Jain Tark Bhasha

Author(s): Shobhachandra Bharilla
Publisher: Tiloakratna Sthanakvasi Jain Dharmik Pariksha Board
Catalog link: https://jainqq.org/explore/022456/1

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mahopAdhyAya zrI yazovijayagaNipraNItA Munawwan * jaina tarka bhASA * [hindI-anuvAdasahitA] * anuvAdaka * paM0 zobhAcandra bhArilla wwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwww pra kA zaka-maMtrI ga Na zrI tiloka ratna sthAnakavAsI jaina dhArmika parIkSA borDa pAtharDI, ( ahamadanagara ) san 1964 } prathamAvRtti 1000 { vIrAbda 2490 [ mUlya pA~ca rupaye ] 500 Innnnnwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwws

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mahopAdhyAya zrI yazovijayagaNipraNItA * jaina tarka bhASA * (hindI-anuvAdasahitA) :: anuvAdaka :: paM. zobhAcandra bhArilla prakAzaka maMtrIgaNa - zrI tiloka ratna sthAnakavAsI jaina dhArmika parIkSA borDa pAtharDI, (ahamada na ga ra)

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mUlya 5 rupaye prakAzaka: paM. badarInArAyaNa zukla paM. zobhAcandra bhArilla paM. candrabhUSaNa maNi tripAThI mantrIgaNa-pustaka prakAzana vibhAga zrI tiloka ratna sthAnakavAsI jaina dhArmika parIkSA borDa pAtharDI. ji. ahamadanagara prathamAvRtti 1000 cIra saM. 2490 san 1964 mudraka :badarInArAyaNa dvArakAprasAda zukla * zrI sudharmA mudraNAlaya, pAtharDI (ahamadanagara) Wan

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FREEHIR LEARISHTHE RELIEFES prakAzakIya 14 sthAna puja kyA paDa KE mahopAdhyAya zrI yazovijayagaNiviracita jaina tarka bhASA kA dArzanika jagata meM mahattvapUrNa sthAna hai| upAdhyAyajIke pragAr3ha pANDitya aura gaMbhIratama vicAroMkI isa grantha meM suspaSTa jhalaka milatI hai / vivecanazalI sundara hai, kintu usameM gUDhatA bhI atyadhika hai| jisa viSayakA pratipAdana karanA hotA hai, usake bArema jaina-ajaina kisI bhI dArzanika dRSTikoNa ko pUrva pakSa ke rUpameM carcArtha prastuta karate samaya ve aisI khUbI rakhate haiM jise adhyetA sahaja hI nahIM samajha sktaa| para jaba use usa granthikA rahasya bhalI-bhA~ti samajha AtA hai taba uSAdhyAyajI kI apratima pratibhA aura viziSTa zailI ke viSaya meM zraddhA aura Adara kI bhAvanA aura bar3ha jAtI hai, isIliye adhyetA aura adhyApaka grantha kI nijI vizeSatA ke bAremeM muktakaNTha se prazaMsA karate haiN| prastuta grantha aneka vizvavidyAlayoM ke pAThyakramoMmeM nirdhArita hai| isIliye isake Azaya ko suspaSTa karane ke liye kaI TIkAe~ huI haiM aura ve saba prakAzana saMsthAoM ke dvArA prakAzita hokara jijJAsuoM ke samakSa prastuta kI gaI haiM, kintu svataMtra bhArata kI rASTrabhASA meM adyAvadhi koI anuvAda isa grantha kA nahIM ho sakaneke kAraNa vidyArthiyoM kI tarapha se hamAre pAsa bAra-bAra mA~ga hotI rahatI thI, aneka adhyApakoM ke bhI isa tarapha saMketa the| zramaNa saMghake AcAryasamrAT paramazraddheya mahAmahima paMDitaratna jainadivAkara pUjya zrI 1008 zrI Ananda RSijI ma. samAja meM samyak jJAna-darzana-cAritrakA pracAra vizeSa rUpa meM ho, etadartha svayaM jAgarUka rahate huye janatA kA dhyAna isa ora AkRSTa karanA Avazyaka samajhate haiN| badanaura cAturmAsa meM Apane eka ziSya ko jaina-tarka bhASA kA adhyayana karAte samaya ziSya dvArA punaH punaH pUche jAnepara uktta grantha ke viSayameM ziSya kI kaThinAI kA anubhava kiyA aura chAtroMdvArA isake hindI anavAda kI mA~ga kI yathArthatA para ApakA dhyAna AkRSTa huvA / pUjya zrIjI kA saM. 2018 kA cAturmAsa AzvI jilA ahamadanagarameM huaa| usa samaya kaI vidyArasika zrAvakoMne pAtharDI parIkSA borDa kI ucca parIkSAoM ke pAThyagranthoM ke prakAzanArtha apanI udAra bhAvanA abhivyaktta kI thii| abataka borDa kA pustaka prakAzana vibhAga, jaina siddhAnta vizArada parIkSA taka ke pAThyagranthoM ke prakAzana meM apanI zakti kA upayoga kara rahA thaa| jaba samAja ke udArahRdayI sadgRhasthoM ke sahayoga viziSTa granthoM ke prakAzanArtha bhI prApta hone lage, taba isakI kSamatA aura adhika bar3ha jAnase jaina siddhAMta zAstrI aura jaina siddhAntAcArya ke pAThya granthoM ke prakAzana kA isane nizcaya kiyaa| pUjya zrI jI kA cAturmAsa saM. 2019 meM ghATakopara meM huA, usa samaya prasiddha mahAsatIjI zrI raMbhAjI ma., viduSI zrI sumati ku~vara ma., jJAnasaMpAdana parAyaNA zrI candanakumArIjI ma., Adi satIparivAra ke sAtha cAturmAsArtha ghATakopara meM hI virAjita thiiN| isa satIparivAra meM jaina tarkabhASAkA adhyayana cAla thA. vidvatpariSad ke prasaMgase hama tInoM mantrI vahAM upasthita huye the| usa samaya jaina tarka bhASA ke hindI anuvAda kA prazna uThA aura usa kArya ko atIva upayukta mAnakara borDa ke pustaka prakAzana vibhAga ne usakI saharSa

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svIkRti de dii| boDaka sAhinya-mantrI paM. zobhAcandrajI bhArilla ko anuvAda kA kArya sauMpA gayA, jise paMDitajIne baDI tatparatA ke sAtha yathAzakya zIghra hI sampAdita kara diyaa| pAtharDI parIkSAborDa ke nijo mudraNAlaya 'zrI sudharmA mudraNAlaya' ke andara isake mudraNakI vyavasthA kI gii| mudraNa kA kArya pUrNa hote hI aneka sthAnoMse pustaka kI mAMga tejI se Ane ke kAraNa bAiMDiMga ke pahale hI aneka pratiyA~ kaccI bAiMDiMga hokara bheja dI giiN| anuvAda kI prazaMsAke sAtha kucha vidvAnoMne usameM 'viziSTa sthaloMke vivecana-spaSTIkaraNa kA eka pariziSTa anta meM jor3anekA bhI sujhAva diyA / yaha sujhAva upayukta honese gata varSa pUjyazrIjI ke dehalI-cAturmAsa meM dArzanika jagata ke labdhapratiSTha vidvAn evaM pAtharDI borDa kI vidvatpariSad ke mAnanIya sadasya DaoNkTara indracandrajI zAstrI em. e., pI. eca. DI. kA samAgama huA, unase pariziSTa ke bAre meM bAta huii| Apane use baDI prasannatA se svIkAra kiyA aura kucha hI dinoM ma isa kArya ko sampAdita kara hameM prakAzanArtha sauMpa diyaa| ina dinoM paM. bhArillajI * ratnAkarAvatArikA' ke hindI anavAda meM tatpara hone se DAkTara indracandrajI ko hamane kAryabhAra jisa bhAvanA se supUrda kiyA thA, DAkTara sA. ne usa bhAvanA ke aucitya ko mAnya kara ke kArya sampAdana meM jo utsAha dikhAyA hai, vaha sarvathA stutya hai| isa prakAra jaina tarka bhASA ke prastuta saMskaraNa ko mUla-anuvAda aura pariziSTasahita sAMgopAga taiyAra kara ke vidvaddhogya aura chAtropayogI banAne kA prayatna kiyA gayA hai| AzA hai jijJAsUoM kI jijJAsA ko tRpta karane meM yaha yatna avazya sahAyaka siddha hogaa| . isa pustaka ke prakAzana kArya meM jina sadgRhasthoM ke Arthika Azraya kA upayoga kiyA gayA hai, unakI nAmAvalI isa prakAra hai 501 zrI ratanacandajI bhikamadAsajI bA~ThiyA, panavela 501 zrI bhairUlAlajI dIpacandajI gAMdhI, lonAvalA 501 zrI sau. gulAbabAI kacaradAsajI lor3hA, ahamadanagara 501 zrI dhanarAjajI panAlAlajI jaina, jAlanA 501 zrI motIlAlajI rAyacandajI dUgar3a, kurlA (bambaI) 500 zrI zakkarabAIjI surANA, druga (ma.pra) anta meM una sabhI mahAnubhAvoM kA-jinake zrama aura sahayoga ke pariNAmasvarUpa hama isa kArya meM saphala ho sake haiM, hRdaya se AbhAra mAnate haiN| mantrIgaNa, pustaka prakAzana vibhAga, zrI tiloka ratna sthA. jaina dhArmika parIkSA borDa, pAtharI, (ahamadanagara) - - -

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* prastAvanA * 'jainatarkabhASA' tarkazAstra kA mahattvapUrNa graMtha hai| isakI racanA upAdhyAya yazovijayagaNIne 18 bIM zatI meM kI thii| unhoMne jaina evaM jainetara darzanoM kA vidhipUrvaka adhyayana kiyA aura jaina-darzana kI bahuta sI samasyAoM kA paryAlocana karane meM apanI yogyatA kA paricaya diyA hai| udAharaNasvarUpa unhoMne jJAnAvaraNa kI jo vyAkhyA kI hai vaha vedAMta kI mUlAvidyA aura tlAvidyA ke siddhAnta se milatI hai| isIprakAra bahuta sI anya bAtoM ko bhI jaina tarkazAstra meM praviSTa kiyA, jo unakI maulika dena hai| agale pRSThoM meM unake jIvana tathA isa dena kA saMkSipta paricaya diyA jaaygaa| jIvana-paricaya - yazovijaya ke saMbaMdha meM bhaneka kathAe~ evaM kiMvadaMtiyA~ pracalita thiiN| kiMtu jabase 'sujazavelI bhAsa' nAmaka graMtha upalabdha huA, isa saMbaMdha meM prAmANika jAnakArI prApta ho gaI hai| yaha graMtha purAnI gujarAtI meM padyAtmaka hai aura yazovijaya ke samakAlIna kAMtivijaya gaNI kI racanA hai| upAdhyAyajI kA janma kalola ke nikaTastha 'kanoDu' nAmaka grAma meM huA thA, jo aba bhI vidyamAna hai| vahA~ nArAyaNa nAmake vyApArI rahate the, patnI kA nAma thA-sobhAgade / unake do putra the-jasavaMta aura padmasiMha / ekabAra paMDitavarya munizrI nayavijaya pATaNa ke samIpavartI 'kuMNagera' nAmaka grAma se vihAra karate hue 'kanoDu' Aye / ve akabarapratibodhaka jainAcArya zrI harivijayasUri kI ziSyaparaMparAseM saMbaddha the| upadeza sunakara donoM kumAra unake sAtha ho lie aura vi. saM. 1688 meM pATaNa pahu~cakara dIkSA le lii| usI varSa zrI vijayadeva sUri ne unheM bar3I dIkSA dii| usa samaya unakI Ayu kramazaH 10 aura 12 varSa ke lagabhaga thii| dIkSA ke uparAMta jasavaMta kA yazovijaya aura padmasiMha kA pavijaya nAma ho gyaa| upAdhyAya yazovijaya ne apanI kRtiyoM meM padmavijaya kA sahodara ke rUpa meM smaraNa kiyA hai| vi. saM. 1699 meM yazovijaya ahamadAbAda paha~ce aura vahA~ ATha avadhAna kie| unakI pratibhA se prabhAvita hokara sthAnIya dhanajI sUrA nAmaka vyApArI ne nayavijayajI se anurodha kiyA ki yazovijaya ko kAzI bhejakara vidyAdhyayana karanA cAhie / isake lie unhoMne 2000 dInAreM kharca karane kA vacana bhI diyA aura huMDI likha dii| nayavijaya yazovijaya ko lekara kAzI pahuMce aura vahA~ 3 varSa rahe / yazovijaya ne kisI bhaTTAcArya ke pAsa navyanyAya kA adhyayana kiyaa| kAzI meM zAstrArtha bhI kiyA, aura vijaya ke upalakSya meM 'nyAyavizArada' upAdhi prApta kii| sAdhAraNatayA yaha pracalita hai ki unheM 'nyAyAcArya' padavI milI thii| kiMtu 'sujazavelIbhAsa' meM isakA ullekha nahIM miltaa|

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kAzI ke pazcAt unhoMne 4 varSa taka AgarA meM adhyayana kiyaa| isake pazcAt ahamadAbAda pahuMce aura vahA~ auraMgajeba ke sUbedAra mahobatakhA~ ke samakSa 18 avadhAna kie| vijayadevasUrike ziSya vijayaprabhasarine saM. 1718 meM unheM 'vAcaka-upAdhyAya' padavI pradAna kii| saM. 1743 meM baDaudA ke nikaTa 'DamAI' gAMva meM yazovijaya kA svargavAsa huA, vahA~ unakI pAdukA sthApita hai| " Upara batAyA jA cukA hai ki jaina dArzanika sAhitya ko upAdhyAyajI kI maulika evaM atyaMta mahattvapUrNa dena hai / unhoMne jo yogyatA prApta kI vaha sAdhAraNatayA anya jaina AcAryoM meM nahIM miltii| unhoMne pUrvapakSa ke rUpa meM dUsare darzanoM ko prastuta karate samaya kahIM khIMcatAna yA toDa-maroDa nahIM kii| isase do bAtoM kA patA calatA hai / pahalI bAta yaha hai ki unakA adhyayana vyApaka evaM vastulakSyI thaa| idhara-udhara se sunakara athavA pAraMparika AdhAroM para kisI bAta kA khaMDana yA paryAlocana nahIM kiyA / dUsarI bAta yaha hai ki unakI dRSTi sabhI ke prati sahAnubhUtipUrNa evaM samanvayAtmaka thI jo anekAMta kA mUla tattva hai| isa udAra dRSTi kA mukhya kAraNa thA unakA kAzI meM jAkara adhyayana karanA aura jainetara vidvAnoM ke saMparka meM AnA / dUsarI bAta yaha hai ki unhoMne bahatasI dArzanika samasyAoM kA jo samAdhAna prastuta kiyA hai, vaha pUrvavartI AcAryoM meM nahIM miltaa| use par3hakara jJAta hotA hai ki jaina-darzana ko samajhane ke lie anya darzanoM kA maulika adhyayana Avazyaka hai| tatkAlIna sthiti usa samaya rAjasthAna, gujarAta tathA pazcimI uttarapradeza para musalamAnoM kA AtaMka thaa| tarka, evaM darzanazAstra kA paryAlocana baMgAla, mithilA evaM kAzI meM kucha vidvAnoM ke gharoM taka sImita thA / anyatra eka ora sAdhAraNa janatA meM bhaktivAda kA prasAra ho rahA thA, dUsarI ora rAjagharAnoM meM zrRMgAra kA / rAjasthAna evaM gujarAta ke janasamAja meM do dhArAeM thiiN| eka ora mattipUjaka samAja maMdiroM ke nirmANa aura usake ADambaroMmeM lagA thaa| dUsarI ora sthAnakavAsI samAja nivRtti evaM tyAga ko atyadhika mahattva de rahA thaa| jJAna-sAdhanA kI ora donoM kI upekSA thii| aise yuga meM yazovijaya kA AvirbhAva marusthalI meM sarovara ke samAna siddha huaa| unhoMne sabhIkA dhyAna sAMpradAyika matabheda se Upara uThAkara jJAnasAdhanA kI ora AkRSTa kiyaa| tattvajijJAsu kI sUkSma evaM niSpakSa ddaSTi lekara isa ora pravRtta hue aura anekAMta kA saccA pratinidhitva kiyA / AvaraNa Ate hI prakAza aMdhakAra meM pariNata ho jAtA hai / isI prakAra satya sImAvizeSa meM Abaddha hote hI asatya bana jAtA hai / dhAraNAvizeSa ko asatya tabhI kahA jAtA hai jaba vaha virodhI dRSTi kA apalApa karatI hai| virodhI kA svAgata karane para vahI satya kA rUpa le letI hai jaina paribhASA meM virodhI ke apalApa ko 'ekAMta' kahate haiM aura svAgatako 'anekaaNt'| yazovijaya ne isa dRSTi ko hRdaya aura buddhi donoM bhUmikAoM para upasthita kiyA hai| racanAeM yazovijaya ne vizAla saMkhyaka graMthoM kI racanA kI jo eka ora unake prakhara pAMDitya aura dUsarI ora bhAvuka hRdaya ko prakaTa karate haiM / unakI kRtiyA~ cAra bhASAoM meM haiM-saMskRta, prAkRta, gujarAtI aura hiNdii| ve tArkika the aura kavi bhii| unakI pratibhA gadya aura padya meM samAna rUpa se prakaTa huI hai| viSaya dRSTi se unakI racanAe~ vyApaka evaM sUkSma adhyayana ko pragaTa karatI haiN| Agama aura tarka ke

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atirikta anya viSayoM para bhI unakI racanAe~ milatI haiN| unameM karma, navatattva, AcAra Adi viSayaka graMtha bhAgamika sAhitya meM gine jAeMge aura pramANa, prameya, naya Adi viSayoM para jo graMtha haiM ve tarka sAhitya meM, maMgala, mukti, AtmA, yoga Adi viSayoM para jo graMtha haiM, unheM sAdhanA-sAhitya meM ginA jAyagA / vyAkaraNa, kAvya, chaMda alaMkAra Adi viSayoM para bhI unhoMne likhA hai / zailI kI dRSTi se unakI racanAe~ khaMDana, maMDana aura samanvaya tInoM prakAra kI haiN| unakA khaMDana sUkSma evaM vastulakSyI hai| sAdhanA-sAhitya meM jaina evaM jainetara dRSTiyoM kA samanvaya milatA hai, vahA~ bhagavadgItA evaM pAtaMjalayogadarzana kA jaina dRSTi ke sAtha paryAlocana kiyA gayA hai| unhoMne digaMbara AcArya vidyAnaMdakRta aSTasahastrI para bhI vyAkhyA likhI hai| isase unakI udAra dRSTi kA paricaya milatA hai| bhAratIya tarkazAstra meM do graMtha yugapravartaka mAne jAte haiN| prathama zrIharSa kA khaMDanakhaMDakhAdya hai / isakA saMbaMdha zAMkaravedAMta ke sAtha hai| kiMtu usameM khaMDana kI jo zailI hai, vaha isa bAta ko prakaTa karatI hai ki sUkSma dRSTi se dekhA jAya to kisI siddhAMta kI sthApanA nahIM ho sakatI / isI graMtha kA sahArA lekara advaita vedAMta bhanya darzanoM para hAvI ho gyaa| vAstava meM dekhAjAya to khaMDanakhaMDakhAdya meM jo zailI apanAI gaI hai, usakA prathama AviSkAra prasiddha bauddhAcArya nAgArjuna ne kiyA thA-jo zUnyavAda ke pravartaka mAne jAte haiN| unhoMne isa bAta kI sthApanA kI-'vizva ke saMbaMdha meM bAhya tathA AbhyaMtara,jaDa tathA cetana, nitya tathA anitya, satya tathA asatya samasta bAteM kalpanA mAtra haiN|' isI tathya kA unhoMne 'zUnya-zabda' dvArA pratipAdana kiyaa| khaMDanakhaMDakhAdya ne bhI unhIM yaktiyoM kA Azraya liyA / usakA prabhAva sabhI darzanoMpara par3A aura usa ne -yathArthavAdI paraMparAoM ko dabAdiyA / yazovijaya ne jaina dRSTi se khaMDanakhaMDakhAdya kI alocanA kI hai / 14 vIM zatAbdi meM gaMgeza nAmaka maithilavidvAn ne tattvacitAmaNinAmaka graMtha racA / isake sAtha dArzanika jagat meM navya-nyAya kA praveza huaa| isane dArzanika pratipAdana zailI ko sarvathA badala diyaa| uttaravartA samasta dArzanika sAhitya para isakI chApa hai| yazovijaya ne jaina darzana kA pratipAdana bhI navya-nyAya zailI para kiyaa| isa prakAra dArzanika jagata ko donoM navIna dhArAoM ko jaina-mAhitya meM pracalita kiyaa| jo unakI anupama dena hai| yazovijayaviracita graMthoM kI sUcI / labhyagraMtha-1) adhyAtmamataparIkSA (svopajJaTIkA) 2) adhyAtmasAraH 3) adhyAtmopaniSad 4) anekAMtavyavasthA 5) AdhyAtmikamatadalanam (svopajJaTIkA) 6) ArAdhakavirAdhakacaturbhagI (svopajJaTIkA) 7) aSTasahastrIvivaraNam 8) upadezarahasyam (sopajJaTIkA) 9) aiMdrastuticaturviMzatikA (svopajJaTIkA) 10) karmaprakRtiTIkA 11) gurutattvavinizcayaH 12) jJAnabiMdu 13)jJAnasAra: 14 jainatarkabhASA 15) devadharma-parIkSA 16) dvAtriMzadvAtrizikA (svopajJaTIkA) 17) dharmaparIkSA (svopajJaTokA) 18) dharmasaMgrahaTippaNam 19) nayapradIpaH (svopajJaTIkA) 20) nayopadezaH (svopajJanayAmRtataraMgiNI TIkA) 21) nayarahasyam 22) nizAbhaktaprakaraNam 23) nyAyakhaMDakhAdyam-vIrastavaH svorajJaTIkA 24) nyAyAlokaH 25) paramAtmAMcaviMzatikA 26) paramajyotipaMcaviMzatikA 27) pAtaMjalayogadarzanavivaraNam 28) pratimAzatakam (svopajJaTIkA) 29) bhASArahasyam (svopajJaTIkA) 30) mArgaparizuddhiH 31) yatilakSaNasamuccayaH 32) yogavizikATIkA 33) -vairAgyakalpalatA 34) yogadIpikA (SoDazakavRttiH ) 35) sAmAcArIprakaraNam (svopajJaTIkA) 36) syAdavAdakalpaLatA (zAstrAvArtAsamuccayaTIkA) 37) stotrAvaliH 38) saMkhezvarapArzvanAthastotram 39) samIkApAzvanAthastotram 40) Adijinastavanam, vijayaprabhasUrisvAdhyAyaH gohIpArzvanAthastotrAdiH, dravyAyayaktiH ityAdi

