kahie ki isakA vartamAna atItasaMskArapuMjakA kArya hai aura vartamAna kAraNake anusAra bhaviSya prabhAvita hotA hai / isa taraha yadyapi pariNamana karanepara koI aparivartita yA kaTastha nitya aMza vastameM zeSa nahIM rahatA jo trikAlAvasthAyI ho, para inanA vicchinna pariNamana bhI nahIM hotA ki atIta, vartamAna aura bhaviSya bilakUla asambaddha aura ativicchinna hoN| vartamAnake prati atItakA upAdAna kAraNa honA aura vartamAnakA bhaviSyake prati, yaha siddha karatA hai ki tInoM kSaNoMkI avicchinna kAryakAraNaparamparA hai| na to vastukA svarUpa sadA sthAyI nitya hI hai aura na itanA vilakSaNa pariNamana karanevAlA jisase pUrva aura uttara bhinnasantAnakI taraha ativicchinna hoN| bhadanta nAgasenane 'milinda prazna' meM jo karma aura punarjanmakA vivecana kiyA hai ( darzanadigdarzana, pR0 551) usakA tAtparya yahI hai ki pUrvakSaNako 'pratItya' arthAt upAdAna kAraNa banAkara uttarakSaNakA 'samutpAda' hotA hai| majjhimanikAya meM "asmin sati idaM bhavati" isake honepara yaha hotA hai, jo isa AzayakA vAkya hai usakA spaSTa artha yahI ho sakatA hai ki kSaNasantati pravAhita hai, usameM pUrvakSaNa uttarakSaNa banatA jAtA hai / jaise vartamAna atItasaMskArapuMjakA phala hai vaise hI bhaviSyakSaNakA kAraNa bhii| zrI rAhula sAMkRtyAyanane darzana-digdarzana ( pR0 512 ) meM pratItyasamutpAdakA vivecana karate hue likhA hai ki-'pratItyasamutpAda kAryakAraNa niyamako avicchinna nahIM, vicchinna pravAha batalAtA hai| pratItyasamutpAdake isI vicchinna pravAhako lekara Age nAgArjunane apane zUnyavAdako vikasita kiyaa|" inake matase pratItyasamutpAda vicchinna pravAharUpa hai aura pUrvakSaNakA uttarakSaNase koI sambandha nahIM hai| para ye pratItya zabdake 'hetuM kRtvA' arthAt pUrvakSaNako kAraNa banAkara isa sahaja arthako bhUla jAte haiN| pUrvakSaNako hetu banAe binA yadi uttarakA nayA hI utpAda hotA hai to bhadanta nAgasenakI karma aura punarjanmakI sArI vyAkhyA AdhArazUnya ho jAtI hai| kyA dvAdazAGga pratItyasamutpAdameM vicchinnapravAha yuktisiddha hai ? yadi avidyAke kAraNa saMskAra utpanna hotA hai aura saMskArake kAraNa vijJAna Adi, to pUrva aura uttarakA pravAha vicchinna kahA~ huA? eka cittakSaNakI avidyA usI cittakSaNameM hI saMskAra utpanna karatI hai anya cittakSaNameM nahIM, isakA niyAmaka vahI pratItya hai / jisako pratItya jisakA samutpAda huA hai una donoMmeM ativiccheda kahA~ huA? rAhulajI vahIM (10 512 ) anityavAdakI "buddha kA anityavAda bhI 'dasarA hI utpanna hotA hai / dasarA hI naSTa hotA hai' ke kahe anusAra kisI eka maulika tattvakA bAharI parivartanamAtra nahIM, balki ekakA bilakula nAza aura dUsarekA bilakula nayA utpAda hai / buddha kAryakAraNakI nirantara yA avicchinna santatiko nahIM mAnate / " ina zabdoM meM vyAkhyA karate haiN| rAhulajI yahA~ bhI kevala samutpAdako hI dhyAnameM rakhate haiM, usake malarUpa 'pratItya'ko sarvathA bhulA dete haiN| karma aura punarjanmakI siddhike liye prayukta "mahArAja, yadi phira bhI janma nahIM grahaNa kare to mukta ho gayA; kintu cUMki vaha phira bhI janma grahaNa karatA hai isalie ( mukta) nahIM huaa|" isa sandarbha meM 'vaha phira bhI' zabda kyA avicchinna pravAhako siddha nahIM kara rahe haiN| bauddhadarzanakA 'abhautika anAtmavAdo' nAmakaraNa kevala bhautikavAdI cArvAka aura AtmanityavAdI aupaniSadoMke nirAkaraNake lie prayukta kiyA jAnA cAhiye, para vastutaH buddha kSaNika
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________________ 4 / viziSTa nibandha : 115 cittavAdI the / kSaNikacittako bhI avicchinna santati mAnate the na ki vicchinnapravAha / AcArya kamalazolane tattvasaMgrahapaMjikA (pR0 182 ) meM kartRkarmasambandhaparIkSA karate hue isa prAcIna zlokake bhAvako uddhRta kiyA hai "yasminneva tu santAne AhitA krmvaasnaa| phalaM tatraiva sandhatte kAsei raktatA yathA // " arthAt-jisa santAnameM karmavAsanA prApta huI hai usakA phala bhI usI santAnameM hotA hai / jo lAkhake raGga se ra~gA gayA hai usI kapAsa-bIjase utpanna honevAlI rUI lAla hotI hai, anya nhiiN| rAhalajI isa paramparAkA vicAra kareM aura phira buddhako vicchinnapravAhI batAnekA prayAsa kareM! hA~, yaha avazya thA kive ananta kSaNoMmeM zAzvata sattA rakhanevAlA kUTastha nitya padArtha svIkAra nahIM karate the| para vartamAna kSaNa ananta atItake saMskAroMkA parivartita puMja svagarbha meM lie haiM aura upAdeya bhaviSyakSaNa usase prabhAvita hotA hai, isa prakArake kAlika sambandhako ve mAnate the| yaha bAta bauddha darzanake kAryakAraNabhAvake abhyAsIko sahaja hI samajha meM A sakatI hai|| nirvANake sambandha meM rAhalajI sara rAdhAkRSNankI AlocanA karate samaya (pR0 529 ) bar3e AtmavizvAsake sAtha likha jAte haiM ki-"kintu bauddha-nirvANako abhAvAtmaka chor3a bhAvAtmaka mAnA hI nahIM jA sktaa|" kRpAkara ve AcArya kamalazIlake dvArA tattvasaMgrahapaMjikA (10 104) meM uddhRta isa prAcInazlokake arthakA manana kareM "cittameva hi saMsAro rAgAdiklezavAsitam / tadeva taivinirmuktaM bhavAnta iti kathyate // " arthAt-citta jaba rAgAdidoSa aura kleza saMskAra se saMyukta rahatA hai taba saMsAra kahA jAtA hai aura jaba tadeva--vahI citta rAgAdivaleza vAsanAoMse rahita hokara nirAsravacitta bana jAtA hai taba use bhavAnta arthAt nirvANa kahate haiM / zAntarakSita to (tattvasaM0 pR0 184 ) bahuta spaSTa likhate haiM ki "muvitanirmalatA dhiyaH" arthAt-cittakI nirmalatAko mukti kahate haiN| isa zlokameM kisa nirvANakI sUcanA hai ? vahI citta rAgAdipravAhase vAsita rahakara saMsAra banA aura vahI rAgAdise zUnya hokara mokSa bana gyaa| rAhulajI mAdhyamikavRtti (pR0 519 ) gata isa nirvANake pUrvapakSako bhI dhyAnase dekheM "iha hi uSitabrahmacaryANAM tathAgatazAsanapratipannAnAM dharmAnudharmapratipattiyuktAnAM pudgalAnAM dvividhanirvANamapaNitam-sopadhizeSaM nirupadhizeSaM c| tatra niravazeSasya avidyArAgAdikasya klezagaNasya prahANAt sopadhizeSa nirvANamipyate / tatra 'upadhIyate asmin Atmasneha ityupadhiH / upadhizabdena AtmaprajJaptinimittAH paJcopAdAnaskandhA ucyante / ziSyate iti zeSaH, upadhireva zeSaH upadhizeSaH-saha upadhizeSeNa vartata iti sopadhizeSam / ki tat ? nirvANam / tacca skandhamAtrakameva kevalaM satkAyadRSTyAdi-klezataskararahitamavaziSyate nihatAzeSacauragaNagrAmamAtrAvasthAnasAdhamryeNa tat sopadhizeSaM nirvANam / yatra tu nirvANe skandhamAtrakamapi nAsti tannirupadhizeSa nirvANam / nirgata upadhizeSo'sminniti kRtvA / nihatAzeSacauragaNasyagrAmamAtrasyApi vinAzasAdharyeNa / " arthAt nirvANa do prakArakA hai-1-sopadhizeSa 2-nirupadhizeSa / sopadhizeSameM rAgAdikA nAza hokara jinheM AtmA kahate haiM aise pA~caskandha nirAsrava dazAmeM rahate haiN| dUsare nirupadhizeSa nirvANameM skandha bhI naSTa ho jAte haiN|
