Book Title: Jainism Illustrated Author(s): Vinod Kapashi Publisher: Sudha Kapashi Catalog link: https://jainqq.org/explore/006729/1 JAIN EDUCATION INTERNATIONAL FOR PRIVATE AND PERSONAL USE ONLYPage #1 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ JAINISM -- ILLUSTRATED citramaya - jana dharma GAAAAA nI KCCO 70 9 VINOD KAPASHI ga - vinAde kapAsI duetiosifilter va,wwww E very.org \ Page #2 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ JAINISM VINOD KAPASHI PUBLISHED BY: SUDHA KAPASHI 11 Lindsay Drive Kenton Middx HA3 OTA PUBLISHED: JULY 1988 AGN PRINTED BY: MADHAV ALLWIN LTD. MADHAV HOUSE. 68 MANSFIELD ROAD. LONDON NW3 2HU TEL: 01-267 7720 PRICE PS1.75 ph. STRE ILLUSTRATED ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. My thanks to my wife Sudha, daughters Raxita, Purnima and Neha: to Mr. Kirtibhai Zaveri Pujya Chanchal Masi, Dr. Kumarpal Desai, Mr. Gary Dawson, Hasmukhbhai Gardi and Jivanjibhai Patel Page #3 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 4 . .. AmumANA MAHESH SHARAN - - MirrlILIA CARTUNT SH iiiiiiilm navakasmatra TIMIIIIIIIII111111111 PERTAWWARA AAR TITTTTTT Tr tamoarihatA - R pa BE.. NE ::. . NAAMSUNu.nue / / .. INIJHIT KI. IIIIIIIIIIINITILITTLI N ye -IN ENNNN PARAN \UKTA Nirom Vom VYVVVVVV 11.444444.4.444.44.4 MADHURIMINAR.COM HTTHILI C riti IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII Page #4 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ SHRI NAOKAR MANTAR NAMO ARI HAN TA NAM NAMO SIDDHA NAM NAMO AYARI YA NAM NAMO UVAJJHA YA NAM NAMO LOYE SAVVA SAHU NAM ESO PANCH NAMOKKARO SAVVA PAVAPPANASANO MANGALANANCHA SAVVESIM PADHAMAM HAVAI MANGALAM Salutations to the victors Salutations to the liberated soul Salutations to the head spiritual teachers Salutations to the teachers Salutations to all the monks of the world These five-fold salutations destroy all sins and among all forms of bliss this is the first bliss USH ECE 220 utzi Uu-d45512) Jdanamo AyariyANa) USP 614TH 7 Obor barihaMtaNuM CEETER ICHIC Chini 2 Page #5 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ *$007 F A The first Tirthankar (prophet, path-maker ) is Rushabhdev. He taught all the necessary knowledge regarding farming, house-building, cooking and basic education in arts, science and commerce. His symbo1 is the bull. Some coins of pre-Aryan civilisation show the bull on one side and an ascetic on the other. According to some historians Jain philosophy existed in India before the arrival of Aryan people. Two distinct 1ines of thought prevailed during that time. One was the Vedic culture and the other was the Shraman culture. The first one gave Hinduism to the world and the other culture gave Jainism and Buddhism. RSabhadeva saMdha agni peTAvo PHUKET slipa jJAta The 22nd Tirthankar Neminath, a cousin of Lord Krishna, was a kind hearted prince. The 23rd Tirthankar, Lord Parsvanath, was born more than 2750 years ago. He preached the religion of four principles (non-violence, truth, non-stealing and non-acquisition). citrakAma 1+1 - 2 kuMbhArakAma rmANanakAma rAja tIrthakara eTale tIrthanI sthApanA karanAra. tIrtha eTale sAdhu, sAdhvI, zrAvaka zrAvikAnA catuvidha saMgha.tIrthakaradharmapadeza kare che. dharma cakra pravartana kare che. A samayamAM 24 tIrthaMkara thayAM che. prathama tIrthakara RSabhadeva hatAM. te AdinAtha tarIke paNa oLakhAya che. temaNe mAnavIone sarva vidyA zIkhavI ane prAthamika jJAna tathA keLavaNI paNa ApyAM. khetI karatAM, agnino upayoga karatAM temaNe zIkhavyuM . temanu nizAna baLada che. (RSabha eTale baLada). siMdhu khINanI saMskRtinA avazeSA, khAsa karIne prAcIna sikkA paranAM baLadanAM tathA keTalAka kAusagga dhyAnamAM sthita yogInA cinho parathI have eka mAnyatA e paNa baMdhAI che ke jaina-dharma AryAnA Agamana pahelAMthI ja bhAratamAM pracalita hatA. ******* vaNakara kAma prA ne vividhakaLAo zIkhave, saMskRtie jgatane jaina dharma tathA aiAddha dharma ApyAM. bAvIsamAM tIrthakara, neminAtha; kRSNa bhagavAnanAM pitarAI bhAI hatAM. trevIsamAM tIrthaMkara pArzvanAtha to aitihAsika prattimA che. te 2750 karatAM ye vadhAre varSo pahelAM janamyAM hatAM. temaNe cAturyAma dharmanA upadeza Apyo hato. A cAra siddhAMto A pramANe che. ahiMsA, satya, acArya ane aparigraha. caNatarakAma pArzvanAthanA samayamAM be vicAradhAra pracalita hatI. eka vaidika saMskRti ane bIjI zramaNa saMskRti. vedika saMskRtinI bheTa eTale hiMdu dharma ane zramaNa prathama tIrthaMkara zrI AdinAthanu lAMchana 3 Page #6 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ PAKISTAN Jaisalmer AFGHANISTAN Pokaran ARABIAN SEA LAKSH DIA) KSHAD Rann of Kutch GUJARAT Modhera Bikaner Jodhpur JAMMU & KASHMIR Dachigam Kargil SrinagarAmarnath Sonamarg Gulmarg Pahalgam Leh Vaishno Devi LAKSHAR Jammy Pilani DELHI Sultanpur Sariska Mathura RAJASTHAN Bharatpur Agra Sakasia Fatehpur Sikri Dwarka Vadodaral Porbandar Junagadh Bhavnagar Gir Palitana Surat Somnath DIU DAMAN (G.D. & D.) (G.D. & D.) 15 ~~". Dharamsala Chamba Pathankot Manali Kangra Kulu 1 HIMACHAL Amritsar PRADESH CHANDIGARH PUNJAB Simla Mount Abu Chittorgarh Udaipur Gandhinagar Nal Sarovar Jamnagar Ahmedabad) ORajkot bb. Amber Pushkarg Jaipur 1 fy Ambala Mussoorie "Kurukshetra Rishikesh Nasik Matheran Almora Hardwar Ranikhet Nainital HARYANA Corbett Ajmer Ranthambhor Gwalior Bundi SE 2 Ujjain Jalgaone Aurangabad Paithan DADRA AND NAGAR HAVIL.Boriv Bombay (Elephanta)Karla MAHARASHTRA Lonavala Pune Mahabaleshwar Keoladeo Shivpuri 1-14 Kota r 2 Indore Piparia Mandu Ellora Ajanta Panaji (G.D. & D. KARNATAKAS Mangalore Belur " Khajuraho Sagar Bhopal Sanchi Jabalpur MADIIYA PRADESH Pachmarhi .A Kanha Kottayam Quilon Nagpur. Kedarnath Badrinath Kolhapur Bijapur Belgaum AiholeSrisailam Guntur Badami Pattadal ANDHRA Hampie PRADESH * l@ Periyar Trivovalam y Dudhwa A Warangal Hyderabad Bhadrachalam Golconda Amaravati Nagarjunasagar YANAM Vijayawada Jog Falls Lepakshi Halebid Sravanabelagola Bangalore Madras Kanchipuram Ranganathittoo Srirangapatna Mahabalipuram Mysore Vedanthangal Bandipur TAMIL PONDICHERRY 7 (Py) Mudumal Ootacamund MAHE(Py) Coonoor NADU Chidambarain Kozhikode Tiruchirapalli da Trichur Coimbatore KARAIKAL Thanjavur (Py) Kodaikanal Point Calimere Ernakulam Cochin Madurai O Rameswaram Tirunelveli Tadoba Kanya Kumari Lumbini Sravasti Lucknow Ayodhva Kasia Gorakhpur Kanpur UTTAR PRADESH Allahabad. Sarnath Varanasi CHINA Tirupati Bandhavgarh BIRTH PLACE OF LORD MAHAVIR SRI LANKA NEPAL india Waltair. Gangtok BHUTAN Kalimpong Shillong Darjeeling Siligurie/Manas Gauhati ASSAM. ~~ MIN Vaishali Madhubani, Patna BIHAR Jaldaparak Nalanda Malda Gaya Rajgir Bodhgaya anlamau Kathmandu *Hazaribagh 142 Ushkothi Simlipal Ranchi WEST ORISSA Cuttack BENGAL Kharagpur Calcutta Bhubaneswar Vishakhapatnam INDUS SIKKIM Murshidabad Shantiniketan ChKonarak Lak Puri Gopalpur on Sea * ARABIAN SEA Bharukachchha 4 "1 BOMBAY Paradip Digha BANGLADESH Agartala KAMBOJA GANDHARA Taxila JHELUM too ar R. SUTLE BAY OF BENGAL R. RAVI RA R. SARASVATI MEGHALAYA THE SIXTEEN MAJOR STATES OF NORTHERN INDIA c. 600 B.C. DELHI R. CHENAB MATSYA KURU TRIPURA AVANTI Ujjayini R. CHAMBAL ASMAKA CHINA Itanagar Jorhat 27 Kaziranga R. GODAVARI ABUNACHAL NA NARMADA PRADESH KILOMETRES Dibrugarh MILES! Imphal MANIPUR Aizawal GANGA Kohima VATSA KASHI Kaushambi Kashi BURMA 200 100 Bo 200 Shrava Ayodhya VRIJJI Valshall R. MAHANADI 400 Rajagriha MAGADHA Champa ANG NGA CALCUTTA BAY OF BENGAL Page #7 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ LORD MAHAVIR (599BC - 527 BC) He is the ford founder and today's Jainism is based on his preachings. He founded the religious order of monks, nuns, lay-men and lay-women. Lord Mahavir was born in a princely family but he left his palace at the age of 30 in search of eternal truth and eternal happiness. He attained kevalGyan (ultimate knowledge and wisdom) when he was 42 and Nirvana (died) when he was 72. He was older than Buddha though both were born in North India and preaching their own philosophies at the same time. Mahavir and Buddha both preached the principles of Ahimsa. Mahavir took the path of strict penance whereas Buddha took the "middle path". mahAvIra svAmI te 24 mA tIrthakara. AjanA jaina dharmanuM mULa svarUpa temaNe ghaDayuM. temane janma I.sa. pUrve 599 mAM bihAra rAjyamAM vaizAlI nagaranAM para (zratriyakuMDa) mAM thayo hato. temanA pitA rAjA siddhArtha; mAtAnuM nAma trizalA. 