Karmtattva

Author(s): Sukhlal Sanghavi
Publisher: Z_Jaindharma_no_Pran_002157.pdf
Catalog link: https://jainqq.org/explore/249517/1

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karmatattva karmavAdIne siddhAnta e che ke jIvana e mAtra vartamAna janmamAM ja pUruM nathI thatuM; e te pahelAM paNa hatuM ane AgaLa paNa cAlavAnuM. koI paNa sAruM ke narasuM, sthUla ke sUkSma, zArIrika ke mAnasika evuM pariNAma jIvanamAM nathI udbhavatuM ke jenuM bIja te vyaktie vartamAna ke pUrva janmamAM vAvyuM na hoya. karmavAdanI dIrdha dRSTi evuM eka paNa dhUla ke sUkSma, mAnasika, vAcika ke kAyika kama nathI ke je A ke para janmamAM pariNAma utpanna karyA sivAya vilaya pAme. karmavAdInI daSTi dIdhuM eTalA mATe che ke te traNe kALane sparza che; jyAre cArvAkanI daSTi dIdhuM nathI, kema ke te mAtra vartamAnane sparze che. karmavAdanI A dIrdha dRSTi sAthe tenI vaiyaktika, kauTuMbika, sAmAjika ke vizvIya javAbadArIo ane naitika baMdhanamAM, cArvAkanI alpa daSTimAMthI phalita thatI javAbadArIo ane naitika baMdhane karatAM, moTo phera paDI jAya che. je A phera barAbara samajavAmAM Ave ane tene aMza paNa jIvanamAM Utare te te karmavAdIone cArvAka pratye AkSepa sAce gaNAya ane cArvAkanA dharmadhyeya karatAM karmavAdInuM dharmadhyeya unnata ane grAhya che ema jIvanavyavahArathI batAvI zakAya. [daaciM- bhA. 1, pR. 59]

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jainadharmane prANu zAstronA anAdipaNAnI mAnyatA jaina sAhityamAM atyAre zvetAMbara ane digaMbaranAM je karma zAstra mejUda che, emAMnA prAcIna manAtA karmaviSayaka graMthane sAkSAt saMbaMdha bane paraMparAo AgrAyaNIya pUrva sAthe batAve che. banne paraMparAo AgrAyaNuya pUrvane dRSTivAda nAmanA bAramA aMgamAMnA cauda pUrvemAMnuM bIjuM pUrva mAne che, ane bane paraMparAo ekasarakhI rIte mAne che ke badhAM aMge ane cauda pUrva, e badhuM bhagavAna mahAvIranI sarvajJavANInuM sAkSAta phaLa che. A cirakAlIna sAMkadAyika mAnyatA pramANe atyAre vidyamAna karmaviSayaka samagra sAhitya, zabdarUpe nahIM te chevaTe bhAvarUpe bhagavAna mahAvIranA sAkSAta upadezane ja paraMparAthI maLelo sAra che. A ja rIte evI paNa sAMpradAyika mAnyatA che ke kharI rIte badhAM zAstro bhAvarUpe kevaLa bhagavAna mahAvIrathI ja pUrvakAlIna nahIM ke pUrve pUrve thayela bIjA bIjI tIrtha karethI paNa pahelAMnA samayanA eTale ke eka rIte anAdi che. aMgazAstro pravAharUpe anAdi hovA chatAM samaye samaye thatA navA navA tIrthakaro dvArA pUrva pUrvanAM aMgazAstro navuM navuM rUpa dhAraNa karatA rahe che. A mAnyatAne pragaTa karatAM kalikAlasarvajJa AcArya hemacaMde pramANamImAMsAmAM, niyAyika jayaMta bhaTTanuM anukaraNa karIne, bhAre khUbIthI kahyuM che ke -"anAdara tA vicA: saMvitaravi kSA navanavImati, tattazviocatte vizAzrI, na AnIdazaM gat ?"--anAdikAlIna evI A ja vidyAo saMkSepamAM ke vistArathI vivaraNa karavAnI IcchAne lIdhe navuM navuM svarUpa pAme che, ane e vivaraNa karanAranI kRti tarIke oLakhAya che. zuM te nathI sAMbhaLyuM ke duniyA te sadAkALathI AvI ne AvI ja cAlI Ave che? upara jaNAvelI sAMpradAyika mAnyatA evI che ke jene sAMpradAyika leke atyAra sudhI akSarazaH sAcI mAnI rahyA che, ane jevI rIte

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karmatatva, 185 mImAMsake vedonA anAdiSaNanI mAnyatAnuM samarthana kare che, e rIte ja enuM samarthana paNa kare che. zAstrone lagatI upara sUcavelI mAnyatA pratye sAMpradAyika leno bhAre Adara hovA chatAM ahIM karmazAstra ane enA mukhya viSaya kamataravanA saMbaMdhamAM eka bIjI dRSTie vicAra karavAnuM che. e daSTi che etihAsika, kamAtranI jarUra zA mATe ? pahelo prazna to karmatattvane mAnavuM ke nahIM ane mAnavuM te kayA AdhAre, e hato. eka pakSa e hato ke je kAma ane enA sAdhanarUpa artha sivAya bIjA koI puruSArthane mAnato na hato. enI samajaNa mujaba A leka e ja puruSArtha hato. tethI ene evuM koI karmatattva svIkAravAnI jarUra na hatI ke je sArA-khoTA janmAMtara ke palekane apAvanAruM heya. A ja pakSa cArvAka paraMparAne nAme prakhyAta thayo. paNa sAthe sAthe ja, e ati prAcIna yugamAM paNa, evA ciMtaka hatA ke jeo kahetA hatA ke maraNa pachI janmAMtara paNa che, eTaluM ja nahIM, badhe A dekhAtA loka-jarAta uparAMta bIjA paNa zreSTha ane kaniza le che. AvA leke punarjanmavAdI ane paralakavAdI kahevAtA hatA. emanI mAnyatA evI hatI ke je karma na hiya to janma-janmAMtara tema ja A leka-paralekane saMbaMdha baMdhe besI ja nathI zakatA. eTalA mATe punarjanmanI mAnyatAne AdhAre kama -tattvane svIkAra karavo jarUrI che. A karmavAdIo ja potAnI jAtane paralekavAdI tathA Astika kahetA hatA. dharma, artha, kAmane ja mAnanAra pravartakadharmavAdI pakSa karmavAdIonA mukhya be pakSa che. eka te ema kahetA hatA ke karmanuM phaLa janmAMtara ane paraleka jarUra che, paNa zreSTha janma tathA zreSTha paralekane mATe kama paNa zreSTha ja joIe. A pakSa paralokavAdI hovAthI tathA zreSTha leka, jene svarga kahevAmAM Ave che, e meLavavAnA