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________________ 116 : DaoN0 mahendrakumAra jaina nyAyAcAryaM smRti granthaM bauddha paramparAmeM isa sopadhizeSa nirvANako bhAvAtmaka svIkAra kiyA gayA hai| yaha jovanmukta Akhira bauddhadarzana meM ye do paramparAe~ nirvANake sambandhameM kyoM pracalita huIM ? isakA uttara hameM buddhakI avyAkRta sUcIse mila jAtA hai / buddhane nirvANake bAdakI avasthA sambandhI ina cAra praznoMko avyAkaraNIya arthAt uttara deneke ayogya btaayaa| "1 - kyA maraneke bAda tathAgata ( buddha ) hote haiM ? 2 -kyA maraneke bAda tathAgata nahIM hote ? 3 - kyA maraneke bAda tathAgata hote bhI haiM nahIM bhI hote haiM ? 4 - kyA marane ke bAda tathAgata na hote haiM na nahIM hote haiM ?" mA~lukyaputrake praznapara buddhane vahA ki inakA jAnanA sArthaka nahIM hai kyoMki inake bAremeM kahanA bhikSucaryA nirveda yA paramajJAnake lie upayogI nahIM hai / yadi buddha svayaM nirvANa svarUpake sambandhameM apanA sunizcita mata rakhate hote to ve anya saikar3oM laukika alaufor praznoMkI taraha isa praznako avyAkRta koTimeM na DAlate / aura yahI kAraNa hai jo nirvANake viSaya meM do dhArAe~ bauddha darzanameM pracalita ho gaIM haiM / dazAkA varNana nahIM hai kintu nirvANAvasthAkA | isI taraha buddhane jIva aura zarorakI bhinnatA aura abhinnatA ko avyAkRta koTimeM DAlakara zrI rAhulajIko bauddhadarzanake 'abhautika anAtmavAda' jaise ubhayapratiSedhaka nAmakaraNakA avasara diyA / buddha apane jIvana meM deha aura AtmAke judApana aura nirvANottara jIvana Adi atIndriya padArthoMke zatarAhepara apane ziSyako khar3Akara lakSyacyuta nahIM karanA cAhate the / isalie loka kyA hai ? AtmA kyA hai ? aura nirvANottara jIvana kaisA hai ? ina jIvanta praznoMko bhI unane avyAkaraNIya karAra diyaa| unakI vicAradhArA aura sAdhanAkA kendrabindu vartamAna duHkhakI nivRtti hI rahA hai| rAhulajo eka ora to vicchinna pravAha mAnate haiM aura dUsarI ora punarjanma / ve itanI bar3I asaGgatiko kaise pI jAte haiM ki yadi pUrva aura uttara kSaNa vicchinna haiM to punarjanma kaisA aura kisakA ? kyA buddhavAkyoMkI aisI asaMgata vyAkhyAko samhAnekA prayatna zAntarakSita aura kamalazIla- jaise dArzanikoMne kiyA hai, jo eka avicchinna kAryakAraNa pravAha mAnate haiM ? avicchinnakA artha hai kAryakAraNabhAvavAlI / jaina darzana kI dRSTi meM pratyeka sat pariNAmI hai aura vaha pariNamana pratikSaNabhAvI svAbhAvika hai / usameM kisI anya hetukI AvazyakatA nahIM hai / yadi anya kAraNa mile to ve usa pariNamanako prabhAvita kara sakate haiM para upAdAna kAraNa to pUrvaparyAya hI hogI aura usameM jo kucha hai saba akhaNDarUpa hI hai / ataH dvitIya kSaNa meM vaha akhaNDakA akhaNDa uttaraparyAya bana jAtA hai| cU~ki purAnA kSaNa hI vartamAna banA hai aura bhaviSyako apane meM zakti yA upAdAna rUpase chipAe hai ataH smaraNa, pratyabhijJAna Adi vyavahAra sopapattika aura samUla bana jAte haiM / pariNAmIkA artha hai utpAda aura vyaya hote hue bhI dhrauvya rahanA / ApAtataH yaha mAlUma hotA hai ki jo utpAdavinAzavAlA hai vaha dhruva kaise raha sakatA hai ? para dhrauvyakA artha sadA sthAyI kUTastha nitya nahIM hai aura na yaha vivakSita hai ki vastuke kucha aMza utpAda - vinAzake kAraNa parivartita hote haiM tathA kucha aMza usa parivartana se achUte dhruva bane rahate haiM, aura na parivartanakA yaha sthUla artha hI hai ki jo prathamakSaNa meM hai, dUsare kSaNa meM vaha bilakula badala jAtA hai yA vilakSaNa ho jAtA hai| parivartana sadRza bhI hotA hai, visadRza bhI / zuddha cetanadravya mukta avasthA meM pratikSaNa parivartita rahanepara bhI kabhI vilakSaNa parivartana nahIM karatA, usakA sadA sadRza parivartana ho hotA rahatA hai| isI taraha AkAza, kAla, dharma aura adharmadravya sadA svabhAvapariNamana karate haiM / unameM parivartana karate rahanepara bho kahane lAyaka koI vilakSaNatA nahIM AtI / yoM samajhAne ke lie paradravyoM ke parivartanake anusAra inameM bhI parapratyaya vilakSaNatA dikhAI jA sakatI hai para na to inameM dezabheda hotA hai na AkArabheda aura na svarUpavilakSaNatA hI / inakA svAbhAvika pariNamana to agurulaghu
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________________ 4 / viziSTa nibandha : 117 guNakRta hI hai / raha jAtA hai pudgaladravya, jisakA zuddha pariNamana koI nizcita nahIM hai / kAraNa yaha hai ki zuddha jIvako na to jIvAntarakA samparka vikArI banA sakatA hai aura na kisI pudgaladravyakA saMyoga hI, para pudgalameM to pudgala aura jIva donoMke nimittase vikRti utpanna hotI hai / lokameM aisA koI pradeza bhI nahIM hai jahA~ anya pudgala yA jIvake samparka se vivakSita pudgalANu achUtA raha sakatA ho / ataH kadAcit pudgala apanI zuddha - aNu avasthAmeM bhI pahu~ca jAya, para usake guNa aura dharma zuddha hoMge yA dvitIyakSaNameM zuddha raha sakate haiM, isakA koI niyAmaka nahIM hai / aneka pudgaladravya milakara skandha dazAmeM eka saMyukta baddha paryAya bhI banAte haiM, para aneka jIva milakara eka saMyuktaparyAya nahIM banA sakate / sabakA pariNamana apanA judA-judA hai / skandhagata paramANuoMmeM bhI pratyekazaH apanA sadRza yA visadRza pariNamana hotA rahatA hai aura una saba pariNamanoM kI ausata se hI skandhakA vajana, rUpa, rasa, gandha aura sparza vyavahArameM AtA hai / skandhagata paramANuoM meM kSetrakRta aura AkArakRta sAdRzya honepara bhI unakA maulikatva surakSita rahatA hai / lokase eka bhI