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___ apUrNalabhyagraMtha -1) aspRzadgativAdaH 2) utpAdavyayadhrauvyasiddhiTIkA 3) karmaprakRtilaghuvRttiH 4) kUSadRSTAMtavizadIkaraNam 5) jJAnArNavaHsaTIkaH 6) tiGantAnvayoktiH 7) tattvArthaTIkA - alabhyagraMtha-1) adhyAtmopadezaH 2) alaMkAracUDAmaNiTIkA 3) anekAMtapravezaH 4) AtmakhvAti: 5) AkaragraMthAH (?) 6) kAvyaprakAzaTIkA 7) jJAnasArAvaNiH 8) chaMdazcDAmaNiH 9) tattvAlokasvopajJavivaraNam 10) trisUzyAlokaH 11) dravyAlokasvopajJavivaraNam 12) nyAyAbiMduH13) pramANarahasyam 14) maMgalavAdaH 15) latAdvayam 16) vAdamAlA 17) vAdArNavaH 18) vAdarahasyam 19) vidhivAdaH 20) vedAM-- tanirNayaH 21) zaThaprakaraNam 22) siddhAMtatarkapariSkAraH 23) siddhAMtamaMjarITIkA 24) syAdvAdarahasyam 25) syAdvAdamaJjUSA (syAdvAdamaMjarITIkA) tarkabhASA kA saMkSipta paricaya nAmakaraNa tarkazAstra kA prAcIna nAma AnvIkSikI hai isakA artha hai-vaha vidyA jo prastAvita vastu kA anu-IkSaNa arthAt paryAlocana karatI hai| upaniSadoM meM isake lie manana zabda kA prayoga hotA thaa| vahA~ AtmasAkSAtkAra kI tIna zreNiyA~ batAI gaI haiN| prathama zravaNa hai, jisakA artha hai-zAstra yA dUsare kI bAta ko acchI taraha sunanA aura samajhanA : isa zreNI meM isI bAta para dhyAna rakhA jAtA hai ki dUsarA kyA kaha rahA hai / usake satyAsatya athavA aucityAnaucitya para dhyAna nahIM diyA jaataa| dUsarI zreNI manana hai / isakA artha hai-sunI huI bAta para tarkasaMgata vicAra / isameM vyakti apanI buddhi kA upayoga karatA hai / tRtIyazreNI nididhyAsana hai| isakA artha hai-jaba koI bAta parIkSaNakI kasauTI para kharI utare to use jIvanameM utAranekA prayatna / tarkazAstra ko hetu vidyA bhI kahA jAtA thaa| kiMtu AdhyAtmika paraMparAe~ ise Adara nahIM detI thiiN| unakI yaha mAnyatA rahI hai ki AtmA Adi atIMdriya tattvoM kA vAstavika jJAna zAstra ke dvArA hI ho sakatA hai| mAnava kI sAdhAraNa buddhi una taka nahIM phuNctii| ata: tarka yA hetu ko vahIM taka prazraya denA cAhie, jahA~ taka vaha zAstra kA samarthaka hai / zAstra ke viparIta calane para vaha upAdeya ke sthAna para heya ho jAtA hai| bhAratIya pramANa zAstra meM Agama arthAta zAstrIya bAtoM kA mahattvapUrNa sthAna hai / I. pU. dvitIya zatAbdi meM nAgArjuna nAmake prasiddha bauddha-AcArya hue| unhoMne svataMtra yuktivAda ke AdhAra para zUnyavAda kA samarthana kiyaa| zAstrArtha evaM bauddhikacarcA meM sahAyaka hone para bhI unakA yaktivAda jIvana kA aMga na bana sakA / bauddha dharma meM hI usakI prabala pratikriyA huii| jisake phalasvarUpa bhaktivAda aura yogAcAra paraMparA kA vikAsa huaa| bAdarAyaNa kA kathana hai ki tarka kahIM pratiSThita nahIM hotaa| unake 'tarkApratiSThAnAt' (brahmasUtra 2 / 2 ...) sUtra kI vyAkhyA karate hue zaMkarAcArya ne likhA hai ki eka tArkika Aja jisa bAta ko siddha karatA hai kala dUsarA usakA khaMDana kara DAlatA hai| tarka ke AdhAra para kisI vastu ko tabhI svIkAra kiyA jA sakatA hai, jaba bhUta, vartamAna aura bhaviSyat tInoM kAloM ke tArkika ikaTThe hokara nirNaya deM, kiMtu yaha saMbhava nahIM hai / ataH sAdhaka ke lie ekamAtra zAstra kA sahArA hai| tarkazAstra kA sarvaprathama sUtragraMtha maharSi gautama kA 'nyAyasUtra' hai / aSTama zatAbdi meM jayantabhaTTane nyAyamaJjarI nAmaka graMtha kI racanA kii| jaina-AcAryoM ne nyAya kI paribhASA meM kahA hai-'pramANanayararthaparIkSaNaM nyAyaH' arthAta pramANa aura naya ke dvArA kisI vastu kI parIkSA karanA nyAya hai| bauddha AcArya dharmakIrti ne apane tarkazAstrasaMbaMdhI sUtragraMtha kA nAma 'nyAyabiMdu' rakhA / isase jJAta hotA hai ki usa samaya tarkazAstra ke lie nyAyazabda pracalita thaa|

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cauthA 'zabda-pramANa' hai| sarvaprathama isakA prayoga bauddha-AcArya diGnAga (400 I.) ke graMthoM meM milavA hai| dharmakIrti ne isI nAma ko lekara pramANavArtikanAmaka prasiddha graMtha kI racanA kii| jaina evaM vaidika paraMparAoM meM bhI isa nAma kA prayoga milatA hai| AnvIkSikI se lekara aba taka jina nAmoM kA nirdeza kiyA gayA hai unakA saMbaMdha jJAna yA parIkSaNa ke upAya ke sAtha hai / jJeya ko lekara bhI kucha nAma milate haiM / isakA prAraMbha vaizeSika-mUtra se hotA hai, jisakA dUsarA nAma padArtha-dharma-saMgraha hai| isI AdhAra ko lekara prameyaratnAvalI. prameyakamalamArtaNDa, prameyaratnamAlA Adi nAma milate haiN| jaina paraMparA meM aura bhI kucha nAma milate haiN| prathama hai parIkSA zabda ko lekara, jaise priikssaamukh| dvitIya nAma hai syAdvAda ko lekara jaise syAdvAdaratnAkara, syAdavAdamaJjarI ityAdi / syAdvAda jainadarzana kI AdhArazilA hai| kucha nAma anekAMta ko lekara bhI milate haiM, jaise anekAMtajayapatAkA ityAdi / anekAMta jainatarkazAstra kI AdhArazilA hai| vimaladAsa kA saptabhaGgItaraGgiNInAmaka graMtha saptabhanI kI vyAkhyA ke rUpa jahA~ taka tarkazabda kA prazna hai jainaparaMparA meM sarvaprathama isakA prayoga siddhasena ne apane 'sanmatitarkaprakaraNa' meM kiyA / 12 vIM zatAbdi meM bauddha AcArya mokSAkara ne tarkabhASA nAmaka graMtha kI racanA kI, jo bauddha tarkazAstra kA prAraMbhika graMtha hai| 14 vIM zatAbdi meM kezavamizra ne nyAyadarzana ko lekara isI nAma kA graMtha racA / usake pazcAt annaM bhaTTa ne 'tarkasaMgraha' kI racanA kii| saMbhavatayA yazovijaya ne bhI inhIM se preraNA prApta karake apane graMtha kA nAma 'jaintrkbhaassaa'rkhaa| unhoMne apanI sAhitya-sAdhanA meM jina graMthabhAMDAroM kA upayoga kiyA thA, unameM bhI uparyukta 'tarkabhASA' nAmaka graMthoM kI hastalikhita pratiyA~ milI haiM, isase bhI prastuta dhAraNA kI puSTi hotI hai| 'tarka' zabda kA artha jaina AcAryoM ne tarka kI vyAkhyA vyAptijJAna ke rUpa meM kI hai| vyApti kA artha hai hetu aura sAdhya kA paraspara saMbaMdha / jahA~-jahA~ dhuA~ hai, agni avazya hogii| dhuA~ vyApya hai aura agni vyApaka / phalasvarUpa jahAM dhuMe kA astitva hai, vahA~ agni kA astitva avazya hogA / isI 'saMbaMdha' ko vyApti kahA jAtA hai aura isake jJAna ko tarka / jabataka yaha jJAna nahIM hotA, anumAna nahIM kiyA jA sakatA / ataH tarka anumAna kA jIvana hai| nyAyadarzana meM ise svataMtra pramANa nahIM mAnA gayA, kiMtu itane mAtra se usakA mahattva kama nahIM hotA / vahA~ bhI ise anumAna kA AdhAra mAnA gayA hai| nyAyadarzana tarka ko nIce likhe anusAra upasthita karatA hai "yadi dhUmo vahinavyApyo na syAt, vahinajanyo na syAt" arthAt yadi dhuA~ agni kA kArya hai to use agni kA vyApya bhI mAnanA hogaa| vyApyatA ke binA kAryatA kI saMbhAvanA nahIM ho sktii| isa prakAra hama dekhate haiM ki tarka anumAna kI AdhArazilA hai aura anumAna pramANazAstra kI / Agama evaM pratyakSa kA prAmANya bhI anumAna ke AdhAra para siddha kiyA jAtA hai| isIlie 'tarka' zabda ko itanA mahattva prApta ho gayA /

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racanAzalI mokSAkara ne apane tarkabhASA ko tIna paricchedoM meM vibhakta kiyA hai| prastuta graMtha bhI 'pramANa, naya aura nikSepa' nAmaka tIna paricchedoM meM vibhakta hai / yaha vibhAjana bhaTTAraka akalaMka ke laghIyastrayanAmaka graMtha kA smaraNa dilAtA hai| vaha bhI isI prakAra tIna pravezoM meM vibhakta hai| akalaMka ko jaina tarkazAstra kA saMsthApaka mAnA jAtA hai| yazovijaya ne usake graMthoM kA paryAlocana hI nahIM kiyA, kiMtu 'aSTasahastrI-vivaraNa nAmaka graMtha bhI racA, jo akalaMkakRta aSTazatI kI TIkA aSTasahastrI kA paryAlocana hai| isase sahaja anumAna ho sakatA hai ki yazovijaya ke mana meM akalaMka ke prati kitanI zraddhA thI? ladhIyastraya ke atirikta jainatarkaviSayaka koI graMtha nahIM hai, jisakA viSaya-vibhAjana pramANa, naya aura nikSepa ke rUpa meM milanA ho / laghIyastraya kI bahuta-sI paMktiyA~ bhI jainatarkabhASA meM jyoM kI tyoM milatI haiN| ina saba AdhAroM para kahA jA sakatA hai ki vahI isa graMtha-racanA kI preraNA kA srota hai| prAktana-kRtiyoM kA prabhAva 'jaina-tarkabhASA' para nIce likhI racanAoM kA prabhAva spaSTa jAna paDatA hai| 1) vizeSAvazyaka bhASya-yaha vizAlakAya graMtha AvazyakasUtra kI TIkA hai. jise AThasau I. meM jina. bhadragaNi kSamAzramaNa ne rcaa| aSTamazatAbdi taka Agamika sAhitya kA jo vikAsa huA, prastuta graMtha meM usakA vistRta pratipAdana milatA hai / Agamika viSayoM se saMbaddha uttaravartI samasta racanAe~ isake prabhAva ko prakaTa karatI haiN| vizeSAvazyaka bhASya meM pA~ca jJAna, naya aura nikSepoM kA vistRta pratipAdana hai| 2) pramANanayatattvAloka-ise 11 vIM zatAbdi meM prasiddha zvetAMbara AcArya vAdidevasUri ne racA, jo zvetAMbara paraMparA meM pramANa-viSayaka prathama sUtragraMtha hai| isa para unhIM kI 'syAdvAdaratnAkara' nAmaka vizAla TIkA hai jise jainatarkazAstra kA Akara graMtha kahA jAyagA / 3) kusumAMjali-yaha prasiddha naiyAyika udayana kI racanA hai / IzvarakartRtva Adi jina viSayoM ko lekara vaidika evaM avaidika paraMparAoM meM mukhya bheda haiM-kusumAMjali meM unakA vivecana milatA hai| 4) citAmaNi-yaha navyanyAya kA prathama graMtha hai, jise 14 vIM zatAbdi meM gaMgeza ne racA / isake sAtha bArzanika jagat meM nayeyuga kA praveza huaa| 5) nyAyadIpikA--yaha digaMbara AcArya dharmarAja kI saMkSipta racanA hai| jo jainadarzana meM praveza karane bAloM ke lie atyaMta upayogI hai| pratipAdanazailI prAMjala evaM sAragarbhita hai| 6) laghIyastraya--isakA nirdeza Upara AcukA hai| 7) tattvArthazlokavAtika--yaha tattvArthasUtrapara vidyAnaMda kI vistRta TIkA hai| jaina tarkabhASA meM pA~ca jJAna aura cAra nikSepoM kA jo varNana hai, usakA AdhAra vizeSAvazyaka bhASya hai / dUsarI ora pramANa aura nayoM kA pratipAdana syAdvAdaratnAkara ke AdhAra para hai / jaina-tarkabhASA kI mukhya vizeSatA yaha hai ki isameM Agamika evaM tArkika donoM paraMparAoM kA sundara samanvaya milatA hai| saMkSipta hone para bhI yazovijaya ne kisI tathya ko aspaSTa nahIM rahane diyaa|

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(7) - jahA~ taka pramANa aura naya kA prazna hai digaMbara tathA zvetAMbara paraMparAoM meM bheda nahIM hai| kiMtu nikSepa kI carcA donoM meM eka sI nahIM hai| akalaMkakRta laghIyastraya tathA usakI TIkA nyAyakumudacaMdra meM nikSepoM kI carcA hai. vizeSAvazyaka bhASya kI carcA usase bhinna hai| yazovijaya ne isI kA anusaraNa kiyA hai| aba hama jaina-tarkabhASA meM pratipAdita viSayoM kA saMkSipta digdarzana karAeMge / viSaya-paricaya tarkazAstra kA mukhya viSaya pramANa mAnA jAtA hai| jJAna kaise hotA hai, use samyak yA mithyA kina AdhAroM para nizcata kiyA jAtA hai, donoM ke kitane prakAra haiM ityAdi viSaya isake aMtargata haiN| zAstrArthayuga meM pratyakSa kI apekSA anumAna ko adhika mahattva mila gayA aura hetu-vidyA tarkazAstra kA mukhya viSaya bana gii| jaina darzana meM bhI ina saba bAtoM kI carcA kI hai| inake atirikta kucha bAteM usakI maulika dena haiN| usane tarkazAstra kA vibhAjana do kSetroM meM kiyA hai| prathama kSetra jJAna kA hai, jahA~ hama yaha jAnanA cAhate haiM ki vastu apane Apa meM kaisI hai| isameM bhI sApekSatA banI rahatI hai| udAharaNa ke rUpa meM caMdramA bahuta baDA hone para bhI choTA-sA dikhAI detA hai| nyAya vedAMta Adi darzana ise bhrama mAnate haiN| jaina darzana kA kathana hai ki yadi dUrI Adi apekSAoM ko dhyAna meM rakhA jAya to yaha jJAna bhrama nahIM hai| paristhiti-vizeSa meM vaha pratIti aisI hI hogii| inhIM apekSAoM ko dravya, kSetra, kAla tathA bhAva ke rUpa meM prakaTa kiyA jAtA hai| hamAre kucha nirNaya svArtha ko lakSya meM rakhate haiM, se zatru-mitra Adi / kucha sva ko, jaise eka hI vyakti kA pitA, putra, bhAI Adi honA / nyAyadarzana jJAna ko vastulakSyI mAnatA hai / dUsarI ora advaitavAdI paraMparAe~ AtmalakSyo kahAtI haiN| unakA kathana hai ki bAhya vastue~ kevala hamArI kalpanA haiM / jaivadarzana kA kathana hai ki pratyeka jJAna meM sva aura para donoM tattva mile rahate haiN| kisI kI upekSA karane para usameM prAmANya nahIM rhtaa| jaina-tarkazAstra kA dvitIya pratipAdya 'naya' hai jo usakI maulika dena hai| isakA mukhya saMbaMdha vyavahAra ke sAtha hai| hama eka hI vastu ko svArtha ke AdhAra para vibhinna dRSTiyoM se dekhate haiM / eka hI vyakti ko manuSya, brAhmaNa, devadatta, adhyApaka Adi zabdoM dvArA prakaTa kiyA jAtA hai| isa cunAva kA AdhAra tAtkAlika svArtha hotA hai / prANizAstra meM use manuSya kahA jAyagA, janagaNanA ke samaya puruSa, jAtigaNanA ke samaya brAhmaNa aura vyavasAya-gaNanA ke samaya adhyApaka / ye sabhI vyAkhyAeM apanI-apanI apekSA se satya haiN| kAvyazAstra meM zabdakI abhidhA ke atirikta lakSaNA evaM vyaMjanA nAmaka zaktiyoM ko bhI mAnA gayA hai / hama kahate haiM ki amuka vyakti baila hai / yaha ukti asatya nahIM hai| yahA~ baila kA artha hai-buddhihIna yA mUrkha / jainadarzana ina uktiyoM ko naigamanaya meM aMtarbhUta karatA hai, isI prakAra sAmAnyagrAhI tathA vizeSagrAhI samasta dRSTiyoM kA vibhAjana nayoM ke rUpa meM kiyA gayA hai| tIsarA tattva 'nikSepa' hai / naya nyUnAdhika mAtrA meM artha kI apekSA rakhatA hai, kiMtu bahuta se sthAna aise bhI hote haiM, jahA~ vyavahAra ke sAtha artha kA koI saMbaMdha nahIM hotA / udAharaNa ke rUpa meM hama aise vyakti kA nAma vAcaspati rakha dete haiM, jo sarvathA mUrkha hai| yahA~ yaha prazna hotA hai ki kyA use vAcasati kahanA asatya bhASaNa hai / patthara kI mUrti ko durgA, sarasvatI, viSNu Adi devI-devatAoM ke nAma se pukArA jAtA hai|

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(8) zataraMja ke moharoM ko hAthI, ghoDA, maMtrI Adi kahA jAtA hai| isake lie jainadarzana nikSepa kA siddhAMta upasthita karatA hai / yaha zabda kSip dhAtu se banA hai, jisakA artha pheMkanA hai / artha Adi kA paryAlocana kie binA zabda ko vastu para pheMkanA 'nikSepa' hai / naya meM vyavahAra kI pradhAnatA hotI hai, vaha nyUnAdhika mAtrA meM arthalakSyI hotA hai, kiMtu nikSepa meM artha kA dhyAna nahIM rahatA / tRtIya dravyanikSepa bhUta athavA bhAvI avasthAoM ko lekara calatA hai aura caturtha bhAvanikSepa vAstavikatA ko nikSepa kA siddhAMta bhI jainadarzana kI maulika dena hai | Agama sAhitya meM vyAkhyA kI paripATI meM inhIM nikSepoM kA Azraya liyA jAtA hai| udAharaNa ke rUpa meM jJAna kA pratipAdana karate samaya pahale nAma, sthApanA aura dravya ke rUpa meM isakA vivecana kiyA jAyagA aura isake pazcAt bhAvajJAna ke rUpa meM asalI vastu kA 1 yazovijaya se pahale AcAryoM ne mukhyatayA jJAna evaM pramANa kA vivecana kiyA hai| kisI-kisI ne naya para bhI likhA hai, kiMtu nikSepa ko tarkazAstra meM sammilita karanA yazovijaya kI maulika dena hai / indracaMdra zAstrI

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CH yagA - - - mahAmahopAdhyAyazrIyazovijayagalatI // jaina tarka bhASA // ( hindI-anuvAda-sahitA) 1. prmaannpricchedH| aindravRndanataM natvA jinaM tattvArthadezinam / pramANanayanikSepaistarkabhASAM tanomyaham / / (pramANasAmAnyasya lakSaNanirUpaNam / ) 1 tatra-svaparavyavasAyi jJAnaM pramANam-svam AtmA jJAnasyaiva svarUpamityarthaH, paraH tasmAdanyo'rtha iti yAvat, tau vyavasyati yathAsthitatvena nizcinotItyevaMzIlaM svaparavyavasAyi / 2 atra darzane'tivyAptivAraNAya jJAnapadam / saMzayaviparyayAnadhyavasAyeSu tadvAraNAya vyavasAyipadam / parokSabuddhayAdivAdinAM mImAMsakAdInAm, bAhyApalApinAM jJAnAdyadvaitavAdinAM ca matanirAsAya svapareti svarUpavizeSaNArthamuktam / ||AUM namaH siddhebhyaH // maMgalAcaraNa-indroMke samUha dvArA jinheM namaskAra kiyA gayA hai aura jo tattvArthakA upadeza karanevAle haiM, una jinendra bhagavAnko namaskAra karake pramANa, naya aura nikSepakA varNana karanevAle 'takaMbhASA' nAmaka granthako maiM racanA karatA hU~ / pramANakA svarUpa 1 'svaparavyavasAyijJAnaM pramANam' arthAt sva aura parako nizcayAtmaka rUpase jAnanevAlA jJAna pramANa kahalAtA hai / yahA~ 'sva' kA artha hai AtmA arthAt jJAnakA hI svarUpa aura 'para' kA artha hai jJAnase bhinna padArtha / tAtparya yaha hai ki jo jJAna apane svarUpako aura dUsare ghaTapaTa Adi padArthoMko samyak prakArase-nizcita rUpase jAnatA hai, vahI pramANa kahalAtA hai| 2 pramANake lakSaNameM 'jJAna' padakA samAveza isalie kiyA gayA hai ki darzana meM ativyApti