30 varSanI vaye gRhatyAga karyo. tapa-sAdhanA karI. ahiM sA ane saMyamanA mArge cAlIne, aneka pariSaha sahana karIne temaNe vizvane navA ja prakAza Ape. ahiM sA-mUlaka krAMti ane ahiM sA yukata samAja racanAno pAyo nAkhyo. 42 varSanI vaye temane kevaLajJAna thayuM. 72 varSanI vaye teo nirvANa pAmyAM, teo buddha bhagavAnathI moTI uMmaranAM hatAM paraMtu temanA samakAlIna hatAM. mahAvIra ane buddha baMnee ahiM sA-dharmane upadeza Apyo. mahAvIra svAmIe kaThina tapazcaryAnI AvazyakatA para bhAra mUkyo jyAre bhagavAna buddha A mArga cheDIne "madhyama-mArga apanAvyuM. mahAvIra svAmIe bihAra-uttarapradeza ane baMgALAnA vistAramAM dharma pracAra karyo. temanuM nirvANa pAvApuramAM thayuM hatuM. nirvANa samaya I.sa. pUrve 527. dipAvalIne dina. For Private 5 personal Use Only Page #8 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ bhagavAna sahAvIre sarpa caMDaNIko FEW INCIDENTS: (aa ApI 'Infinni]t\' mahAvIra svAmInA jIvanamAM banelI ghaTanAomAM caMDakaMzika sarpanI dhaTanA jANItI che. potAnA sAdhanA mArgamAM vicaratA mahAvIrane eka ati bhayaMkara draSTi-viSa sarpano bheTo thayo. A sarpa hato caMDavaizika. teNe mahAvIrane upara upara paganA aMguThA para daMza dIdhAM. paraMtu teo avicalita ane zAMta rahyA. temanA aMguThamAMthI temanA avyAbAdha prema ane karuNAnA pratIka rUpa dudhanI dhAra ja nIkaLI. temaNe sarpane zAMtabhAve "bujhaha bujhaha" eTaluM ja kahyuM. A be zabdone artha zAMta thA - samaja ema thAya che. kepa para karuNA-dayAne tathA premane vijya thayo. A be zabdo - bujhaha bujhaha - keTaluM kahI jAya che! vasa kadaith, mA = !. . ~: = ' caMdanabALA eka rAjakumArI hatI. paNa devayoge tenA pitA (caMpAnagInA sajA dadhivAhana) yuddhamAM haNAyA pachI durdazAne pAmI hatI. eka zeThane tyAM ghasI tarIke jIvana gujAratI hatI. karuNAmUrti bhagavAna mahAvIre pAMca mAsane paccIsa divasanA upavAsa pachI A nirAdhAra bALA pAsethI ja bhikSA ane te paNa sukA aDadanA dANA grahaNa karyA. bhagavAne kyAMyathI paNa anna na svIkAryuM ane A bALA maLe ne amaka paristhiti sarjAya te ja bhikSA levI te temano Dha nirdhAra (abhigraha) hatA. caMdanabALA bhikSA ApIne dhanya banI. prabhue lAMbA samaye pAraNAM karyA ne A bhejana Are.... = 3 == Once when Mahavir was meditating, a poisonous snake called Chandakaushik came and bit him. Mahavir did not even open his eyes to see what was happening. The snake, furious and angry wanted to break the meditation and tried again and again with the most poisonous venom. Mahavir, unperturbed, gently opened his blissful eyes and told the snake in a tender and compassionate voice to calm down. Mahavir broke his fast after 5 months and 25 days. He had vowed that he would accept food only in certain conditions. This was fulfilled. Chandanbala was a girl who offered food to Lord Mahavir. Chandanbala was really a Princess, who had lost everything. Her real identity was revealed after this incident. Page #9 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ AHIMSA: If Jainism has been described as an ethical system par excellence, Ahimsa is the keynote of this system. Ahimsa pervades the entire length and breadth of the Jain code of conduct. Jain-Ahimsa is not merely non-killing, it is reverence for life. It includes all the guidelines about environment and our atmosphere. Jainism recognizes the sanctity of all life. As a community, Jain people run panjra-poles, which look after sick and invalid cattle. They feed hungry animals and birds as part of their feelings of Jiv-Daya (kindness towards all living beings). V VET 1 / A che ((TV\\ A[Vis o G (c) 20 che. > > > jaina dharma eTale ahiMsA-dharma. ahiMsA eTale mAtra prANI-vadha na karavo teTaluM ja nahIM, vizvanA sUkSmamAM sUkSma jIvanI hatyA na thAya tenI kALajI rAkhavI. mana-vacana-kAyAthI hiMsA na AcaravI. keIne AvI hiMsA AcaravA bhalAmaNa na karavI ane koI paNa vyakita AvuM kare te tene anamedana (Approval) - na ApavuM. A prakAranI ahiM sA te ja sAcI ahiM sA. prANI mAtra pratye dayA-prema-karuNAnI bhAvanA rAkhI zakAya te ahiMsAnuM pAlana zakya bane. jaina zAkAhAra te hoya ja paraMtu khAvA-pIvAnI bAbatamAM anya niyama paNa pALe che jethI ahiMsAnA siddhAMtanA pAlanamAM saraLatA rahe. katalakhAne jatAM pazuone bacAvavAnuM tathA temanI sAra-saMbhALa levAnuM karyo paNa jaine kare che. bhAratamAM pazu-rakSaNanI kArya karatI AvI seMkaDe pAMjarApoLa che. ahiM sA pAlana arthe ghaNA jaine rAtrI bhejana nathI karatAM kaMdamULa nathI khAtAM (kaMdamULa ukhADavAthI jamInanI aMdara rahelAM nAnA jIva marI javAnI saMbhAvanA rahe che). avAranavAra thava samayanAM niyama svIkAre che. Page #10 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ THE FIRST SCRIPTURE "ACHARAGA SUTRA" is the very first Scripture of Jains. This is also a very important Sacred book. It is said that preaching in this book is the direct preaching of Lord - Mahavir. This Sutra or book is believed to be nearly 2,500 years old. I have translated few verses in English and are given below. These clearly show the depth of Jain - philosophy and the Jain approch towards Ahimsa. Every Jain should read and study this ancient book. English and Gujarati translation are available now. Im - - - - . Those who long for true and eternal happiness do not want to lead an uncontrolled life. Knowing the Cycle of birth and death they walk the path of right conduct with firmness (2, 3, 90) For death there is no unsuitable time, it will strike at any time (2, 3, 91) Those who are ignorant and are attached to wordly pleasures suffer again and again and for them real guidance is necessary (2, 3, 101) One who knows other people's misery does not pursue worldly pleasures and keeps away from bondage of sinful acts. zrI AcAroga sUtra he jIva! tuM svayaM ja tAre 'mitra (sahAyaka) che. bahAranA mitranI IcchA zA mATe kare che? je karmone dUra karanAra che te mokSane prApta karanAra che, je mokSane prApta karanAra che te karmone dUra karanAra che. evuM samajIne vicaravuM joIe. je sAcA ane zAzvata rakhanA abhilASI che te asaMyamI jIvananI IcchA karatA nathI. janma maraNanA svarUpane sArI rIte jANI cAritramAM daDha thaI vicare che. mRtyunA mATe koI akALa nathI. sarva prANIone pitAnuM Ayu priya che, sarva sukhanA Icchuka che, duHkha ane maraNa sarvane pratikULa lAge che, ane pratyeka prANI jIvananI abhilASA rAkhe che. jIvavuM badhAne priya lAge che. -- he puruSa ! tuM pitAnA AtmAne nigraha kara. ema karavAthI tuM duHkhothI mukta thaI jaIza. he puruSa ! tuM satyanuM ja sevana kara. kAraNa ke satyanI AjJAmAM pravRtiMta buddhimAna sAdhaka saMsArane tarI jAya che ane zrata-cAritra rUpa dharmanuM yathArtha rUpathI pAlana karI kalyANa prApta Page #11 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ KALPA-SUTRA * kalpasUtra : rizrI * * pragiuha s * 5 . nline : The most sacred book of the Jains, it was written by Bhadrabahu, who died in 357 BC. This book is read during the holy days of Paryushan. The book contains the life of Lord Mahavir in detail and other biographies in short. It also gives code of conduct for monks. During the olden days rich merchants used to employ caligraphers to write copies of this sacred book. Golden border, beautiful drawings and fine handwriting were the features of such manuscripts which also included multi-coloured miniature paintings. Thousands of manuscripts of Kalpa-Sutra are still in existence. Some are now found in the museums and libraries of Britain, France, Germany and USA. sauthI vadhu pUjanIya - pavitra gaNAto graMtha. paryuSaNanA divase daramyAna A graMthanuM vAMcana thAya che. tenA kartA che bhadrabAhu svAmI. kalpasatramAM tIrthakara yastri, thAvalI eTale mahAvIra svAmI pachInA AcAryonI yAdI che. ane sAdhuonA AcAra viSe paNa thoDuM che. mahAvIra svAmInuM caritra vistRta rIte AlekhavAmAM AvyuM che tethI A graMtha paranA bhakitabhAva kadAca savizeSa che. kalpasatramAM ApelI AcAryonI yAdI tathA sAdhvAcAra bhadrabAhu pachInA koI AcAryo lakhyAM haze tema manAya che. jene mATe lpasUtranuM eTaluM badhuM mahattva che ke A graMthanI hajAro hastaprata vidyamAna che. khAsa citrakAra lahIAe rAkhIne dhanika varga kalpasUtranI hastaprata banAvarAvatAM hatAM. ga-be-strI citro yukata A hastagata ApaNA prAcIna vArase che. jaina