paramANu ananta parivartana karanepara bhI niHsattva -sattAzUnya arthAt asat nahIM ho sakatA / ataH pariNamana meM vilakSaNatA anubhUta na honepara bhI svabhAvabhUta parivartana pratikSaNa hotA hI rahatA hai / dravya eka nadI ke samAna atIta vartamAna aura bhaviSya paryAyoMkA kalpita pravAha nahIM hai / kyoMki nadI vibhinna sattAka jalakaNoMkA ekatra samudAya hai jo kSetrabheda karake Age bar3hatA jAtA hai / kintu bhaviSya, paryAya eka-eka kSaNameM kramazaH vartamAna hoto huI isa samaya ekakSaNavartI vartamAna ke rUpameM hai / atIta paryAyoMkA koI paryAya- astitva nahIM hai para jo vartamAna hai vaha atItakA kArya hai, aura yahI bhaviSyakA kAraNa hai / sattA ekasamayamAtra vartamAnaparyAyakI hai / bhaviSya aura atIta kramazaH anutpanna aura vinaSTa haiM / antataH dhauvya itanA hI hai ki eka dravyakI pUrvaparyAya dravyAntarako uttara paryAya nahIM banatI aura na vahIM samApta hotI hai / isa taraha dravyAntarase asAGkaryakA niyAmaka hI dhrauvya hai / isake kAraNa pratyeka dravyakI apanI svatantra sattA rahatI hai aura niyata kAraNakArya paramparA cAlU rahatI hai / vaha na vicchinna hotI hai aura na saMkara hI / yaha bhI atisunizcita hai ki kisI bhI naye dravyakA utpAda nahIM hotA aura na maujUdakA atyanta vinAza ho / kevala parivartana, so bhI pratikSaNa nirAbAdha gatise / isa prakAra pratyeka dravya apanI svatantra sattA rakhatA hai| vaha ananta guNa aura ananta zaktiyoMkA dhanI hai / paryAyAnusAra kucha zaktiyA~ AvibhUta hotI haiM kucha tirobhUta / jainadarzanameM isa satkA eka lakSaNa to "utpAdavyayadhrauvyayukta sat", dUsarA hai "sad dravyalakSaNam" / ina donoM lakSaNoMkA mathitArtha yahI hai ki dravyako sat kahanA cAhie aura vaha dravya pratikSaNa utpAda, vyayake sAtha-hI-sAtha apane avicchinnatA rUpa vyako dhAraNa karatA hai / dravyakA lakSaNa hai - "guNaparyaMyavad dravyam" arthAt guNa aura paryAyavAlA dravya hotA hai / guNa sahabhAvI aura aneka zaktiyoMke pratirUpa hote haiM jaba ki paryAya kramabhAvI aura eka hotI hai| dravyakA pratikSaNa pariNamana eka hotA hai / usa pariNamanako hama una una guNoMke dvArA aneka rUpase varNana kara sakate haiM / eka pudgalANu dvitIya samaya meM parivartita huA to usa eka pariNamanakA vibhinna rUparasAdi guNoMke dvArA aneka rUpameM varNana ho sakatA hai / vibhinna guNoMkI dravyameM svatantra sattA na honese svatantra pariNamana nahIM mAne jA sakate / akalaMkadevane pratyakSa ke grAhya arthakA varNana karate samaya dravya paryAya - sAmAnya- vizeSa isa prakAra jo cAra vizeSaNa die haiM ve padArtha kI uparyukta sthitiko sUcita karaneke lie hI haiM / dravya aura paryAya padArthakI pariNatiko sUcita karate haiM tathA sAmAnya aura vizeSa anugata aura vyAvRtta vyavahArake viSayabhUta dharmokI sUcanA dete haiM / naiyAyika vaizeSika pratyayake anusAra vastukI vyavasthA karate haiM / inhoMne jitane prakArake jJAna
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________________ 118 : DaoN0 mahendrakumAra jaina nyAyAcArya smRti-grantha aura zabda-vyavahAra hote haiM unakA vargIkaraNa karake asAGkaryabhAvase utane padArtha mAnanekA prayatna kiyA hai / isIlie inheM 'saMpratyayopAdhyAya' kahA jAtA hai| para pratyaya arthAt jJAna aura zabda vyavahAra itane aparipUrNa aura lacara haiM ki inapara pUrA-pUrA bharosA nahIM kiyA jA sktaa| ye to vastusvarUpakI ora izArAmAtra ho kara sakate haiM / 'dravyam dravyam' aisA pratyaya huA eka dravya padArtha mAna liyA / 'guNa guNa' pratyaya huA guNa padArtha mAna liyA / 'karma karma' aisA pratyaya huA karma padArtha mAna liyaa| isa taraha inake sAta padArthoMhttthati pratyayake AdhIna hai / parantu pratyayase maulika padArtha kI sthiti svIkAra nahIM kI jA sakatI / padArtha to apanA akhaNDa Thosa svatantra astitva rakhatA hai, vaha apane pariNamanake anusAra aneka pratyayoMkA viSaya ho sakatA hai / guNa kriyA sambandha Adi svatantra padArtha nahIM haiM, ye to dravyakI avasthAoMke vibhinna vyavahAra haiM / isI taraha sAmAnya koI svatantra padArtha nahIM hai jo nitya aura eka hokara aneka svatantrasattAka vyaktiyoMmeM motiyoM meM sUtakI taraha piroyA gayA | padArthoM ke pariNamana kucha sadRza bhI hote haiM aura kucha visadRza bhI / do vibhinnasattAka vyaktiyoMmeM bhUyaH sAmya dekhakara anugata vyavahAra hone lagatA hai / aneka AtmAe~ apane vibhinna zarIroMmeM vartamAna haiM, para jinakI avayavaracanA amuka prakArakI sadRza hai unameM 'manuSyaH manuSyaH ' aisA sAmAnya vyavahAra kiyA jAtA hai tathA jinakI ghor3oM-jaisI unameM 'azvaH azvaH' yaha vyavahAra | jina AtmAoMmeM sAdRzyake AdhArase manuSya-vyavahAra huA hai unameM manuSyatva nAmakA koI sAmAnya padArtha, jo ki apanI svatantra sattA rakhatA hai, Akara samatrAyanAmaka sambandha padArtha se rahatA hai yaha kalpanA padArthasthitike viruddha hai / 'sat sat' 'dravyam dravyam' ityAdi prakArake sabhI anugata vyavahAra sAdRzyake AdhArase hI hote haiM / sAdRzya bhI ubhayaniSTha koI svatantra padArtha nahIM hai / kintu vaha bahuta avayavoMkI samAnatA rUpa hI hai / tattad avayava una-una vyaktiyoMmeM rahate hI haiM / unameM samAnatA dekhakara draSTA usa rUpase anugata vyavahAra karane lagatA hai / vaha sAmAnya nitya eka aura niraMza hokara yadi sarvagata hai to use vibhinna dezastha svavyaktiyoM meM khaNDazaH rahanA hogA; kyoMki eka vastu eka sAtha bhinna dezameM pUrNarUpase nahIM raha sakatI / nitya niraMza sAmAnya jisa samaya eka vyaktimeM prakaTa hotA hai usI samaya use sarvatra vyaktiyoMke antarAlameM bhI prakaTa honA cAhie | anyathA ' kvacit vyakta' aura 'kvacit avyakta' rUpase svarUpabheda honepara anityatva aura sAMzatvakA prasaGga prApta hogA / yadi sAmAnya padArtha anya kisI sattAsambandhake abhAva meM bhI svataH sat hai to usI taraha dravya guNa Adi padArtha bhI svataH sat hI kyoM na mAne jAya~ ? ataH sAmAnya svatantra padArthaM na hokara dravyoMke sadRza pariNamanarUpa hI hai / vaizeSika tulya AkRti tulya guNavAle sama paramANuoMmeM paraspara bheda pratyaya karAneke nimitta svato vibhinna vizeSa padArtha kI sattA mAnate haiM / ve mukta AtmAoMmeM mukta AtmAke manoM meM vizeSa pratyayake nimitta vizeSa padArtha mAnanA Avazyaka samajhate haiM / parantu pratyayake AdhArase padArtha vyavasthA mAnanekA siddhAnta hI galata hai / jitane prakArake pratyaya hote jAya~ utane svatantra padArtha yadi mAne jAyeM to padArthoMkI koI sImA hI nahIM rahegI / jisa prakAra vizeSa padArtha svataH paraspara bhinna ho sakate haiM usI taraha paramANu Adi bhI svasvarUpase hI paraspara bhinna ho sakate haiM / isake lie kisI svatantra 'vizeSa' padArthakI koI AvazyakatA nahIM hai / vyaktiyA~ svayaM hI vizeSa haiN| pramANakA kArya hai svataH siddha padArthakI asaMkara vyAkhyA karanA / bauddha sadRzapariNamanarUpa samAnadharma svIkAra na karake sAmAnyako anyApoha rUpa mAnate haiM / unakA abhiprAya hai ki - paraspara bhinna vastuoM ko dekhane ke bAda jo buddhimeM abhedabhAna hotA hai usa buddhipratibimbita abhedako hI sAmAnya kahate haiM / yaha abheda bhI vidhyAtmaka na hokara atadvyAvRttirUpa hai / sabhI padArtha kisIna-kisI kAraNa se utpanna hote haiM tathA koI-na-koI kArya utpanna bhI karate haiM / to jina padArthoMmeM atatkAraNa
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________________ 4 / viziSTa nibandha : 119 vyAvRtti aura atatkAryavyAvRtti pAI jAtI hai unameM anugata vyavahAra kara diyA jAtA hai / jaise jo vyaktiyA~ manuSyarUpa kAraNase utpanna huI haiM aura Age manuSyarUpa kAryaM utpanna kareMgI unameM amanuSyakAraNa- kAryavyAvRttiko nimitta lekara 'manuSya manuSya' aisA anugata vyavahAra kara diyA jAtA hai / koI vAstavika manuSyatva vidhyAtmaka nahIM hai / jisa prakAra cakSu Aloka aura rUpa Adi paraspara atyanta bhinna padArtha bhI arUpajJAnajanana vyAvRtti ke kAraNa 'rUpajJAnajanaka' vyapadezako prApta karate haiM, usI prakAra sarvatra atadvyAvRttise hI samAnAkAra pratyaya ho sakatA hai / ye zabdakA vAcya isI apoharUpa sAmAnyako hI svIkAra karate haiM / vikalpajJAnakA viSaya bhI yahI apoharUpa sAmAnya hai / akalaGkadevane isakI AlocanA karate hue likhA hai ki-sAdRzya mAne binA amuka vyaktiyoM meM hI apohakA niyama kaise bana sakatA hai ? yadi zAbaleya gauvyakti bAhuleya gauvyakti se utanI hI bhinna hai jitanI ki kisI azvAdivyaktise, to kyA kAraNa hai ki zAbaleya aura bAhuleyameM hI atadvyAvRtti mAnI jAya, azvameM nahIM / yadi azvase kucha kama vilakSaNatA hai to yaha arthAt hI mAnanA hogA ki unameM aisI samAnatA hai jo azvake sAtha nahIM hai / ataH sAdRzya hI vyavahArakA sIdhA niyAmaka sakatA hai / yaha to pratyakSa siddha hai ki vastu samAna aura asamAna ubhayavidha dharmokA AdhAra hotI hai / samAnadharmo ke AdhArase anugata vyavahAra kiyA jAtA hai aura asamAna dharmake AdhArase vyAvRtta vyavahAra / anya nahIM, 'atadvyAvRtti' yahI eka samAna dharma tattadvyaktiyoM meM svIkAra karanA hogA / bauddha jaba svayaM aparApara kSaNoM meM sAdRzyake kAraNa ekatvabhAna tathA sIpameM sAdRzyake hI kAraNa rajatabhrama svIkAra karate haiM taba anugata vyavahArake lie sAdRzyako svIkAra karane meM unheM kyA bAdhA hai ? atadvyAvRtti aura buddhigata abheda pratibimbakA nirvAha bhI sAdRzyake binA nahIM ho sakatA / ataH sadRza pariNAmarUpa hI sAmAnya mAnanA caahie| zabda aura vikalpajJAna bhI sAmAnyavizeSAtmaka vastuko hI viSaya karate haiM, na kevala sAmAnyAtmakako aura na kevala vizeSAtmakako hI / sAmAnyatayA kalpanAoM kA lakSya dvimukhI hotA hai - eka to abhedakI ora dUsarA bhedakI ora / jagatmeM abhedakI ora carama kalpanA vedAnta darzanane kI hai / vaha itanA abhedakI ora bar3hA ki vAstavika sthitiko lA~ghakara kalpanAlokameM hI jA pahu~cA / cetana-acetanakA sthUla bheda bhI mAyArUpa bana gayA / eka hI tattvakA pratibhAsa cetana aura acetana rUpameM mAnA gyaa| isa taraha deza kAla aura svarUpa, hara prakArase carama abhedakI koTi vedAnta darzana hai / bauddhadarzana pratyeka cit-acit svalakSaNoMkI vAstava svatantra sattA mAnakara hI cupa nahIM rahatA / vaha unameM kAlika bheda bho kSaNaparyAya taka svIkAra karatA hai / yahA~ taka to usakA pAramArthika bheda hai / jo prathamakSaNa meM hai vaha dvitIyameM nahIM, jo jahA~ jisa samaya jaise hai vaha vahIM usI samaya vaise hI hai, dvitIyakSaNameM nahIM / do dezoM meM rahanevAlI do kSaNoMmeM rahanevAlI koI vastu nahIM hai / isa taraha deza kAla aura svarUpakI dRSTise antima bheda bauddhadarzanakA lakSya hai / para abhedakI tarapha vedAnta darzana aura bhedakI ora bauddhadarzana vAstavavAdase kAlpanikatA yA avAstavavAdakI ora pahu~ca jAte haiM / bauddhadarzanameM vijJAnavAdI, vibhramavAdI, zUnyavAdI sabhI kAlpanika bhedake upAsaka haiN| unane bAhyajagatkA astitva hI svIkAra nahIM kiyA / kisIne use sAMvRta kahA to kisIne use avidyAnirmita kahA, to kisIne use pratyayamAtra / jainadarzanane bheda aura abhedakA antima vicAra to kiyA, para vAstavasImAko lA~ghA nahIM hai / usane do prakArake abhedaprayojaka sAmAnya dharma mAne tathA do prakArake vizeSa, jo bheda- kalpanAke viSaya hote haiM / do vibhinnasattAka dravyoMmeM abheda-vyavahAra sAdRzyase hI ho sakatA hai, ekatvase nahIM / isalie parama saMgrahanaya yadyapi vedAntakI parasattAko viSaya karatA hai aura kaha detA hai ki 'sadrUpeNa cetanAcetanAnAM bhedAbhAvAt arthAta sadrUpase cetana aura acetanameM koI bheda nahIM hai' para vaha vyavahAranayake viSayabhUta vAstava bhedakA lopa nahIM