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jaina tarka bhASA 1 nanu yadyevaM samyagjJAnameva pramANamiSyate tadA kimanyat tatphalaM vAcyamiti cet, satyam ; svArthavyavasitereva tatphalatvAt / 2 nanvevaM pramANe svaparavyavasAyitvaM na syAt, pramANasya paravyavasAyitvAt phalasya ca svavyavasAyitvAditi cet, na; pramANa-phalayoH kathaJcidabhedena tdupptteH| 3 itthaM cAtmavyApArarUpamupayogendriyameva pramANamiti sthitam ; nAvyApta AtmA sparzAdiprakAzako bhavati, nirvyApAreNa kArakeNa kriyAjananAyogAt, masRNatUlikAdisannikarSeNa suSuptasyApi tatprasaMgAcca / na ho jaay| saMzaya, viparyaya aura anadhyavasAyameM ativyApti nivAraNa karaneke lie 'vyavasAyi' pada diyA gayA hai / jJAnako ekAnta parokSa mAnanevAle mImAMsakoMke matakA nirAsa karaneke lie tathA jJAnAntarase jJAnakA pratyakSa mAnanevAle yaugamatakA niSedha karaneke lie 'sva' zabda diyA gayA hai aura jJAnAdvaita, brahmAdvaita Adi advaitavAdI matoMkA niSedha karane ke lie 'para' zabdakA prayoga kiyA gayA hai; arthAt 'sva' zabdakA prayoga karake yaha dikhalAyA gayA hai ki jJAna na ajJAta rahatA hai aura na use jJAta karane ke lie dUsare jJAnakI AvazyakatA hI hotI hai / jJAna apane Apako Apa hI jAna letA hai| isI prakAra 'para' zabda prayukta karake yaha batalAyA gayA hai ki jagatmeM eka mAtra jJAna yA brahma tattva hI nahIM haiM, kintu unase bhinna ghaTapaTa Adi padArtha bhI haiM aura pramANabhUta jJAna vahI hai jo para-padArthoMko bhI padArtha rUpa meM jAnatA hai / 1 zaMkA-yadi samyagjJAnako hI pramANa mAna liyA jAya to pramANakA phala kyA hogA? samAdhAna- ThIka hai, kintu sva aura parakA vyavasAya hI pramANakA phala hai / 2 sva-paravyavasAyako pramANakA phala mAnanepara pramANa sva-paravyavasAyI na tthhregaa| kyoM ki pramANa sirpha paravyavasAyI hogA aura pramANakA phala sva-vyavasAyI / aisA samajhanA bhI ucita nahIM hai; kyoM ki pramANa aura phalameM kathaMcit abheda honese pramANameM sva-paravyavasAya ghaTita ho jAtA hai| 3 isase siddha huA ki AtmavyApArarUpa upayoga-indriya hI pramANa hai| AtmA jaba . taka upayoga-vyApArase yukta na ho taba taka sparza Adi viSayoMkA prakAzaka nahIM ho sktaa| vyApArase rahita kAraka ( karaNa) kriyAko utpanna nahIM kara sakatA / upayoga ( vyApAra) ke vinA jJapti saMbhava hotI to suSupta puruSako narama-narama rUI Adike sannikarSa mAtrase jJapti ho jaatii| kintu aisA kahIM dekhA nahIM jAtA, ataH upayoga-indriya hI pramANa hai|

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pramANaparicchedaH 1 kecittu- "tato'rthagrahaNAkArA shktirjnyaanmihaatmnH| karaNatvena nirdiSTA na viruddhA kathaMcana // " (tattvArthazlokavA0 1.1.22) iti-labdhIndriyamevArthagrahaNazaktilakSaNaM pramANa saGgirante; tadapezalam ; upayogAtmanA karaNena labdheH phale vyavadhAnAt, zaktInAM parokSatvAbhyupagamena karaga-phalajJAnayoH parokSapratyakSatvAbhyupagame prAbhAkaramatapravezAcca / atha jJAnazaktirapyAtmani svAzraye paricchinne dravyArthataH pratyakSeti na doSa iti cet, na; dravyadvArA pratyakSatvena sukhAdivat svasaMviditatvAvyavasthiteH, 'jJAnena ghaTaM jAnAmi' iti karaNollekhAnupapatteca; na hi kalazasamAkalanavelAyAM dravyArthataH pratyakSANAmapi kushuulkpaalaadiinaamullekho'stiiti| 1 koI-koI AcArya kahate haiM-ki "padArthoMko grahaNa karane vAlI AtmAkI zakti karaNa hai / use kathaMcit karaNa (pramANa) mAnane meM koI bAdhA nahIM hai / '' aisA kahanevAle padArthako grahaNa karanekI zaktirUpa labdhi-indriyako pramANa kahate haiN| kintu yaha ThIka nahIM hai, kyoMki labdhike phalameM upayogarUpa karaNase vyavadhAna par3a jAtA hai| arthAt labdhi-indriya jJaptimeM sAkSAt karaNa nahIM hai / kyoM ki labdhi honepara bhI upayogake vinA jJapti nahIM hotii| aura , jo jJaptimeM sAkSAt karaNa na ho use pramANa nahIM kahA jA sktaa| zaktiyA~ parokSa mAnI gaI haiN| ataH yadi zaktirUpa karaNajJAnako parokSa aura phalajJAna ko pratyakSa mAneMge to prAbhAkara matakA praveza ho jaaygaa| kadAcit yaha kahA jAya ki zaktike AdhArabhUta AtmAkA pratyakSa ho jAnepara dravyataH jJAnazaktikA bhI pratyakSa ho jAtA hai; to yaha kahanA bhI yogya nahIM hai / dravyataH pratyakSa ho jAne para bhI sukha AdikI taraha jJAna svasaMvedI nahIM ho sktaa| sukhake AdhArabhUta AtmAkA pratyakSa honepara jaise sukha AdikA dravyataH pratyakSa ho jAtA hai, phira bhI sukha svasaMvedI nahIM hotA, vaise hI jJAna bhI svasaMvedI nahIM ho skegaa| isake atirikta jJAnazaktiko yadi dravyataH pratyakSa honeke kAraNa svasaMvidita mAnA jAya to 'maiM jJAnake dvArA ghaTako jAnatA hU~' isa sthalapara jJAnakA ullekha ( pratyakSa ) nahIM honA cAhie; jaise ki ghaTakA pratyakSa hote samaya dravyase pratyakSa honevAle kuzUla, kapAla-Adi paryAyoMkA ullekha nahIM hotaa| abhiprAya yaha hai ki yadi upayogendriya (jJAna vyApAra) ke badale labdhIndriya (jJAnazakti) ko pramANa mAnA jAyagA to pramANakA pratyakSa nahIM ho sakegA; kyoM ki zakti parokSa mAnI jAtI hai / kadAcit yaha kahA jAya ki jJAnazaktike AzrayabhUta AtmAkA pratyakSa honese jJAnazakti kA bhI pratyakSa mAna liyA jAtA hai; to isa prakAra se pratyakSa honepara jJAnakA ullekha nahIM ho sakatA; ThIka usI prakAra jaise ghaTakA pratyakSa honepara dravyataH kuzUla, kapAla Adi paryAyoMkA bhI pratyakSa to hotA hai, kintu ghaTa-jJAnameM unakA ullekha nahIM hotaa|

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jaina tarka bhASA ( pratyakSaM lakSayitvA sAMvyavahArika pAramArthikatvAbhyAM tadvibhajanam / ) 1 tad dvibhedam - pratyakSam, parokSaM ca / akSam indriyaM pratigatam - kAryatvenAzritaM pratyakSam, athavA'znute jJAnAtmanA sarvArthAn vyApnotItyauNAdikanipAtanAt akSo jIvaH, taM pratigataM pratyakSam / na caivamavadhyAdau matyAdau ca pratyakSavyapadezo na syAditi vAcyam; yato vyutpattinimittamevaitat pravRttinimittaM tu ekArthasamavAyinA'nenopalakSitaM spaSTatAvattvamiti / spaSTatA cAnumAnAdibhyo'tirekeNa vizeSaprakAzanamityadoSaH / akSebhyo'kSAdvA parato vartata iti parokSam, aspaSTaM jJAnamityarthaH / , 2. pratyakSaM dvividham- sAMvyavahArikam, pAramArthikaM ceti / samIcIno bAdhArahito vyavahAraH pravRttinivRttilokAbhilApalakSaNaH saMvyavahAraH, tatprayojanakaM sAMvyavahArikam - apAramArthikamityarthaH, yathA asmadAdipratyakSam / taddhIndriyAnindriyavyavahitAtmavyApAra sampAdyatvAtparamArthataH parokSameva, dhUmAt agnijJAnavad vyavadhAnAvizeSAt / kiJca, asiddhAnaikAntikaviruddhAnumAnA bhAsavat saMzayaviparyayAnadhyavasAyasambhavAt, sadanumAnavat saMketasmaraNAdipUrvaka nizcayasambhavAcca paramArthataH parokSamevaitat / pratyakSa pramANakA lakSaNa 1 pramANake do bheda haiM- ( 1 ) pratyakSa aura ( 2 ) parokSa | akSa ke artha haiM - indriya aura AtmA / ataeva jo jJAna akSapara Azrita ho, indriyake dvArA yA AtmAke dvArA ho, vaha pratyakSa kahalAtA hai / zaMkA- yadi indriyAzrita jJAnako pratyakSa mAnA jAya to avadhijJAna Adi pratyakSa nahIM kahalA sakeMge, kyoMki ve indriyAzrita nahIM haiM / aura yadi AtmAzrita jJAnako pratyakSa mAnA jAya to matijJAna pratyakSa nahIM ThaharegA; kyoMki vaha AtmAzrita nahIM, indriyAzrita hai / samAdhAna- 'jo jJAna akSapara Azrita ho vaha pratyakSa hai, yaha kathana sirpha vyutpattinimittaka hai / pratyakSakA pravRttinimitta ' spaSTatA ' hai / arthAt jisa jJAnameM spaSTatA ho vahI vAstava meM pratyakSa hai| anumAna AdimeM prakAzita honevAle vizeSoMkI apekSA adhika vizeSoMkA prakAzana: honA spaSTatA kahalAtA hai / akSoMse yA akSa para jo jJAna hai vaha parokSa hai. arthAt jo jJAna aspaSTa ho use parokSa kahate haiM / pratyakSake bheda 2 pratyakSa do prakArakA hai - ( 1 ) sAMvyavahArika pratyakSa aura ( 2 ) pAramArthika pratyakSa / bAdhA rahita pravRtti - nivRtti aura logoMkA bolacAlarUpa vyavahAra saMvyavahAra kahalAtA hai| isa saMvyavahAra ke lie jo pratyakSa mAnA jAya vaha sAMvyavahArika pratyakSa hai / yaha apAramArthika pratyakSa hai /

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pramANaparicchedaH ( sAMvyavahArikapratyakSasya nirUpaNam, matizrutayovivekazca / ) 1 etacca dvibidham-indriyajam, anindriyajaM c| tatrendriyajaM cakSurAdijanitam, anindriyajaM ca manojanma / yadyapIndriyajajJAne'pi mano vyApipati; tathApi ttrendriysyaivaasaadhaarnnkaarnntvaaddossH| dvayamapIdaM matizrutabhedAd dvidhaa| tatrendriyamanonimittaM zrutAnanusAri jJAnaM matijJAnam, zrutAnusAri ca zrutajJAnam / zrutAnusAritvaM ca saMketaviSayaparopadezaM zrutagranthaM vA'nusRtya vAcyavAcakabhAvena saMyojya 'ghaTo ghaTaH' ityAdyantarjanyA (jalpA) kAragrAhitvam / 2 nanvevamavagraha eva matijJAnaM syAnnatvIhAdayaH,, teSAM zabdollekhasahitatvena zrutatvaprasaGgAditi cet, na; zrutanizritAnAmapyavagrahAdInAM kyoM ki hama (chadmastha) logoMkA pratyakSa, sAMvyavahArika pratyakSa-indriya aura manakI sahAyatAse, AtmAke vyApArase utpanna hotA hai, ataH vaha anumAnake samAna vAstavameM parokSa hI hai / indriyajanya aura manojanya jJAna vAstavameM parokSa haiM, kyoki unameM saMzaya, viparyaya aura anadhyavasAya ho sakate haiM, jaise asiddha viruddha aura anaikAntika anumAna / jaise zAbda-jJAna saMketa kI sahAyatAse hotA hai aura anumAna vyAptike smaraNase utpanna hotA hai, ataeva ve parokSa haiM, isI prakAra sAMvyavahArika pratyakSa indriya aura manase vyavahita AtmavyApArakI sahAyatAse utpanna hotA hai, ataeva vaha bhI parokSa hai| sAMvyavahArika pratyakSa aura matizruta jJAna 1 sAMvyavahArika pratyakSa do prakArakA hai-(1) indriyaja aura (2) anindriyaja / cakSu Adi indriyoMse utpanna honevAlA indriyaja kahalAtA hai aura manojanitako anindriyaja kahate haiM / yahA~ yaha bAta dhyAna rakhane yogya hai ki indriyajanita jJAna meM bhI manakA vyApAra hotA hai-manakI sahAyatAke vinA vaha nahIM ho sakatA, tathApi vahA~ mana sAdhAraNa kAraNa aura indriya asAdhAraNa kAraNa hai, ataeva use indriyaja kahane meM koI doSa nahIM hai / indriyaja aura anindriyaja-donoM prakArake jJAna matijJAna aura zrutajJAnake bhedase do-do prakArake haiN| jo jJAna indriya aura manake nimittase ho kintu zrutakA anusaraNa na karatA ho vaha matijJAna kahalAtA hai aura jo indriya-manojanya hote hue zrutakA anusaraNa kare vaha zrutajJAna kahalAtA hai / saMketa karanevAle paropadeza athavA zrutagraMthakA anusaraNa karake, vAcya-vAcakabhAvakA saMyojana karake, 'ghaTa ghaTa', isa prakArake antarjalpake AkArako grahaNa karanevAlA jJAna zrutAnusAri yA zrutakA anusaraNa karanevAlA kahalAtA hai| zaMkA-isa prakAra vyAkhyA karanese to avagraha hI matijJAna kahalAegA, IhA Adi nahIM kyoMki IhAdi zabdollekhase sahita honeke kAraNa zrutajJAna ho jaaeNge|

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bana taka bhASA saMketakAle zrutAnusAritve'pi vyavahArakAle tadanusAritvAt, abhyAsapATavavazena zrutAnusaraNamantareNApi vikalpaparamparApUrvakavividhavacanapravRttidarzanAt / aMgopAMgAdau zabdAdyavagrahaNe ca zrutAnanusAritvAnmatitvameva, yastu tatra zrutAnusArI pratyayastatra zrutatvamevetyavadheyam / ( matijJAnasya avagrahAdibhedena cAturvidhyaprakaTanam / ) 1 matijJAnam-avagrahehApAyadhAraNAbhedAccaturvidham / avakRSTo grahaH-avagrahaH / sa dvividhaH-vyaJjanAvagrahaH, arthAvagrahazca / vyajyate prakaTIkriyate'rtho'neneti vyaJjanam-kadambapuSpagolakAdirUpANAmantanivRttIndriyANAM zabdAdiviSayaparicchedahetuzaktivizeSalakSa gamupakaraNendriyam,zabdAdipariNatadravya nikurumbam,tadubhayasambandhazca / tato vyaJjanena vyaJjanasyAvagraho vyaJjanAvagraha iti madhyamapadalopI smaasH| 2 atha ajJAnam ayaM badhirAdInAM zrautrazabdAdisambandhavat tatkAle jJAnAnupalambhAditi cet samAdhAna-zrutanizrita avagraha Adi bhI jaba saMketakA jJAna karAte haiM, taba zrutAnusAri hote haiM / vyavahAra kAlameM to unheM zrutake anusaraNakI AvazyakatA nahIM hotI / abhyAsakI ati paTutAke kAraNa, zrutAnusaraNa na hote hue bhI kevala vikalpoMkI paramparAke AdhArase vividha prakArake zabdoMkI pravRtti dekhI jAtI hai / aMga-upAMga Adi zAstroMkA zabdaviSayaka avagraha Adi zrutAnusAri nahIM hotA, ataeva vaha matijJAna hI hai, kintu una zabdoMke bodhake bAda jo arthajJAna hotA hai, vaha zrutAnusAri honese zrutajJAna kahA jAtA hai| . matijJAna ke bheda 1 matijJAna cAra prakArakA hai- avagraha, IhA, apAya, aura dhaarnnaa| avagrahake do bheda haiM-vyaMjanAvagraha aura arthAvagraha / jisake dvArA artha vyakta-prakaTa kiyA jAya vaha 'vyaMjana' kahalAtA hai / vyaMjanake tIna artha haiN| ?-kadambake phUla tathA golaka Adi Abhyantara nirvRttirUpa indriyoMkI za da Adi viSayoMko grahaNa karanekI kAraNabhUta zakti, jise upakaraNendriya kahate haiM, 'vyaMjana' kahalAtI hai / 2 zabda Adike rUpameM pariNata pudgala dravyoMkA samUha bhI vyaMjana kahalAtA hai 3) tathA upakaraNendriya aura viSayakA saMbaMdha bhI vyaMjana kahalAtA hai / ataeva vyaMjana ( upakaraNendriya ) ke dvArA vyaMjana (viSaya ) kA grahaNa honA vyaMjanAvagraha hai / vyaMjanAvagrahameM madhyamapadalopI samAsa hai, arthAt 'vyaMjanavyaMjanAvagraha' mese bIcake 'vyaMjana' padakA lopa ho gayA hai / 2 zaMkA-jase bahire AdamIke kAnoMke sAtha zabdakA saMbaMdha honepara bhI jJAna utpanna nahIM hotA, usI prakAra vyaMjanAvagrahake samaya bhI jJAnotpatti nahIM hotI, ataH vyaMjanAvagraha jJAna nahIM, ajJAna hai|

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pramANaparicchedaH na; jJAnopAdAnatvena tatra jJAnatvopacArAt, ante'rthAvagraharUpajJAnadarzanena tatkAle'pi ceSTAvizeSAdyanumeyasvapnajJAnAditulyAvyaktajJAnAnumAnAdvA ekatejo'vayavavat tasya tanutvenAnupalakSaNAt / ( vyaJjanAvagrahasya cAtuvidhyapradarzane manazcakSuSoraprApyakAritvasamarthanam / ) / 1 sa ca nayana-manovarjendriyabhedAccaturdhA, nayana-manasoraprApyakAritvena vyajanAvagrahAsiddhaH, anyathA tayorjeyakRtAnugrahopaghAtapAtratve jalAnaladarzana-cintanayoH kleda-dAhApatteH / ravi-dandrAdyavalokane cakSuSo'nugrahopaghAtau dRSTAveveti cet, na; prathamAvalokanasamaye tadadarzanAt, anavaratAvalokane ca prAptena ravikiraNAdinopaghAtasyA(sya), naisargikasaumyAdiguNe candrAdau cAvalokite upaghAtAbhAvAdanugrahAbhimAnasyopa samAdhAna-vyaMjanAvagraha jJAnakA upAdAna hai, ataeva vaha bhI upacArase jJAna hai| isake atirikta vyaMjanAvagrahake antameM arthAvagraharUpa jJAnakI utpatti dekhI jAtI hai, ata: vyaMjanAvagrahake kAla meM bhI ceSTAvizeSase anumAna karane yogya svapnajJAnakI taraha avyakta jJAnakA anumAna hotA hai / tAtparya yaha hai ki jaise svapna ke samaya vibhinna prakArakI ceSTAoMko dekhanese jJAnakA anumAna hotA hai, usI prakAra vyaMjanAvagrahake samaya bhI avyakta jJAnakA anumAna hotA hai / jaise agnikA eka sUkSma kaNa vidyamAna honepara bhI anubhavameM nahIM AtA, usI prakAra vyaMjanAvagrahakAlIna jJAna bhI ati sUkSma honeke kAraNa mAlUma nahIM hotaa| ___ vyaMjanAvagraha 1 cakSu aura manako choDakara zeSa cAra indriyoMse utpanna honeke kAraNa vyaMjanAvagraha cAra prakArakA hai| cakSu aura manake aprApyakArI honese unase vyaMjanAvagraha nahIM hotaa| ina donoMko yadi prApyakArI mAnA jAya to jJeya padArthajanita anugraha aura upaghAtakA pAtra bhI unheM mAnanA pddegaa| aisI sthiti meM jalako dekhanese A~kha meM gIlApana A jAyagA aura agniko dekhanese dAha hogaa| isI prakAra manase jalakA cintana karanepara ArdratA aura agnikA cintana karanepara dAha honA caahie| zaMkA-sUrya aura candra AdikA avalokana karanepara netrakA anugraha aura upaghAta hotA hai / ataH cakSuko prApyakArI kyoM na mAnA jAya ? samAdhAna-cakSu prApyakArI hotI to sUrya aura candramAko dekhaneke prathama kSaNameM hI upaghAta aura anugraha hotA; kintu aisA hotA nahIM hai, ataH vaha prApyakArI nahIM hai| hA~, lagAtAra dekhate rahane se, A~kha ke sAtha sUryakI kiraNoMkA saMsparza hotA hai aura usase upaghAta hotA hai| aura candramA Adi svabhAvataH saumya padArthoMko dekhane para upaghAta na hone ke kAraNa anugrahakA qhayAla mAtra utpanna hotA hai|

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jaina tarka bhASA ptteH| mRtanaSTAdivastucintane, iSTasaMgamavibhavalAbhAdicintane ca jAyamAnau daurbalyoraH kSatAdi-vadanavikAsaromAJcodgamAdiliMgakAvupaghAtAnugrahau na manasaH, kintu manastvapariNatAniSTeSTapudgala nicayarUpadravyamano'vaSTambhena hRnniruddhavAyubheSajAbhyAmiva jIvasyaiveti na tAbhyAM manasaH praapykaaritvsiddhiH| nanu yadi mano viSayaM prApya na paricchinatti tadA kathaM prasuptasya 'mervAdau gataM me manaH' iti pratyaya iti cet, na; mervAdau zarIrasyeva manaso gamanasvapnasyAsatyatvAt, anyathA vibuddhasya kusumaparimalAdyadhvajanitaparizramAdyanugrahopaghAtaprasaMgAt / nanu svapnAnubhUtajinasnAtradarzana-samIhitArthAlAbhayoranugrahopaghAtau vibudha (kha) sya sato dRzyate eveti cet; dRzyetAM svapnavijJAnakRtau tau, svapnavijJAnakRtaM kriyAphalaM tu tRptyAdikaM nAsti, yato viSayaprAptirUpA prApyakAritA manaso yujyateti brUmaH / kriyAphalamapi svapne vyaJjanavi priya svajanakI mRtyu aura iSTa vastuke vinAzake cintanase jo durbalatA, ura:kSata Adi manakA upaghAta hotA hai, athavA iSTa vastuke lAbha aura vaibhava AdikI prAptikA cintana karanese vadanavikAsa aura romAMca ho jAne Adise pratIta honevAlA anugraha hotA hai, vaha upaghAta aura anugraha manakA nahIM hotA; kintu manarUpase pariNata zubha-azubha pudgala-piMDarUpa dravya manakI sahAyatAse jIvakA hotA hai / jaise hRdayameM vAyuke ruka jAnese jIvakA upaghAta aura auSadhase jIvakA anugraha hotA hai, usI prakAra iSTa-aniSTake cintanase bhI jIvakA hI anugraha aura upaghAta hotA hai / ataeva isa prakArake anugraha aura upaghAtase mana prApyakArI siddha nahIM hotaa| ___zaMkA- yadi mana viSayako sparza karake nahIM jAnatA to supta puruSako aisA bhAna kyoM hotA hai ki- 'merA mana meru Adi para gayA' ? samAdhAna-jaise meru para zarIrake jAnekA svapna asatya hai usI prakAra manake merugamanakA svapna bhI asatya hai / zarIrake merugamanakA svapna asatya na ho to nandanavanake puSpoMke saurabha Adike kAraNa anugraha aura mArga calaneke parizramake kAraNa thakAvaTakA anubhava honA caahie| zaMkA- svapnameM anubhUta jina bhagavAnke abhiSekako dekhanese aura iSTa arthakI aprAptise, jAgane para bhI anugraha aura upaghAta dekhA jAtA hai / isakA kyA kAraNa hai ? samAdhAna-vaha anugraha aura upaghAta svapnameM honevAle vijJAnase hote haiM, svapnase nahIM, kintu svapna-vijJAnadvArA kI jAne vAlI kriyAkA tRpti Adi phala nahIM hotA hai jisase ki manakI viSayaprAptirUpa prApyakAritA siddha ho sake ! zaMkA-svapnameM strIsaMbhoga karanese vIryapAtarUpa kriyA-phala bhI to dekhA jAtA hai ?