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jenadharmane prANa sAdhanarUpe dharmanuM pratipAdana karAvavALo hevAthI, e dharma, artha ane kAma, e traNa ja puruSArthone mAnate hate; enI daSTimAM mekSanuM judA puruSArtharUpe koI sthAna na hatuM. jyAM jyAM pravartaka dharmane ullekha maLe che, e badhA A traNa-puruSArthavAdI pakSanA maMtavyanA ja sUcaka che. TUMkamAM, e pakSanuM maMtavya evuM che ke dharma eTale ke zubha karmanuM phaLa svarga ane adharma eTale azubha karmanuM phaLa naraka vagere che. dharmaadhama ja puNyapApa tathA adaSTa kahevAya che, ane enI mAraphata ja janma-janmAMtaranuM cakra cAlyA kare che, ane ene uzkeda tha zakya nathI. zakya eTaluM ja che ke jo sAre leka ane vadhAre sukha meLavavA heya te dharmanuM ja pAlana karavuM. A mata pramANe adhama ke pApa te heya che, paNa dharma ke puNya heya nathI. A pakSa sAmAjika vyavasthAne samarthaka hatuM, tethI ja e samAjamAM mAnya evAM ziSTa tema ja vihita AcaraNathI dharmanI utpatti thavAnuM ane niMdya-halakAM AcaraNethI adharmanI utpatti thavAnuM jaNAvIne dareka prakAranI sAmAjika suvyavasthA tarapha dhyAna ApatA hatA. e ja pakSa brAhmaNamArga, mImAMsaka ane karmakAMDIne nAme prasiddha thayo. mekSapuruSArthI nivartidharmavAdI pakSa karmavAdIone bIjo pakSa upara jaNAvela pakSathI sAva viruddha daSTi dharAvatA hatA. e mAnato hato ke punarjanmanuM kAraNa karma che, emAM zaMkA nathI. ziSTasaMmata tema ja vihita kAryonuM AcaraNa. karavAthI dharma thAya che, ane ethI svarga paNa maLe che. paNa e dharma paNa, adharmanI jema ja, sarvathA heya che. enI mAnyatA pramANe eka cotho svataMtra puruSArtha paNa che, je makSa kahevAya che. enuM kahevuM che ke kevaLa mekSa ja jIvananuM dhyeya che, ane mokSane mATe badhAMya karmabhale pachI e puNyarUpa hoya ke pAparUpa-he che. karmane nAza zakya nathI, evuM paNa nathI. prayatnathI e paNa thaI zake che. jyAM jyAM

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karma tattva 187 nivartaka dharmane ullekha Ave che tyAM badheya e A matane ja darzAve che. enI mAnyatA pramANe jyAre karmanI nivRtti zakaya ane iSTa che tyAre ene karmanI utpattinuM mULa kAraNuM pahelA pakSanI mAnyatAthI viruddha ja jaNAvavuM paDyuM. eNe kahyuM ke dharma ane adharmanuM mULa. kAraNa pracalita sAmAjika vidhi-niSedha nahIM paNa ajJAna ane rAga-- deza che. AcaraNa game tevuM ziSTasaMmata ane vihita kema na hoya. paNa jo e ajJAna tema ja rAgadeSajanya heya te ethI adharmanI, ja utpatti thAya che. enA mate puNya ane pApanA bheda kevaLa sthULa. dRSTivALAone mATe che, tAttvika rIte te puNya ane pApa bane ajJAna. tema ja rAgadeSajanya hevAne lIdhe adharma tema ja heya ja che. A nivakadharmavAdI pakSa sAmAjika nahIM paNa vyaktivikAsavAdI hatA. jyAre e pakSe karmane nAza ane mekSa puruSArtha svIkArI lIdhe tyAre ene kamano uccheda karanArAM ane mokSane apAvanArAM kAraNe paNa vicAra karavo paDyo. A vicAraNAnA phaLarUpe eNe karmane dUra karanArAM je kAraNe nakkI karyA e ja e pakSane nivartaka dharma che. pravartaka dharma ane nivartaka dhamanI dizA ekabIjAthI sAva viruddha che. ekanuM dhyeya sAmAjika vyavasthAnuM sthApana che, jyAre bIjAnuM dhyeya potAnA AtyaMtika-saMpUrNa sukhanI prApita che; tethI e kevaLa AtmagAmI che. nivaka dharma ja bamaNa, paritrAjaka, tapasvI ane gamArga vagere nAme prasiddha che. karmanI pravRtti ajJAna tema ja rAgadaiSajanya hevAne lIdhe enI saMpUrNa nivRttinA upAya ajJAnanuM virodhI samyajJAna ane rAga-dveSane virodhI-rAgadveSanA nAza rUpa-saMyama ja nakkI thayAM. bAkInAM tapa, dhyAna, bhakiA vagere badhAya upAyo upara, sUcavela jJAna ane saMyamanA ja sAdhanarUpa lekhavAmAM AvyA che. karmata saMbaMdhI vicAra ane ene jJAtAvarga nivakadharmavAdIone mekSanA svarUpa tathA enAM sAdhananI