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________________ 120 : DaoN. mahendrakumAra jaina nyAyAcArya smRti-grantha krtaa| vaha spaSTa ghoSaNA karatA hai ki cetana aura acetanameM sat-sAdRzya rUpase anugatavyavahAra ho sakatA hai, para koI aisA eka sat nahIM jo donoMmeM vAstava anugata sattA rakhatA ho, sivAya isake ki donoMmeM 'sat sat' aisA samAna pratyaya hotA hai aura 'sat sat' aisA zabda-prayoga hotA hai| eka dravyakI kAlakramase honevAlI paryAyoMmeM jo anugatavyavahAra hotA hai vaha paramArthasat ekadravyamalaka hai| yadyapi dvitIyakSaNameM avibhaktadravya akhaNDakA akhaNDa badalatA hai-parivartita hotA hai para usa satkA, jo ki parivartita huA hai astitva duniyAse naSTa nahIM kiyA jA sakatA, use miTAyA nahIM jA sakatA / jo vartamAnakSaNameM amuka dazAme hai vahI akhaNDakA akhaNDa pUrvakSaNameM atItadazAmeM thA, vahI badalakara Ageke kSaNameM tIsarA rUpa legA, para apane svarUpasattvako nahIM chor3a sakatA, sarvathA mahAvinAzake gartameM pralIna nahIM ho sktaa| isakA yaha tAtparya bilakula nahIM hai ki usameM koI zAzvata kUTastha aMza hai, kintu badalanepara bhI usakA santAnapravAha cAla rahatA hai, kabhI bhI ucchinna nahIM hotA aura na dUsaremeM vilIna hotA hai| ataH eka dravyakI apanI paryAyoMmeM honevAlA anugata vyavahAra UdhrvatAsAmAnya yA dravyamalaka hai / yaha apanemeM vastusat hai| pUrva paryAyakA akhaNDa nicor3a uttaraparyAya hai aura uttaraparyAya apane nicor3abhUta AgekI paryAyako janma detI hai| isa taraha jaise atIta aura vartamAnakA upAdAnopAdeya sambandha hai usI taraha vartamAna aura bhaviSyakA bhii| parantu sattA vartamAna kSaNamAtrakI hai| para yaha vartamAna paramparAse ananta atItoMkA uttarAdhikArI hai aura paramparAse ananta bhaviSyakA upAdAna bhI banegA / isI dRSTise dravyako kAlatrayavartI kahate haiM / zabda itane lacara hote haiM ki vastuke zatapratizata svarUpako abhrAnta rUpase upasthita karane meM sarvatra samartha nahIM hote / yadi vartamAnakA atItase bilakula sambandha na ho tabhI niranvaya kSaNikatvakA prasaGga ho sakatA hai, parantu jaba vartamAna atItakA hI parivartita rUpa hai taba vaha eka dRSTise sAnvaya hI huaa| vaha kevala paMkti aura senAkI taraha vyavahArArtha kiyA jAtevAlA saMketa nahIM hai kintu kAryakAraNabhUta aura khAsakara upAdAnopAdeyamUlaka tattva hai| vartamAna jalabindu eka oNksijana aura eka hAiDrojanake paramANuoMkA parivartanamAtra hai, arthAt oNksijanako nimitta pAkara hAiDrojana paramANu aura hAiDrojanako nimitta pAkara oNksijana paramANa donoMne hI jala paryAya prApta kara lI hai / isa dviparamANuka jalabinduke pratyeka jalANakA vizleSaNa kIjie to jJAta hogA ki jo eTama oNksijana avasthAko dhAraNa kie thA vaha samacA badalakara jala bana gayA hai| usakA aura pUrva oNksijanakA yahI sambandha hai ki yaha usakA pariNAma hai| vaha jisa samaya jala nahIM banatA aura oNksinakA oNksijana hI rahatA hai usa samaya bhI pratikSaNa parivartana sajAtIya rUpa hotA hI rahatA hai| yahI vizvake samasta cetana aura acetana dravyoMkI sthiti hai| isa taraha eka dhArAkI paryAyoMmeM anugata vyavahArakA kAraNa sAdRzyasAmAnya na hokara UrdhvatAsAmAnya dhrauvya santAna yA dravya honA hai| isI taraha vibhinna dravyoMmeM bhedakA prayojaka vyatireka vizeSa hotA hai jo tavyaktitva rUpa hai| eka dravyakI do paryAyoMmeM bheda vyavahAra karAne vAlA paryAya nAmaka vizeSa hai| jainadarzanane una sabhI kalpanAoMke grAhaka naya to batAe haiM jo vastusImAko lA~dhakara adhAratavAdakI ora jAtI hai / para sAtha hI spaSTa kaha diyA hai ki ye saba vaktAke abhiprAya hai, usake saMkalpake prakAra haiM, vastusthitike grAhaka nahIM haiM / guNa aura dharma-vastumeM guNa bhI hote hai aura dharma bhii| guNa svabhAvabhUta haiM aura inakI pratIti paranirapekSa hotI hai / dharmokI pratIti parasApekSa hotI hai aura vyavahArArtha inakI abhivyakti vastukI yogyatAke anusAra hotI rahatI hai| dharma ananta hote haiN| guNa gine hue hai| yathA-jIvake asAdhAraNa guNa-jJAna,
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________________ 4 / viziSTa nibandha : 121 darzana, sukha, vIrya Adi haiM / sAdhAraNa guNa vastutva prameyatva sattva Adi / pudgalake rUpa rasa gandha sparza Adi asAdhAraNa guNa haiM / dharmadravyakA gatihetutva, adharmadravyakA sthitihetutva, AkAzakA avagAhananimittatva aura kAlakA vartanAhetutva asAdhAraNa guNa haiM / sAdhAraNa guNa vastutva sattva abhidheyatva prameyatva Adi / jIvameM jJAnAdi sattA aura pratIti nirapekSa hai, svAbhAvika hai / para choTA bar3A, pitRtva, putratva, gurutva, ziSyatva Adi dharma sApekSa haiM / yadyapi inakI yogyatA jIva meM hai, para jJAnAdike samAna ye svarasataH guNa nahIM haiM / isI taraha pudgalameM rUpa rasa gandha aura sparza ye to svAbhAvika paranirapekSa guNa haiM parantu choTA bar3A, eka do tIna Adi saMkhyA, saMketake anusAra honevAlI vAcyatA Adi aise dharma haiM jinakI abhivyakti vyavahArArthaM hotI hai | guNa paranirapekSa svataH pratIta hote haiM tathA dharma parApekSa hokara / vastu meM yogyatA donoMkI hai| sAmAnyavivakSAse sabhI vastuke svabhAva mAne jAte haiM / saptabhaGgImeM dharmokI kalpanA vaktAke praznoMke anusAra kI jAtI hai / eka dharmako kendra meM mAnanepara usakA pratipakSI dharma A jAtA hai / phira donoM rUpako ekasAtha zabdase kahane kA prayatna sambhava nahIM hai, ataH vastukA nijarUpa avaktavya upasthita ho jAtA hai / isa taraha sat asat aura avaktavya ina tIna dharmoko lekara adhikase adhika sAta hI prazna ho sakate haiM / ataH saptabhaGgIkA nirUpaNa adhika-se-adhika sAta praznoMkI sambhAvanAkA uttara hai / prazna mAta ho sakate haiM isakA kAraNa sAta prakAra kI jijJAsAkA honA hai / jijJAsAkA sAta prakArakA honA sAta prakArake saMzayoMke adhIna hai / tathA saMzaya sAta isalie hote haiM ki vastuke dharma hI sAta prakArake haiM / 6. vizadajJAna pratyakSa -- isa taraha jJAna dravyaparyAyAtmaka aura sAmAnyavizeSAtmaka arthako viSaya karatA hai / kevala sAmAnyAtmaka yA vizeSAtmaka koI padArtha nahIM hai aura na kevala dravyAtmaka yA paryAyAtmaka hI / isIlie akalaGkadevane pratyakSakA lakSaNa karate samaya vArtikameM dravya paryAya sAmAnya aura vizeSa ye cAra vizeSaNa arthake die haiN| inakI sArthakatA uparyukta vivecanase spaSTa ho jAtI hai / jJAnake lie unane likhA hai ki use sAkAra aura svasaMvedI honA cAhie / yahA~ taka sAkAra svasaMvedI aura dravyaparyAya - sAmAnyavizepArthavedI jJAnakA nirUpaNa huA / aisA jJAna jaba 'aMjasA spaSTa' arthAt paramArthataH vizada ho taba use pratyakSa kahate haiN| sAdhAraNatayA darzanAntaroMmeM tathA lokavyavahArameM indriyajanya jJAnako pratyakSa mAnA gayA hai / tathA indriyake pare rahanevAle padArthakA bodha parokSa kahA jAtA hai| para jainadarzanakA pratyakSa aura parokSakA apanA svopajJa vicAra hai / vaha indriya Adi