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pramANaparicchedaH sargalakSaNaM dRzyata eveti cet tat tIvAdhyavasAyakRtam, na tu kAminInidhuvanakriyAkRtamiti ko doSaH ? nanu styAdhinidrodaye gItAdikaM zRNvato vyaJjanAvagraho manaso'pi bhavatIti cet, na; tadA svapnAbhimAnino'pi shrvnnaadyvgrhennaivopptteH| nanu 'cyavamAno na jAnAti' ityAdivacanAt sarvasyApi chadmasthopayogasyAsaGkhayeyasamayamAnatvAt, pratisamayaM ca manodravyANAM grahaNAt viSayamasamprAptasyApi manaso dehAdanirgatasya tasya ca svasannihitahRdayAdicintanavelAyAM kathaM vyaJjanAvagraho na bhavatIti cet, zRNu; grahaNaM hi manaH, na tu grAhyam / grAhyavastugrahaNe ca vyaJjanAvagraho bhavatIti na manodravyagrahaNe tadavakAzaH; sannihitahRdayAdidezagrahavelAyAmapi naitadavakAzaH; bAhyArthApekSayava prApyakAritvAprApyakAritvavyavasthAnAt, kSayopazamapATavena manasaH prathamamarthAnupalabdhikAlAsambhavAdvA; zrotrAdIndriyavyApArakAle samAdhAna-strIsaMbhoga-saMbaMdhI tIvra adhyavasAyake kAraNa hI vIryapAtarUpa kriyA-phala hotA, hai, strIprasaMgakI kriyAse nhiiN| zaMkA-styAnadhi nidrAkA udaya honepara gIta Adi sunanevAleko manase bhI vyaMjanAvagraha hotA hai| samAdhAna-yaha samajhanA ThIka nahIM hai| kyoMki styAnadhi nidrAke samaya gIta Adi sunane vAleko zrotra Adi indriyoMse hI avagraha hotA hai; bhale hI vaha use svapna mAnatA hai; kintu manase use vyaMjanAvagraha nahIM hotaa| zaMkA-'cyavamAno na jAnAti' isa AgamavAkyase chadmastha jIvakA upayoga asaMkhyAta samayaparimANa vAlA siddha hai aura unameMse pratyeka samayameM manodravyoMkA grahaNa hotA hai; ( vaha dravya tathA unakA grahaNa saMbaMdha hI vyaMjana hai) ataH manase bhI vyaMjana siddha hotA hai| isake atirikta mana bhale hI viSayako sparza na kare aura dehase bAhara na nikale, phira bhI apane sAtha saMbaddha hRdaya AdikA cintana karate samaya vyaMjanAvagraha kyoM nahIM hogA ? ___samAdhAna-suno! mana grahaNa hai arthAt grAhaya vastuko grahaNa karane meM karaNa hai, vaha svayaM grAhaya nahIM hai / vyaMjanAvagraha to grAhya vastuko grahaNa karane para hotA hai / arthAt jina manodravyoMke grahaNase vyaMjanAvagraha siddha karanekA prayatna kiyA gayA hai, ve manodravya grAhya na honese unake grahaNa ke kAraNa vyaMjanAvagraha siddha nahIM hotaa| apane sAtha sambaddha hRdaya Adi pradezoMkA grahaNa karate samaya bhI vyaMjanAvagrahake lie avakAza nahIM; kyoMki bAhya padArthoMkI apekSA hI prApyakAritA yA aprApyakAritAkI vyavasthA hotI hai / zrotra Adi indriyoMkA kSamopazama paTu nahIM hotA, ataeva pahalepahala ve arthakI upalabdhi nahIM kara pAtIM, parantu manakA kSayopazama paTu hone ke kAraNa pahale arthakI anupalabdhikA kAla saMbhava nahIM hai| vaha prathama samayameM hI

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jaina tarka bhASA spi manovyApArasya vyaJjanAvagrahottaramevAbhyupagamAt, 'manute'rthAn manyante'rthAH aneneti vA manaH' iti manaHzabdasyAnvarthatvAt, arthabhASaNaM vinA bhASAyA iva arthamananaM vinA manaso'pravRtteH / tadevaM nayanamanasorna vyaJjanAvagraha iti sthitam / ( arthAvagrahasya nirUpaNam / ) 1 svarUpanAmajAtikriyAguNadravyakalpanArahitaM sAmAnyagrahaNam arthAvagrahaH / kathaM tarhi 'tena zabda ityavagRhItaH' iti sUtrArthaH, tatra zabdAdyullekharAhityAbhAvAditi cet; na; 'zabda' iti vaktraiva bhaNanAt, rUparasAdivizeSavyAvRttyanavadhAraNaparatvAdvA / 10 artha kI upalabdhi karane meM samartha ho jAtA hai; isa kAraNa manase vyaMjanAvagraha na hokara sIdhA arthAvagraha hI hotA hai / kevala mAnasika avagraha ke lie yaha bAta nahIM hai, kintu zrotrAdi indriyoM ke vyApArake samaya bhI manakA vyApAra hotA hai, kintu zrotrAdijanita vyaMjanAvagrahake pazcAt ( arthAvagrahake samaya meM hI ) manakA vyApAra mAnA gayA hai / jo padArthoM kA manana karatA hai yA jisake dvArA padArthoMkA manana kiyA jAtA hai, vaha mana kahalAtA hai / isa prakAra mana zabda sArthaka hotA hai / arthAt vyaMjanAvagrahake samaya padArthakI upalabdhi na honepara bhI manakA vyApAra mAnA jAya to mana zabdakI yaha sArthakatA nahIM rahegI / ataeva jaise arthake bhASaNake binA bhASAkI pravRtti nahIM hotI, usI prakAra arthake mananake vinA manakI pravRtti nahIM hotI / abhiprAya yaha hai ki mana pravRtta hote hI arthakI upalabdhi karatA hai, aura arthakI upalabdhi vyaMjanAvagrahameM nahIM, arthAvagrahameM prAraMbha hotI hai, ataeva manase vyaMjanAvagraha mAnanA yogya nahIM / isa prakAra yaha siddha huA ki nayana aura manase vyaMjanAvagraha nahIM hotA / arthAvagraha 1 svarUpa, nAma, jAti, kriyA, guNa aura dravyakI kalpanA ( zabdollekha- yogya pratIti ) se rahita sAmAnyakI upalabdhi arthAvagraha hai / arthAt jisa jJAnameM sAmAnya mAtrAkI pratIti ho, para jisakI pratIti huI hai, usakA svarUpa kyA hai, nAma kyA hai, jAti kyA hai, kriyA yA guNa kyA hai, vaha kyA dravya hai, ye vizeSa pratIta na hoM, vaha jJAna arthAvagraha kahalAtA hai / zaGkA - agara arthAvagrahameM zabdollekha yogya pratIti na hokara kevala sAmAnya ho kI pratIti hotI hai, to nandI sUtra meM arthAvagrahakI prarUpaNA karate hue jo kahA gayA hai ki 'usane 'zabda' aisA grahaNa kiyA ( sUtrapATha - se jahAnAmae kei purise avvattaM saddaM suNejjA, 'teNaM saddetti uggahie' na uNa jANai ke vesa saddAitti / ' ) vaha kathana kaise saMgata hogA ? kyoMki yaha pratIti zabdollekhase rahita nahIM hai / samAdhAna--'usane zabda grahaNa kiyA' yahA~ zabdakI jo bAta kahI gaI hai so vaktA (prarUpaka) ne apanI ora se kahI hai, jAnanevAlA nahIM jAnatA ki yaha 'zabda' hai / athavA rUpa

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pramANaparicchedaH 11 yadi ca 'zabdo'yam' ityadhyavasAyo'vagrahe bhavet tadA zabdollekhasyAntarmuhartikatvAdAvagrahasyaikasAmA (ma) yikatvaM bhajyeta / syAnmatam-'zabdo'yam' iti sAmAnyavizeSagrahaNamapyarthAvagraha iSyatAm, taduttaram-'prAyo mAdhuryAdayaH zaGkhazabdadharmA iha, na tu zAjadharmAH kharakarkazatvAdayaH' itIhotpatteH-iti; maivam ; azabdavyAvRttyA vizeSapratibhAsenAsyA'pAyatvAt stokagrahaNasyottarottarabhedApekSayA'vyavasthitatvAt / kizza, 'zabdo'yam' iti jJAna (naM) zabdagatAnvayadharmeSu rUpAdivyAvRttiparyAlocanarUpAmIhAM vinA'nupapannam, sA ca nAgRhIte'rthe sambhavatIti tadgrahaNaM asmadabhyupagatArthAvagrahakAlAt prAk pratipattavyam, sa ca vyaJjanAvagrahakAlo'rthaparizUnya iti ytkishcidett| nanvanantaram-'ka eSa zabdaH' iti zabdatvAvAntaradharmaviSayakehAnirdezAt 'zabdo'yam' ityAkAra evAvagraho'bhyupeya iti cet ; na; 'zabdaH zabdaH' iti bhASakeNava bhaNanAt rasa Adise vyAvRtti na hone ke kAraNa zabdarUpase anizcita zabda vastuko grahaNa karatA. hai| arthAt zabdako grahaNa karanepara bhI grahaNa karanevAlA yaha nahIM jAnatA ki maiM zabdako grahaNa kara rahA huuN| isa kAraNa sUtra meM ukta kathana kiyA gayA hai| agara 'yaha zabda hai' aisA adhyavasAya avagrahameM mAna liyA jAya to zabdake ullekhameM antarmuhUrta lagatA hai, ataH arthAvagraha kA kAla bhI antarmuhUrta hogaa| aisI sthitimeM vaha ekasAmayika nahIM rhegaa| zaGkA--'yaha zabda hai' isa prakAra ke sAmAnya-vizeSa (apara sAmAnya) ke grahaNa ko bhI arthAvagraha mAna liijie| usake bAda isameM zaMkha-zabdake dharma madhuratA Adi mAlUma hote haiM, zRMgazabdake dharma kharatA, karkazatA, Adi nahIM' isa prakArase IhAkI utpatti hotI haiM / , samAdhAna-aisA nahIM / ' yaha zabda hai' aisA jJAna azabda (rUpa rasa Adi) kI vyAvRtti honepara utpanna hotA hai, ataeva vizeSa kA jJAna honese vaha apAya hai| raha gaI yaha bAta ki isameM stoka (thoDe) vizeSa mAlUma hote haiM, ata: yaha apAya nahIM hai, so Age-Ageke jJAnoM kI apekSA pahale-pahale ke sabhI jJAna thoDe vizeSoM ko jAnate haiN| ataH stokagrahaNa avyavasthita-aniyata hai| isake atirikta zabdagata anvaya dharmomeM, rUpa rasa AdikI vyAvRttikI paryAlocanArUpa IhAke binA yaha zabda hai' isa prakAra kA jJAna nahIM ho sktaa| IhA, anavagahIta padArthameM ho nahIM sakatI, ataeva sAmAnyakA grahaNa hamAre mAne hae arthAvagrahake kAlase pahale hI mAnanA cAhie / magara arthAvagrahase pahalekA kAla vyaMjanAvagrahakA hI kAla hai aura vaha artha-pratItise zUnya hotA hai / zaGkA-nandIsUtrameM, arthAvagrahake bAda 'yaha kauna-sA zabda hai' isa prakArake zabdatvasAmAnyake avAntara ( vizeSa ) dharmasaMbaMdhI IhAkA nirdeza kiyA gayA hai, ataeva isa IhAse pahale 'yaha zabda hai' isI prakArakA zabdatvasAmAnyakA grAhI avagraha mAnanA caahie| .

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jaina tarka bhASA arthAvagrahe'vyaktazabdazravaNasyaiva sUtre nirdezAt, avyaktasya ca sAmAnyarUpatvAdanAkAropayogarUpasya cAsya tanmAtraviSayatvAt / yadi ca vyaJjanAvagraha evAvyaktazabdagrahaNamiSyeta tadA so'pyarthAvagrahaH syAt, arthasya grahaNAt / 1 kecittu-'saMketAdivikalpavikalasya jAtamAtrasya bAlasya sAmAnyagrahaNam, paricitaviSayasya tvAdyasamaya eva vizeSajJAnamityetadapekSayA 'tena zabda ityavagRhItaH' iti nAnupapannam'-ityAhuH; tanna; evaM hi vyaktatarasya vyaktazabdajJAnamatikramyApi subahuvizeSagrahaprasaGgAt / na ceSTApattiH; 'na punarjAnAti ka eSa zabdaH' iti sUtrAvayavasyAvizeSaNoktatvAt, prakRSTamaterapi zabdaM minnmgRhiitvottrottrsubhudhrmgrhnnaanupptteshc| ___ anye tu-'AlocanapUrvakamarthAvagrahamAcakSate, tatrAlocanamavyaktasAmAnyagrAhi, arthAvagrahastvitaravyAvRttavastusvarUpagrAhIti na sUtrAnupapattiH'-iti; tadasat; samAdhAna-'zabda' 'zabda' aisA to prarUpaka hI apanI taraphase kahatA hai, arthAvagrahameM to avyakta ( aspaSTa ) zabdakA zravaNa honA hI sUtrameM kahA gayA hai / avyakta vastu sAmAnyarUpa hI hotI hai aura nirAkAra upayoga sAmAnyako hI viSaya karatA hai, agara vyaMjanAvagrahameM hI avyakta zabdakA grahaNa mAna liyA jAya to vaha bhI arthAvagraha ho jAyagA. kyoMki usane artha (sAmAnya) kA grahaNa kiyA hai 1 koI-koI aisA kahate haiM ki jo saMketa Adi vikalpoMse rahita hai, arthAt jisane zabda aura arthakA saMketa nahIM samajhA hai, aisA tatkAla janmA haA bAlaka sirpha sAmAnyako grahaNa karatA hai, kintu jo viSayase paricita hai, use pahale samayameM hI vizeSakA jJAna ho jAtA hai / isI apekSAse usane 'zabda' grahaNa kiyA, yaha kahA gayA hai| ataeva yaha kathana ayukta nahIM hai / unakA yaha kahanA bhI ThIka nahIM, isa taraha to jo jyAdA samajhadAra hai-vidvAn hai- vaha vyakta zabdajJAnase bhI Age bar3ha kara zabdagata bahuta se vizeSoMko grahaNa karane laga jaaygaa| agara koI kahe ki yaha to iSTApatti hI hai, arthAta hama aisA mAnate hI haiM, so ThIka nahIM, kyoMki isa sUtrameM Age yaha bhI kahA gayA hai ki vaha yaha nahIM jAnatA ki kisakA kyA yaha zabda hai?" sUtrakA yaha bhAga sabhI-nAsamajha-samajhadAra ke lie samAnarUpase hI kahA gayA hai, sirpha nAsamajhake lie nahIM / ataeva ati utkRSTa buddhivAlA bhI zabdadharmI ( sAmAnya ) ko grahaNa kiye vinA uttarottara bahuta-se dharmoM ko-madhuratA-karkazatA Adi ko nahIM grahaNa kara sktaa| koI-koI kahate haiM-arthAvagraha AlocanapUrvaka hotA hai, isameM aprakaTa sAmAnya (zabdamAtra) ko grahaNa karanevAlA Alocana hotA hai aura anyavyAvRtta vastu ( yathA rUpa rasa Adise bhinna zabda ) ke sparUpa ko arthAvagraha grahaNa karatA hai| aisI vyAkhyA karanese nandI sUtrakA ukta kathana ThIka baiTha jAtA hai|

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pramANaparicchedaH yata AlocanaM vyaJjanAvagrahAt pUrva syAt, pazcAdvA, sa eva vA ? nAdyaH; artha-- vyaJjanasambandhaM vinA tadayogAt / na dvitIyaH; vyaJjanAvagrahAntyasamaye'rthAvagrahasyavotpAdAdAlocanAnavakAzAt / na tRtIyaH; vyaJjanAvagrahasyaiva nAmAntarakaraNAt, tasya caarthshuunytvenaarthaalocnaanupptteH| kiJca, AlocanenehAM vinA jhaTityevArthAvagrahaH kathaM janyatAm ? yugapaccehAvagrahau pRthagasaGghayasamayamAnau kathaM ghaTetAm ? iti vicAraNIyam / 1. nanvavagrahe'pi kSipretarAdibhedapradarzanAdasaGkhyasamayamAnatvam, vizeSaviSayatvaM cAviruddhamiti cenna; tattvatasteSAmapAyabhedatvAt, kAraNe kAryopacAramAzrityAvagrahabhedatvapratipAdanAt, avizeSaviSaya vizeSaviSayatvasyAvAstavatvAt / 2-athavA avagraho dvividhaH-naizcayikaH; vyaavhaarikshc| AdyaH sAmA __ unakA yaha kathana satya nahIM hai| yaha arthAvagrahakA kAraNa jo Alocana Apane kahA,vaha vyaMjanAvaprahase pUrva hotA hai, pazcAt hotA hai athavA vyaMjanAvagraha hI Alocana hai ? vyaMjanAvagrahase pahale to vaha ho nahIM sakatA kyoMki artha evaM vyaMjanakA saMbaMdha honese pahale Alocana saMbhava nahIM aura artha-vyaMjanakA saMbaMdha vyaMjanAvagraha hai| vyaMjanAvagrahake bAda AlocanakA honA bhI ThIka nahIM, kyoMki vyaMjanAvagrahake aMtima samayameM arthAvagraha utpanna ho jAtA hai| ina donoMke bIcameM Alocanake lie koI avakAza-samaya hI nahIM hai / agara tIsarA pakSa svIkAra kiyA jAya to vyaMjanAvagrahakA hI dUsarA nAma Alocana hogA, kintu vyaMjanAvagraha arthajJAna-zUnya hotA hai, ataeva vaha alocana nahIM ho sakatA / dUsarI bAta yaha hai ki IhAke vinA jhaTa-se Alocana arthAvagrahako kaise uppanna kara degA? kadAcit kaho ki avagraha aura IhA, donoM sAtha-sAtha ho jAte haiM to kathana ghaTita nahIM ho sakatA / socanA cAhie ki donoMkA samaya asaMkhyAta-asaMkhyAta samayakA hai, to donoM eka sAtha kaise ho sakeMge ? 1. zaMkA-avagrahameM bhI kSipragrAhI akSipragrAhI Adi bheda dikhalAye jAe~ge, ataeva vaha mAnane meM koI virodha nahIM hai ki avagrahakA bhI asaMkhyAta samaya kA kAla hai aura vaha vizeSa ko jAnatA hai| samAdhAna-kSipragrAhI, akSipragrAhI Adi jo avagrahake bheda batalAe jAe~ge, vAstava meM ve apAyake bheda haiM / sirpha kAraNa meM kArya kA upacAra karake hI unheM avagrahakA bheda kahA gayA hai / arthAt apAya kArya hai aura avagraha tathA IhA usake kAraNa haiN| kAraNameM kAryakA dharma yogyatArUpa meM rahatA hai, isa apekSAse avagraha-IhA meM apAyakA upacAra ( Aropa ) kara liyA gayA hai / isI kAraNa se unheM avagraha kA bheda kahA gayA hai / sAmAnya ko viSaya karanevAle (avagraha) jJAna meM kSipratA Adi vizeSa-viSayatA avAstavika hai pAramArthika nhiiN| 2. athavA-avagraha do prakAra hai-naizcayika aura vyAvahArika / naizcayika avagraha kevala