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188 jainadharmane prANa bAbatamAM te UhApoha kare ja paDyo, paNa sAthe sAthe emane karmatatva saMbaMdhI paNa ghaNe vicAra karavo paDyo. emaNe karma tathA enA bhedanI paribhASAo tema ja vyAkhyAo sthira karI; kArya ane kAraNanI dRSTie kamatattvanuM judI judI rIte vargIkaraNa karyuM; karmanI phaLa ApavAnI zaktionuM vivecana karyuM, judA judA vipAkanI samayamaryAdA vicArI; karmone arasaparasanA saMbaMdhano paNa vicAra karyo. A rIte nivakadharmavAdIonuM karmatatva saMbaMdhI eka khAsuM -zAstra vyavasthita thaI gayuM, ane divase divase navA navA prazno ane enA uttarane lIdhe ene vadhu ne vadhu vikAsa paNa thato rahyo. A nivakadharmavAdI judA judA pakSe pitAnI anukULatA mujaba judA judA vicAro dharAvatA hatA, paNa jyAM sudhI e badhAnuM eka saMyukta dhyeya pravakadharmavAdanuM khaMDana karavAnuM hatuM tyAM sudhI emanAmAM vicAravinimaya paNa thato rahyo ane ekavAkyatA paNa cAlu rahI. A kAraNathI ja, joke nyAya-vaizeSika, sAMkhya-ga, jaina ane bauddha darzanenuM atyAre upalabdha thatuM sAhitya moTe bhAge to evA samayamAM racAyuM hatuM ke jyAre A darzanene ekabIjA pratyene sadbhAva sArA pramANamAM ghaTI gayo hato chatAM paNa, e darzananA karmaviSayaka sAhityamAM paribhASA, bhAva, vagIkaraNa vageremAM zabdanI tema ja arthanI dRSTie ghaNuMkharuM sAmya jovAmAM Ave che. mokSavAdIonI sAme zarUAtathI ja eka muzkela savAla e hato ke, eka te pahelAM bAMdhelAM karmo ja anaMta che; vaLI, krame krame enuM phaLa bhogavatI vakhate dareka kSaNe navAM navAM karmo paNa baMdhAya che, pachI A samasta karmone sarvathA nAza kevI rIte thaI zake? A savAlano ukela paNa mekSavAdIoe bhAre khUbIthI zodhI kADhyo hati. atyAre e nivRttivAdI darzananA sAhityamAM e ukelanuM saMkSipta tema ja vistRta ekasarakhuM varNana ApaNane jovA maLe che. A

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krama tattva 189 vastusthiti eTaluM sUcita karavAne mATe basa che ke kayAreka nikadharmavAdIonA judA judA pakSA vacce khUba vicAravinimaya thatA hatA. Avu badhu hovA chatAM paNa dhIme dhIme evA samaya AvI gaye! ke jyAre A nivadhavAdI pakSe pahelAM jeTalA ekabInanI samIpa na rahyA. ema chatAM dareka pakSa katattva saMbadhI UhApoha te karatA ja rahyo. daramyAnamAM evuM paNa banyuM ke niva kadhavAdI. pakSamAM eka khAse karmaciMtaka pakSa ja sthira thaI gayA, ke je mekSa sabadhI savAla karatAM krama sabadhI ja UMDA vicAra karatA hatA ane mukhyatve enu ja adhyayana-adhyApana karatA hatA--jevI rIte jA bIjA viSNeAnA khAsa citavarga potapotAnA viSayamAM karato hatA ane atyAre paNa kare che. mukhyatve e ja kazAstranA ciMtakavaga jainadharmamAM karmazAstraanuyogadhara varga ke kamaCsiddhAMtanettA va che. karmatattvanI viAraNAnI prAcInatA ane samAnatA kamabaMdhanAM kAraNo ane enA nAzanA upAya) saMbaMdhamAM te adhA mekSavAdI gauNa-mukhyabhAve ekamata ja che, paNa kama tattvanA svarUpa sabaMdhamAM upara sUcavela karmaciMtaka vastu je maMtavya che e jANavu' jarUrI che. paramANuvAdI mekSamAgI vaizeSika vagere kamane cetananiSTha mAnIne ane cetananA dharma kahetA hatA; jyAre pradhAnavAdI --prakRtivAdI sAMkhyayoga ene aMtaHkaraNasthita mAnIne jaDa kahetA hatA. paraMtu AtmA ane paramANune pariNAmI mAnavAvALA jaina ciMtA potAnI judI prakriyA pramANe karmane cetana ane jaDa bannenAM pariNAmarUpe ubhayarUpa mAnatA hatA. emanA mata mujaba AtmA cetana |vA chatAM sAMkhyanA prakRtijanya ata:karaNanI jema sakAya-vikAsazIla hatA, jemAM karmarUpI vikAro paNa saMbhava che. ane je jaDa paramANuo sAthe ekarasa paNa thaI zake che. vaizeSika vagerenA mata mujaba kama cetana hovAne lIdhe kharI rIte cetanathI judu

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jainadhama nA prANa 190 nathI ane sAMkhyanA mata mujaba karma prakRtinA dhama hovAthI kharI rIte e jaDathI juduM nathI; paNa jaina ciMtAnI mAnyatA mujaba karmatattva cetana ane jaDa banne rUpe ja phalita thAya che, jene teo bhAva ane dravyaphama paNa kahe che. A badhI pharma saMbadhI prakriyA eTalI prAcIna te| jarUra che ke jyAre ka tattvanA citakA vacce paraspara vicAravinimaya vadhAremAM vadhAre thatA hatA. e samaya keTalA prAcIna che e nizcita rUpe to kahI zakAya ema nathI, paNa jaina darzanamAM lAMbA samayathI ka zAstranu je sthAna che, e zAstramAM vicArAnu je UMDANu, kaDIbaddhapaNuM ane samamAM sUkSma bhAvenuM asAdhAraNa nirUpaNa che, ene dhyAnamAM letAM ema mAnyA vinA nathI cAlatu` ke jaina darzananI viziSTa karmavidyA bhagavAna pArzvanAtha pahelAM jarUra susthira thaI cUkI hatI. A zAstranA jANakAra karmazAstravettA kahevAyA ane e ja vidyA AgrAcaNIya pUrva tathA kamapravAda pUrvane nAme vizruta thaI. aitihAsika daSTie pUrva' zabdano artha bhagavAna mahAvIr pahelAMthI cAlyAM AvatAM zAstravizeSa thAya che. niHzaMkapaNe A 'pUrva kharI rIte bhagavAna pArzvanAtha pahelAMthI ja eka ke bIje rUpe pracalata hatAM. eka taraph jaina citAe karmatattvanA ciMtana pratye khUkha dhyAna ApyuM, jyAre bIjI tarapha sAMkhya-cege dhyAnamArga pratye vizeSa dhyAna ApyuM. AgaLa jatAM jyAre tathAgata mudde thayA tyAre emaNe paNa dhyAna upara ja vadhAre bhAra ApyA. paNa badhAe vArasAmAM maLela kumaciMtanane sAcavI rAkhyu. eTalA mATe ja sUkSmatAnI ane vistA ranI dRSTie jaina karmazAstra peAtAnuM asAdhAraNa sthAna dharAvavA chatAM sAMkhyayeAga, bauddha vagere danAnAM ka`ciMtaneAnI sAthe enu ghaNuMkharuM sAmya che ane mULamAM ekatA paNa che, je kazAstranA abhyAsIoe jANavA jevAM che,