citrakaLA zIkhavA-samajavA mATe A hastapratone abhyAsa Avazyaka che. tADapatrI para ane kAgaLa para AvI hastapratalakhAtI, suMdara citrA, sonerI borDara, maroDadAra akSara vALI aneka hastaprate bhAratanI bahAra jarmanI, phAMsa, amerikA ane briTanamAM paNa vidyamAna che. For Private Personal Use Only Page #12 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ DERAVASI SHWETAMBAR professions SUB-SECTS according to different towns( e.g. OSHALS from 0shta town) areas JAINS 1 STHANAKVASI SHWETAMBAR White robed DIGAMBAR Sky clad monks STHANAKVASI do not believe in idol worship Note. There is no sub sect as Jain monks and nuns lead very strict lives. NAVNAT, this is merely a name of the group They do not possess any money. They do not wear shoes. They do not use motor cars or trains for travelling purposes. zvetAmbara sAdhu They observe principles of Jainism very strictly. They do not eat or drink after sunset. DIGAMBAR sthAnakavAsI sAdhu 10 cAritra kaina saMgha caturvidha saMgha ' ( cAra prakArano samudAya ) thI oLakhAya che. A cAra prakAramAM (1) sAdhu (ra) sAdhvI (3) zrAvaka ane (4) zrAvikAno samAveza thAya che. sAdhu--zrAvakanAM puSo samAviSTa che. ane sAdhvI-zrAvikAmAM A varga samAviSTa che. sAdhu-sAkhI tyAgI vargamAM ane zrAvaka zrAvikA saMsArI vargamAM gaNAya che. ~jaina sAdhu ghara-saMsAra tajI, hiMsA, asatyAdi pApo choDI, kaMcana kAminInA yAgI banI, pAda vihArI khatI, sva para AtmasAdhanAmAM tatpara hoya che. digambara sAdhu Page #13 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ THEORY OF KARMA This is a scientific theory about the soul and our behaviour. The soul is an independant entity which attracts pudgala-parmanu related with our thoughts speech or action. These parmanus join or are attracted to the soul where they become Karma. The soul is affected (polluted) according to the quantity and quality of the Karma and our well being is governed by the resultant force. This is known as Karma theory. Jainism has explained with the help of mathematics how these Karma particles affect us. We enter in to the cycle of birth and death because of our Karma which also decides higher or lower form of existence. Total destruction of all the Karma is possible. When the soul is clear of all the Karma it becomes 'liberated soul', in other words it attains moksha or nirvana. The path leading to moksha is through right knowledge, right vision (faith) and right conduct. are Non-violence, self control and penance necessary to shed Karma particles (this is right conduct). 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 GHATI 78 vaidanIyakarma GYANAVARNIYA DARSHANAVARNIYA KARMAS MOHANIYA ANTARAYA 5 6 AYU 7 NAMA 8 GOTRA Gyanavarniya Karma obscures knowledge 4 Antaraya prevents good action 5 Vedaniya produces feelings and emotions AGHATI Darshanavarniya Karma obscures vision and cognition Mohniya obstructs conduct and faith 6 Ayu determines the age of the individual Nama Karma gives factors of individuality Gotra Kapma destines family surroundinges VEDANIYA AyaSTakame nAmakarma 11 zanAvaraNa aMtarAyakarma Page #14 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ Les Hello * karmanA siddhAMta e paNa vaijJAnika che. jIva eTale ke AtmA svataMtra dravya che. AtmAmAM anaMtajJAna, anaMta darzana, anaMta cAritra, anaMta sukha vagere guNA hoya che. ApaNe vicArIe, bAlIe ke je je pravRtti karIe tenA kaLarUpa te te prakAranAM pudgala paramANunuM AtmA sAthe milana thAya che. AtmA ane AvI kAryaNa-vargaNAnA saMbaMdha tenu nAma karma-baMdhana. kA zubha paNa hoI zake che ane azubha paNa. karma rajathI AtmA kharaDAya che tethI tenA pariNAma tene (ApaNane) bhAgavavA paDe che. karma baMdhanane laIne ja ApaNe jIvana-maraNanA pherAmAM karyA karIe chIe. sukha-du:kha bhAgavIe chIe. karma rajaaneka prakAranI hoya che, je prakAra ane jeTalA samuha (jaththA) te pramANe AtmAne asara pahoMce che. A karmavijJAna gahana che. jUdA jUdA se ko zabdonA artha jANavA paDe. karmanA rajakaNAnI gati jaina dharma gaNitanI madadathI (zreNI, lAgerIdhama) samajAve che. AtmA ane karmanA saMbaMdha. AtmAnuM kharaDAvuM ane pachI karmakuLa A vastuonu saMcAlaka koI daivI-baLa nathI. badhuM ja bhAtika-vijJAna, gaNita ane anya vijJAna dvArA thAya che. eTale ke ApaNe AvatA bhavamAM kyAM janmIzu te karmanuM kaLa jarUra che paraMtu e nakkI karanAra koI ''Izvara" nathI. karmanuM 'meTara' vargaNA enI guNavattA (Quality) samuha Quantity samuhanA vaLI pAche AgavA guNa ane chelle gaNitanA niyama pramANe A rajakaNAnI gati - A saghaLA para ja ApaNane karmanA sArA-mAThA kaLa bhAgavavA paDe che. ane mRtyu pachI AtmAnI gati paNa karmanA saMyojanane ja AbhArI che. gotra karma agurU laghutAM arUpitA karmanA siddhAMta * akSaya sthiti AyuSya karma jJAnAvaraNakarma anaMta sona (C) * avyAbAdha sukha vedanIya karma -darzanAvaraNa karma anaMta darzana anaMta vIya Adi samyagdarzana vItarAgatA mAkSa-mArga * samyak jJAna, samyak darzana ane samyak cAritra e mokSamArga che. A traNa ratnA che. jJAna, sArAsArano viveka-zraddha ane zubha AcaraNa e to nItimaya jIvana mATe Avazyaka che ja paraMtu jaina dharma A tri-ratnAnI sUkSma chaNAvaTa karIne eka saMpUrNa AcAra saMhitA ApaNI samakSa mUke che. aMtarAya karmaPage #15 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ * karmamAMthI chuTakAro - mokSa * AtmA parathI badhAMja karmonuM AvaraNa dUra thAya ane AtmAnA mULa guNe prakAzI rahe tenuM nAma mekSa. badhAM ja karmone kSaya thAya tyAre jIva janma-maraNanAM kerAmAMthI mukata thAya che. ane siddhagati pAme che. karmane be vibhAgamAM vaheMcI zakAya. ghAtI karma ane adhAtI karma. darekanAM cAra-cAra peTA vibhAga che. jJAnAvaraNIya karma, darzanAvaraNIya karma, mehanIya karma ane aMtarAya karme te ghAtI karme che. te AtmAnA mULa guNono kSaya kare che. e pachInA karma te vedanIya karma, AyuSya karma, nAma karma, netra karma te zarIra sAthe vaNAyelAM che. prathamanAM cAra karmIne kSaya thAya tyAre mAnavI mAnava maTIne arihata thAya che. tene kevaLajJAna pragaTe che. (atyAranAM yugamAM - pAMcamA ArAmAM - A zakya nathI). chellA cAra karme zarIranA tyAga sAthe ja jatAM rahe che. ane arihaMtanuM zarIra - nirvANa pAme che ane AtmA siddha gatie jAya che A mekSa kahevAya. keTalIka vAra kevaLajJAnI arihaMta dharma-saMghanI sthApanA karIne dharma-pracAra kare che. teo tIrthakara kahevAya che. ka ****** The path to Moksha or Nirvana is through Right Knowledge, Right Faith and Right Conduct. === kakaka catuvidha saMghanI sthApanA karane dharmopadeza Ape te tIrthakara kahevAya. mahAvIra svAmI chellA 24 mA tIrthakara. mahAvIra svImIne 11 gaNadharo hatAM. temAM gautama svAmI mukhya hatAM. sudharma svAmI nAmanA gaNadhare temanA ziSya jaMbu svAmIne mahAvIra prabhune dharma samajAvyuM. Ajeya A graMtho vidyamAna che. sudharma svAmI kahe che: surya me AyuSa teNe bhagayA evama akakhAya. he AyuSyamAna bhagavAna vaDe je kahevAyuM hatuM te meM Ama sAMbhaLyuM hatuM. prabhu kathita dharmanuM tuM zravaNa kara. Ama prabhunI vANInuM zravaNa karIne dhanya banelA dharva-vIra taraphathI ApaNane jaina-Agama prApta thayAM che. jaina-Agame eTale dharma-zAse. A graMthamAM mAtra siddhAMta, AcAra-saMhitA ane nItiniyama ja nathI. karmanuM sarvega-saMpUrNa vijJAna che, vizva ane kALanA astitvane siddhAMta che ane ahiM sA, anekAMta, aparigrahanA mArge cAlIne samaya jJAna, samyaka darzana, samyaka cAritra drA mokSa meLavavAne sadupadeza che. che GOD Jainism says that God has not created this universe. The universe has always existed and will always exist. There is no creator. Jain Gods are Tirthankars and Siddhas (Prophets and liberated souls) and they are worshipped in Jain temples. 13 Page #16 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 14R 7 R The shape of the universe according to Jain Scriptures is shown here. The middle vertical "tube" is the abode for main life-forms. The bottom part consists of seven hells. The middle world has all the planets, including the Earth. The top part is the abode of all dev-loka (semi-Gods). In the centre of the middle world there is a big mountain called Mount Meru surrounded by Jambudwip. Our earth is one of the planets in this Jambudwip and is called Bharat-Kshetra. There are 8 black holes in the universe which are capable of swallowing everything. Another interesting point is that Jain books state that there are different time-scales on other planets. The uppermost part (half-moon) is liberated souls. 