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. 14 jaina tarkavASA nyamAtragrAhI,dvitIyazca vizeSaviSayaH taduttaramuttarotaradharmAkAMkSArUpehApravRtteH; anyathA avagrahaM vinehAnutthAnaprasaMgAt atraiva kSipretarAdibhedasaMgatiH; ata eva coparyupari jJAnapravRttirUpasantAnavyavahAra iti draSTavyam / ( IhAvAyadhAraNAnAM kramazo nirUpaNam / ) avagRhItavizeSAkAMkSaNam-IhA, vyatirekadharmanirAkaraNaparo'nvayadharmaghaTanapravRto bodha iti yAvat, yathA-'zrotragrAhyatvAdinA prAyo'nena zabdena bhavitavyam' 'madhuratvAdidharmayuktatvAt zAjAdinA' vA itiAna ceyaM saMzaya eva; tasyaikatra miNi viruddha nAnArthajJAnarUpatvAt, asyAzca nizcayAbhimukhatvena vilkssnntvaat| sAmAnya ko grahaNa karatA hai| dUsarA vyAvahArika avagraha vizeSagrAhI hai; kyoMki isa avagrahake bAda Age-Ageke vizeSa dharmoko jAnanekI AkAMkSArUpa IhAkI utpatti hotI hai / avagrahake binA IhAkI utpatti nahIM ho sakatI / imI avagrahameM kSipra-akSipra Adi bheda saMgata hote haiN| isIse Age-Ageke jJAnoMkI pravRttirUpa santAnavyavahAra hotA hai, aisA samajhanA cAhiye / tAtparya yaha hai ki-kisIne naizcayika avagrahase zabda sAmAnyako grahaNa kiyaa| tatpazcAt use IhA huI aura phira apAya ho gayA ki, yaha zabda hI hai / ' isa apAyake pazcAt use uttara-vizeSa dharmako jAnanekI phira IhA huI / tathA yaha zabda zaMkhakA hai yA zRMgakAhai ? isa Iha ke bAda phira apAya haA-'yaha zaMkhakA hI zabda hai|' isa prakAra apAyake bAda agale dharmako jAnane ke lie punaH IhA hotI hai aura usake bAda phira apAya hotA hai / yahA~ jisa apAyake bAda IhA ho usa apAyako vyAvahArika avagraha mAnA gayA hai; kyoMki IhA binA avagrahake nahIM hotI, ataH IhAse pahalekA jJAna adagraha hI hai / hA~, jisa apAyake bAda IhA aura apAya na ho, usa apAyako vyAvahArika avagraha nahIM kahA jA sktaa| granthakAra kA kathana hai ki vastutaH jo jJAna apAyarUpa hai kintu uttaradharma-viSayaka IhA kA janaka hai, vaha avagraha mAnA gayA hai aura usI avagrahameM kSipra-akSipra Adi bhedoM kI saMgati hotI hai| IhAkA svarUpa avagraha dvArA jAne hue sAmAnya padArthameM vizeSako jAnanekI AkAMkSA honA IhA hai| abhiprAya yaha hai ki jo jJAna vyatireka (vastumeM na pAye jAnevAle ) dharmakA nirAkaraNa karane meM tasara ho aura anvaya ( vastumeM pAye jAnevAle ) dharmakI ghaTanA karanemeM pravRtta ho, vaha IhA kahalAtA hai / jaise-'yaha zrotrase grahaga honeke kAraNa zabda honA caahie'| ( yaha naizcayika avagrahake bAda honevAle IhA jJAnakA udAharaNa hai) athavA 'madhuratA Adi dharmoMse yukta honeke kAraNa yaha zaMkhakA zabda honA cAhie' / (yaha vyAvahArika arthAvagrahake bAda honevAlI IhA kA udAharaNa hai / ) IhAjJAna saMzaya hI hai, so nahIM; kyoMki eka dharmIma paraspara virodhI

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pramANaparicchedaH 15 . 1. Ihitasya vizeSanirNayo'vAyaH; yathA 'zabda evAyam', zAGkhaevAyam' iti vaa| sa eva dRDhatamAvasthApanno dhaarnnaa| sA ca trividhA-avicyutiH, smRtiH, vAsanA ca / tatraikArthopayogasAtatyAnivRttiH avicyutiH| tasyaivArthopayogasya kAlAntare 'tadeva' ityullekhena samunmIlanaM smRtiH / apAyAhitaH smRtihetuH saMskAro vaasnaa| dvayoravagrahayoravagrahatvena ca tisRNAM dhAraNAnAM dhAraNAtvenopagrahAnna vibhaagvyaaghaatH| __ kecittu-apanayanamapAyaH, dharaNaM ca dhAraNeti vyutpattyarthamAtrAnusAriNa:'asadbhatArthavizeSavyatirekAvadhAraNamapAyaH, sadbhatArthavizeSAvadhAraNaM ca dhAraNA'ityAhaH; tanna; kvacittadanyavyatirekaparAmarzAt, kvacidanvayadharmasamanugamAt, kvaci nAnA dharmokA bodha honA saMzaya hai| saMzaya vizeSakI ora jhukA huvA nahIM hotA, IhAjJAna vizeSakI ora abhimukha hotA hai / isa kAraNa yaha saMzayase bhinna hai / apAyakA svarUpa 1. IhA dvArA jAne hue padArthameM vizeSakA nizcaya ho jAnA apAya hai / jaise yaha zabda hI hai' / athavA 'yaha zaMkhakA hI zabda hai'| dhAraNAkA svarUpa vaha apAya hI dRDhatama avasthAko prApta hokara dhAraNA kahalAtA hai / dhAraNA tIna prakArakI hai (1) avicyuti (2) smRti aura (3) vAsanA / kisI eka padArtha-saMbaMdhI upayogakI satatatAkA banA rahanA-upayogakA jArI rahanA avicyuti hai| eka bAra upayogake haTa jAnepara phira kAlAntarameM 'vaha' isa prakArase usI padArthakA upayoga utpanna honA, arthAt pahale jAne hue padArthakA punaH yAda ho jAnA smRti hai / apAyajJAnase prApta honevAlA aura smRtikA janaka saMskAra vAsanA hai / pUrvokta donoM avagrahoM- vyaMjanAvagraha aura arthAvagrahakA sAmAnya avagrahameM tathA tInoM prakArako dhAraNAoMkA eka sAmAnya dhAraNAmeM hI saMgraha ho jAtA hai, ataeva matijJAnake pahale batalAye cAra bhedoMmeM koI bAdhA nahIM aatii| apAya aura dhAraNA zabdoMke kevala vyutpatti-arthakA anusaraNa karanevAle koI-koI kahate haiM-apanayana karanA (haTAnA) apAya hai, arthAt vastumeM jo dharma nahIM pAye jAte unake niSedhakA nizcaya karanA apAya hai| aura dhAraNa karanA dhAraNA hai, arthAt vastumeM jo vidyamAna dharma haiM unakA nizcaya karanA dhAraNA hai / jaise- 'yaha rUpa, rasa yA anya kucha nahIM hai, yaha nizcaya ho jAnA apAya, aura 'zabda hI hai' yaha nizcaya honA dhAraNA hai| yaha mAnyatA ThIka nahIM / apAya kahIM avidyamAna dharmoM ke niSedhakA nizcaya karatA huA, kahIM vidyamAna dharmake sadbhAvakA nizcaya karatA huA aura kahIM donoM prakArase hotA

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jaina tarka bhASA cobhAbhyAmapi bhavato'pAyasya nizcayaikarUpeNa bhedAbhAvAt, anyathA smRterAdhikyena mateH paJcabhedatvaprasaMgAt / atha nAstyeva bhavadabhimatA dhAraNeti bhedacatuSTayA (ya) vyAghAtaH; tathAhi upayogoparame kA nAma dhAraNA ? upayogasAtatyalakSaNA avicyutizcApAyAnnAtiricyate / yA ca ghaTAdyupayogoparame saMkhyeyamasaMkhyeyaM vA kAlaM vAsanA'bhyupagamyate, yA ca 'tadeva' itilakSaNA smRtiH sA matyaMzarUpA dhAraNA na bhavati matyupayogasya prAgevoparatatvAt, kAlAntare jAyamAnopayoge'pyanvayamukhyAM dhAraNAyAM smRtyantarbhAvAditi cet; na; apAyapravRttyanantaraM kvacidantarmuhUrtaM yAvadapAyadhArApravRttidarzanAt avicyuteH, pUrvAparadarzanAnusandhAnasya 'tadevedam' iti smRtyAkhyasya prAcyApAyapariNAmasya tadAdhAyaka saMskAralakSaNAyA vAsanAyAzca apAyAbhyadhikatvAt / 16 navavicyutismRtilakSaNo jJAnabhedau gRhItagrAhitvAnna pramANam ; saMskArazca kiM smRtijJAnAvaraNakSayopazamo vA tajjJAnajananazaktirvA, tadvastuvikalpoM hai / kintu sabhI jagaha usakA svarUpa arthAt nizcaya eka hI hai, ataeva usameM bheda nahIM kiyA jA sakatA / aisA na mAnA jAya aura apAya evaM dhAraNAkI vyutpatti-paraka vyAkhyA mAnI jAya to smRtijJAnakA samAveza usameM nahIM hogA / isa sthiti meM matijJAnake pA~ca bheda mAnane paDeMge / zaMkA- ApakI mAnI huI dhAraNA alaga nahIM hai, ataeva matijJAnake cAra bhedoMmeM koI bAdhA nahIM AtI / vaha isa prakAra upayogakI samAptike bAda phira dhAraNA kaisI ? upayogakA cAlU rahanArUpa avicyuti apAyarUpa hai / ghaTAdikA upayoga samApta honepara bhI saMkhyAta yA asaMkhyAta kAla taka rahanevAlI vAsanA aura 'vaha' isa AkArase utpanna honevAlI smRti bhI matijJAnakA aMzarUpa dhAraNA nahIM kahalA sakatI, kyoMki inase pahale hI matijJAnakA upayoga-vyApAra- samApta ho cukatA hai / kAlAntarameM jo upayoga utpanna hotA hai, vaha anvaya-mukhI dhAraNA antargata ho jAtA hai / samAdhAna- apAyajJAnakI pravRtike pazcAt kahIM-kahIM antarmuhUrta taka apAyakI dhArA jArI rahatI dekhI jAtI hai, ataeva vaha dhArA apAyase alaga hai / pUrvakAlake aura vartamAna kAla darzanakA joDa rUpa 'yaha vahI hai' isa prakAra smaraNa - pratyabhijJAna - nAmase prasiddha aura pUrvakAlIna apAyakA phalarUpa jJAna bhI apAyase alaga hai aura usa jJAnakI dhAraNA karanevAlI saMskArajJAnasvarUpa bAsanA bhI apAyase alaga hai / zaMkA- avicyuti aura smRti- ye donoM jJAna gRhItagrAhI ( pahale jAne hue padArthako hI jAnanevAle ) haiM ataeva pramANa nahIM raha gayA saMskAra - vAsanA, so vaha saMskAra kyA hai ? smRtijJAnAvaraNakA kSayopakSama, yA smRtijJAnako utpanna karanekI zakti athavA usa vastukA

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pramANaparicchedaH / veti trayI gatiH ? tatra-AdyapakSavayamayuktam ; jJAnarUpatvAbhAbAt tadbhedAnAM ceha vicAryatvAt / tRtIyapakSo'pyayukta eva; saMkhyeyamasaMkhayaM vA kAlaM vAsanAyA iSTatvAt, etAvantaM ca kAlaM vastuvikalpAyogAditi na kApi dhAraNA ghaTata iti cet; na; spaSTaspaSTataraspaSTatamabhinnadharmakavAsanAjanakatvena anyAnyavastugrAhitvAdavicyuteH prAgananubhUtavastvekatvagrAhitvAcca smRteH agRhItagrAhitvAt, smRtijJAnAvaraNakarmakSayopazamarUpAyAstadvijJAnajananazaktirUpAyAzca vAsanAyAH svayamajJAnarUpatve'pi kAraNe kAryopacAreNa jJAnabhedAbhidhAnAvirodhAditi / . ete cAvagrahAdayo notkramavyatikramAbhyAM nyUnatvena cotpadyante, jJeyasyetyameva vikalpa ? saMskArake saMbaMdha meM yahI tIna vikalpa ho sakate haiN| magara ina tInameMse pahaleke do pakSa ThIka nahIM, kyoMki kSayopakSama tathA zakti svayaM jJAnarUpa nahIM haiM aura yahA~ jJAnake bhedoMkA vicAra kiyA jA rahA hai / saMskArako vastuvikalpa mAnanA bhI saMgata nahIM, kyoMki saMskAra saMkhyAta-asaMkhyAta kAla taka banA rahatA hai, magara vastuvikalpa itane lambe samaya taka Thahara nahIM sktaa| isa prakAra vicAra karanepara dhAraNAnAmaka koI jJAna siddha hI nahIM hotaa| ataeva matijJAnake tIna bheda svIkAra karane cAhie, cAra nhiiN| samAdhAna- avicyutijJAnako gRhItagrAhI kahanA ucita nhiiN| avicyutikA pahalA kSaNa agara spaSTa vAsanAko utpanna karatA hai to dUsarA kSaNa spaSTatara vAsanAkA janaka hai aura tIsarA kSaNa spaSTatama vAsanAko paidA karatA hai| isa kAraNa pahale kSaNakI avicyuti prathama samayavAlI vastuko jAnatI hai, dUsare samayakI avicyuti dvitIya kSaNa-viziSTa vastuko grahaNa karatI hai / abhiprAya yaha ki pratyeka kSaNameM vastukA paryAya palaTatA rahatA hai aura usa palaTe hue naye-naye paryAyako hI avicyutikA eka-eka kSaNa jAnatA hai| isa kAraNa avicyuti mahotagrAhI nahIM hai / smRti pUrvaparyAya aura vartamAnaparyAyameM rahane vAle 'ekatvako' viSaya karatI hai aura vaha ekatva pahale kisI jJAnase gRhIta nahIM hotA, isa kAraNa smaraNa bhI gRhItagrAhI nahIM hai / rahI vAsanA, so vaha smRtijJAnAvaraNakA kSayopazama hai evaM smRtijJAnako utpanna karanekI zaktirUpa hai / yadyapi vaha svayaM jJAnarUpa nahIM hai, phira bhI kAraNameM kAryakA upacAra karake use jJAnakA bheda mAnalenemeM koI virodha nahIM AtA / arthAt vAsanA smRtijJAnakA kAraNa hai, ataH use bhI upacArase jJAna kahA hai / __ avagraha Adi kA krama __ avagraha Adi pUrvokta jJAna na to utkrama (ulaTe krama se) hote haiM aura na vyatikrama se (krama ko bhaMga karake) hote haiM aura na yahI hotA hai ki pahale ke vinA hue hI AgekA jJAna ho jAya / kyoMki jJeyakA svabhAva hI aisA hai jisase jJAna isI prakAra utpanna hotA hai|

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18 jaina tarka bhASA jJAnajananasvAbhAvyAt kvacidabhyaste'pAyamAtrasya dRDhavAsane viSaye smRtimAtrasya copalakSaNe'pyutpalapatrazatavyatibheda iva saukSamyAdavagrahAdikramAnupalakSaNAt / tadevam arthAvagrahAdayo manaindriyaH SoDhA bhidyamAnA vyaJjanAvagrahacaturbhedaiH sahASTAviMzatirmatibhedA bhavanti / athavA bahu-bahuvidha-kSiprA-'nizrita-nizcita-dhruvaiH sapratipakSAdazabhirbhedaibhinnAnAmeteSAM SaTtriMzadadhikAni trINi zatAni bhavanti / baha vAdayazca bhedA viSayApekSAH; tathAhi-kazcit nAnAzabdasamUhamANitaM bahuM jAnAti-'etAvantotra zaMkhazabdA etAvantazca paTahAdizabdAH' iti pRthagbhinnajAtIyaM kSayopazamavizeSAt paricchinattItyarthaH / anyastvalpakSayopazamatvAt tatsamAnadezo'pyabahum / aparastu kSayopazamavaicitryAt bahuvidham, ekakasyApi zaMkhAdizabdasya snigdhatvAdibahudharmAnvitatvenApyAkalanAt / parastvabahuvidham, snigdhtvaadisvlpdhrmaanvittvenaaklnaat| kisI-kisI paricita viSaya meM sirpha apAya hI sIdhA ho gayA jAna par3atA hai aura jisa viSaya meM dRr3ha vAsanA hotI hai usameM sIdhI smRti huI jAna par3atI hai, phira bhI aisA hotA nahIM hai / jaise kamala ke sau patte, ekake bAda dUsarA aura dUsareke bAda tIsarA, isa prakAra kramase hI chede jAte haiM, usI prakAra avagraha, IhA, apAya aura dhAraNA bhI Rmase hI hote haiM; sirpha jaldI-jaldI ho jAne ke kAraNa unakA krama mAlUma nahIM hotaa| bheda-prabheda arthAvagraha, IhA, apAya aura dhAraNAmese pratyeka jJAna mana aura pA~ca idriyose-chaha nimittoMse utpanna hotA hai. ataH sabake milakara cauvIsa bheda hote haiM / inameM cAra prakAra kA vyaMjanAvagraha (pahale batalAyA jA cukA hai ki vyaMjanAvagraha cakSu ora manase nahIM hotA; usake cAra hI bheda haiM / ) milA dene se matijJAna ke aTThAIsa bheda ho jAte haiN| athavA- bahu, bahuvidha, kSipra, anizrita, nizcita aura dhruva tathA inake ulaTe abahu, abahuvidha, akSipra, nizrita, anizcita aura adhruva, ina bAraha bhedoM ke sAtha pUrvokta 28 bhedoM kA guNAkAra karanese matijJAnake tIna sau chattIsa bheda hote haiN| aTThAIsa bheda kAraNakI apekSAse haiM aura bahu Adi bAraha bheda viSayakI apekSAse haiN| bAraha bhedoMkA spaSTIkaraNa isa bhA~ti hai-(1) koI sune hue nAnA zabdasamUhoM meM se kSayopazamakI vizeSatAke kAraNa pRthak-pRthak bhinnajAtIya bahu-bahutako jAnatA hai, jaise inameM zaMkhake itane zabda haiM aura paTaha Adike itane zabda haiN| (2) dUsarA koI vyakti kSayopazamakI alpatAke kAraNa usI jagahapara sthita ho kara bhI isaprakAra nahIM jAna pAtA vaha abahuko jAnatA hai| (3) koI tIsarA vyakti kSayopazamakI vicitratAke kAraNa eka-eka zaMkha Adike zabdako bhI snigdhatA- komalatA-Adi bahutase dharmoM-sahita jAnatA hai| (4) koI isase viparIta-abahuvidha jAnatA hai, arthAt snigdhatA Adi svala dharmose yukta jAnatA hai|

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pramANaparicchedaH anyastu kSipram, zIghrameva paricchedAt / itarastvamA cirvimandhikalamAt / parastvanizritam, ligaM vinA svarUpata eva paricchedAt bipatama, liMganizrayA''kalanAt / [kazcittu nizcitam, viruddhdhrmaanaaliNgittvenaavgteH| itarastvanizcitam, viruddhadharmAGkitatayAvagamAt / ] anyo dhruvam bahuvAdirUpeNAvagatasya sarvadaiva tathA bodhAt / anyastvadhruvam, kadAcidbahvAdirUpeNa kadAcittvabavAdirUpeNAbagamAditi / uktA matibhedAH / ( zrutajJAnaM caturdazadhA vibhajya tannirUpaNam / ) . zrutabhedA ucyante-zrutam akSara-sajJi-samyak-sAdi-saparyavasita-gamikA'GgapraviSTabhedaiH sapratipakSazcaturdazavidham / tatrAkSaraM trividhm-snyjnyaa-vynyjn-lbdhibhedaat| sajJAkSaraM bahuvidhalipibhedam, vyaJjanAkSaraM bhASyamANamakArAdi-ete copacArAt shrute| labdhyakSaraM tu indriyamanonimittaH zrutopayogaH, tadAvaraNakSayopazamo vA / etacca paropadezaM vinApi nAsambhAvyam, anAkalitopadezAnAmapi mugdhAnAM gavAdInAM ca zabda(5) koI kSipra-zIghra hI jAna letA hai (6) koI akSipra dera taka soca-vicAra karake jAnatA hai / (7) koI anizrita ko arthAt liMgake vinA svarUpase hI jAna letA hai| (8) koI liMga ke AdhArase jAnatA hai [ (9) koI nizcitako-viruddha dharmose rahita vastuko jAnatA hai| (10 koI anizcita ko arthAt viruddha dharmoMse yukta rUpameM jAnatA hai| ] (.11) koI dhruva rUpase arthAt bahu adi rUpase jAne hue padArthako sarvadA bahu Adi rUpase hI jAnatA hai (12) koI adhruva rUpase arthAt kabhI bahurUpase to kabhI abahurUpase jAnatA hai / mati bheda kahe jA cuke / aba zrutajJAna ke bheda kahe jAte haiM / zrutajJaHna caudaha prakAra kA hai- (1) akSarazruta (2) anakSarazruta (3) saMjJizruta (4) asaMjJizruta (5) samyakzruta (6) mithyAzruta (7) sAdizruta (8) anAdizruta (9) saparyavasitazruta (10) aparyavasitazruta (11) gamikazruta (12) agamika zruta (13) aMgapraviSTazruta (14) anaMgapraviSTa-aMgabAhyazruta / akSara tIna prakAra ke haiM-(1) saMjJAkSara (2) vyaMjanAkSara aura (3) labdhi-akSara / nAnA prakAra kI lipiyoM ke akSara saMjJAkSara kahalAte haiM aura bole jAne vAle 'a' Adi akSara vyaMjanAkSara kahalAte haiN| yaha donoM prakAra ke akSara jJAnarUpa na hone ke kAraNa upacAra se hI zruta kahalAte haiM / indriya aura mana ke nimitta se honevAlA zrutajJAna kA upayoga athavA zrutajJAnAvaraNa kA kSayopazama labdhyakSa ra hai / zruta yaha paropadeza ke vinA bhI asaMbhava nahIM hai ; arthAt akSarazruta yadyapi paropadeza-janita hotA hai, tathApi yaha paropadeza janyatA saMjJAkSara aura vyaMjanAkSara ke lie hI samajhanI cAhie, labdhyakSarazruta kSayopazama Adi se 'paropadeza ke vinA bhI ho sakatA hai; kyoM ki jinheM upadeza kA lAbha nahIM huA aise mugdha