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karmatava 191 jaina tathA anya darzananI IzvaranA caNikata saMbaMdhI mAnyatA karmavAnuM mAnavuM ema che ke sukha-du:kha, saMpatti vipatti, UMcanIca vagere aneka prakAranI avasthAe jovAmAM Ave che, emAM kALa, svabhAva, puruSArtha vagere kAranI jema kAma paNa eka kAraNa che. paraMtu karmapradhAna jena darzana, anya darzananI jema, upara jaNAvI evI avasthAonA ke sRSTinI utpattinA kAraNarUpe Izvarane nathI mAnatuM. bIjA darzano te sRSTinI kyAreka utpatti thaI ema mAne che, ane tethI e darzanamAM koI ne kaI rIte sRSTinI utpattinI sAthe Izvarane saMbaMdha joDI devAmAM Ave che. nyAyadarzana kahe che ke sArA-kharAba karmonuM phaLa IzvaranI preraNAthI ja maLe che. vaizeSika darzanamAM Izvarane sRSTine kartA mAnIne enuM svarUpa varNavyuM che. yogadarzanamAM Izvarane adhiSThAtA mAnIne te dvArA prakRtinuM pariNAma-jaDa jagatano phelAvo-mAnela che ane zaMkarAcArye paNa potAnA brahmasUtranA bhASyamAM, upaniSadanA AdhAre, Thera Thera brahmane sRSTinuM upAdAnakAraNuM siddha karyuM che paraMtu ene phaLa bhagavAvavA mATe jaina darzana Izvarane karmane preraka nathI mAnatuM, kAraNa ke karmavAdanuM mAnavuM che ke jevI rIte jIva karma karavAmAM svataMtra che. e ja rIte enA phaLane bhogavavAmAM paNa svataMtra che. e ja rIte jaina darzane Izvarane sRSTine adhiSThAtA paNa nathI mAnatuM, kema ke enI mAnyatA mujaba sRSTi anAdianaMta hovAthI e kyAreya utpanna nathI thaI tathA e pite ja pariNamanazIla hovAthI ene IzvaranA adhiSThAnanI apekSA nathI rahetI. . . . . . ------ 1. gautamasUtra a. 4, A. 1, sUra 1. 2, prazastapAda-bhAgya pR. 48. 3. samAdhipAda sU0 24nAM bhASya ane TIkA. 4. brahmasUtra 2-1-26nuM bhASya; brahmAstra a0 ra-3-1

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jainadharmane prANa Izvara aSTine kartA ane karmalAtA kema nahIM? A jagata kyAreya navuM nathI banyuM; enuM astitva te sadAkALathI ja che. hA, emAM parivartana thatAM rahe che. aneka parivartana evAM thAya che ke je thavAmAM manuSya vagere prANuvarganA prayatnanI jarUra jovAmAM Ave che, tema ja evAM parivartana paNa thAya che ke jemAM keInA prayatnanI apekSA nathI rahetI; e jaDa tattanA jAtajAtanA saMyogothI-garamI, vega, diyA vagere zakitaothI-thatAM rahe che. dAkhalA tarIke mATI, paththara vagere vastuo ekatra thaI javAthI nAnA-moTA TekarA ke pahADa banI jAya che; AmatemathI pANInA pravAho bhegA thaI javAthI e nadIrUpe vahevA lAge che; varALa pANarUpe varase che ane pharI pAchuM pANI varALa banI jAya che, vagere vagere. eTalA mATe Izvarane sRSTine kartA mAnavAnI kaI jarUra nathI. prANa jevuM karma kare che evuM ja phaLa ene karma dvArA maLe che. karma jaDa che, ane prANuM pote karelA kharAba karmanuM phaLa maLe ema nathI Icchato, e sAcuM che, paNa e dhyAnamAM rAkhavuM joIe ke jIva-cetananA saMsargathI karmamAM evI zakti pedA thaI jAya che ke jethI e pitAnA sArA-kharAba vipakAne, niyata samaye, jIva viSe pragaTa karI de che. karmavAda ema nathI mAnatA ke jaDa karma, cetananA saMparka vagara ja, phaLa ApavAmAM samartha che. e te eTaluM ja kahe che ke phaLa ApavA mATe IzvararUpa cetananI preraNA mAnavAnI koI jarUra nathI. kAraNa ke badhAya jIva cetana che. teo jevuM kAma kare che evI ja emanI buddhi thaI jAya che, ke jethI karmanA phaLanI IcchA na hovA chatAM teo evuM ja kAma karI bese che ke jethI emane pitAnA karma pramANe phaLa maLI jAya che. karma karavuM eka vAta che, ane enA phaLane na IcchavuM e bIjI vAta che. kevaLa IcchA nahIM hovAthI karelA kamanuM phaLa maLatuM aTakI jAya, evuM nathI banatuM. sAmagrI ekatra

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karma tattva 193 thaI gayA pachI kArya potAnI meLe ja thavA mAMDe che. dAkhalA tarIke, eka mANasa taDakAmAM Ubho che, garama garama vastu khAya che, ane icche che ke tarasa na lAge; te zuM kaI rIte enI tarasa rekAI zake che? IzvarakartavavAdIonuM kahevuM che ke IzvaranI IcchAthI preraNA pAmIne karma tipitAnuM phaLa prANIomAM pragaTAve che. A viSe karmavAdIo kahe che ke karma karatI vakhate, enA AtmAnA pariNAma pramANe jIvamAM evA saMskAra pAI jAya che ke jethI prerAIne kartA-jIva karmanA phaLane ApameLe ja bhogave che, ane karma enA upara potAnuM phaLa pote ja pragaTAve che. jIva ane Izvara vacce bhedaabheda Izvara cetana che ane jIva paNa cetana; to pachI emanI vacce aMtara ja zuM che? hA, eTaluM aMtara hoI zake ke jIvanI badhI zaktio AvaraNathI gherAyelI che, ane IzvaranI gherAyelI nathI. paNa jyAre jIva pitAnAM AvaraNane dUra karI nAkhe che, tyAre enI badhI zaktio pUrNarUpe prakAzI UThe che. pachI jIva ane Izvara vacce viSamatA kevI? viSamatAnuM kAraNa je aupAdhika karma che, e dUra thaI javA chatAM paNa je viSamatA cAlu rahe te pachI muktine ja ze artha ? viSamatAnuM rAjya saMsAra sudhI ja maryAdita che, AgaLa nahIM, tethI karmavAda mujaba ema mAnavAmAM kaI vAMdho nathI ke badhAya mukta jIva Izvara ja che; kevaLa zraddhAne AdhAre ema kahevuM ke Izvara eka ja hovo joIe, e barAbara nathI. pitAnA vidatanuM kAraNa jIva pote ja A leka ke paraloka sAthe saMbaMdha dharAvatA koI kAma mATe jyAre manuSya pravRtti kare tyAre e te saMbhavatuM ja nathI ke ene kaI paNa jAtanA viddhane sAmane kara na paDe. manuSyane eTale vizvAsa ho ja joIe ke bhale huM jANuM zakuM ke na jANuM zakuM, paNa