166 {[1.45 x 16 J+ 1 R= 145 x 10 LIGHT YEARS 8 BLACK HOLES ALL FLANETS INCLUDING OUR EARTH Jain astronomy 14 for meruparvata Page #17 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ jaMbUdvIpathI naMdIzvaradvIpa para zAzvatacaityanaMdIzvara samudra (utarotara dvIpa- saphadra dvANa, mAyathI jANavA ) : ijharasanA 2-vAda, ::::: naMdIzvara sara.. - irasano svAda : : : dhRtavara samudra : ire jevA svAda - bhUtasamudra parvata - toravara samudra dicAla pANIne harIvara samudra 4:37: 2 dha sarakhA svAda 2vara samudra basah 3 khudra - cAlu svAda kiAlodadhi che svAda:: S " ' 3 akharavara che 4 zA mata bita || (1) bhAna na (2) caMt 1 na na bAvana :::: (3) vardhamAna (cha vAriNa *aMjanI 13 dadhimukhI : 32 rati 62 che ::::::: cha vIpa - 8 : DIFFERENT PLANETS LANDS AND SEAS OUR EARTH IS IN JAMBUDWIP WHICH IS SHOWN IN CENTRE 15 Page #18 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ UO - Arrangement of different planets da >| - S OUR EARTH lavaNa rAmudrA rAkha vAI WIGU WIE * : - - avalaMdhara : : : phulaga phidA hIra : pAnAAi nadI nara kAntA nadI 1 ) 4 Ta Tha Da DhaMuM " : : : : :: : :/rx8vFruM chuM > YYYYYYY TYYYYYT [ da] : : : : : : : : : : : : : :) , : n + 17 ja meM EhAre tulA nadI ke :: rotA nadI de aDa-3 a7-2 { } jaE5 ] {TYYYYYY; TTTTTT | { $ - :: 4 46/S Eaa 0 pm:/ kAIka . tenA Ex / / 1 vata kSetra TaS Bta . khaMDavpAtA ' sAmanaData 24pAtI keyaka saMs : kezarI daMg E) samaujamapha khaMDa 1 30 0 ayodayA ka gedhA pAta rairie e > 2 pAtAlaka che UMti 6 tamisA maMDaprapAta airavata _mAsa vararAma mAdhaS aMka:1 { to/ / Sem cen) para AkarA 3 tely :: n - 3 bvST)viDIA) - - :- raMtaya PiaaN kha5 ' che? tamiA : mAvata mIsa nats. - 16 '' dhamAna cy Gu{.Nika :: 3 jaPUT sivaMta kota rivarSa 1 14S-U khaMt-re 15 (e 3 5jhIM ) khaMDa-3 ) : ( 58 5 % I kulA nadI IIIIIIIT e II - * * e 1 - nA rI kAntA nadI '' ) / 6 31 II 3 ==ii ( ke ke : 5 ] ITI na dauM Na - katAM zA = O : :::: : : : : | "= 0 4 Page #19 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ ETERNAL WHEEL OF TIME + + + + 6A ID 2 D - 5 + + A + + - DESCENO, + + + - + + D 4 A 4 ESCENDING CYCLE - ASCENDING + + - 6 YME NOW TIME CYCLE 6 + 6 - 12 Phases At present we are living in 5D which is 21000 years long + = Happiness - Misery The wheel of time is eternal and forever in motion. It is divided into two cycles:- The ascending cycle and the descending cycle. Happiness gradually diminishes and bad practices, corruption and misery ensue. This procedure is reversed in the ascending cycle. At present we are living in 5D (i.e. 5th phase of the descending cycle) which is 21,000 years long. Approximately 2500 years of this cycle have already passed. According to the scriptures, the entrie '6D' period will be atime of severe hardship and pain which appears to match a description of nuclear holocaust. bharatakSetramAM 12 ArAvALuM kALacakra sadAye karyA kare che. utsarpiNI kALamAM zubha pula (sukha)nI vRddhi thAya che. ane avasarpiNImAM du:khamAM uttarouttara vadhAre thAya che. atyAre avasarpiNIne pAMcamAM A cAle che. 21,000 varSane A Are che. pAMcamAM ArAmAM mokSa prApti thatI nathI. 6ThTho Are mahA du:kha ane pIDAne hoya che. te paNa 21,000 varSa cAlaze. A bAda dhIre dhIre caka uparanI dizAmAM gati karaze ane du:khamAM ghaTADe tathA sukhamAM vRddhi thAya che. 17 Page #20 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ JAINISM AND SCIENCE : jaina dharma ane vijJAna : 5 1 Pudgala-parmanu: the smallest, indestructible particle is called parmanu. This parmanu is many millions of times smaller than an electron, proton or neutron. Modern science talks about neutrinos which can go through a solid wall of lead. Parmanus too have this capacity. Jain theory states that everything is made from parmanu and from groups of parmanu (pudgala). A group of pudgala having all particles of similar characteristics is called Vargana. Breathing, speaking, thinking, everything has its own particular Vargana (that means our thoughts are made of the parmanus too!). Quantum physics and new astronomy is also working on this train of thought. 2 == = == = == Definition of Time: ideas about time in Jainism are revolutionary. Time too is said to be made up of time-particles which exist in the "timespace". Changes in the Order of Succession or movements of these particles are what is known as time, so time is a fourth dimension. (1) pudagala ane paramANu :- dravyanA aMtima avibhAjya aMzane paramANu kahevAya che. A paramANu IlekaTrona, proTIna ane nyuTronathI paNa anaMta gaNa nAne che. Adhunika vijJAna nyuTronanI vAta kare che. "nyuTronane dravya saMcaya ati sUkSma - SKANDH hoya che - vaLI A nyUTrone pRthvIthI ThuTa sudhInI sIsAnI divAla hoya te temAMthI paNa ArapAra nIkaLI zake tevA hoya che. jaina-paramANu A nyuTronathI paNa nAnA hoya che. jaina siddhAMta mujaba saghaLuM ja paramANu ane paramANunA skaMdha (samuha-saMyojana) jene pudgala kahevAya che tenuM baneluM hoya che. - DESH eka ja sarakhA (pradezI) paramANuonA samuhane varganA kahe che saraLa bhASAmAM kahIe te jaina dharmanA A paramANuno siddhAMta e gaIkAlane nathI paraMtu AvatI kAlanA vaijJAniko mATe paDakAra rUpa che: mAnavInA zvAsocchavAsa,vicAra, vANI sarvanuM preraka baLa ane temAMthI udbhavatA pariNAme saghaLuM paramANamaya che ane - PRADESH vAtAvaraNamAM rahelAM A paramANuothI ja mAnavI vicAra-vANI-vartana karI zake che. A prAthamika abhyAsa hovA chatAye evI mAnyatA che ke AvatIkAlanAM vaijJAniko khAsa karIne khagoLazAstrIo ane kAma kajhakasanAM abhyAsIo jaina dharmamAM sUcavelI paramANuonI mAnyatAnI najIka AvI rahyA che. (2) kALa :- jaina dharmamAM kALa viSenI mAnyatA e krAMtikArI vidhAna che. kALane PARMA NU (samayane) paNa dravya mAnavAmAM Ave che. koI eka pudagala-skaMdha laIe. A vastu AkAzamAM rahelI che. tene laMbAI, pahoLAI, uMcAI ema traNa mApa hoya che. e ja rIte A vastu kALamAM paNa rahelI hoya che. kALarUpI AkAzamAM A vastune laMbAI pahoLAI vagere hoya che. A laMbAI pahoLAI sAmAnya kUTapaTTIthI na apAya. jarmana vidhUna lIbanIjha AkAzane Order of Coexistence kahe che ane kALane Order of Succession kahe che. A orDara opha sakasesanane laIne kALa aNumAM pheraphAronI paraMparA pravarte che. A paryAyane ApaNe samaya kahIe ? chIe. samaya te phortha vaImenzana (caturtha parimANa) che tema AInasTInanA maMtavyane jaina dharma hajAro varSa pahelAM raja karela che. 18. - DA Page #21 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 3 Can one travel at the speed of light? (Light travels at the speed of 186,000 miles per second.) In Kalpa-Sutra there is an incident where a God converts himself into electropudgalas and came down on the earth at the speed of light. After doing his duty he went back at the same speed and converted himself back to the "human" form. When a small bullet is fired from a gun, it harms or kills the victim because it is fired at a great speed. In one war incident, as described in Jain Scriptures, feathers were fired at tremendous speed and the result was deadly! 