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20. jaina tarka bhASA zravaNe tadAbhimukhyadarzanAt, ekendriyaannaampyvyktaakssrlaabhaacc| anakSarazrutamuchvAsAdi, tasyApi bhAvazrutahetutvAt, tato'pi 'sazoko'yam' ityAdijJAnAvirbhAvAt / athavA zrutopayuktasya sarvAtmanaivopayogAt sarvasyaiva vyApArasya zrutarUpatve'pi atraiva zAstrajJalokaprasiddhA rUDhiH / samanaskasya zrutaM sajJizrutam / tadviparItamasajJizrutam / samyakzrutam aMgAnaMgapraviSTam, laukikaM tu mithyaashrutm| svAmitvacintAyAM tu bhajanA-samyagdRSTiparigRhItaM mithyAzrutamapi samyakzrutameva vitathabhASitvAdinA yathAsthAnaM tadarthaviniyogAt, viparyayAnmithyASTiparigRhItaM ca samyakzrutamapi mithyAzrutameveti / sAdi-dravyata ekaM puruSamAzritya, kSetratazca bharatairAvate, kAlata utsapiNyavasapiNyau, bhAvatazca tattajjJApakaprayatnAdikam / anAdi,-dravyato nAnApuruSAnAzritya, kSetrato mahAvidehAn, kAlato noutsapiNyavasarpiNIlakSaNam, bhAvatazca manuSya aura gau Adi pazu bhI apanA nAma Adi zabda sunakara usakI ora abhimukha hote dekhe jAte haiN| yahI nahIM, ekendriya jIvoMko bhI avyakta akSarazruta kA lAbha hotA hai / (2) anakSarazruta-ucchvAsa Adi kahalAtA hai| yaha bhI bhAvazrutakA kAraNa hai, kyoMki 'yaha sazoka hai' ityAdi prakAra kA jJAna usase utpanna hotA hai / athavA zrutajJAna meM upayukta AtmA kA sarvAtmanA-sampUrNa rUpase hI vyApAra hotA hai, ataH usakA samasta vyApAra zrutasvarUpa hI hai| phira bhI khAsa abhiprAyase honevAle ucchvAsa, niHzvAsa, khAMsI chIMka Adi ko hI zAstrajJoM kI rUr3hi ke anusAra anakSarazruta kahate haiN| (3) saMjJI (samanaska) jIvoMkA zrutajJAna saMjJizruta kahalAtA hai| (4) asaMjJI jIvoMke zruta ko asaMjJizruta kahate haiN| (5) aMgapraviSTa (AcArAMga Adi bAraha aMga) aura bAhaya (dazavaikAlika Adi) zruta samyakzruta haiM / (6) laukika Agama-anAptapraNIta zAstra-mithyAzruta haiM / ____kintu samyakzruta aura mithyAzrutake svAmiyoMkA vicAra kiyA jAya to donoMmeM bhajanA-vikalpa hai / vaha isa prakAra-samyagdRSTi dvArA gRhIta mithyAzruta bhI samyakzruta hI hai, kyoM ki samyakdRSTi mithyAzruta ko par3hakara use mithyAvAdI Adi rUpase yathAsthAna ThIkaThIka yojita kara letA hai / isake viparIta mithyA-dRSTi dvArA grahaNa kiyA huA samyakzruta bhI mithyAzruta bana jAtA hai, kyoMki vaha yathArtha rUpa se usakI yojanA nahIM krtaa| (7) dravyase eka puruSakI apekSA, kSetrase bharata-airAvatakI apekSA, kAlase utsarpiNIavasarpiNIkI apekSA aura bhAvase amuka-amuka prarUpakake prayatna-ceSTA AdikI apekSAse zruta Adi hotA hai| (8) dravyake nAnA (sabhI) puruSoMkI apekSA, kSetrase mahAvidehoMkI apekSA, kAlase noutsarpiNI-avasarpiNIkI apekSA aura bhAvase sAmAnya kSayopakSamakI apekSAse zruta anAdi hai. sadaiva hI banA rahatA hai|

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pramANaparicchedaH sAmAnyataH kssyopshmmiti| evaM saparyavasitAparyavasitabhedAvapi bhaavyau| gamikaM sadRzapAThaM prAyo dRSTivAdagatam / agamikamasadRzapAThaM prAyaH kAlikazrutagatam / aMgapraviSTaM gaNadharakRtam / anaMgapraviSTaM tu sthavirakRtamiti / tadevaM saprabhedaM sAMvyavahArika matizrutalakSaNaM pratyakSaM nirUpitam / / ( pAramAthikaM pratyakSaM tridhA vibhajya prathamamavardhanirUpaNam / ) svotpattAvAtmavyApAramAtrApekSaM pAramAthikam / tat trividham-avadhimanaHparyaya-kevalabhedAt / sakalarUpidravyaviSayakajAtIyam AtmamAtrApekSaM jJAnamavadhijJAnam / tacca SoDhA-anugAmivardhamAnapratipAtItarabhedAt / tatrotpattikSetrAdanyatrApyanuvartamAnamAnugAmikam, bhAskaraprakAzavat, yathA bhAskaraprakAzaH prAcyAmAvirbhUtaH pratIcImanusaratyapi tatrAvakAzamudyotayati, tathaitadapyekatrotpannamanyatra gacchato'pi puMso viSayamavabhAsayatIti / utpattikSetra eva viSayAvabhAsakamanAnugAmikam. praznAdezapuruSajJA (9-10) jisa dravya kSetra kAla bhAva-saMbaMdhI apekSAse zruta sAdi hai usI apekSAse saparyavasita aura jisa apekSAse anAdi hai, usI apekSAse aparyavasita samajhanA cAhie / (11) jisameM eka sarIkhe pATha hoM vaha gamikazruta kahalAtA hai / eka-se pATha prAyaH dRSTivAdameM haiN| (12) jisameM samAna pATha na hoM, vaha agamikazruta hai jaise kAlikazrutake pATha / (13) gaNadharoM dvArA racita zruta aMgapraviSTa kahalAtA hai / (14) sthaviroM dvArA kRta zruta anaMgapraviSTa hai| isa prakAra matijJAna aura zrutajJAna rUpa sAMvyavahArika pratyakSakA bheda-prabhedoM-sahita nirUpaNa kiyA jA cukaa| (pAramArthika pratyakSa) jo jJAna apanI utpattimeM sirpha AtmAke hI vyApArakI apekSA rakhatA hai, mana aura indriyoMkI sahAyatA jisameM apekSita nahIM hai, vaha pAramArthika pratyakSa hai| pAramArthika pratyakSa tIna taraha kA hai- (1) avadhijJAna (2) manaHparyayajJAna aura (3) kevalajJAna / 1.-sakala rUpI dravyoMko jAnanevAlA aura sirpha AtmAse utpanna honevAlA jJAna avadhijJAna kahalAtA hai / vaha chaha prakArakA hai:- (1) anugAmI (2) ananugAmI (3) varddhamAna (4) hIyamAna (5) pratipAti (6) apratipAti / (1) sUrya ke prakAzake samAna apanI utpattike kSetrase dUsarI jagaha bhI sAtha-sAtha jAnevAlA avadhijJAna AnugAmika kahalAtA hai; jaise sUryakA prakAza pUrva dizAmeM prakaTa hotA hai, phira bhI pazcima dizAmeM A jAtA hai aura vahA~ke kSetrako prakAzita karatA hai; usI prakAra AnugAmika avadhijJAna jisa jagahapara rahe puruSako utpanna hotA hai, vaha puruSa usase bhinna dUsare sthAnapara calA jAya to bhI viSayakA bodha karAtA hai / (2) apane utpatisthAna para hI viSayakA bodha karAnevAlA jJAna anAnu

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caina tarka bhASA navat, yathA praznAdezaH kvacideva sthAne saMvAdayituM zaknoti pRcchayamAnamartham, tathedamapi adhikRta eva sthAne viSayamudyotayitumalamiti / utpattikSetrAtkrameNa viSayavyAptimavagAhamAnaM vardhamAnam, adharottarAraNinirmathanotpannopAttazuSkopacIyamAnAdhIyamAnendhanarAzyagnivat, yathA agniH prayatnAdupajAtaH san punarindhanalAbhAdvivaddhimupAgacchati evaM paramazubhAdhyavasAyalAbhAdidamapi pUrvotpannaM vardhata iti / utpattikSetrApekSayA krameNAlpIbhavadviSayaM hIyamAnam, paricchinnendhanopAdAnasantatyanizikhAvat, yathA apanItendhanAgnijvAlA parihIyate tathA idamapIti / utpattyanantaraM nirmUlanazvaraM pratipAti, jalataraMgavat, yathA jalataraMga utpannamAtra eva nirmUlaM vilIyate tathA idmpi| A-kevalaprApteH A-maraNAdvA avatiSThamAnam apratipAti, vedavat, yathA puruSavedAdirApuruSAdiparyAyaM tiSThati tathA idamapIti / (2-manaHparyavajJAnasya nirUpaNam / ) manomAtrasAkSAtkAri manaHparyavajJAnam / manaHparyAyAnidaM sAkSAtparicchettumalam, gAmika kahalAtA hai, jaise praznAdeza puruSakA jJAna / jaise praznAdeza puruSa kisI khAsa sthAnapara hI pUche hue praznakA sahI uttara dene meM samartha hotA hai, dUsare sthAnapara sahI uttara nahIM de sakatA, usI prakAra jo avadhijJAna, jJAnotpattike sthAnapara hI rahe hue puruSako viSayakA jJAna karAtA hai anyatra cale jAnepara nahIM, vaha anAnugAmika kahalAtA hai| (3) jo jJAna apane utpattikSetrase, kramazaH padArthoM ko jAnatA huA bar3hatA calA jAtA hai, vaha vardhamAna avadhijJAna hai / jaise Upara-nIce rakhe hue araNinAmaka do kASThoMko ragar3anese utpanna huI agni, sUkhA IMdhana mila jAne para bar3hatI hI calI jAtI hai| tAtparya yaha hai ki jaise prayatnase utpanna huI thoDI-sI agni IMdhanakA saMyoga milanese bar3hatI jAtI, usI prakAra jo avadhijJAna parama zubha adhyavasAyakA nimitta pAkara, jitanI mAtrAmeM utpanna huA thA usase adhika var3hatA jAtA hai, vaha vardhamAna avadhijJAna kahalAtA hai / (4) jalatI huI agni meM se IMdhana nikAla liyA jAya to vaha hona-kama-hotI jAtI hai, usI prakAra jo avadhijJAna utpattike samayameM jitane kSetra (kSetrastha padArthoM) ko prakAzita kara rahA thA, bAdameM kramase usakA kSetra kama hotA calA jAya, vaha hIyamAna kahalAtA hai / (5) jaise jala meM utpanna huI taraMga bAdameM samUla vilIna ho jAtI hai, usI prakAra jo avadhijJAna utpanike pazcAt samUla naSTa ho jAya, vaha pratipAti kahalAtA hai| (6) jaise puruSaveda (puruSakA cihRna) jaba taka puruSaparyAya rahatI hai, taba taka banA rahatA hai, usI prakArase avadhijJAna kevala jJAnakI prApti taka yA mRtyuparyanta banA rahatA hai, vaha apratipAtI kahalAtA hai| 2.-sirpha manakA sAkSAtkAra karanevAlA jJAna manaHparyaya yA manaHparyava kahalAtA hai|

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pramANaparicchedaH 23 bAhyAnarthAn punastadanyathA'nupapattyA'numAnenaiva paricchinattItti draSTavyam / tad dvividham-Rjumati- vipulamatibhedAt / RjvI sAmAnyagrAhiNI matiH RjumatiH / sAmAnyazabdo'tra vipulamatyapekSabA'lpavizeSaparaH, anyathA sAmAnyamAtragrAhitve manaHparyAyadarzanaprasaMgAt / vipulA vizeSagrAhiNI mativipulamatiH / tatra RjumatyA ghaTAdimAtramanena cintitamiti jJAyate, vipulamatyA tu paryAyazatopetaM tat paricchidyata iti / ete ca dve jJAne vikalaviSayatvAdvikalapratyakSe paribhASyete / ( 3 - kevalajJAnasya nirUpaNam / ) nikhiladravyaparyAyasAkSAtkAri kevalajJAnam / ata evaitatsakalapratyakSam / taccAvaraNakSayasya hetorakyAdbhedarahitan / AvaraNaM cAtra karmaiva, svaviSaye'pravRttimato' mana:paryayajJAna manakI paryAyoMko cintanIya padArthake nimittase utpanna honevAlI AkRtiyoMavasthAoM-pariNAmoMko hI pratyakSa rUpase jAnane meM samartha hotA hai / manameM jina bAhya padArthoM kA cintana kiyA jAtA hai, ve padArtha anumAnase hIM jAne jAte haiM / manaH paryAyajJAnI aisA anumAna karatA hai ki 'amuka padArthakA cintana kiye vinA manakI amuka prakArakI AkRti nahIM ho sakatI / ' isaprakAra kI anyathAnupapatti se vaha bAhya ghaTa-paTa Adi padArthoMko bhI jAna letA hai / mana:paryayajJAna do prakArakA hai - Rjumati aura vipulamati / Rju arthAt sAmAnyako grahaNa karanevAlI mati Rjumati hai / yahA~ sAmAnyakA artha hai vipulamatikI apekSA thoDe vizeSa dharma / agara Rjumati vizeSa dharmoko na jAne aura sirpha sAmAnya ko hI jAne to vaha mana:paryAya darzana ho jAyagA / vipula arthAt bahuta se vizeSoMko jAnane vAlI mati vipulamati kahalAtI hai / Rjumati se itanA hI mAlUma hotA hai ki isane ghaTakA cintana kiyA hai, vipulamatise vahI ghaTa saikaDoM paryAyoM - sahita mAlUma hotA hai / abhiprAya yaha hai ki Rjumati mana kI sthUla paryAMyoMko pratyakSa karatA hai, ataeva unase bAhaya padArthoMkI bhI thoDI sI hI vizeSatAoM ko samajha pAtA hai / vipulamati manakI paryAyoMkI sUkSmatara vizeSatAoM ko bhI pratyakSa karatA hai, ataeva vaha bAhya padArthoM kI bhI saikaDoM vizeSatAoM kA anumAna kara letA hai / avadhijJAna aura manaH paryAyajJAna vikala - viSayaka arthAt samasta padArthoM ko na jAna kara sirpha rUpI padArthoMko hI jAnate haiM, ataeva inheM vikalapratyakSa kahate haiM / 3- samasta dravyoM aura samasta paryAyoMko pratyakSa karanevAlA jJAna kevalajJAna hai / yaha jJAna samasta padArthoM ko jAnatA hai / ataH yaha sakala pratyakSa kahalAtA hai / kevalajJAnakA kAraNa AvaraNa kA kSayarUpa eka hI hai, ataeva kevala jJAnake bheda nahIM haiM vaha eka hI prakArakA hai / yahA~ AvaraNa karma hI samajhanA caahie| apane viSaya meM pravRtti na karanevAlA hama logoM

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24 jaina tarka bhASA smadAdijJAnasya sAvaraNatvAt, asarvaviSayatve vyAptijJAnAbhAvaprasaMgAt, sAvaraNatvAbhAve'spaSTatvAnupapattezca / AvaraNasya ca karmaNo virodhinA samyagdarzanAdinA vinAzAt siddhayati kaivlym| _ 'yogajadharmAnugRhItamanojanyamevedamastu' iti kecit; tanna; dharmAnugRhItenApi manasA paJcendriyArthajJAnavadasya jnyitumshkytvaat| - 'kavalabhojinaH kaivalyaM na ghaTate' iti dikpaTaH; tanna; AhAraparyAptyasAtavedanIyodayAdiprasUtayA kavalabhuktyA kaivalyAvirodhAt, ghAtikarmaNAmeva tadvirodhitvAt / dagdharajjusthAnIyAttatto na tadutpattiriti cet, nanvevaM tAdRzAdAyuSo bhavopagraho'pi na syAt / kiJca, audArikazarIrasthitiH kathaM kavalabhukti vinA bhagavataH syAt / anantavIryatvena tAM vinA tadupapatau chadmasthAvasthAyAmapyaparimitabalatvazravaNAd bhuktyabhAvaH syAdityanyatra vistaraH / uktaM pratyakSam / kA jJAna AvaraNa-yukta hai| kadAcit kahA jAya ki samasta padArthoMkA jJAna ho hI nahIM sakatA, so ThIka nahIM, aisA hotA to vyAptike jJAna (tarka) kA abhAva ho jAtA / hamArA jJAna agara sAvaraNa na hotA to usameM aspaSTatA na hotI / jJAna kI aspaSTatA usake AvaraNayukta honekA pramANa hai| vaha AvaraNa, samyagdarzana Adi virodhI kAraNoMse naSTa ho jAtA hai| isa prakAra kevalajJAna kI siddhi hotI hai| koI kahate haiM-yoga arthAt samAdhise utpanna honevAle dharma ( viziSTa zakti ) se yukta manase hI sakala pratyakSa utpanna hotA hai|' yaha kathana ThIka nahIM, kyoMki jaise yogaja zaktise sampanna bhI pA~ca indriyoMse sakalapratyakSa nahIM utpanna ho sakatA, usI prakAra manase bhI nahIM utpanna ho sktaa| digambaroM kA kathana hai ki kavalAhArIko kevalajJAna nahIM ho sakatA; so bhI ThIka nhiiN| AhAraparyApti nAmakarma aura asAtAvedanIya karmake udaya Adi kAraNoMse honevAle kavalAhAra kA kevalajJAnake sAtha virodha nahIM hai| kevalajJAnake virodhI to ghAtikakarma hI haiM / agara kahA jAya ki AhAraparyApti aura asAtAvedanIya Adi karma kevalImeM jalI huI rassIke samAna akAryakArI hote haiM, ataeva unake udayase kavalAhAra nahIM ho sakatA; to isI prakAra Ayukarma bhI akAryakArI hogA to phira kevalokI bhavasthiti bhI nahIM hogI ! isake atirikta, kavalAhArake binA bhagavAna ke audArika zarIrakI sthiti kaise ho sakatI hai ? agara kaho ki arhanta bhagavAn meM ananta vIrya hotA hai, isa kAraNa kavalAhArake binA bhI unakA zarIra TikA rahatA hai, to chadmastha avasthAmeM bhI unameM aparimita bala sunA jAtA hai| ataH usI samaya kavalAhArakA abhAva ho jAnA caahie| isa viSayameM anyatra vistArase vicAra kiyA gayA hai / isa prakAra pratyakSakA lakSaNa kahA gayA /

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25 pramANaparicchedaH (parokSaM lakSayitvA paJcadhA vibhajya ca smRtenirUpaNam / ) _atha parokSamucyate-aspaSTaM parokSam / tacca smaraNa-pratyabhijJAna-tarkA-'numAnAgamabhedataH paJcaprakAram / anubhavamAtrajanyaM jJAnaM smaraNam, yathA tat tIrthakarabimbam / na cedamapramANam, pratyakSAdivat avisaMvAdakatvAt / atItatattAMze vartamAnatvaviSayatvAdapramANamidamiti cet, na; sarvatra vizeSaNe vizeSyakAlabhAnAniyamAt / anubhavapramAtvapAratantryAdatrApramAtvamiti cet, na; anumiterapi vyAptijJAnAdipramAtvapAratantryeNApramAtvaprasaMgAt / anumiterutpattau parApekSA, viSayaparicchede tu svAtantryamiti cet, na; smRterapyutpattAvevAnubhavasavyapekSatvAt, svaviSayaparicchede tu svAtantryAt / parokSapramANa aspaSTa jJAna parokSa kahalAtA hai / usake pA~ca bheda haiM-1) smaraNa 2) pratyabhijJAna 3) tarka 4) anumAna aura 5) aagm| 1 sirpha anubhavase utpanna honevAlA jJAna smaraNa hai, yathA-vaha tIrthakarakI pratimA ! smaraNa apramANa nahIM hai, kyoMki vaha pratyakSa AdikI bhA~ti avisaMvAdaka hai| arthAt jaise pratyakSa pramANase kisI padArthako jAnakara pravRtti karanese saphalatA milatI hai, usI prakAra smaraNase jAnakara pravRtti karane para bhI saphalatA milatI hai| zaMkA-atItakAlIna tat-tA aMzameM vartamAnatAkA bodha karanese smaraNa apramANa hai arthAt smaraNakA viSaya to bhUtakAlIna padArtha hotA hai, usameM mAlUma aisA par3atA hai jaise ki vaha vartamAna meM ho / isa kAraNa vaha pramANa nhiiN| samAdhAna-yaha niyama nahIM ki sabhI jagaha vizeSaNameM vizeSyakA kAla bhI mAlUma ho| smaraNa meM vastukI atItakAlatA aura vartamAnakAlInatA donoM svataMtra mAlUma hotI hai, ataH smaraNa apramANa nhiiN| - zaGkA- smaraNa anubhavake adhIna hai, arthAt jisa vastukA pahale anubhava na huA ho usakA smaraNa bhI nahIM hotA, isa prakAra parAdhIna honese smaraNa pramANa nahIM hai| samAdhAna-isa prakAra parAdhIna honese smaraNako apramANa kahoge to anumAna bhI apramANa ho jAyagA, kyoMki anumAna bhI vyAptijJAna (tarka) Adike adhIna hai / jaba taka tarkase vyApti na jAna lI jAya taba taka anumAnakI utpatti nahIM hotI, ataeva vaha tarkake adhIna hai / zaMkA-anumAna kevala utpatti meM hI parAdhIna hai; apane viSayako jAnane meM to svataMtra haiM / arthAt tarka sAmAnyarUpase agni aura dhUmakI vyAptiko jAnatA hai; para anumAna parvataniSTha agni-vizeSako jAnatA hai, ata: donoMkA viSaya alaga 2 hai| ke samAdhAna-isI prakAra smaraNa bhI utpatti meM hI anubhavakI apekSA rakhatA hai| apane viSayako jAnane meM to vaha bhI svataMtra hI hai|