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jainadhamanA prANa 194 mArA vighnanu AMtarika ane mULa kAraNa mArI aMdara ja hAvu joIe. je AbhyaMtara bhUmikA upara vighnarUpI viSuvRkSa Uge che, enuM khIja paNa e ja bhUmimAM vAveluM hovu joIe. pavana, pANI vagere bAhya nimittonI jema e vighnarUpI vikSane ugADavAmAM kadAca kAI anya vyakti nirmitta banI zake, paNa e vyakti vighnanu bIja nathI- eTalA vizvAsa mAnavInAM buddhinetrAne sthira karI de che, jethI e muzkelInu mULa kAraNa potAnI jAtamAM nihALIne ane mATe e na te bIjA kAInA upara doSArApaNu kare che ke na pote gabharAya che. karmAMnA siddhAMta aMge DaeN. seksamUlarA abhiprAya karmanA siddhAMtanI zreSThatA darzAvatA je vicArA DaoN, meksamUlare darzAvyA che te jANavA jevA che. teo kahe che keH-~ "e to nizcita che ke karmanA siddhAMtane prabhAva mAnavajIvana upara behuda patho che. jo mAnavI e jANe ke vartamAna jIvanamAM kAI jAtanA aparAdha karyAM vagara paNa mAre je kaMI du:kha veThavu paDe che e mArA pUrvajanmanA karmanuM ja phaLa che, to e, jUnu devu cukavanAra mAnavInI jema, zAMtapaNe e saMkaTate sahana karI leze; ane sAthe sAthe jo e mAnavI eTaluM paNa jANatA hoya ke sahanazIlatAthI jAnu devuM cUkate karI zakAya che, tathA ethI ja bhaviSyane mATe dharmAMnI mUDI bhegI karI zakAya che, te ene bhalAIne mAMge cAlavAnI preraNA Ape|Apa ja maLI javAnI. sAruM ke kharAba, kAI paNa jAtanuM ka nAza nathI pAmatuM: dha zAstrane A siddhAMta ane bhautikazAstranA ala-sarakSaNusabadhI siddhAMta, e banne ekasarakhA che. banne siddhAMteAnA sAra eTalA ja che ke keAI nA paNa nAza nathI thato, kAI paNa dhazikSaNanA astitva vize game teTalI zaMkA kema na heAya, paNa eTaluM te sunizcita che ke kamane siddhAMta sauthI vadhAre sthAnAmAM svIkAravAmAM AvyA che. enAthI lAkhA mAnavIonAM kaSTo AchAM

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karmatatva 195 thayAM che. ane e ja siddhAMtane lIdhe mAnavIne vartamAna saMkaTa sahana karavAnI zakti pedA karavAnuM tathA bhaviSyanuM jIvana sudhAravAnuM uttejana maLatuM rahyuM che.' karmazAca e adhyAtmazAstrane aMza che . adhyAtmazAstrane uddeza AtmAne lagatA viSaya saMbaMdhI vicAra kare, e che. tethI ene AtmAnA pAramArthika svarUpanuM nirUpaNa karatAM pahelAM enuM vyAvahArika svarUpa paNa jaNAvavuM paDe che. savAla e thAya che ke AtmAnI A dazyamAna avasthAo ja ene svabhAva kema nathI ? eTalA mATe adhyAtmazAstrane mATe e jarUrI che ke e pahelAM AtmAnA dazyamAna svarUpanuM samarthana kevI rIte thAya che, e batAvIne pachI ja AgaLa vadhe. A ja kAma karmazAe karyuM che. e AtmAnI dazyamAna badhI avasthAone kamajanya kahIMne emanAthI AtmAnA judApaNAne sucita kare che. A daSTie karmazAstra e adhyAtmazAstrane ja eka aMza che. jyAre ema mAlUma paDe che ke uparanAM badhAM rUpa mAyika ke bhAvika che, te ApoApa jijJAsA thaI Ave che ke AtmAnuM sAcuM svarUpa zuM chekarmazAstranuM kahevuM che ke AtmA e ja paramAtmA che, jIva e ja Izvara che. AtmAnuM paramAtmAmAM maLI javuM, eno artha e che ke karmathI DhaMkAyela potAnA paramAtmabhAvane pragaTa karIne AtmAnuM paramAtmarUpa banI javuM. jIva paramAtmAne aMza che ene artha karmazAstranI daSTie e che ke jIvamAM jeTalI jJAnakaLA pragaTa thayelI che te saMpUrNa paraMtu avyakta (DhaMkAyela) cetanArUpI caMdrikAne eka aMza mAtra che. kamanuM AvaraNa dUra thaI jatAM cetanA pUrNa rUpe pragaTa thAya che. ene ja IzvarapaNuM ke IzvarapaNAnI prApti samajavI joIe. dhana, zarIra vagere bAhya vibhUtiomAM Atmabuddhi karavI, arthAt jamAM paNuM mAnI levuM, e bAhya dRSTi che. A abhedane zrama, e