5 This is the age of the laser. In the story of the life of Lord Mahavir, one angry monk, Gosalak, releases Tejo-Lesya (heat laser) on the Lord. This did not however kill Lord Mahavir because of his divine powers but he certainly fell ill due to the immense heat. The Lord reflected the rays of the Lesya to strike the striker. Gosalak thus died from the effect of his own laser. Physicists say that matter or energy cannot be created or destroyed. Matter can be transformed into energy and Jainism goes further to say that energy can be transformed into matter. hariduSI This theory states that our universe has always existed and it will always exist in one form or another. (3) prakAzanI jhaDape mAnavI jaI zake kharo? prakAzanI jhaDapa eka sekaMDanA 1 lAkha, 86 hajAra mAIlanI che. vijJAna ema kahe che ke jema citra (TelIvIjhana barA) eka gyAethI bIjI gyAe rile thAya che ane mAtra sekaMDamAM ja thAya che tema padArtha (ke manuSya) sele thaI zake khare? atyAranA vijJAnanI sImAnI bahAranI A vAta che. lpasUtramAM ema darzAvela che ke bhagavAnanA garbhanI adalAbadalI karavA mATe haridvaigameSI nAmanA deva, devalokamAMthI Ave che. e potAnA pula zIrane vidyutamaya banAvIne devalokamAMthI pRthvI para AvIne garbha saMkramaNa kare che. ane kI pAchuM vidyutamaya zarsaramAMthI mULa svarUpa dhAraNa karI de che. A vakhate te prakAzanI gatithI "uDe che. (4) baMdukamAMthI nIkaLatI goLI nAnI hoya che paraMtu te ati tIvra jhaDape bahAra Ave che tethI mRtyu nIpajAve che. jaina graMthamAM zIlAkaMTakanI vAta che emAMthI pakSInuM pIchu eTalI tIvra gatithI choDI zakAya ke te pIchuM paNa mAnavIne ghAta karI zake AvA zastra pahelAM haze ne? (5) atyAre lejharane jamAne che. gozAlake dhAvezamAM mahAvIra svAmI para te lezyA choDI hatI. atyAre AvuM kAryalejhara karI zake che. ane te paNa vezyAnI jema tejanA lIsoTA samAna hoya che. (6) atyAranI khagoLazAstranI mAnyatA pramANe dravya ke zakitane nAza thato nathI mAtra rUpAMtara ja thAya che. jaina zAstro kahe che: guNa paryAyava drathama (tatvArtha sUtra 5/37) dravya je che temAM guNa (Quality) ane paryAya (Modification) be lakSaNa che. temAM rUpAMtara thaI zake che paraMtu te samagratayA nAza thato nathI. dravyanuM zakitamAM rUpAMtara thAya che (boMba tUrA) paraMtu have ema paNa vijJAna kahe che ke saidhAMtika rIte zakitamAMthI dravyamAM rUpAMtara zakya che. T 19 For Private & Personal use only Page #22 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ * 14 rAjaloka FESTIVALS vizva - cAda rAja loka * vA vA DOMALL E madhA 21 jaina draSTie vizvano AkAra darzAvela che. A vizva karatA traNa AvaraNA che. (ghanAdhi, ghanavAta ane tanavAta eTale ke jAmelu pANI, jAmelI havA ane pAtaLI havA ema traNa sto) vizvanA madhyanA ubhA bhAga trasanADI kahevAya che. temAM vasa Mobile ane sthAvara Immobile jIvA rahe che. bAkInAM bhAgamAM mAtra madhya lokamAM manuSya loka AvI jAya che. temAM vacce vacce merU parvata che. merU parvatanI karatA jaMbudrIpa che. jaMbudrIpamAM sAta kSetra che. bharatakSetra, haimavaMta, hari, videha, ramyak, hairaNyavata ane airAvata, jaMbudrIpanI AsapAsa samudra che. te samudra karatA khaMDaane khaMDanI karato samudra ema syanA che. zarUAtanA aDhI TrIpamAM ja manuSya vase che. A pradezanI bahAra koI manuSya janma ke maratA nathI. ApaNe bharatakSetramAM rahIe chIe. manuSya lokamAM ja kALanAM (samayanAM) mApa hoya che. manuSya loka bahAra A mApa hotAM nathI. sUrya-caMdra 1. jyotiSonI gati drArA kALanuM mApa thAya che. mahAvideha jevA kSetramAM ApaNA kALanA mApa pramANe mApa hotAM nathI. vizvamAM kRSNa-raji (bleka hola) nu paNa astitva che. vizva viSenA uparanAM vicAre ane Adhunika vicAro sAthe sarakhAmaNI karIe to ApaNane samajAze ke kALanA mApanI bhinnatA ane bleka holanI vAta atyAranA vijJAna sAthe susaMgata che. * pA tahevAro * jainA mahAvIra jyaMti bhAre utsAha pUrvaka ujave che. caitrasudi terazanA zubhadine prabhunA janma thayo hato. paryuSaNa mahAparva sAthI vadhAre agatyanAM divaseA kahI zakAya. A ATha divasA (zrAvaNa vada bArasathI bhAdaravA suda cotha) dharma dhyAnanAM divase che. ghaNAM bhAviko ekAsaNA, upavAsa Adi ugra tapazcaryA kare che. pa`SaNanA divase daramyAna klpasUtranuM vAMcana paNa thAya che. paryuSaNanA chellA divase (saMvansI) moTu pratikramaNa karavAmAM Ave che. sarva jIvAnI kSamAyAcanA karIne sahu paraspara micchAmi dukkaDama kahIne kSamA yAce che. The birthday of Lord Mahavir is celebrated with great interest and devotion. Paryushan festival days are really the days of religious activities. For eight days during these festivals people go to temples and listen to religious discourses and also perform Samayika. Pratikraman, or There are more than_200,000 Jain manuscripts in India. Underground cellars or special rooms were built to keep such manuscripts in many places including Jaisalmer, Ahmedabad, khambhat, Patan, Limbdi, Delhi and many other places in South India. 20 www.lalnelibrary.org Page #23 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 9 anazana 8 satyAga Citater 1 2 3 4 o UNodari 5 6 (bAhyatapa) kAyakleza 1 2 vRttisaMkSepa saMlInatA prAyazvitta PENANCE Jainism puts great importance on penance but this does not mean just fasting. There are twelve types of penance - six of which are termed external types: EZIT ya fasting; eating in moderation; abandoning feelings of acquisition: tapa self imposed hardships to train one's mind; Control of the body and related feelings; and six are internal types: eating without feelings of attachment with the food; repenting for any misdeeds; showing modesty and respect for spiritual leaders; 3 serving the spiritual teachers; 4 studying good books; 5 meditating; 6 observing mental Kausagga. jaina dharmamAM tapanuM ghaNuMja mahattva che. tapa eTale mAtra bAhya upavAsa Adi nahIM . tapa bAra prakAranAM : prathama cha bAhya tapa che, bAkInA cha atyaMttara che. anazana (upavAsa), uNAdarI (AchuM khAvuM), vRtti saMkSepa (vA52vAnI vastuonI maryAdA), rasa tyAga (dudha-daMhI jevI vastuA - vigaIA - mAMthI thoDe tyAga), kAya kleza (svayaM prerita kArya-kaSTa), salInatA (zarIranA aMgopAMga para saMyama), prAyazcita, vinaya, vaiyAvRtya, svAdhyAya, dhyAna, kAyotsarga. ****** 21 Page #24 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ * sAmAyika - pratikramaNa * samatAbhAvamAM sthira rahIne ekAMta, zAMta gyAe 48 miniTa dharma-dhyAna, svAdhyAya karavA tenuM nAma sAmAyika. alabatta AgaLa-pAchaLa thoDAM sUtro bolIne saraLa paNa nAnakaDI vidhi hoya che. sAmAyika karavAthI cittanI prasannatA ane zAMti prApta thAya che. potAnA AtmAne oLakhavAnI ane dharma jJAna meLavavAnI A sAdI kSiA vyavahArika rIte paNa agatyanI che. * pratikamANa * pratikramaNa eTale pApamAMthI pAchI haThavuM. sarva jIvonI kSamAyAcanA mATenAM sUtro tathA vadananA sUtro bhaNavAmAM (bolavAmAM) Ave che. jANatA-ajANatA thayelAM doSa mATe mAphI mAgIne mULa mArga para pAchA AvavuM, kaTibaddha thavuM te ja sAcuM pratikramaNa. pratikramaNamAM muhapatnI paDIlehaNa Ave che AnI pAchaLa paNa pApane luchI nAkhavAnI pratIkAtmaka bhAvanA che. paccakakhANa :- AnuM mULa nAma pratyAkhyAna che. divasa ane rAtrIe anna-pANIne lagatAM amUka niyamo ane niSedha paccakakhANa kahevAya. sUryodayathI be ghaDI sudhI badhA AhArane tyAga navakArazI kahevAya. sUryAsta pahelAM zarU karIne AkhI vAta sarva AhAra-pANIne tyAga te cavahAra (cavIAra) kahevAya. pANI sivAya bIjI vastuono tyAga tivihAra kahevAya. ajaba #Ausagga :- AnuM saMskRta nAma kAyotsarga che. kAyA sAthenA sarva vyApAra-vyavahArane tyAga karIne dhyAnamAM lIna banavuM - jANe ke zarIrane thoDI vAra - mATe tyAga karavo - tenuM nAma kAusagga. UP), -w SAMAYIKA: There are many types of Samayika but one which is commonly obsrved consists of sitting for about an hour in a quiet place, meditating, chanting a few verses with a little bit of ritual and obtaining a state of equanimity. The Samayika Sutra or book of Samayika consists of ten passages In Samayika one achieves a state of "Separateness" and thereore it is helpful for peace and purification of mind. PRATIKRAMAN: This is a sitting of a longer period consisting of reviewing, confession and repentance of past and present actions and thoughts. PRATYAKHYAN or PACHCHAKHAN: observing certain determinations and control for a given time. KAYOTSTRGA or KAUSAGGA: A layman or a monk relinquishes all feelings of attachment with the body and ob tains a state of meditation. 