para padArthoMkI apekSA rakhanevAle jJAnako parokSa arthAt paratantra jJAna mAnatA hai, tathA indriyAdi-nirapekSa AtmamAtrottha jJAnako pratyakSa | yaha pratyakSakA kAraNamUlaka vivecana hai / para svarUpameM jo jJAna vizada ho vaha pratyakSa kahalAtA hai / yaha vizadatA vyavahArameM aMzataH indriyajanya jJAnameM bhI pAI jAtI hai, ataH indriyajanya jJAnako saMvyavahAra pratyakSa kahate haiM / yadyapi AgamoM meM indriyajanya matiko parokSa kahA hai aura vaha Agamika paribhASAmeM ucita bhI hai para lokavyavahArake nirvAhArthaM vaizadyAMzakA sadbhAva honese use saMvyavahAra pratyakSa bhI kahA gayA hai| vaizadyakA lakSaNa akalaGkadevane svayaM laghIyastraya ( kArikA naM 0 4 ) meM yaha kiyA hai "anumAnAdyatirekeNa vizeSa pratibhAsanam / tadvaizadyaM mataM buddheravaizadyamataH param // " arthAt anumAna Adikase adhika, niyata deza kAla aura AkAra rUpase pracuratara vizeSoMke pratibhAsanako vaizadya kahate haiM / dUsare zabdoM meM jisa jJAnameM anya kisI jJAnakI sahAyatA apekSita na ho vaha jJAna vizada kahalAtA hai / jisa taraha anumAna Adi jJAna apanI utpatti meM liMgajJAna Adi jJAnAntarakI apekSA 4-16
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________________ 122 : DaoN0 mahendrakumAra jaina nyAyAcArya smRti-grantha karate haiM usa taraha pratyakSa apanI utpattimeM kisI anya jJAnakI AvazyakatA nahIM rkhtaa| yahI anumAnAdise pratyakSameM atireka-adhikatA hai / yadyapi Agamika dRSTise indriya Aloka yA jJAnAntara kisI bhI kAraNakI apekSA rakhanevAlA jJAna parokSa hai aura AtmamAtrasApekSa hI jJAna pratyakSa, para dArzanika kSetrameM akalaMkadevake sAmane pramANavibhAgakI samasyA thI jise unhoMne bar3I vyavasthita rItise sulajhAyA hai / tattvArthasUtrameM mati aura zruta ina donoM jJAnoMko parokSa kahA hai aura vahI mati smRti saMjJA cintA aura abhinibodhako anarthAntara batAyA hai / anarthAntara kahanekA tAtparya itanA hI hai ki ye saba matijJAnAvaraNa karmake kSayopazamase hote haiM / matimeM indriya aura manase utpanna honevAle avagraha IhA avAya aura dhAraNA jJAna sammilita haiM / akalaMkadevane matiko sAMvyavahArika pratyakSa kahakara lokaprasiddha indriyajJAnakI pratyakSatAkA nirvAha kiyA aura smRti pratyabhijJAna tarka anumAna aura zruti ina sabako parokSa pramANa rUpase parigaNita kiyaa| AgamameM mati aura zruta parokSa the hI / smRti Adi matijJAnAvaraNake kSayopazamase utpanna honeke kAraNa matijJAna the hI, isalie inakA parokSatva bhI siddha thA / mAtra indriya aura manojanya matiko sAMvyavahArika pratyakSa banA denese samasta pramANavyavasthA jama gaI aura loka prasiddhikA nirvAha bhI ho gayA / yadyapi akalaMkadevane laghIyastrayameM smRti pratyabhijJAna tarka aura anumAnako bhI manomati kahA hai aura sambhavataH ve inheM bhI prAdezika pratyakSakoTimeM lAnA cAhate the, para yaha prayAsa Ageke AcAryoMke dvArA samarthita nahIM huaa| isa taraha akalaMkadevane vizadajJAnako pratyakSa kahakara zrI siddhasena divAkarake 'aparokSa grAhaka pratyakSa' isa pratyakSa-lakSaNakI kamoko dUra kara diyaa| uttarakAlIna samasta jainAcAryoMne akalaMkopajJa isa lakSaNa aura pramANavyavasthAko svIkAra kiyA hai| yadyapi bauddha bhI vizadajJAnako pratyakSa kahate haiM phira bhI pratyakSake lakSaNameM akalaMkadevake dvArA vizada padake sAtha hI prayukta 'sAkAra' aura 'aMjasA' pada khAsa mahattva rakhate haiN| bauddha nirvikalpaka jJAnako pratyakSa kahate haiN| yaha nirvikalpaka jJAna jainadArzanika paramparAmeM prasiddha viSayaviSayIsannipAtake bAda hone vAle sAmAnyAvabhAsI anAkAra darzanake samAna hai / akalaMkadevakI dRSTimeM jaba nirvikalpaka darzana pramANakoTise hI bahibhata hai taba use pratyakSa to kahA hI nahIM jA sakatA thaa| isI bAtakI sUcanAke lie unhoMne pratyakSa ke lakSaNameM sAkAra pada diyA hai, jo nirAkAra darzana tathA bauddhasammata nirvikalpaka-pratyakSakA nirAkaraNa kara nizcayAtmaka vizadajJAnako hI pratyakSa koTimeM rakhatA hai| bauddha nirvikalpaka pratyakSake bAda honevAle 'nIlamidama' ityAdi pratyakSaja vikalpoMko bhI saMvyavahArase pramANa mAna lete haiM / isakA kAraNa yaha hai ki pratyakSakeviSayabhUta dRzya svalakSaNameM vikalpake viSayabhUta vikalpa sAmAnyakA ekatvAdhyavasAya karake pravRtti karanepara svalakSaNa hI prApta hotA hai, ataH vikalpa jJAna bhI saMvyavahArase pramANa bana jAtA hai| ina vikalpameM nirvikalpakakI hI vizadatA AtI hai| isakA kAraNa hai nirvikalpaka aura savikalpakakA atizIghra utpanna honA yA eka sAtha honA / tAtparya yaha ki bauddhake matase savikalpakameM na to apanA vaizadya hai aura na pramANatva / isakA nirAsa karane ke lie akalaMkadevane aMjasA vizeSaNa diyA hai aura sUcita kiyA hai ki vikalpajJAna aMjasA vizada hai, saMvyavahArase nhiiN| paraparikalpita pratyakSa lakSaNa nirAsa bauddha nirvikalpaka jJAnako pratyakSa mAnate haiM / kalpanApoDha aura abhrAntajJAna unheM pratyakSa iSTa hai| zabdasaMsaSTa 'jJAna 'vikalpa' kahalAtA hai| nirvikalpaka zabdasaMsargase zanya hotA hai / nirvikalpaka paramArthasat svalakSaNa arthase utpanna hotA hai / isake cAra bheda hote haiM-indriyapratyakSa, svasaMvedanapratyakSa aura yogipratyakSa
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________________ 4 / viziSTa nibandha : 123 nirvikalpaka svayaM vyavahAramAdhaka nahIM hotA, vyavahAra nirvikalpakajanya savikalpakase hotA hai| savikalpaka jJAna nirmala nahIM hotA / vikalpa jJAnakI vizadatA vikalpameM jhalakatI hai| jJAta hotA hai ki vedakI pramAkatAkA khaNDana karaneke vicArase bauddhoMne zabdakA artha ke sAtha vAstavika sambandha hI nahIM mAnA aura yAvat zabdasaMsargI jJAnoMko, jinakA samarthana nirvikalpakase nahIM hotA, apramANa ghoSita kara diyA hai| inane unhIM jJAnoMko pramANa mAnA jo sAkSAt yA paramparAse arthasAmarthyajanya haiM / nirvikalpaka pratyakSake dvArA yadyapi arthameM rahanevAle kSaNikatva Adi sabhI dharmoMkA anubhava ho jAtA hai, para unakA nizcaya yathAsaMbhava vikalpakajJAna aura anumAnase hI hotA hai| nIla nirvikalpaka nIlAMzakA 'nIlamidam' isa vikalpajJAna dvArA nizcaya karatA