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jaina tarka bhASA anubhavaviSayIkRtabhAvAvabhAsinyAH smRteviSayaparicchede'pi na svAtantryamiti cet; tarhi vyAptijJAnAdiviSayIkRtAnarthAn paricchindatyA anumiterapi prAmANyaM dUrata eva / naiyatyenA'bhAta evArtho'numityA viSayIkriyata iti cet; tahi tattayA'bhAta evArthaH smRtyA viSayIkriyata iti tulyamiti na kiJcidetat / 26 ( 2 - pratyabhijJAnasya nirUpaNam / ) anubhavasmRtihetukaM tiryagUrdhva tAsAmAnyAdigocaraM saGkalanAtmakaM jJAnaM pratyabhijJAnam / yathA 'tajjAtIya evAyaM gopiNDaH' 'gosadRzo gavayaH' ' sa evAyaM jinadattaH' 'sa evAnenArthaH kathyate' 'govilakSaNo mahiSa' 'idaM tasmAd dUram' idaM tasmAt samIpam 'idaM tasmAt prAMzu hrasvaM vA' ityAdi / tatte dantArUpaspaSTA spaSTAkArabhedAnnaikaM pratyabhijJAnasvarUpamastIti zAkyaH ; tanna; zaMkA - anubhava dvArA jAne hue padArthako jAnanevAlI smRti viSayake bodhameM bhI svataMtra nahIM hai / samAdhAna- to tarka Adi dvArA jAne hue padArthoMko jAnanevAlA anumAna bhI pramANa koTi nahIM AyagA / zaMkA- (tarkadvArA ) niyatarUpameM ( yathA - parvataniSTha agni ke rUpa meM ) nahIM jAnA gayA padArtha hI anumAna dvArA jAnA jAtA hai, ata: vaha svataMtra hai / samAdhAna- to phira 'tat ( vaha ) ' isa rUpa meM nahIM jAnA gayA artha smRti - dvArA jAnA jAtA hai, ataeva smaraNa bhI anumAna ke hI samAna svataMtra hai / 2 anubhava aura smaraNa se utpanna hone vAlA, 1 tiryak sAmAnya aura UrdhvatA sAmAnya Adiko jAnane vAlA, jor3arUpa jJAna pratyabhijJAna kahalAtA hai / jaise-ya - yaha gAya usI jAti ko hai, gavaya gau ke samAna hotA hai, yaha vahI jinadatta hai, yaha bhI usI artha ko kahatA hai, yaha bhaiMsa gause vilakSaNa hai, yaha usase dUra hai, yaha usase samIpa hai, yaha usase bar3A hai, yaha usase choTA hai; ityAdi / pratyabhijJAna ke viSayameM bauddha kahate haiM - pratyabhijJAnameM eka nahIM do AkAra pratIta hote haiN| eka 'tat ( vaha ) ' aisA AkAra aura dUsarA 'idam (yaha ) ' aisA AkAra / 'ina donoM AkAroM meM 'tat' yaha AkAra aspaSTa hai aura 'idam' AkAra spaSTa hai / isa prakAra ke AkAra - bhedake kAraNa pratyabhijJAna kA svarUpa eka nahIM hai / unakA yaha kathana ThIka nahIM / 1 - eka kAlameM aneka vyaktiyoM meM rahane vAlI samAnatA / 2- aneka kAloMmeM eka vyaktimeM pAyI jAne vAlI samAnatA /

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pramANaparicchedaH 27 AkArabhede'pi citrajJAnavadekasya tasyAnubhUyamAnatvAt, svasAmagrIprabhavasyAsya vastuto'spaSTaikarUpatvAcca, idantollekhasya pratyabhijJAnibandhanatvAt / viSayAbhAvAnnedamastIti cet, na; pUrvAparavivartavatyaikadravyasya viziSTasyatadviSayatvAt / ata eva 'agRhItAsaMsargakamanubhavasmRtirUpaM jJAnadvayamevaitad' iti nirastam; itthaM sati vishissttjnyaanmaatrocchedaaptteH| tathApi 'akSAnvayavyatirekAnuvidhAyitvAt pratyakSarUpamevedaM yuktam' iti kecit; tanna; sAkSAdakSAnvayavyatirekAnuvidhAyitvasyAsiddhaH, pratyabhijJAnasya sAkSAtpratyakSasmaraNAnvayavyatirekAnuvidhAyitvenAnubhUyamAnatvAt, anyathA prathamavyaktidarzanakAle'pyutpattiprasaGgAt / - atha punadarzane pUrvadarzanAhitasaMskAraprabodhotpannasmRtisahAyamindriyaM pratyabhijJAnamutpAdayatItyucyate; tadanucitam ; pratyakSasya smRtinirapekSatvAt / anyathA parvate jaise bauddhoMke mAne citrajJAna meM aneka AkAra pratibhAsita hone para bhI vaha eka hI hai, usI prakAra pratyabhijJAna bhI eka hI pratIta hotA hai| apanI sAmagrIse utpanna honevAlA pratya'bhijJAna vAstava meM eka hI aspaSTa AkAravAlA hai| usameM honevAlA 'idam' ullekha pratyabhijJAna kA kAraNa hai| ___ zaMkA- sabhI padArtha kSaNika haiM, ataeva pratyabhijJAnakA viSaya kucha bhI nhiiN| isa kAraNa vaha apramANa hai| samAdhAna- nahIM, pUrvaparyAya aura vartamAna paryAya meM sthira rahanevAlA viziSTa eka (dravya kA ekatva) pratyabhijJAnakA viSaya hai / isa vivecanase prAbhAkaroMkA yaha mata bhI khaNDita ho jAtA hai ki pratyabhijJAna vAstava meM eka jJAna nahIM, kintu pratyakSa aura smaraNarUpa do jJAna haiM, parantu donoMmeM bheda mAlUma nahIM par3atA, isa kAraNa ve eka jJAnake rUpameM mAlUma hote haiN| aisA mAnanepara to prAbhAkarako daNDasahita daNDI ityAdi sabhI viziSTa jJAnoMkA abhAva mAnanA pddegaa| naiyAyikoMkA kahanA hai ki pratyabhijJAna indriyake sAtha anvaya-vyatireka dhAraNa karatA hai, arthAt indriyavyApAra honepara hI hotA hai aura indriyavyApArake abhAvameM nahIM hotA, ataH yaha pratyakSa hI hai / unakA kathana bhI ThIka nahIM pratyabhijJAnameM indriyoMkA vyApAra sAkSAt nahIM hotA; kintu pratyakSa aura smaraNakahI sAkSAt anvaya-vyatireka anubhavameM AtA hai| aisA na hotA to prathama vyaktiko dekhanepara bhI pratyabhijJAna utpanna ho jaataa| __zaMkA-pahaleke pratyakSase saMskAra prApta hotA hai| usa saMskArakI jAgRti honepara smRti kI utpatti hotI hai| usa smRtikI sahAyatAse indriya hI pratyabhijJAnako utpanna kara detI hai, ataH vaha pratyakSa hI hai| samAdhAna-yaha kathana anucita hai, kyoM ki pratyakSako smRtikI apekSA nahIM hotii| agara

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jaina tarka bhASA vahinajJAnasyApi vyAptismaraNAdisApekSamanasaivopapattau anumAnasyApyucchedaprasaGgAt / kiJca, 'pratyabhijAnAmi' iti vilakSaNapratIterapyatiriktametat, etena ,vizeSyendriyasannikarSasattvAdvizeSaNajJAne sati viziSTapratyakSarUpametadupapadyate' iti nirastam; 'etatsadRzaH saH' ityAdau tadabhAvAt,smRtyanubhavasaGkalanakramasyAnubhavikatvAcceti dik / atrAha bhATTaH-nanvekatvajJAnaM pratyabhijJAnamastu, sAdRzyajJAnaM tUpamAnameva, gavaye dRSTe gavi ca smRte sati sAdRzyajJAnasyopamAnatvAt, taduktam "tasmAdyat smaryate tat syAt sAdRzyena vizeSitam / prameyamupamAnasya sAdRzyaM vA tadanvitam // pratyakSeNAvabuddhe'pi sAhaye gavi ca smRte / viziSTasyAnyato'siddharupamAnapramANatA // " zlokavA0 upa0 37-38 iti; tanna; dRSTasya sAdRzyaviziSTapiNDasya smRtasya ca goH saGkalanAtmakasya 'gosadRzo gavayaH' iti jJAnasya pratyabhijJAnatA'natikramAt / anyathA 'govisadRzo aisA na mAnA jAya to yaha bhI kahA jA sakegA ki vyApti-smaraNa kI sahAyatAse, manase hI parvatameM agnikA jJAna ho jAtA hai, ataeva vaha bhI pratyakSa hai| aisI avasthAmeM anumAnakA bhI abhAva ho jaaygaa| isake atirikta 'pratyabhijAnAmi' isa vilakSaNa pratItise bhI pratyabhijJAna alaga hI siddha hotA hai| isa vivecanase naiyAyikoMkA yaha kahanA bhI khaNDita ho jAtA hai ki 'sa evAyaM ghaTa: ( yaha vahI ghaTa hai)' yahA~ ghaTa rUpa vizeSyake sAtha indriyakA sannikarSa honese 'vaha' isa prakArake vizeSaNajJAna-smaraNakI sahAyatAse viziSTa pratyakSarUpa hI pratyabhijJAna utpanna hotA hai / kyoM ki' vaha isake samAna hai isa sAdRzyapratyabhijJAnameM ukta kathana ghaTita nahIM ho sakatA-aura smRti tathA anubhavakI saMkalanAkA krama anubhavameM AtA hai| ataH pratyabhijJAna pRthak hI pramANa hai| ___ bhATTa kahate haiM-ekatvako viSaya karanevAlA jJAna bhale hI pratyabhijJAna kahalAe, kintu saddazatAko jAnanevAlA jJAna upamAna hai| gavayake dekhanepara aura gaukA smaraNa honepara jo sadRzatA kA jJAna hotA hai, vaha upamAna hai| kahA bhI hai-'sadRzatAse yukta jisa padArthakA smaraNa kiyA jAtA hai, vaha upamAna kA prameya (viSaya) hai / athavA usa padArthase yukta sadRzatA upamAnakA viSaya hai| sAdRzya yadyapi pratyakSase dikhAI detA hai aura gAyakA smaraNa hotA hai, phira bhI viziSTatAkA bodha kisI bhI anya pramANase nahIM hotaa| isI kAraNa upamAna pramANa hai| ___ bhATToMkI yaha mAnyatA yukta nahIM hai| pratyakSa aura smaraNake jor3arUpa jJAnako pratyabhijJAna kahA gayA hai| 'gavaya gauke samAna hai' isa jJAnameM bhI ukta lakSaNa ghaTita hotA hai / ataeva

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pramANaparicchedaH mahiSaH' ityAderapi sAdRzyAviSayatvenopamAnAtireke pramANasaMkhyAvyAghAtaprasaMgAt / etena-'gosadRzo gavayaH' ityativezavAkyArthajJAnakAraNakaM sAdRzyaviziSTapiNDadarzanavyApArakam 'ayaM gavayazabdavAcyaH' iti sajJAsajJisambandhapratipatirUpamupamAnam-iti naiyAyikamatamapyapahastitaM bhavati / anubhUtavyaktau gavayapadavAcyatvasaGkalanAtmakasyAsya pratyabhijJAnatvAnatikramAt pratyabhijJAnAvaraNakarmakSayopazamavizeSeNa yaddhavicchedenAtidezavAkyAnadyadharmadarzanaM taddharmAvacchedenaiva pdvaacytvpricchedopptteH| ata eva 'payombubhedI haMsaH syAt" ityAdivAkyArthajJAnavatAM payo'mbubheditvAdiviziSTavyaktidarzane sati 'ayaM haMsapadavAcyaH' ityaadiprtiitirjaaymaanoppdyte| yadi use pratyabhijJAna hI mAnanA ucita hai / sadRzatAse viziSTa piNDa (gavaya) kA pratyakSa aura gaukA smaraNa hotA hai| ina donoMkA saMkalanarUpa jo 'gauke samAna gavaya' yaha jJAna hai, vaha pratyabhijJAna se alaga nahIM ho sktaa| agara sadRzatAko jAnanevAlA upamAna pramANa alaga mAnoge to 'mahiSa gAya se vilakSaNa hai, ityAdi jJAna-jo sadRzatAko nahIM jAnate-upamAnase bhI alaga pramANa mAnane par3eMge / aisI sthitimeM pramANoMkI niyata saMkhyAmeM vyAghAta ho jaaygaa|| ----- naiyAyika bhI upamAna ko pramANa to mAnate haiM, kintu bhATTa kI bhA~ti use sAdRzyaviSayaka nahIM mAnate / unake matAnusAra saMjJA (nAma) aura saMjJI (nAmavAle ) ke saMbaMdhakA jJAna ho jAnA upamAna hai / ve kahate haiM-'gosaddazo gavayaH' arthAt gavaya gauke samAna hotA hai; aisA atideza vAkya kisI ne sunA aura usakA artha smjhaa| usake bAda gauke samAna piNDa (gavaya) use dikhAI diyA / jaba use gavaya dikhAI diyA tabhI pahale sune hue vAkya kA smaraNa ho aayaa| isa prakAra sadRza piNDake dekhane aura pUrvazruta vAkyake smaraNase use jJAna ho gayA ki-'gavaya zabdakA vAcya yaha hai|' isa taraha gavaya zabda aura gavaya padArthake Apasake saMjJA-saMjJI-saMbaMdhakA jJAna ho jAnA upamAna hai| bhATTake matapara jo vicAra kiyA gayA hai, usIse naiyAyikakA yaha kathana bhI khaMDita ho jAtA hai / pUrvAnubhUta vyaktimeM gavaya zabdakI vAcyatAkA saMkalanasvarUpa yaha jJAna bhI pratyabhijJAnase alaga nahIM hai| pratyabhijJAnAvaraNa karmake kSayopazama-vizeSase, jisa dharma-saMbaMdhI atideza vAkyadvArAkathita dharmakA darzana hotA hai, usI dharmako lekara zabdakI vAcyatAkA jJAna hotA hai / isI se 'haMsa dUdha aura pAnIkA bhedaka hotA hai' ityAdi vAkyoMke arthako jAnanevAle vyakti jaba dUdha-pAnIke bhedakatva Adi dharmavAle vyaktiyoMko dekhate haiM taba unheM 'haMsa zabdakA vAcya yaha hai' isa prakArakI pratIti hotI hai|

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jaina tarka bhASA ca 'ayaM gavayapadavAcyaH' iti pratItyathaM pratyabhijJAtiriktaM pramANamAzrIyate tadA AmalakAdidarzanAhita saMskArasya bilvAdidarzanAt 'atastat sUkSmam' ityAdipratItyarthaM pramANAntaramanveSaNIyaM syAt / mAnasatve cAsAmupamAnasyApi mAnasatvaprasaMgAt / 'pratyabhijAnAmi' iti pratItyA pratyabhijJAnatvamevAbhyupeyamiti dik / 30 ( 3 tarkasya nirUpaNam / ) sakala dezakAlAdyavacchedena sAdhyasAdhanabhAvAdiviSaya UhastarkaH, yathA 'yAvAn kazciddhamaH sa sarvo vahnau satyeva bhavati, rvAhana vinA vA na bhavati' 'ghaTazabdamAtraM ghaTasya vAcakam' ghaTamAtraM ghaTazabdavAcyam' ityAdi / tathA hi-svarUpaprayuktA'vyabhicAralakSaNAyAM vyAptau bhUyo darzanasahitAnvayavyatireka sahakAreNApi pratyakSasya tAvada - viSayatvAdevApravRttiH, sutarAM ca sakalasAdhyasAdhanavyaktyupasaMhAreNa tadgraha iti 'yaha gavaya zabdakA vAcya hai aisI pratItike lie agara pratyabhijJAnase alaga upamAna pramANa mAnA jAyagA to AMbale ke darzanase prApta saMskAravAlA puruSa jaba bilva ( bela ) ko dekhegA aura use 'isase vaha choTA hai, aisI pratIti hogI to isa prakArakI pratItiyoMke lie upamAna se alaga pramANa mAnane par3eMge / kadAcit 'yaha usase choTA hai, yaha usase bar3A hai, yaha usase vilakSaNa haiM' ityAdi pratItiyoMko mAnasika jJAna mAno to phira upamAnakA bhI mAnasa jJAna hI mAna lenA cAhie tAtparya yaha hai ki 'pratyabhijAnAmi' isa prakArakI pratIti se ina saba saMkalanAtmaka jJAnoMko pratyabhijJAna hI svIkAra karanA cAhie / 3 samasta deza aura samasta kAla-saMbaMdhI sAdhya - sAdhanabhAva ( avinAbhAvavyApti) Adi ( vAcyavAcakabhAva ) ko jAnane vAlA jJAna tarka hai / jaise 'jo bhI koI dhUma hotA hai, vaha saba agni hone para hI hotA hai. agnike binA nahIM hotA / ' tathA jo-jo ghaTa zabda hote haiM, ve saba ghaTa (artha) ke vAcaka hote haiM, jo-jo ghaTa padArtha haiM, ve saba 'ghaTa' zabdake vAcya hote haiM, ityAdi / svAbhAvika avyabhicAra* rUpa vyAptimeM bhUyodarzana - sahita anvaya aura vyatirekaMkI sahAyatA se bhI pratyakSa kI pravRtti nahIM ho sakatI, kyoM ki vyApti pratyakSakA viSaya hI nahIM hai / Azaya yaha hai ki pratyakSa indriyasambaddha aura vartamAnakAlIna vastuko hI jAna sakatA hai, trikAla - triloka-saMbaMdhI vyAptiko nahIM, kintu sakala sAdhya aura sAdhanake upasaMhAra-dvArA * avyabhicAra do prakArakA hai anopAdhika aura sopAdhika, jahA~ dhUma hotA hai vahA~ agni hotI hai. yahA~ napAdhika avyabhicAra hai / yahI svAbhAvika avyabhicAra kahalAtA hai / kintu jahA~ agni hotI hai vahA~ dhUma hotA hai, yahA~ sopAdhika avyabhicAra hai, kyoMki yahA~ gIle IMdhanakA saMyoga rUpa upAdhi hai, asala meM vyApti vahI hai jahA~ svAbhAvika anopAdhika avyabhicAra ho /

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pramANaparicchedAH sAdhya-sAdhana-darzana-smaraNapratyabhijJAnopajanitastarka eva tatpratItimAdhAtumalam / ___ atha svavyApakasAdhyasAmAnAdhikaraNyalakSaNAyA vyApteryogyatvAd bhayodarzanavyabhicArAdarzanasahakRtenendriyeNa vyAptigraho'stu, sakalasAdhyasAdhanavyaktyupasaMhArasyApi sAmAnyalakSaNapratyAsattyA sambhavAditi cet, na; 'tarkayAmi' ityanubhavasiddhana tarkeNaiva sakalasAdhyasAdhanavyaktyupasaMhAreNa vyAptigrahopapattI sAmAnyalakSaNapratyAsattikalpane pramANAbhAvAt, UhaM vinA jJAtena sAmAnyenApi sakalavyaktyanupasthitezca / vAcyavAcakabhAvo'pi tarkeNaivAvagamyate, tasyaiva sakalazabdArthagocaratvAt / prayojakavRddhoktaM zrutvA pravartamAnasya prayojyavRddhasya ceSTAmavalokya tatkAraNajJAnajanakatAM zabdevyAptikA grahaNa hotA to hai, ataH mAnanA par3egA ki sAdhya-sAdhanake darzana, smaraNa evaM pratyabhijJAnakI sahAyatAse utpanna honevAlA arthAt upasaMhAra karanevAlA tarka hI vyAptikA jJAna utpanna karane meM samartha hotA hai| zaGkA- svAbhAvika avyabhicArarUpa vyApti agara pratyakSakA viSaya nahIM to na sahI, hetu kI apane vyApaka sAdhyake sAtha samAnAdhikaraNatA rUpa vyApti to pratyakSa-yogya hai / kyoMki indriya-dvArA bhUyodarzana hotA hai aura vyabhicArakA darzana kabhI nahIM huA tathA sAmAnyarUpa pratyAsatti (saMbaMdha) ke dvArA sakala sAdhya-sAdhana rUpa vyaktiyoMkA upasaMhAra bhI pratyakSase saMbhava hai / tAtparya yaha hai ki vyaktiniSTha sAmAnAdhikaraNya, vyakti yadi pratyakSa hai to, pratyakSa hI hai / eka vyaktigata sAmAnAdhikaraNyakA indriyake sAtha sannikarSa laukika sannikarSa hai| kintu aneka vyaktiyoMmeM samAnarUpase rahanevAlA sAmAnya bhI to pratyakSa hotA hai aura usakA kAraNa alaukika sannikarSa hai / ataeva usa alaukika sannikarSake kAraNa sAdhya-sAdhanabhUta sakala vyaktiyoMke sAmAnAdhikaraNyakA bhI upasaMhAra pratyakSa hI kara legaa| ataeva tarkako pRthak pramANa mAnane kI AvazyakatA nahIM / samAdhAna-'tarkayAmi' isa pratItise tarka pramANa siddha hotA hai| isI tarkase samasta sAdhya-sAdhana vyaktiyoMkA upasaMhAra ho kara vyAptikA grahaNa hotA hai| Apa jo sAmAnyarUpa pratyAsattikI kalpanA karate haiM, usakI kalpanAmeM koI pramANa nahIM hai| sAmAnyakA jJAna ho jAne para bhI tarkake vinA samasta vyaktiyoMkI upasthiti grahaNa honA saMbhava nhiiN| vAcya-vAcakabhAva bhI tarka-dvArA hI jAnA jAtA hai, kyoMki tarka hI sakala vAcyoM aura vAcakoMko viSaya kara sakatA hai| ___ koI ghaTake vAcya-vAcakabhAvako na jAnanevAlA vyakti 'prayojaka vRddhake mukhase 'ghaTa' zabda sunakara aura prayojya vRddhakI kisI padArthako lAnekI ceSTA dekhakara yaha jAna letA hai 1 kisI jAnakAra ne 'kasI jAnakArase kahA-'ghaTa lAo' yahA~ Adeza denevAlA prayojakavRddha aura 2 Adeza kA pAlana karanevAlA prayojyavRddha hai|