22 Page #25 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ haANSee OOoooooXoXoXoXoX00000000 MANIBHADRA Jains worship supreme beings and liberated souls. They also worship Yaksha (Gods) such as Manibhadra. He is the protector of Jain-Sashan (Order of Jains). Another deity worshipped highly is Ghantakarna-Mahavir. zrI mANibhadra vIra: dharma arihaMta ane siddhane vaMdana-pUjana kare che ane anya devatAo - yakSone paNa mAne che. mANibhadradevajina zAsananA kSaka/yakSa che. mANibhadra devanAM sthAna AgaleDa magaravA vagere che. teo tathA ghaMTAkarNa mahAvIra pUjanIya camatkArika deve che. ghaMTAkarNa mahAvIraH camArI deva ghaMTAkarNa mahAvIranA darzane mahuDI gAmamAM hajAro yAtrALuo Ave che. dhAreluM kArya siddha karavAM mAnatA - bAdhAo rAkhatAM hoya che. - 23 Page #26 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ Si JAIN ART * jana kyA * JAIN ART * jana klA * Ancient manuscripts are the best source for studying Jain art. As well as manuscripts there used to be invitation scrolls which were sent to monks to invite them to a certain place for the monsoon period. These scrolls were very very long and had beautiful paintings on them. Other paintings found in caves in South India and some wall paintings in Karnataka are also worth studying. NATH rities kara mAratA ja rAma rasiM nagara mAmAkSaNe nItithi DIL Bill kara T jaina zailInI citraklA prAcIna jaina hastapratomAM dekhAI Ave che. nAka ane AMkhanI khAsa rekhAo jaina citraklAnI khAsiyata che. hastaprata uparAMta vijJaptipatro lAMbA kApaDa para banAvavAmAM AvatAM hatAM. AvA vijJaptipatro para / suM dara mInIecara citro doravAmAM AvatAM hatAM. kalpasUtra, uttarAdhyayanasUtra, kAlakAcAryakathA ane saMgrahaNIsatranI hastapratomAM suMdara citro hoya che. kalpasUtranI hajAre sUrvaNAMkita hastaprata vidyamAna che. dakSiNa bhAratamAM paNa tyAMnI AgavI citraklA che. zravaNabelgolA ane anya vistAramAM AvI citraklAnA tathA bhIMtacitranA suMdara udAharaNo dragnecara thAya che. 24 Page #27 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ * jana sthApatya * JAIN ARCHITECTURE ( 5 naniza prAsAda catuka khaDA paMca kheDA Different types of curves for shikhar - RQ 1:11 dasa hajArathI ye vadhAre jaina derAsaro atyAre vidyamAna che. bhAratIya kArIgaro = -. sthapationI kuzaLatAnI gAthA gAtAM A bhavya prAsAdo jaina dharmanI dhvajA patAkA -laherAve che. rAjasthAna ane gujarAtamAM sthaLe sthaLe jaina derasare che. ane - dakSiNa-bhAratamAM dIgaMbare sthApatyo paNa vipula pramANamAM che. bihAra rAjyamAM _baMgALa, orissA, uttara pradeza, mahArASTra, karNATaka ema Thera Thera jaina derAsara = - aDIkhama ubhAM che. - derAsaranI bAMdhaNI zilpa zAstra ekagahana vijJAna che. anupama kaLA che ane --- utkRSTavighA che. mApa, kSetraphaLa ane rekhAonA vaLAMkanA abhyAsathI, gAma kSetranA - E vAtAvaraNa ane rAzi parathI derasaranI bAMdhaNI nakna thAya che. aneka prakAranAM - sthaMbha, vividha prakAranAM tAraNo ane zikharomAMthI pasaMdagI karIne sthApatya stranA thAya che. There are more than 10,000 Jain temples in India. These masterpieces of architecture represent the devotion of Jain lay-people. The design of Jain temples is governed by written rules which involve both art and scientific values. Study of this covers mathematics, geography and a complete knowledge of architectural practices. | | | - kALA . . . , ja T kada : 'd che *: *: *;. i ja che 25 Page #28 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ ORD The Jain temples at Mount Abu are also very famous. These temples are situated on the mountain 4,000 feet high. They are constructed entirely of white marble, with Carving on ceilings. Dillars, doorways, panels and niches which are marvellous. * delavADA - Abu * Abu parvata para AvelAM vimaLavasahi ane luNIMgavasahi dezaso Ama janatAmAM vastupALa - tejapALanAM de' tarIke prakhyAta che. vimaLasiMhanuM derasara to jo ke vimaLazAha maMtrIe baMdhAvelu . A maMdiramAM thAMbhalA ane chatanI kotaraNI joIne sahu AbhA banI jAya che. vizvamAM ATalI bAraka, ATalI su dara kotaraNI kyAMya nathI te eka hakIkata che. Abu parvata para vAtAvaraNa AhlAdaka hoya che. 53 koDa jJa. nA kharce A derAsare hajAreka varSa pahelAM baMdhAvelAM hatAM. 26 Page #29 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ jha * * * PALITANA-TEMPLES 2 There are more than 700 temples on the hills of Shatrunjaya at Palitana. This cluster of beautiful temples is unique in the whole world. Le KICH Lodhya surendranaar S "" 7 ) Roxy Wadhwan Dreil Wankaner. y dLothal Thar anand Tinagar Petlado Champanel Chasila Cambay and Borsad Pau Pavagadh Khambali Vadodara og Chota Jasdon Bold Gondal A dkor Sanctuary Jambusar Gulf of Kulen wankaner Bagoda a kor Do Godhra Nadiad Nadiad Nape or Kalol Lambdi Sayla Kalavad Rajkot Kavy A Volvadhar Dabhoi ajpipla -- Uplet Uplete Dhoraje Jetpur Bhavnagar adhi Short Broach Porbandar ARABIAN SEA utivan Anneli Songadh Deter unagadh klesvar Vanthi Palitana Keshodit Visaraday Kuvidla Kundla Umbarpada (3 Sasan G kadora Mangroll Chorwad Bardoli st Rajulad Una Mahuva Port Victor 1 Veraval Somnath Kodinak Navsari tIrtha * kI mA, MR ka0:patane saurASTranI - gujarAtanI pUNyabhUmimAM zatrujya tIrthanuM mahAtma apUrva che. bhAvanagarathI 31 mAIla dUra Avela zatruMjyanA DuMgara uparanA derAsaronA darzana e te jIvanane mahAmUle lahAvo che. prathama tIrthakara zrI RSabhadeva bhagavAna ahIM pUrva navA vAra padhAryA hatA. prAcIna kALathI ahIM jina-maMdiro che. mukhya maMdiramAM 6 aSabhadeva bhagavAnanI mUrti che. pAlItANA gAma pAdaliptasUrinA nAmathI vaseluM che. A tIrthanAM ghaNAM uddhAro thayo che. bhAvaDazAha ane karmAzAhe karAvelAM nirmANa Sane uddhArA aitihAsika che. 700 thI vadhu derasare che. 7000 thI vadhAre mUtio che. DuMgara para 3700 pagathI caDIne javAya che. vizvamAM koI eka sthaLe che ATalI moTI saMkhyAmAM ATalA suMdara maMdiro nathI. zatruMjya parvata para derAsaro che =ane sAthe sAthe pAlItANA gAmamAM paNa ghaNAM derAsaro che. Agama maMdira, jabupa maMdira, 108 tIrtha-maMdira vagere darzanIya che. pAlItANAnI najIka kadaMbagiri ane. - hastagiri nAmanA DuMgaro che ane tyAM paNa derAsare che. = na maMdira 27 --- ? ? For Private & Personal use only Page #30 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ Temples at Ranakpur are magnificent too. The architecture is so marvellous that people come to study the design of this temple. sthApatya zAstranA uMDo abhyAsa karavA hoya to rANakapuranA bhavya derAsaronA darzana anivArya banI rahe. traNa mallA 72 derIe. 1444 thAMbhalA vALA A derAsara bAMdhatAM 50 varSa lAgelAM. dharaNAzAhe 48000 corasaphUTamA A maMdire baMdhAvIne I.sa. 1439 mAM pratiSThA karAvI hatI. Adizvara bhagavAnanI manahara pratimA ne bhavya derAsaro manane bhAvavibhAra banAvI de che. * rANakapura * --- 28 Page #31 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ BAHUBALI On top of a hill at Shravan Belagola in South India, there stands a giant statue of Lord Bahubali. This image is 57 feet high and is carved from the bedrock of the hill. Bahubali, the son of the first Tirthankar, Rushabhdev, became a monk and chose the path of renunciation instead of fighting his own brother and killing people in the battlefield. There is now a Digambar Muth (headquarters for Digambar sect) at Shravan Belagola and a big ceremony took place in 1981 to commemorate the 1000th anniversary of the creation of this giant statue of Lord Bahubali. * bAhubalI dakSiNa bhAratamAM zravaNa belgolAmAM eka nAnakaDA DuMgarA para bAhubalInI 57 phUTanI vizALa kAya - bhavya dIgaMbara mUrti che. bAhubalI ane bharata baMne prathama tIrthakara RSabhadevanAM putrA hatAM. bAhubalI ane bharata vacce yuddha thayuM . bAhubalI baLavAna hatAM paraMtu temane saMsAranI asAratA samajANI ane dIkSA lIdhI. * A pratimA grenAITanA eka ja paththaramAMthI prerAyelI che. AvI vizALakAya pratimA kotaravI te adbhUta siddhi che. zravaNabelgAlAmAM atyAre dIgaMbara maTha che: bAhubalIjInI pratimAnAM 1000 varSanI maMgaLa ujavaNI rUpa mahAmastakAbhiSeka vidhi 1981mAM ujavavAmAM AvI hatI. 29 Page #32 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ HEMCHANDRACHARYA (1088 - 1172 AD) A great Jain monk and leader. He was the father of the Gujarati language. He also wrote dozens of scholarly books on subjects such as history, grammar, poetry, yoga, mythology, philosophy, etc. His early writings include the grammar of the Prakrit language from which Gujarati is derived. King Kumarpal in Gujarat state was very much influenced by this great monk and had many Jain temples built on advice of Hemchandracharya. The magnificent temple shown here is in the middle of many bills at Taranga and still attracts many pilgrims. Special non-combustible wood was used for the ceiling of this temple. Vegetarianism in Gujarat is also the efforts of this great monk. largely due to * hemacaMdrAcArya * - hemacaMdrAcAryane kalikAlasarvajJa ane jyotirdhara evA birUda maLyAM che. teone yuga-pravartaka paNa kahI zakAya. siddharAja ane kumArapALa jevA be mahAna rAjavIonA samayamAM temaNe gurUtamAM jaina dharmane nAda gajAvyuM. baMne rAjAonAM teo prIti pAtra hatAM. kumArapAla te temanA bhakata ane anuyAyI hate. gujarAtamAM ahiMsA ane zAkAhArIpaNAne pracAra temane AbhArI che. hemacaMdrAcArya prakhara vidvAna hatAM. gujarAtanI saMskAritA ane vidratA paNa temanA samayamAM kAlI kUlI. temaNe aneka graMtho lakhyAM. siddhahema zabdAnuzAsana nAmane vyAkaraNa graMtha eTale prAkRta bhASAnuM prathama vyAkaraNa. AprAkRtamAMthI gujarAtI bhASA janmI