hai aura vyavahArasAdhaka hotA hai tathA kSaNikAMzakA 'sarvaM kSaNika sattvAt' isa anumAnake dvArA / cUMki nirvikalpaka 'nIlamidam' Adi vikalpoMkA utpAdaka hai aura arthasvalakSaNase utpanna huA hai ataH pramANa hai| vikalpajJAna aspaSTa hai, kyoMki vaha paramArthasat svalakSaNase utpanna nahIM huA hai / sarvaprathama arthase nirvikalpaka hI utpanna hotA hai| usa nirvikalpAvasthAmeM kisI vikalpakA anubhava nahIM hotaa| vikalpa kalpitasAmAnyako viSaya karaneke kAraNa tathA nirvikalpakake dvArA gRhota arthako grahaNa karaneke kAraNa pratyakSAbhAsa hai| akalaMGgadeva isakI AlocanA isa prakAra karate haiM-arthakriyArthI puruSa pramANakA anveSaNa karate haiM / jaba vyavahArameM sAkSAt arthakriyAsAdhakatA savikalpakameM hI hai taba kyoM na use hI pramANa mAnA jAya ? nirvikalpakameM pramANatA lAneko Akhira Apako savikalpaka jJAna to mAnanA hI par3atA hai| yadi nivikalpake dvArA gahIta nIlAdyaMzako viSaya karanese vikalpajJAna apramANa hai; taba to anumAna bhI pratyakSake dvArA gRhIta kSaNikatvAdiko viSaya karaneke kAraNa pramANa nahIM ho skegaa| nirvikalpase jisa prakAra nIlAdyazoMmeM 'nIlamidama' ityAdi vikalpa utpanna hote hai, usI prakAra kSaNikatvAdi aMzoMmeM bhI 'kSaNikamidama' ityAdi vikalpajJAna utpanna honA caahiye| ataH vyavahArasAdhaka savikalpajJAna hI pratyakSa kahA jAne yogya hai| vikalpajJAna hI vizadarUpase pratyeka prANIke anubhavameM AtA hai, jaba ki nirvikalpajJAna anubhavasiddha nahIM hai| pratyakSase to sthira sthUla artha hI anubhavameM Ate haiM, ataH kSaNika paramANukA pratibhAsa kahanA pratyakSaviruddha hai| nirvikalpakako spaSTa honese tathA savikalpakako aspaSTa honese viSayabheda bhI mAnanA ThIka nahIM hai, kyoMki eka hI vRkSa dUravartI puruSako aspaSTa tathA samIpavartIko spaSTa dIkhatA hai| Adya-pratyakSakAlameM bhI kalpanAe~ barAbara utpanna tathA vinaSTa to hotI hI rahatI haiM, bhale hI ve anupalakSita rheN| nirvikalpase savikalpakI utpatti mAnanA bhI ThIka nahIM hai| kyoMki yadi azabda nirvikalpakase sazabda vikalpajJAna utpanna ho sakatA hai to zabdazanya arthase hI vikalpakakI utpatti mAnane meM kyA bAdhA hai ? ataH mati, smati, saMjJA, cintAdi yAvadvikalpajJAna saMvAdI honese pramANa hai / jahA~ ye visaMvAdI hoM vahIM inheM apramANa kaha sakate haiN| nirvikalpaka pratyakSameM arthakriyAsthiti arthAta arthakriyAsAdhakatva rUpa avisaMvAdakA lakSaNa bhI nahIM pAyA jAtA, ataH use pramANa kaise kaha sakate haiM ? zabdasaMsRSTa jJAnako vikalpa mAnakara apramANa kahanese zAstropadezase kSaNikatvAdikI siddhi nahIM ho skegii| mAnasa pratyakSa nirAsa-bauddha indriyajJAnake anantara utpanna honevAle vizadajJAnako, jo ki usI indriyajJAnake dvArA grAhya arthake anantarabhAvI dvitIyakSaNako jAnatA hai, mAnasa pratyakSa kahate haiN| akalaMkadeva kahate hai ki-eka hI nizcayAtmaka arthasAkSAtkArI jJAna anubhavameM AtA hai| Apake dvArA batAye gaye mAnasa pratyakSakA to pratibhAsa hI nahIM hotaa| 'nIlamidam' yaha vikalpa jJAna bhI mAnasa pratyakSakA asAdhaka hai kyoMki aisA vikalpa jJAna to indriya pratyakSase hI utpanna ho sakatA hai, isake liye mAnasa pratyakSa mAnanekI koI AvazyakatA nahIM hai| bar3I aura garama jalebI khAte samaya jitanI indriyabuddhiyA~ utpanna hotI haiM utane
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________________ 124 : DaoN0 mahendrakumAra jaina nyAyAcArya smRti grantha hI tadanantarabhAvI arthako viSaya karanevAle mAnasa pratyakSa mAnanA hoMge; kyoMki bAdameM utane hI prakArake vikalpajJAna utpanna hote haiM / isa taraha aneka mAnasa pratyakSa mAnanepara santAnabheda ho jAne ke kAraNa 'jo maiM khAne vAlA hU~ vahI maiM sUMgha rahA hU~' yaha pratyabhijJAna nahIM ho sakegA / yadi samasta rUpAdiko viSaya karanevAlA eka hI mAnasa pratyakSa mAnA jAya; taba to usIse rUpAdikA parijJAna bhI ho ho jAyagA, phira indriyabuddhiyA~ kisaliye svIkAra kI jAyeM ? dharmottarane mAnasa pratyakSako 'Agamaprasiddha' kahA hai / akalaMkadevane usakI bhI AlocanA kI hai ki jaba vaha mAtra Agamaprasiddha hI hai, taba usake lakSaNakA parIkSaNa hI nirarthaka hai / svasaMvedana pratyakSa khaNDana - yadi svasaMvedana pratyakSa nirvikalpaka hai to nidrA tathA mUcrchAdi avasthAoM meM aise nirvikalpaka pratyakSako mAnanemeM kyA bAdhA hai ? suSupta Adi avasthAoM meM anubhavasiddha jJAnakA niSedha to kiyA hI nahIM jA sktaa| yadi ukta avasthAoM meM jJAnakA abhAva ho to usa samaya yogiyoMko catuH satyaviSayaka bhAvanAoMkA bhI viccheda mAnanA par3egA / bauddha sammata vikalpake lakSaNakA nirAsa - bauddha 'abhilApavatI pratItiH kalpanA' arthAt jo jJAna zabdasaMsarga ke yogya ho usa jJAnako kalpanA yA vikalpa jJAna kahate haiM / akalaGkadevane unake isa lakSaNakA khaNDana karate hue likhA hai ki yadi zabdake dvArA kahe jAne lAyaka jJAnakA nAma kalpanA hai tathA binA zabdasaMzrayake koI bhI vikalpajJAna utpanna nahIM ho sakatA; taba zabda tathA zabdAMzoMke smaraNAtmaka vikalpake liye tadvAcaka anya zabdoM kA prayoga mAnanA hogA, una anya zabdoMke smaraNake lie bhI tadvAcaka anya zabda svIkAra karanA hoMge, isa taraha dUsare dUsare zabdoMkI kalpanA karanese anavasthA nAmakA dUSaNa AtA hai / ataH jaba vikalpajJAna hI siddha nahIM ho pAtA tatra vikalpajJAnarUpa sAdhakake abhAva meM nirvikalpaka bhI asiddha hI raha jAyagA aura nirvikalpaka tathA savikalpakarUpa pramANadvayake abhAva meM sAdhaka pramANa na honese sakala prameyakA bhI abhAva hI prApta hogA / yadi zabda tathA zadvAMzoMkA smaraNAtmaka vikalpa tadvAcaka zabdaprayogake binA ho hotA hai to vikalpakA abhilASavattva lakSaNa avyApta ho jAyagA aura jisa taraha zabda tathA zabdAMzoM kA smaraNAtmaka vikalpa tadvAcaka anya zabdake prayogake binA hI ho jAtA hai usI taraha 'nIlamidam' ityAdi vikalpa bhI zabdaprayogakI yogyatA ke binA hI ho jAyeMge, tathA cakSurAdibuddhiyA~ zabda prayoga ke binA hI nIlapItAdi padArthoM kA nizcaya karaneke kAraNa svataH vyavasAyAtmaka siddha ho jAya~gI / ataH vikalpakA abhilApavattva lakSaNa dUSita hai / vikalpakA nirdoSa lakSaNa hai - samAropavirodhI grahaNa