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jainamanA prANa 196 tA bahirAtmabhAva che, ema sAbita karIne enA tyAga karavAne upadeza ApavAnuM kAma kamazAstra kare che. jemanA sarakAre kevaLa ahirAtmabhAvamaya thaI gayA hoya emane kazAstranA upadeza bhale pasaMda na paDe, paraMtu ethI enI yathArthatAmAM kazA ja phera nathI paDatA. kazAstra zarIra ane AtmAnA abhedanA bhramane dUra karIne enA bhedajJAnane ( vivekakhyAtine) pragaTa kare che. e samayathI ja aMtardraSTi UghaDe che. aMtardaSTi dvArA potAmAM rahela paramAtmabhAvanAM darzana thAya che. paramAtmabhAvane joIne ene pUrNa rUpe anubhavamAM utAravA, enu ja nAma jIvanuM ziva (khrahma) thayuM che. A brahmabhAvane pragaTa karAvavAnuM kAma, kaMIka judI ja Dhame, kazAstra svIkArI lIdhuM che; kAraNa ke e jIvane thayela jIva-jaDanA abheda-bhramamAMthI bhedajJAna tarapha dorI jaI te pachI svAbhAvika abhedhyAnanI ucca bhUmikA tarapha kheMcI jAya che. khasa, enu kAryakSetra ATaluM ja che. sAthe sAthe ceAgazAstranA mukhya pratipAdya azanuM vana paNa emAM maLI jAya che. tethI e spaSTa che ke kazAstra aneka zAstrIya vicArAnI khANa che. e ja enu mahattva che. ghaNA mANasone kamaprakRtionI gaNatarI, sakhyAnI bahulatA vagerene lIdhe enA pratye ruci nathI thatI, paraMtu emAM kazAstrane zA doSa? gaNita, padAvijJAna. vagere gUDha ane rasapUNu viSayAmAM sthUladI lokonI STi nathI khU'patI ane emane rasa nathI AvatA, emAM e viSayAnA zo doSa? doSa to che samajanArAonI buddhinA. kAI paNa viSayanA abhyAsIne emAM rasa tyAre ja Ave che, jyAre e enA taLiyA sudhI UtarI jAya. rma zabdano artha ane enA keTalAka paryAya jaina zAstramAM 'kama" zabdathI e atha samajavAmAM Ave che: pahelA che rAga-dveSAtmaka pariNAma, jene kaSAya ( bhAvaka) kahe che. ane bIjo che kANutinA pudgalavazeSa, je kaSAyane lIdhe

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karmAtA 197 AtmAne coTelA hoya che, ane dravya karma kahevAya che. jaina darzanamAM je artha mATe "kema" zabda prayoga karavAmAM Ave che e arthane mATe athavA ene bhaLatA arthane mATe jenetara darzanemAM A zabda maLe che: mAyA, avidyA, prakRti, apUrva, vAsanA, Azaya, dharmAdhama, adaSTa, saMskAra, daiva, bhAgya vagere. mAyA, 'avidyA", "prakRti A traNa zabda vedAMtamAM maLe che. ene artha lagabhaga jaina darzananA' "bhAvakama" jevo thAya che. apUrva' zabda mImAMsA darzanamAM maLe che. "vAsanA" zabda bauddha darzanamAM prasiddha che, paraMtu vega darzanamAM paNa ene prayoga karavAmAM Avyo che. "dharmAdhama ', "adaSTa ane saMskAra " A traNa zabdano prayoga anya darzanomAM paNa maLe che, paNa vizeSa karIne nyAya tathA vaizeSika darzanamAM deva', 'bhAgya', "puNya-pApa" vagere keTalAya zabdo evA che ke je badhAMya darzanemAM sAmAnya jevA che. jeTalAM darzane AtmavAdI che ane punarjanmane mAne che, emane punarjanmanI siddhine mATe -enA samarthanane mATe-kama mAnavuM ja paDe che. karmanuM svarUpa mithyAtva, kaSAya vagere kAraNothI prerAIne jIva je pravRtti kare che te "ka" kahevAya che. karmanuM A lakSaNa upara sUcavela bhAvakarma tathA vyakama bannene lAgu paDe che, kemake bhAvakama AtmA ke jIvana vaibhAvika pariNAma che, tethI jIva ja ene upAdAnarUpa kartA che ane vyakama, je kAmaNujAtinA sUkSma pudgalene vikAra che, ene kata paNa nimittarUpe jIva ja che. bhAvakarmamAM dravyakama nimitta che ane vyakamamAM bhAvakama nimitta che. A rIte A bannene ApasaApasamAM bIja ane aMkuranA je kAryakAraNa saMbaMdha che.

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198 jainadharmano prANa pApa-puNyanI kaseTI [ sAmAnya leke kahe che ke dAna, pUjana, sevA vagere kriyAo karavAthI zubha karmane (puNyano) baMdha thAya che, ane koIne duHkha devuM, icchA viruddha kAma karavuM vagerethI azubha karmano (pApane) baMdha thAya che. paNa A kaMI puNya-pApane nirNaya karavAnI mukhya kasoTI nathI. eka paropakArI dAktara jyAre koInuM oparezana kare che tyAre e dadane kaSTa te jarUra thAya che, hitaciMtaka mA-bApa aNasamaju chokarAne enI icchA viruddha bhaNAvavA prayatna kare che tyAre e bALakane duHkha jevuM jarUra lAge che; paNa eTalA mAtrathI na to e dAktara anucita kAma karanAra lekhAya che ke na e hitavI mA-bApa ja doSane pAtra gaNAya che. AthI UlaTuM, jyAre koI mANasa, bheLA lakane ThagavAnA irAdAthI ke bIjA keI halakA IrAdAthI dAna, pUjA vagere kriyAo kare che tyAre e puNyane badale pApane baMdha kare che. tethI puNyabaMdha ke pApabaMdhanI sAcI kaseTI kevaLa uparanI kriyA nathI, paNa enI sAcI kasoTI kartAne darAde ja che. puNya-pApanI A kasoTI saune sAmAnya rIte mAnya che, kAraNa ke A siddhAMta sarvamAnya cha -' yAdRzI bhAvanA yasya siddhirbhavatI taadRshii| sAcI nilepatA-karma kyAre na baMdhAya? | sAmAnya leke ema mAnI le che ke amuka kAma na karavAthI ApaNane puNya-pApano lepa nahIM lAge. tethI teo e kAmane te tajI de che, paNa meTebhAge emanI mAnasika kriyA nathI chUTatI. tethI jeo puNyapApathI alipta rahevAthI icchA dharAvavA chatAM paNa enAthI pitAnI jAtane mukta nathI karI zaktA. eTalA mATe e vicAravuM joIe ke sAcI nirlepatA kene kahevAya? mAnasika kSebha arthAta kaSAyane lepa (baMdha) kahe che. je kaSAya na hoya te upara jaNAvelI kaI kriyA AtmAne baMdhanamAM