tethI hemacaMdrAcAryane gujarAtI bhASAnAM pitA paNa gaNAvI zakAya. yAzraya nAmanAM mahAkAvyamAM selaMkI vaMzane ItihAsa saMskRta zloka ane gAthAomAM varNavela che. A sthanA eTalI adabhUta che ke ItihAsa sAthesAtha ADakatI rete vyAkaraNanAM niyamo samajAvelAM che: yoga viSe yogazAstra' nAmanA graMtha paNa vidvatApUrNa che. A sivAya kAvyAnuzAsana, chadonuzAsana, pramANa mImAMsA, ardhanIti, vItarAga staMtra paNa jANItA che. triSaSTi zalAkA puruSa caritramAM temaNe 63 zalAkA puruSa (cakravartI va.) nA caritro ApyAM che. vighArUpI samudranuM maMthana karavA samartha maMdiggIri samAna hemacaMdrAcAryane janma I.sa. 1088mAM thayo hato. temanuM avasAna (kALadharma) I.sa. 1172mAM thayuM hatuM. Qur | hemacaMdrAcAryanI preraNAthI kumArapALa rAjAe tAgA para ati bhavya - ati suMdara derAsara baMdhAvela che. Aje ya jovA darzana karavA mATe hajAro - lAkha yAtrALuo tyAM jAya che. maMdiramAM chatamAM vaparAyeluM lAkaDuM evuM che ke te baLe tyAre temAMthI rasa jhare che jethI Aga olavAI jAya ane lAkaDuM baLe nahIM. tAsmAnA A maMdiramAM ajItanAtha prabhu mULanAyaka che. 30. For Private Personal Use Only Page #33 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ HIRVIJAYSURI hed an emperor cl Born in 1526 AD he preached and explained the Jain philosophy to the great mogul emperor Akbar. As a result the emperor ordered the closure of slaughter houses during all the Jain holy days. The great monk Hirvijaysuri also wrote many scholarly books. * zrI hIravijayasUri - I.sa. 1526mAM temano janma thayo hato. mogala samrATa akabarane upadeza ApavA mATe teo ItihAsa-prasiddha che. bAdazAha akabara temanAthI prabhAvita thayo hato. teNe sUrijIne pustakane eka bhaMvara Apyo hate vaLI temanI preraNAthI akabare AgrAmAM paryuSaNanA pavitra divaso daramyAna jIvahiM sAM baMdha rakhAvI S/ E ) hatI. (amArI pravartana). LR , hIravijyasUrina jaina ane jaineto para soLamI sadImAM khubaja prabhAva rahyA. teo mahAna tyAgI, mahAtapasvI ane mahAjJAnI hatAM. temaNe ghaNAM the lakhyAM hatAM. zrI hIravijaya surine akabara bAdazAhe karele sarakAra VIRCHAND R GANDHI (1864 - 1901) He was the first Jain to ignore opposition from Orthodox Jains and leave the country for the promotion of Jainism outside India. He went to USA to participate in a conference on world religions. He explained and taught the principles of Jainism in many western countries where some Americans and Britons became his followers. * zrI vIracaMda rAghavajI gAMdhI (1864 - 1901) * jaina dharmanA paradezamAM phelAvo karavAmAM temaNe mahattvano phALo Apyo hate. zikAgomAM bharAyelI vizva dharmanI pariSadamAM temaNe jaina dharmanuM pratinidhitva karyuM. amerikAmAM temaNe jaina dharmano pracAra karyo. amerikA ane pachI briTanamAM temanA ghaNA anuyAyIo thayAM. bhArata chane paradeza javA mATe temanI ghaNI TIkAo thaI hatI paraMtu temaNe A TIkAo paNa sahana karI. temaNe sametazIkhara para carabInuM kArakhAnuM nakhAvavAnuM hatuM tyAM kAyadesara rIte rajUAta karIne kesamAM jIta meLavI hatI ane kArakhAnuM baMdha karAvyuM hatuM . zrI vIracaMda rAghavajI gAMdhI B. 1. ====== Page #34 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ SHRIMAD RAJCHANDRA: A great philosopher. He was born on 9 November 1867 in Saurashtra (now Gujarat state). He had an extraordinary knowledge of his past lives at a very early age. He was able to remember 100's of items such as puzzles, problems and statements and could solve them correctly in the right sequence rapidly and without the aid of pen and paper. However he never used this talent for gainful purpose but gave up everything in search of the religious quest. He was also a good poet. He did not become a monk but he had renounced everything. His philosophy and writings (specially his letters to many people including Mahatma Gandhi) are a source of inspiration for thousands of people in India and abroad. He died in 1901 at the age of only 33. *zrImad rALaMdra * gaI sadInA AdhyAtmika tattvajJAnI mahApuruSa zrImad gurghadrane janma 9-11-1867nA roja vavANIyAmAM thayo hato. mAtra sAta varSanI vaye temane jAtismaraNa jJAna thayuM hatuM. mAtra ogaNIsa varSanI vaye temaNe 22 jAnyu. 1887nA divase muMbaImAM zatAvadhAnanAM prayoga karyA hatAM. e vakhate teo kavi rAyacaMdabhAI tarIke oLakhAyAM. mahAtmA gAMdhIjIne temanI pAsethI ghaNuM jANavA maLyuM hatuM. ahiM sA viSe gAMdhIjIe sALaMdrajI sAthe patra vyavahAra karyo hato. jhaverAtane dhaMdho hovA chatAM teo mahA-tyAgI hatAM. vairAgya vadhatA jatA temaNe sAdhanAmAM ja temanuM alpa jIvana gALyuM. temane AtmajJAnane prakAza thayo hato. temanA lakhANomAM temanI prakhara vidvatAhave vairAgya ane Atma tatvanuM jJAna draSTigocara thAya che. teoe moTo anuyAyIaradhaka varga chIne nAnI uMmare I.sa. 1901 mAM dehatyAga karyo. Ajeya temanA graMthonuM vAMcana seMkaDe sthaLoe vividha satsaMgamAM thAya che. temaNe cela Atmasiddhi zAstra kAvya AtmAnA Sa sthAne samajAve che. A kRti eTalI bhAva-maya ane tatvajJAnathI bharapUra che ke tene paNa loko mananIya ane pUjanIya gaNe che. temanuM avasAna rAjakoTamAM thayuM hatuM. * ** kavAyanI upazAMtatA, mAtra mokSa abhilASa; bhave kheda prANIdayA, tyAM AtmArtha nivAsa, zrImada rAjacaMdra 32. Page #35 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ This is a rare photograph, depicting some western Jain scholars who have published extensively researched works in Jainism. Winternitz. Otto Stein Jacobi FW Thomas. Jarl Charpentier E.A.Krause Helmuth von - A Guerinot. (r)Jo>> Ho! Sylvain Levi. BFuldagon J.Herfel, Juli usronNegelein 33 EHultzsch FBelloni Filippi. Sten Konow prabhAvazALI jaina sAhityano, khArA karIne jainetara samAjamAM pracAra karavo e zAsana prabhAvanAnu' eka mahatvanuM aMga che. ane e dizAe jIvananI sadhaLI zaktio badhAmAM jIvananuM mahatva samajI sva. AcArya zrI vijayadhasUrijIe videzanAM AgevAna sAhitya sevAmAM jaina sAhityano sAro pracAra karyo, pariNAme videzI jaina-skolarAnI vRddhi thavA pAmI, ane jainadharmanA pracAra mATe tenI pIpAsA Aje nagRta thai rahI che. AvAM zAsanaprabhAvanAnA zubha saramaro rajI karatuM A grupa AcAryazrI ane teozrInA prerIta videzanA keTalAka jaina skolarono A paricaya rajI kare che. O Pertold. Page #36 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ JAINISM OUTSIDE INDIA UK: There are more than 30,000 Jains in UK. London has about 25,000 Jains. Plans have been approved for a big Jain temple and auditorium at a place near Potters Bar which is situated to the north of London. South London also has a big meeting place for the Oshwal Community. Jain Centre, Leicester, is a unique place for Jains in Europe and is run by Jain-Samaj Europe. This centre provides facilities for all sects of Jains. Beautifully carved pillars and torans were made from special stones in India and have been brought and erected in the temple at Jain Centre. CATAVO nig ) haAH TILL L LLB Jin III III IIIIIII, I T , vi Lilies S IFR. lesTara (briTana)nI jaina samAja yuropa nAmanI saMsthA dvArA jaina-seMTara taiyAra thaI cUkyuM che. jaina seMTaramAM derasaramAM mULa nAyaka zAMtinAtha prabhunI 31"nI pratimA che. pArzvanAtha ane mahAvIra svAmInI 24", 24" nI pratimAo che. A uparAMta dharaNendra-padamAvatIjI, ghaMTAkarNa mahAvIra, gautama svAmI, zrImad razcaMdra maMdira, bAhubalIjI, aSabhadevajI, neminAthajI, cakevImAtA, aMbikAdevI tathA mANibhadrajInI sthApanA thaze. derAsaranAM thAMbhalAo ane teraNA jesalameranA paththarone kerIne banAvelAM che. pratiSThAne zubha dina che 20mI klAI 1988. (II 3 4 Page #37 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ Mombasa is a beautiful town in Kenya, East Africa. The first house-temple was opened in Mombasa at Rogers Road in 1916 and Jain Deravasi Sangh was founded in 1922. Images were brought from India in the year 1951 since following which a magnificent temple was built. The Pratishtha (Installation of Images) ceremony was held on 26.7.1963. mAMbAsA :- pUrva AphikanAkenyA dezanA kinAre LiyAmaNuM zahera eTale maoNbAsA. mabAsAmAM 1916mAM rejarsa seDa para prathama ghara derAsara thayuM hatuM. 