yA nizcayAtmakatva / sAMkhya zrotrAdi indriyoMkI vRttiyoMko pratyakSa pramANa mAnate haiM / akalaGkadeva kahate haiM ki-zrotrAdi indriyoMkI vRttiyA~ to taimirika rogIko honevAle dvicandrajJAna tathA anya saMzayAdijJAnoMmeM bhI prayojaka hotI haiM, para ve sabhI jJAna pramANa to nahIM haiM / nyAyika indriyoM aura artha ke sannikarSako pratyakSa pramANa kahate haiM / ise bhI akalaMkadevane sarvajJake jJAnameM avyApta batAte huye likhA hai ki- trikAla - trilokavartI yAvat padArthoMko viSaya karanevAlA sarvajJakA jJAna pratiniyata zaktivAlI indriyoMse to utpanna nahIM ho sakatA, para pratyakSa to avazya hai / ataH sannikarSa avyApta hai / cakSuke dvArA rUpakA pratyakSa sannikarSake binA hI ho jAtA hai / cAkSuSa pratyakSa meM sannikarSa kI AvazyakatA nahIM hai / kA~ca Adise vyavahita padArthakA jJAna sannikarSakI anAvazyakatA siddha kara hai| pratyakSa ke bheda - akalaMkadevane pratyakSake tIna bheda kiye haiM- 1 - indriya pratyakSa 2 - anindriya pratyakSa
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________________ 4 / viziSTa nibandha : 125 3-atIndriya pratyakSa / cakSu Adi indriyoMse rUpAdikakA spaSTa jJAna indriya pratyakSa hai| manake dvArA sukha AdikI anubhUti mAnasa pratyakSa hai / akalaMkadevane laghIyastrayasvavRtti meM smRti saMjJA cintA aura abhinibodhako atIndriya pratyakSa kahA hai| isakA abhiprAya itanA hI hai ki-mati smati saMjJA cintA aura abhinibodha ye saba matijJAna haiM, matijJAnAvaraNake kSayopazamase inakI utpatti hotI hai| matijJAna indriya aura manase utpanna hotA hai| indriyajanya matijJAnako jaba saMvyavahArameM pratyakSa rUpase prasiddhi honeke kAraNa indriyapratyakSa mAna liyA, taba usI taraha manomati rUpa smaraNa pratyabhijJAna tarka aura anumAnako bhI pratyakSa hI kahanA cAhiye / parantu saMvyavahAra indriyajanya matiko to pratyakSa mAnatA hai, para smaraNa Adiko nhiiN| ataH akalaGkakI smaraNa Adiko anindriya pratyakSa mAnanekI vyAkhyA unhIM taka sImita rhii| ve zabdayojanAke pahile smaraNa Adiko matijJAna aura zabdayojanAke bAda inhIMko zrutajJAna bhI kahate haiN| para uttarakAlameM asaMkIrNa pramANa vibhAgake lie-indriya aura manomati sAMvyavahArika pratyakSa, smRti Adi parokSa, zrata parokSa aura avadhi manaHparyaya tathA kevalajJAna ye tIna jJAna paramArthapratyakSa' yahI vyavasthA sarvasvIkRta huii| paramArthapratyakSa AtmamAtrase utpanna hotA hai| avadhi aura manaHparyayajJAna sImita viSayavAle haiM tathA kevalajJAna sUkSma vyavahita viprakRSTa Adi samasta padArthoMko jAnatA hai| paramArthapratyakSa kI siddhike lie akalaMkadevakA nimnalikhita yuktivAda antima hai "jJasyAvaraNavicchede jJeyaM kimavaziSyate / aprApyakAriNastasmAt srvaarthaanvlokte||"-nyaayvi0 zlo0 465-66 / arthAta-jJasvabhAva AtmAke jJAnAvaraNa karmake sarvathA naSTa ho jAnepara koI jJeya zeSa nahIM raha jAtA jo usa jJAnakA viSaya na ho sake / cU~ki jJAna svabhAvataH aprApyakArI hai ataH use padArthake pAsa yA padArthoMko jJAnake pAsa AnekI bhI AvazyakatA nahIM hai / ataH aise nirAvaraNa aprApyakArI pUrNajJAnase samasta padArthoMkA bodha honA hI caahie| sabase bar3I bAdhA jJAnAvaraNakI thI, so jaba vaha samala naSTa ho gayA to nirAvaraNa jJAna svajJeyako jAnegA hii| ___ isa taraha isa pratyakSa prastAvameM pratyakSa kA sAGgopAGga varNana kiyA gayA hai| bhaTTAkalaMkadeva nyAyavinizcaya mUlagranthake praNetA jainanyAyavAGmayake amara pratiSThApaka, udbhaTavAdI, jainazAsanake cirasmaraNIya prabhAvaka, anekAntavAdake upastotA AcAryavara bhaTTAkalaMkadeva haiN| jinake puNyagaNoMkA smaraNa, jinake tyAgako pUtagAthA Aja bhI jIvanameM preraNA aura sphUrti detI hai| jo na kevala jaina sampradAyake hI amararatna the, kintu bhAratamAtAkA mukUTa jina inegine nararatnoMse Alokita hai unameM agraNI the| ve bhAratIke bhAlakI zobhA the| zAstrArthoM meM jinheM daivIbala bhI parAsta nahIM kara sakatA thA una zabdaarthake dhanI, para akiJcana akalaMkabrahma ke mukhya grantha nyAyavinizcayakA tadanurUpa vyAkhyAkAra vAdirAjasarike vivaraNake sAtha prathamabAra prakAzana kiyA jAtA hai| granthake pratyakSa prastAvakA saMkSipta pahile likhA jA cukA hai| granthakAroMke viSayameM, khAsakara unake samaya AdikA, jJAta paricaya karAnA avasaraprApta hai| akalaMkadevake samaya Adike viSayameM 'akalaMkagranthatraya aura usake kartA' lekhameM vistArase prakAza DAlA gayA hai| yaha lekha isI smRti graMthake khaNDa 4 meM prakAzita hai usameM granthoMke Antara parIkSaNake
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________________ 126 : DaoN. mahendrakumAra jaina nyAyAcArya smRti-grantha AdhArase inakA samaya san 720 se 780 taka nizcita kiyA hai| dharmakIrti tathA unake ziSyaparivArake samayakI avadhike jo dazaka nizcita kie gae haiM, zrI rAhula sAMkRtyAyanakI sUcanAnusAra unameM saMzodhanakI gaMjAiza hai| nizotharNimeM darzanaprabhAvaka granthoMmeM jo siddhivinizcayakA ullekha pAyA jAtA hai, vaha siddhivinizcaya nizcayataH akalaMkakRta hI hai aura nizIthacUNike kartA ve hI jinadAsagaNi mahattara haiM jinane zakasaM0 598 arthAta san 676 meM nandIcUrNikI racanA kI thii| aisI dazAmeM san 676 ke AsapAsa racI gaI nizIthacUNimeM akalaMkake siddhi vinizcayakA ullekha eka aisA mUla pramANa bana sakatA hai jisake AdhArase na kevala akalaMkakA hI samaya nizcita kiyA jA sakatA hai, apitu isa yugake aneka bauddhAcArya aura vaidika AcAryoMke samayapara bhI maulika prakAza DAlA jA sakatA hai| vAdirAjasarikA samaya sunizcita hai| unane apanA pArzvanAthacaritra zaka saM0 947 kArtika sudI 3 ko banAyA thaa| ye usa samaya caulukyacakravartI jayasiMhadevakI rAjadhAnImeM nivAsa karate the| unake isa samayakI puSTi anya aitihAsika pramANoMse bhI hotI hai| ataH san 1025 ke AsapAsa hI isa granthakI racanA huI hogii| jaina samAjake suprasiddha itivRttajJa paM0 nAthUrAma jI premIne apane 'jaina sAhitya aura itihAsa' granthameM vAdirAjasUripara sAGgopAGga likhA hai jo dRSTavya hai / isa taraha grantha aura graMthakArake sambandhameM kucha khAsa jJAtavya muddoM kA nirdeza kiyA gayA hai|