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karmatatva 199 rAkhI zakatI nathI. AthI UlaTuM, jo kaSAyane vega aMdara vidyamAna hoya te upara uparathI hajAra prayatna karavA chatAM paNa koI vyakti pitAnI jAtane baMdhanathI bacAvI nathI zakatI. kaSAyamukta vItarAga badhI jagyAe, jaLamAM kamaLanI jema, nilepa rahe chepaNa kaSAyavAna AtmA vegane dekhAva karIne paNa pitAnI tala jeTalI paNa zuddhi nathI karI zakato. eTalA mATe ja ema kahevAmAM Ave che ke Asaktine tyAga karIne je kAma karavAmAM Ave che, te baMdhaka nathI thatuM. matalaba ke sAcI nirlepatA mAnasika kSebhanA tyAgamAM che. A ja upadeza karmazAstramAM maLe che, ane bIje paNa e ja vAta kahevAmAM AvI che ke mana eva manuSyANAM kAraNaM bandhamokSayoH / pAMca vighassiI mokSe nirvivacce samRtama yupaniSada kamanuM anAdipaNuM vicArazIla mANasanA manamAM prazna UThe che ke karma sAdi che ke anAdi ? AnA javAbamAM jaina darzane kahyuM che ke karma vyaktinI (eka eka kamanI apekSAe sAdi che ane pravAhanI apekSAe anAdi che. paNa karmane pravAha kyAre zarU thayo, e kaI kahI zakatuM nathI. bhaviSyanI sAme bhUtakALanuM UMDANa anaMta che. ane anaMtanuM varNana anAdi ke anaMta zabda sivAya bIjI kaI rIte thaI zakatuM nathI. eTalA mATe karmanA pravAhane anAdi kahevA sivAya bIjo koI Aro nathI. karmapravAhanA anAdipaNane ane mukta jIvonA saMsAramAM pAchA nahIM pharavApaNune badhAM pratiSThita darzane mAne che. kamabaMdhanuM kAraNa jaina darzanamAM mithyAta, avirati, kaSAya ane ega e cArane karmabaMdhanAM kAraNe kahela che. Ane saMkSepa pAchaLanAM be (kaSAya ane

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200 jainadharmano prANu ga) kAraNomAM karele maLe che. vadhAre TUMkANamAM kahevuM hoya te ema kahI zakIe ke kaSAya ja karmabaMdhanuM kAraNa che. Ama te kalAnA vikAranA aneka prakAra che, paNa AdhyAtmika vidvAnee e badhAnuM TUMkamAM vargIkaraNa karIne enA rAga ane dveSa evA be ja prakAra karyo che. ajJAna, mithyAjJAna vagere je karmanA kAraNe kahevAya che e paNa rAga-dveSanA saMbaMdhane lIdhe ja. rAganI ke dveSanI mAtrA vadhI ke jJAna viparIta rUpe badalavA lAgyuM ja samajo. tethI zabdane bheda hovA chatAM karmabaMdhanA kAraNe aMge bIjAM ostika darzane sAthe jaina darzanane kaI matabheda nathI. naiyAyika tathA vaizeSika darzanamAM mithyAjJAnane, gadarzanamAM prakRtipuruSanA abhedajJAnane ane vedAMta vageremAM avidyAne tathA jaina darzanamAM mithyAtvane karmanuM kAraNa karyuM che. paNa e vAta khyAlamAM rAkhavI ke game tene karmanuM kAraNa kema na mAnavAmAM Ave, paNa jo emAM kamanI badhatA (kamalepa pedA karavAnI zakita) haze te te sagaSanA saMdhane lIdhe ja. rogane ghaTADe ke abhAva thatAM ja ajJAnapaNuM (mithyAtve ochuM jevA lAge che ke nAza pAme che. mahAbhAratanA zAMtiparvamAMnA " nA vate tu:" e kathanamAM paNuM karma zabdano artha rAga-dveSa ja che. kamathI mukta thavAnA upAye jaina zAstromAM parama puruSArtha-mekSa meLavavAnAM traNa sAdhana batAvyAM che: (1) samyagdarzana, (2) samyajJAna ane (3) samyaphacAritra. kyAMka kyAMka jJAna ane kriyA, e bene ja mekSanAM sAdhana kahyAM che. AvAM sthaLemAM darzanane jJAnasvarUpa-jJAnavizeSa--mAnIne ene juduM nathI gaNatAM. paNa savAla e thAya che ke vedika darzanamAM karma, jJAna, ga, ane bhakti, e cArene mokSanuM sAdhana mAnela che, te pachI jaina darzanamAM traNa ke be ja sAdhana kema kahyAM? Ane khulAse e che ke jena darzanamAM je samyakAritrane samyaphakriyA kahela che, emAM karma

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karmatatva 201 ane pega bane mArgone samAveza thaI jAya che, kAraNa ke samyaphacAritramAM manonigraha, Idriyajaya, cittazuddhi, samabhAva ane e mATe levAmAM AvatA upAyone samAveza thaI jAya che. manonigraha, Idriyajaya vagere sAtvika yajJa ja karmamArga che ane cittazuddhi tema ja ene mATe karavAmAM AvatI pravRtti e ja gamArga che. A rIte karma bhAga ane yogamArganuM mizraNa, e ja sammacAritra che. samyagdarzana e ja bhaktimArga che, kAraNa ke bhakitamAM zraddhAno aMza mukhya heya che, ane samyagdarzana paNa zraddhArUpa ja che. samyajJAna ja jJAnamArga che. A rIte jaina darzanamAM kahelAM mekSanAM traNa sAdhane, anya darzanenAM badhAM sAdhanane samuccaya che. AtmAnuM svataMtra astitva ane punarjanma kama aMge upara je kaMI kahevAmAM AvyuM che, enI saMgati tyAre ja thaI zake che ke jyAre AtmAne jaDathI juduM tatva mAnavAmAM A AtmAnuM svataMtra astitva je pramANethI jANI zakAya che emAM eka punarjanma paNa che, eTaluM ja nahIM balka vartamAna zarIra pachI AtmAnuM astitva mAnavAmAM na Ave te keTalAya praznono nikAla nathI thaI zakato. ghaNA mANase evA jovAmAM Ave che ke teo A janmamAM prAmANika jIvana vitAve che, paraMtu rahe che daridra. ane evA paNa bhANaso jovAmAM Ave che ke jeo nyAya, nIti ane dharmanuM nAma sAMbhaLIne ciDAI jAya che, paraMtu hoya che badhI rIte sukhI. evA aneka mANase maLI zake che ke jeo pita doSa kare che ane e de -aparAdhanuM phaLa bhegave che bIjA. khUna eka kare che ane baMdIvAna anIne phAMsIne mAMcaDe caDe che bIje. cerI eka kare che ane pakaDyo jAya che bIje. A uparathI e vicAra karavo joIe ke jemane pitAnA sArA ke kharAba kRtyane badale A janmamAM nathI maLatuM