1922mAM jana deravAsI saMghanI sthApanA thaI hatI. sane 1951mAM bhAratathI pratimAjIonI padharAmaNI thaI hatI. mabAsAmAM ati bhavya zikharabaMdhI derAsara baMdhAyuM che. pratiSThA mahotsava 26-7-1963nA zubha dine ujavAya. derasaranuM nAma pArzva vallabha prAsAda che. makara * t" == che . * * * -- EAST THIS DRAWING IS DUACRAMMATIC ONLY ANO 5 FASED UPON THE PRELMINARY FIREF IT SUBJECT TO PLANNING AESROVALS AND OTHER STATUTORY CONSENTS. FOX OR PRIMET TITLE SHATIA iTun. VIEW OF TEMPLE FROM THE SOUTH SASUNEN == = MOSAK BOTTON = == - IFLOWERS DEVIS INOMATIC HEROS 1 . sTa 1: +- LEMPLE PLATFORM PROPOSED OSHWAL TEMPLE CAR PIVO nama - NORTHAW-HERTFORDSHRE UK Feet 35 Page #38 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ America: There are many Jain centres and temples in the USA and Canada. "Jain Bhavan" has been specially built in Los Angeles. New York, Washington, New Jersey, Detroit, Chicago, Boston, Los Angeles, Toronto, Cleveland, Buffalo also have Jain centres. At Siddhachalam, near New York, temples, libraries, auditorium, etc. are being built. All centres are actively promoting Ahimsa (non-violence) and vegetarianism. There are 35,000 Jains in America now. amerikAmAM Thera Thera jaina senTara tathA derasare che. lesa eklasamAM jaina bhavana taiyAra thaI gayuM che. zikAgomAM derasaranirmANa karavAnuM Ayojana che.! nyuyorka, vazIngaTana, nyujarsI, DeITa, zikAge, besTana, lesa elasa vagere sthaLonA jaina kendra pravRttizIla che. keneDAmAM paNa TeraMTa ane anya sthaLoe jaina dharmanI pravRtti thaI rahI che. vejITerIyAnIjhamane pracAra karavAmAM Ave che.' nyUyorka pAse siddhAcalama AkAra laI rahyuM che tyAM jaina derAsara, graMthAlaya, bhojanAlaya, sabhAgRha ItyAdi thaze. JAIN BHAVAN nAIrobI :- nAIrobImAM 1900nI sAlathI jene vase che. 1908mAM prathama svAmI vAtsalya bhejana thayuM hatuM. 1969mAM ozavALa hAusanuM navanirmANa thayuM. bhavya zikharabaMdhI derAsara mATe zilAnyAsa 22-1-1976nA dine thaze. derAsaranI pratiSThA 11 phebru. 1984nA zubha dine thaI. T Nairobi: Jains have lived here since 1900 AD. The first grand Jain dinner was organised in 1908. Oshwal house was built in 1969. The foundation stone for this Jain temple was laid on 22.1.1976 and the Pratishtha ceremony was held on 11.2.1984. 36 Page #39 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ EIGHT MANGALS These eight figures are auspicious and have been considered so for thousands of years. The symbols are seen in temples and at certain rituals and are mentioned in the stories of Tirthankars. amaMgala jaina derAsaro, upAzrayo ane anya jagyAe jovA maLatI A ATha AkRtio anAdikALathI maMgaLarUpe gaNavAmAM Ave che. AmAM anukrame svastika, zrI vatsa, naMdAvarta, vardhamAnaka, kaLaza, bhavasana, mIna yugala ane darpaNa che. jina-maMdiramAM pUjA bAda caitya vaMdana zarU karatAM pahelA cokhA-akSatathI A AkRtio evI joIe. have joke A AkRtio vALA pATalAM rAkhavAmAM Ave bhagavAnanA dIkSA mahotsavanA varadhA samaye A aSTa maMgala zAmela hatAM. ApaNAM Agama graMthamAM A aSTa maMgalonuM varNana che tIrthakaranA merU-parvata paranA abhiSeka prasaMge paNa te AlekhAyAM hatAM. samAja With the foetus of Tirthankar in her womb, the holy mother witnesses the follwong fourteen objects in her dream. (1) a lion (2) an elephant (3) a bull (4) goddess Laksmi (5) a pair of garlands (6) the moon (7) the sun (8) a flag (9) a silver jug (10) a lake full of lotuses (11) the milk-ocean (12) divine plane (13) a heap of jewels (14) a smokeless fire. cauda svapnAM :- tIrthakaranI mAtA, jyAre prabhu garbhamAM hatAM tyAre zaida svapnAM e che. A svapnanAM kaLAdeza pramANe putra cakravartI athavA dharmopadezaka - dharmapravartaka thAya tema jyotiSIo kahe che. A svapnAMne paNa maMgaLa-maya gaNavAmAM AvyAM che. paryuSaNa-pUrvamAM A svapnAM darzanArthe rakhAya che - utArAya che - dhI (uchavaNI bolAya che). svapnAM nA nAma (1) siM ha (2) hAthI (3) rASabha (4) lakSmI (5) puSpanI mALA (6) caMdra (7) sUrya (8) dhvaja (9) kaLaza (10) kamaLa sarovara (11) sAgara-vara (12) devavimAna (13) ratnane samuccaya (14) nidhuma jyota (agni). svapnanAM kramamAM kyAreka kera jaNAya che. vaLI dagaMbara mata mujaba soLa sapanAM hatAM. & WEB 4 kiche ke ja te *? - THE 37 Page #40 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ ANDVENDTEX 1 2 STLE *TUF OM kI Namo T tavassa MANTRA-YANTRA Mantras are used in chanting. They are repeated in the mind to achieve concentration and devotion. Certain mantras are very short, e.g. one such mantra is the divine letter 'OM" AUM). (or dInabhomaNa Hiph VTX3PT | 3484 One can also chant the whole sentence (long mantra) e.g.AUM HRIM SHREE PARSHVANATHAY NAMAH. 38 Yantras are diagrams which help in meditation where attention is concentrated on the diagram. One such diagram is Siddha-Chakra which signifies the whole aspect of faith in the Jain religion. Han Xi Qu Nine deities are shown in the nine parts of the circle, they are: ARIHANTA, SIDDHA, ACHARYA, UPADHYAY, SADHU (five Parmeshtin); Right Knowledge, Right Vision, Right Conduct (3 jewels) and penance. * maMtra - taMtra - yaMtra * jaina, hiMdu ane bAddha dharmamAM maMtra-taMtra-yaMtrane sthAna che ja. A prakAranAM be yaMtro ahIM darzAvyAM che. sindhyakra yaMtramAM arihaMta, siddha, AcArya, upAdhyAya tathA sAdhu ema paMca parameSThi tathA jJAna, darzana, cAritrya ane tapa ema cAra pado maLIne navanuM pUjana thAya che. sindhyakranuM pUjana kaLadAyI manAya che. sAcI pUjA jJAna, darzana, cAritryanA mArge cAlIne, yogya rIte tapanA AcaraNathI karI zakAya. arha maMtra che. te jUdI jUdI rIte paNa lakhAya che. ahIM thoDI rIte darzAvI che. OM nI jema arjunu mahattva che. arihaMta svarUpanA dhyAnanuM A mahAna pavitra maMtra-bIja che. OM hI arju nama: nA jApa siddhi-dAyaka che. OM kI Namo daMsaNassa pr* raa SILF Page #41 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ satya lAla raMga: siddha Red pILA raMga: AcArya aellow acaya sapheda raMga : ahiMsA arihaMta White lIle raMga : upAdhyAya Green brahmacarya kALA raMga : sAdhu Black aparigraha janadhvaja aMge jarUrI mAhitI.... vajane AkAra: laMbacorasa laMbAI-pahoLAI: 342 lAla, pILA, lIlA, kALA raMganA paTTAo samAnaH sapheda-bevaDA. svastika, kesarIyA raMgamAM. JAIN FLAG During the 25th centenary year of Lord Mahavir's nirvana, a large committee representing all the Jain sects agreed upon the idea of one flag and one symbol for all Jains. * jana dhvaja * bhagavAna mahAvIranI 2500 mI yaMti vakhate jaina dhvajanA svarUpanI sarvAnumate pasaMdagI thaI. paMca parameSThinA pAMca stra yukata pAMca paTTAvALA A dhvaja che. vacamAM svastika vagere jaina pratIkamAM darzAvyA pramANe che. 89 For Private & Personal use only Page #42 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ Abode of the Liberated Souls Four Destinies Heaven. Human Animal Hell. Non Violence Mutual Assistance. Of All Beings JAIN SYMBOL :: parasparopagraho jIvAnAm Right Faith Right Conduct Right Knowledge Mutual Assistance Of All Beings of a The outline of the diagram is that Jain universe. The swastika represents the four states the soul may live in: divine, human, tiryanch (ie. animals, birds, etc.) and hell. The three dots represent right knowledge, right vision (faith) and right conduct. The half-moon is the sign of Siddha-Sheela (final place for liberated souls). The raised hand is to indicate the principle of non-killing, non-violence. In the middle of the hand is drawn a wheel for the propagation of the religion. * jaina pratIka * A pratIka paNa jaina dharmanuM pratinidhitva kare che. pratIkamAM bAhya rekhAMkana che te jaina draSTie vizvanA AkAra che aMdara hAtha che te abhaya-dAna sUcave che. hAthamAM dharma-cakranu cinha che temAM ahiM sA zabda lakhelA che. Three Paths. svastika cAra gati sUcave che. manuSya, tiryaMca, deva ane nArakI. svastika uparanAM traNa bi duA tri-ratna; samyaka jJAna, samyak darzana ane samyak cAritra sUcave che. te TapakAMo uparanA ardhacaMdrAkAra ziddhazIlA che. ziddhazIlAe mekSa pAmelA AtmAonuM aMtima sthAna che. 40 pratIkamAM nIce lakhyuM che parasparopagraho jIvAnAma eTale jIvAno paraspara upakAra che. jIvo ane jIvavA doema ja nahI paraMtu jIvA ane anyanA jIvanamAM sahAyabhUta bano tenA A umadA maMtra che. Page #43 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ BOOKS BY VINOD KAPASHI ANIMESA (Gujarati Novel) FROM HAIKU TO ZEN JAINISM-FIRST STEP HINDUISM-FIRST STEP IN SEARCH OF THE ULTIMATE ESSENCE OF PRATIKRAMAN KALPA-SUTRA AHIMSA-DHARMA PARDESHMA JAIN DHARIA JAINISH ILLUSTRATED HEMCHANDRACHARYA (To be published) Page #44 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________