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202 jainadharmane prANa emanuM kRtya zuM ema ja niSphaLa javAnuM? AvI badhI vAtane dhyAnamAM letAM ema mAnyA vagara sateja nathI thato ke cetana eka svataMtra tatva che, ane e jANatA-ajANatAM je kaMI sAruM-khoTuM karma kare che, enuM phaLa ene bhegavavuM ja paDe che, ane eTalA mATe ene punarjanmanA cakrAvAmAM pharavuM paDe che. buddha bhagavAne paNa punarjanma mAnela che. pAkA nirIzvaravAdI jarmana paMDita nize karmacake pravartAvela punarjanmane mAne che. punarjanmane A svIkAra AtmAnA svataMtra astitvane mAnavAne prabaLa purAvo che. kamatatva aMge jaina darzananI vizeSatA jaina darzanamAM dareka karmanI badhyamAna, sata ane udayamAna e traNa avasthAe mAnI che. ene anukrame baMdha, sattA ane udaya kahe che. jenetara darzanomAM paNa karmanI A avasthAonuM varNana che. emAM badhyamAna" karmane "kriyamANa", "sata' kamane "saMcita" ane udayamAnane "prArabdha' kahe che. paNa jaina zAstromAM jJAnAvaraNIya vagere karmanA 8 mULabhede tatha 148 prabhedanuM vargIkaraNa karyuM che. ane e dvArA saMsArI AtmAnI anubhavasiddha bhinnabhinna avasthAone jevo khulAso karavAmAM Avyo che tevo koI paNa jainetara darzanamAM nathI. pAtaMjala darzanamAM karmanA "jAti', "Ayu" ane bhega" evA traNa prakAranA vipAka darzAvyA che, paraMtu jaina darzanamAM karavAmAM Avela karma saMbaMdhI vicAraNAnI AgaLa e varNana nAmanuM ja lAge che. | AtmAnI sAthe kamane baMdha kevo thAya che? enAM kAraNe zAM zAM che? kayA kAraNe karmamAM kevI zakti pedA thaI jAya che? vadhumAM vadhu ane ochAmAM ochA keTalA vakhata sudhI kama AtmAne vaLagI rahe che? AtmAne lAgeluM evuM paNa kama keTalA vakhata sudhI vipAka -phaLa ApavAmAM asamartha che? vipAkanA nizcita samayamAM paNa pheraphAra

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kamatattva 203 thaI zake ke nahIM ? eka karma bIjA kAmamAM kyAre pheravAI jAya che? emanI baMdha samayanI tIvra ke maMda zaktimAM kevI rIte pheraphAra thaI zake? pAchaLathI vipAka-phaLa ApanAruM karma pahelAM ja kyAre ane kevI rIte bhogavI laI zakAya che? karma game teTaluM baLavAna kema na. hAya, paNa AtmAnI zuddha pariNAmethI e vipAkane kevI rIte rokI zakAya che? kyAreka kyAreka AtmA seMkaDo prayatna kare te paNa kama pitAne vipAka cakhADyA vagara kema nathI chUTatuM ? AtmA kevI rIte kane kartA ane bhaktA che? Ama hovA chatAM paNa vastutaH AtmAmAM karmanuM kartava ane bhaknatva kevI kevI rIte nathI? aMkalezarUpa pariNAma pitAnI AkarSaNazaktithI AtmA upara eka prakAranI sUkSma rajanuM AcchAdana kevI rIte nAkhI de che? AtmA vIrya-zaktine pragaTAvIne A sUkSma rajanA AcchAdanane kevI rIte phagAvI de che? svabhAve zuddha AtmA paNa karmanA prabhAve kevI rIte malina je. dekhAya che ? ane bAhya hajAro AvaraNa hovA chatAM paNa AtmA pitAnA zuddha svarUpathI calita kevI rIte nathI thatuM? e pitAnI utkrAMtine samaye pahelAM bAMdhelAM ugra karmone kevI rIte dUra karI de che? e pitAmAM rahelA paramAtmabhAvanAM darzana karavA mATe jyAre usuka thAya che te vakhate enI ane emAM aMtarAyarUpa thatAM karmonI vacce kevuM kaMda jAme che? chevaTe vIryavAna AtmA kevI jAtanAM pari. NAmothI baLavAna karmone kamajora karIne pitAnA pragati-bhAgane niSkaTeka banAve che ? AtmamaMdiramAM birAjatA paramAtmadevane sAkSAtkAra karAvavAmAM sahAyaka thatA pariNAma, jene "apUrvakaraNa" tathA anivRttikaraNa' kahe che, emanuM svarUpa zuM che jIva pitAnA zuddha pariNAmenI paraMparArUpI vIjaLIka yaMtrathI kamarUpI pahADonA kevI rIte TukaDeTukaDA karI nAkhe che? vaLI kayAreka kyAreka thoDA vakhata mATe dabAI gayelAM karma ja pharI pAchAM Uthale khAIne pragatizIla AtmAne kevI rIte nIce paTakI de che? baMdha ane udayanI dRSTie kayAM kayAM

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204. jainadharmane prANa karma ekabIjAnAM virodhI che? kayA karmane baMdha kaI avasthAmAM avayaMbhAvI ane kaI avasthAmAM aniyata che? kayA kamane vipAka kaI sthiti sudhI niyata ane kaI sthitimAM aniyata che? AtmA sAthe joDAyela atIndriya karmarAja kevA prakAranI AkarSaNazaktithI pudgalene AkarSyA kare che, ane e dvArA kevI rIte zarIra, mana, sUkSma zarIra vagerenI racanA kya kare che?--vagere vagere karma sAthe saMbaMdha dharAvatA saMkhyAbaMdha praznone yuktiyukta, vistRta ane vizada khulAso jaina karmasahiSya sivAya bIjA koI paNa darzananA sAhityathI nathI thaI zakate. karmatattva saMbaMdhI jaina darzananI A ja vizeSatA che. [ auciM0 naM. 2, pR. 20-216, 223-29, 235-238 ]