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32 jaina tarka bhASA 'vadhArayanto (yato) 'ntyAvayavazravaNa-pUrvAvayavasmaraNopajanitavarNapadavAkyaviSayasaGkalanAtmakapratyabhijJAnavata AvApodvApAbhyAM sakalavyaktyupasaMhAreNa ca vAcyavAcakabhAvapratItidarzanAditi / ayaM ca tarkaH sambandhapratItyantaranirapekSa eva svayogyatAsAmarthyAtsambandhapratIti ca nayatIti naanvsthaa| pratyakSapRSThabhAvivikalparUpatvAnnAyaM pramANamiti bauddhAH; tanna; pratyakSapRSThabhAvino vikalpasyApi pratyakSagRhItamAtrAdhyavasAyitvena sarvopasaMhAreNa vyAptigrAhakatvAbhAvAt / tAddazasya tasya sAmAnyaviSayasyApyanumAnavat pramANatvAt, avastunirbhAse'pi paramparayA padArthapratibandhena bhavatAM vyvhaartHpraamaannyprsiddhH| yastu-agnidhUmavyatiriktadeze prathamaM dhUmasyAnupalambha ekaH, tadanantaramagnerupalambhastato dhUmasyeki 'ghaTa' zabda isa padArthakA vAcaka hai / usI samaya vaha gh +a + T + ake antima avayava 'a' kA zravaNa karatA hai, pUrva avayava 'gha' kA smaraNa karatA hai| isa zravaNa aura smaraNase use varNa, pada, vAkya aura viSayakA saMkalanAtmaka pratyabhijJAna utpanna hotA hai / tatpazcAt AvApa aura udvApake dvArA samasta vyaktiyoMkA upasaMhAra karake arthAt jo-jo ghaTa zabda hote haiM, ve saba ghaTapadArthake vAcaka hote haiM aura jo-jo ghaTa padArtha hote haiM, ve saba ghaTa zabdake vAcya hote haiM, isa prakArake vAcya-vAcakabhAvakI use pratIti hotI hai, aisA dekhA jAtA hai| yaha tarka pramANa kisI dUsare saMbaMdha ke jJAnakI apekSA na rakhatA huA apane hI sAmarthyake balase avinAbhAva yA vAcya-vAcakabhAvakA jJAna utpanna kara detA hai, ataeva anavasthA doSake lie koI avakAza nahIM hai| bauddha kahate haiM- tarka, pratyakSake pazcAt honevAlA vikalparUpa jJAna hai, ataeva vaha pramANa 1 nahIM hai / unakA kahanA ThIka nhiiN| pratyakSake pazcAt utpanna honevAlA vikalpa, pratyakSa dvArA jAne hue padArthako hI jAna sakatA hai, usase bhinna padArthako nahIM; ataeva sarvopasaMhAra karake (samasta dhUma agniko vyApta karake) vyAptikA grAhaka nahIM ho sktaa| tarka vikalparUpa hokara bhI aura sAmAnyakA grAhaka hokara bhI anumAnakI taraha pramANa hI hai| avastu (sAmAnya) ke jJAna (anumAna) meM bhI, paramparAse padArtha (vizeSa) kA saMbaMdha honeke kAraNa, bauddhoMne pramANatA mAnI hai| kisI kI mAnyatA hai ki-agni aura dhUmase rahita pradezameM kisIko pahale-pahala dhUma kA eka anupalaMbha huA-arthAt dhUma mAlUma nahIM huaa| usake pazcAt agnikA upalaMbha huA aura phira dhUma kA upalaMbha huA, isa taraha do upalaMbha hue| tatpazcAt agnikA anupalaMbha huA 1- bauddha nirvikalpa jJAnako hI pramANa mAnate haiN| 2- sAmAnyakA jJApaka honepara bhI manumAnako bauddhoMne pramANa mAnA hai|

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pramANaparicchedaH 33 tyupalambhadvayam, pazcAdagneranupalambho'nantaraM dhUmasyApyanupalambha iti dvAvanupalambhAviti pratyakSAnupalambhapaJcakAdvayAptigrahaH- ityeteSAM siddhAntaH, taduktam" dhUmAdhIrvahi navijJAmaM dhUmajJAnamadhIstayoH / pratyakSAnupalambhAbhyAmiti paJcabhiranvayaH / " iti, sa tu mithyA; upalambhAnupalambhasvabhAvasya dvividhasyApi pratyakSasya sannihitamAtraviSayatayA'vicArakatayA ca dezAdivyavahitasamastapadArthagocaratvAyogAt / yattu vyApyasyAhAryAropeNa vyApakasyAhAryaprasaJjanaM tarkaH / sa ca vizeSadarzanavad virodhizaGkAkAlIna pramANamAtra sahakArI, virodhizaGkAnivartakatvena tadanukUla eva vA / na cAyaM svataH pramANam' iti naiyAyikairiSyate; tanna; vyAptigraharUpasya tarkasya aura phira dhUmakA bhI anupalaMbha huA / isa taraha do anupalaMbha hue| ina pA~ca pratyakSa evaM anupalaMbharUpa jJAnoM se hI vyApti kA grahaNa ho jAtA hai / Azaya yaha hai ki vAra vAra dhUma aura agni ko sAtha-sAtha dekhane se aura vAra-vAra donoMkA hI anupalaMbha hone se yaha jJAna ho jAtA hai ki inameM koI saMbaMdha hai / magara jaba agnike dikhane para bhI dhUma nahIM dikhatA to yaha vizepatA bhI vidita ho jAtI hai ki dhUmake vinA agni to ho sakatI hai, para agnike vinA dhUma nahIM hotaa| isa prakAra jaba pratyakSa aura anupalaMbhase hI vyAptikA grahaNa ho jAtA hai to use grahaNa karane ke lie tarka- nAmaka pRthak pramANa mAnanA vyartha hai| unakA kahanA hai: dhUma kA jJAna na honA, agni kA jJAna honA aura dhUma kA jJAna honA, tathA agni aura dhUma donoM kA jJAna na honA-yaha pA~ca prakAra kA pratyakSa tathA anupalaMbharUpa jJAna hI vyAptikA nirNAyaka ho jAtA hai / unakA yaha kathana mithyA hai | cAhe upalaMbharUpa pratyakSa ho, cAhe anupalaMbharUpa pratyakSa ho, donoM hI prakAra kA pratyakSa indriya-saMbaddha padArthako hI grahaNa karatA hai aura Age-pIche kA vicAra na karake vartamAnakA hI grAhaka hotA hai / ataeva vaha zeSa-kAla Adi se vyavahita samasta padArthoMko viSaya nahIM kara sakatA / naiyAyikoM kI mAnyatA yaha hai ki vyApyakA *AhArya Aropa karake vyApakakA AhArya prasaMga denA tarka hai / jaise - parvata meM yadi agni na hotI to dhUma bhI na hotA / ' yaha tarka hai / 'tarka' svataH pramANa nahIM hai, vaha pramANakA sahAyaka hai yA pramANake anukUla hai, isa kAraNa pramANakA anugrAhaka mAtra hai / sthANu aura puruSa - viSayaka saMzayakI avasthAmeM honevAlA vizeSakA darzana jaise indriyakA sahakArI hotA hai yA dUsarI koTikA nivAraka mAtra hotA hai / usI prakAra tarka bhI pramANakA sahAyaka hokara athavA virodhizaMkAko dUra karake pramANake anukUla hota / kintu vaha svayaM pramANa nahIM hai / unakA yaha kathana yukti yukta nahIM hai / * bAdhanizcayakAlIna icchAjanitajJAna AhArya jJAna hai /

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34 jaina tarka bhASA sdaparavyavasAyitvena svataH pramANatvAt, parAbhimatatarkasyApi kvacidetadvicArAMgatayA, viparyayaparyavasAyina AhAryazaGkAvighaTakatayA, svAtantryeNa zaGkAmAtravighaTakatayA vopayogAt / itthaM cAjJAnanivartakatvena tarkasya prAmANyaM dharmabhUSaNoktaM satyeva tanna (tatra) mithyAjJAnarUpe vyavacchedye saMgacchate, jJAnAbhAvanivRttistvarthajJAtatAvyavahAranibandhanasvavyavasitiparyavasitaiva sAmAnyataH phalamiti draSTavyam / ( 4 anumAnaM dvadhA vibhajya svArthAnumAnasya lakSaNam / ) sAdhanAtsAdhyavijJAnam-anumAnam / tad dvividhaM svArtha parArthaM ca / tatra hetugrahaNa-sambandhasmaraNakAraNakaM sAdhyavijJAnaM svArtham, yathA gRhItadhUmasya smRtavyAptikasya 'parvato vahinamAn' iti jJAnam / atra hetugrahaNa-sambandhasmaraNayoH samuditayoreva kAraNa-tvamavaseyam, anyathA vismRtApratipannasambandhasyAgRhIliMgakasya ca kasyacidanumAnotpAdaprasaMgAt / vyAptiko grahaNa karanA jisakA svarUpa hai, aisA yaha tarka sva aura parakA vyavasAyI honese svayaM pramANa hai / naiyAyikoMke mAne hue tarkakA bhI kahIM-kahIM vyAptike vicArake aMga rUpameM, AhAryako saMkA arthAt 'pakSameM hetu ho kintu sAdhya na ho' isa prakArake vyabhicArako AzaGkAke nivArakarUpa meM aura jahA~ aisI zaGkA na ho vahA~ svatantrarUpa se zaGkA-nivArakake rUpameM upayoga hotA hai| yadi zaMkAnivAraka honese tarkakI pramANatA svIkAra kI jAya to AcArya dharmabhUSaNakA kathana kaise saMgata hogA ? unhoMne to ( 'nyAyadIpikA' meM ) ajJAnanivartaka honese tarkako pramANatA kahI hai ? isakA uttara yaha hai ki dharmabhUSaNane tarkako ajJAnanivartaka kahA hai, so vahA~ ajJAnakA abhiprAya mithyAjJAna samajhanA caahie| aisA mAnanepara koI asaMgati nahIM rhtii| aba raha gaI yaha bAta ki yadi tarka mithyAjJAnakA nivAraka honase pramANa hai to pramANamAtrakA ajJAnanivRttirUpa jo phala mAnA gayA hai, vaha tarkameM kaise ghaTita hogA? isakA uttara yaha hai ki jainadarzana meM sabhI jJAna svavyavasAyI haiM, ataH tarka bhI svavyavasAyasvarUpa hai aura svavyasAya hI vAstavameM ajJAna-nivRtti hai aura usIke kAraNa jJAnameM arthajJAnatAkA vyavahAra hotA hai / isa prakAra taka meM bhI ajJAnanivRttirUpa phala siddha ho jAtA hai| 4 --- sAdhanase sAdhyakA jJAna honA anumAna hai| anumAna do prakArakA hai-(1) svArthAnumAna aura (2) parArthAnumAna / hetukA grahaNa (jJAna) honese tathA vyAptikA smaraNa honese sAdhyakA jJAna honA svArthAnumAna hai / jaise-dhUmako pratyakSa jAnanevAle aura dhUma-agnikI vyAptikA smaraNa karanevAleko 'yaha parvata agnimAn hai' aisA jo jJAna hotA hai, vaha svArthAnumAna hai| yahA~ svArthAnumAnake do kAraNa batalAe haiM-hetugrahaNa aura vyaaptismrnn| yaha donoM milakara hI kAraNa hote haiM- alaga-alaga nahIM / anyathA jisane vyApti jAnI hI nahIM hai yA jo jAnakarabhUla gayA hai, use bhI anumAna ho jaaygaa| athavA jise vyAptikA smaraNa to hai magara hetukA

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pramANaparicchedaH 35 .. ( hetusvarUpacarcA / ) nizcitAnyathAnupapattyekalakSaNo hetuH, na tu trilakSaNakAdiH / tathAhi vilakSaNa eva heturiti bauddhAH / pakSadharmatvAbhAve'siddhatvavyavacchedasya, sapakSa eva sattvAbhAve ca viruddhatvavyudAsasya, vipakSe'sattvaniyamAbhAve cAnaikAntikatvaniSedhasyAsambhavenAnumityapratirodhAnupapatteriti; tanna; pakSadharmatvAbhAve'pi udeSyati zakaTaM kRttikodayAd, upari savitA bhUmerAlokavattvAd, asti nabhazcandro jalacandrAdityAdyanumAnadarzanAt / na cAtrApi 'kAlAkAzAdikaM bhaviSyacchakaTodayAdimat kRttikodayAdimattvAt' ityevaM pakSadharmatvopapattiriti vAcyam; ananubhUyamAnardhAmaviSayatvenetthaM pakSadharmatvopapAdane jagaddharmyapekSayA kAkakAryena prAsAdadhAvalyasyApi saadhnopptteH| grahaNa nahIM ho rahA hai, use bhI anumAna ho jaaygaa| magara ivako anumAna ho nahIM sktaa| Azaya yaha hai ki dhUmakA pratyakSa bhI ho aura avinAbhAvakA smaraNa bhI ho, tabhI anumAna ho sakatA hai| [hetu-svarUpa] nizcita rUpase anyathAnupapatti hI jisakA eka mAtra lakSaNa hai, vahI hetu hai / arthAt hetukA eka hI lakSaNa hai aura vaha hai anyathAnupapatti-sAdhyake abhAvameM na honA / hetu tIna lakSaNavAlA yA pA~ca lakSaNavAlA nahIM hotaa| bauddhamatake anusAra hetu trilakSaNaka hotA hai- (1) pakSadharmatva (2) sapakSasattva aura (3) vipakSavyAvRtti, yaha tIna hetuke lakSaNa haiM / inameMse pakSadharmatvake abhAvameM hetukI asiddhatA nahIM Tala sakatI, sapakSameM hI sattva hue vinA viruddhatA nahIM Tala sakatI aura vipakSa meM asattva hue vinA anekAntikatA nahIM Tala sakatI / aura ina tInoM doSoM ke abhAvake vinA anumAnakI utpatti nahIM ho sakatI / bauddhoMkA yaha kathana ThIka nahIM / pakSadharmatA arthAt hetuke pakSameM rahane ke abhAvameM bhI ye anumAna dekhe jAte haiM-(1) eka muhUrttake bAda zakaTa (rohiNI) nakSatrakA udaya hogA, kyoMki isa samaya kRttikAkA udaya hai| (2) Upara sUrya hai, kyoM ki pRthvI prakAzamaya hai / (3) AkAzameM candramA hai, kyoM ki jalameM candramA hai / yahA~ tInoM hetu pakSameM nahIM rahate, ataH 'pakSadharmatA nahIM hai; phira bhI ye gamaka haiN| ___ zaGkA- yahA~ dUsarI tarahase anumAna-vAkyakI racanA karake pakSadharmatva ghaTAyA jA sakatA hai / jaise- kAla yA AkAza, bhaviSyameM honevAle zakaTa nakSatrake udayavAlA hai, kyoMki kRttikAkA udayavAlA hai / isa prakArakI kalpanA karake pakSadharmatva yahA~ bhI ghaTAyA jA sakatA hai / yahA~ kRttikodayavattva hetu pakSa (kAla yA AkAzakA) dharma hai| samAdhAna-isa prakArase anubhavameM na AnevAle pakSakI kalpanA karake agara Apa pakSa

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jaina tarka bhASA nanu yadyevaM pakSadharmatA'numito nAMgaM tadA kathaM tatra pakSabhAnaniyama iti cet; kvacidanyathA'nupapattyavacchedakatayA grahaNAt pakSabhAnaM yathA nabhazcandrAstitvaM vinA jalacandro'nupapanna ityatra, kvacicca hetugrahaNAdhikaraNatayA yathA parvato vahinamAn dhUmavattvAdityatra dhUmasya parvate grahaNAdvanarapi tatra bhAnamiti / vyAptigrahavelAyAM tu parvatasya sarvatrAnuvRttyabhAvena na graha iti / yattu antarvyAptyA pakSIyasAdhyasAdhanasambandhagrahAt pakSasAdhyasaMsargabhAnam, taduktam-"pakSIkRta eva viSaye sAdhanasya sAdhyena vyAptirantAptiH, anyatra tu bahi ptiH" (pra. na. 3. 38) iti; tanna; antarvyAptyA hetoH sAdhyapratyAyanazaktau satyAM bahiryApterudbhAvanavyarthatvapratipAdanena tasyAH svarUpaprayukta (ktA) vyabhicAralakSaNatvasya, bahiyAptezca sahacAramAtratvasya lAbhAt, sArvatrikyA vyApteviSayabhedamAtreNa bhedasya durvacatvAt / na cedevaM tadAntAptigrahakAla eSa eva (kAla eva) dharmatva ghaTita kareMge to jagatko pakSa banAkara kAkakI kRSNatArUpa hetuse prAsAdakI dhavalatA bhI siddha ho jAyagI / arthAt yaha jagat prAsAdakI dhavalatAvAn hai, kyoMki kAkakI kRSNatAvAn hai, yahA~ bhI pakSadharmatva ghaTita ho jaaygaa| zaGkA- agara pakSadharmatA arthAt hetukA pakSake dharmarUpase honA, yaha anumitikA aMga nahIM hai to anumitimeM pakSake jJAnakA niyama kaise siddha hogA? samAdhAna-pakSakA jJAna kahIM-kahIM anyathAnupapattike avacchedaka-vizeSaNarUpameM ho jAtA hai, jaise-'AkAza-candra ke vinA jala-candra saMbhava nahIM', yahA~ para hotA hai / kahIM-kahIM hetu-grahaNake AdhArake rUpa meM pakSakA jJAna ho jAtA hai / 'jaise-parvata agnimAn hai, kyoMki dhUmavAn hai', isa sthalapara dhUmakA parvatameM grahaNa hotA hai, ataH agnikA bhI parvatameM hI bhAna hotA hai / hA~, vyApti-grahaNake samaya parvatakI sarvatra anuvRtti nahIM, ataH vahA~ usakA bhAna bhI nahIM hotA / koI kahate haiM- antarvyAptike dvArA pakSagata sAdhya-sAdhanasaMbaMdhakA grahaNa honese pakSa aura sAdhyake saMsargakA bhAna ho jAtA hai| kahA bhI hai- pakSa banAye hue hI viSayameM sAdhanakI sAdhyake sAtha vyApti honA antarvyApti hai, aura pakSase bhinna viSayameM sAdhanakI sAdhyake sAtha vyApti honA vahirvyApti hai / yaha mAnyatA saMgata nahIM hai; kyoMki antarvyApti ke dvArA hetukI sAdhyako batalAnekI zakti honepara bahirvyAptikA prakaTa karanA (kahanA) vyartha batalAyA gayA hai / isase yahI labdha hotA hai ki antarvyApti svAbhAvika apmacAra vAlI hai aura vahirvyApti usakI sahacAriNI mAtra hai / sarvatra-samasta vyaktiyoM meM samAna rUpase rahanevAlI vyAptimeM sirpha viSayake bhedase bheda karanA yogya nahIM / agara antarvyAptimeM pakSadharmatvakA bhAna hotA hI hai, aisA mAnA jAya to antarvyAptikA jJAna hote samaya hI yaha

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pramANaparicchedaH pakSasAdhyasaMsargabhAnAvanumAnavaika (pha) lyApattiH vinA parvato vahnimAnityuddezyapratItimiti yathAtantraM bhAvanIyaM sudhIbhiH / itthaM ca ' pakvAnyetAni sahakAraphalAni ekazAkhAprabhavatvAd upayuktasahakAraphalavadityAdau bAdhitaviSaye, mUrkho'yaM devadattaH tatputratvAt itaratatputravadityAdau satpratipakSe cAtiprasaMgavAraNAya abAdhitaviSayatvAsatpratipakSatvasahitaM prAguktarUpatrayamAdAya pAJcarUpyaM hetulakSaNam, iti naiyAyikamatamapyapAstam ; udeSyati zakaTamityAdau pakSadharmatvasyaivAsiddheH, sa zyAmastatputratvAdityatra hetvAbhAse'pi pAJcarUpyasattvAcca, nizcitAnyathAnupapattereva sarvatra hetulakSaNatvaucityAt / ( sAdhyasvarUpacarcA | ) na hetunA sAdhyamanumAtavyam / tatra kiMlakSaNaM sAdhyamiti cet; ucyate apratItamanirAkRtamabhIpsitaM ca sAdhyam / zaGkita viparItAnadhyavasitavastUnAM sAdhyatA 37 parvata agnimAn hai, isa uddezyapratItike vinA hI pakSa aura sAdhya ke saMsargaka / ( parvata meM agni astitvakA ) bhAna ho jAyagA; aisI sthiti meM anumAnakI koI sArthakatA nahIM rahegI / isa viSaya meM vidvAnoM ko zAstrAnusAra svayaM hI vicAra karalenA cAhie / mAnyatA anusAra hetumeM pA~ca lakSaNa hone caahie| pUrvokta tIna lakSaNoM meM avAdhitaviSayatva aura 2 asatpratipakSatvako milA denese hetuke pA~ca lakSaNa hote haiM / 'yaha Amraphala pake hue haiM, kyoMki eka hI zAkhAmeM utpanna hue haiM' ityAdi bAdhitaviSayameM hetukA atiprasaMga rokane ke lie abAdhitaviSayatva Avazyaka hai / tathA 'yaha devadatta mUrkha hai, kyoMki amukakA putra hai, anya putroMke smaan|' isa prakAra ke satpratipakSa hetuoMmeM atiprasaMga rokane ke lie asatpratipakSatvako hetukA lakSaNa mAnanA Avazyaka hai / Starfraint yaha mAnyatA bhI bauddhamatakI mAnyatAkA nirAsa karane se hI nirasta ho jAtI hai / kyoMki zakaTakA udaya hogA, kAraNa isa samaya kRttikAkA udaya hai, ityAdi hetuoM meM pakSadharmatva hI siddha nahIM hai / isake atirikta garbhastha maMtra-putra, zyAma hai, kyoMki vaha maitrakA putra hai; yahA~ hetvAbhAsa meM bhI pA~coM lakSaNa vidyamAna haiN| Azaya yaha hai ki kahIM-kahIM samIcIna hetumeM bhI pA~ca lakSaNa nahIM hote ataH hetuke ukta lakSaNoM meM avyApti doSa AtA hai aura kahIM-kahIM hetvAbhAsa meM bhI ve pAye jAte haiM, isa kAraNa ativyApti doSa AtA hai / ataeva nizcita anyathAnupapatti ko hI hetukA lakSaNa mAnanA ucita hai / sAdhyaH - hetu ke dvArA sAdhyakA anumAna kiyA jAtA hai / to sAdhya kise kahate haiM ? isa praznakA uttara yaha hai- jo apratIta ho arthAt prativAdIko siddha na ho, jo anirAkRta ho arthAt pramANase bAdhita na ho aura abhIpsita ho arthAt vAdIko siddha ho, vaha sAdhya kahalAtA hai / 1 pratyakSAdi kisI pramANase sAdhya meM bAdhA na aanaa| 2 samAna balazAlI virodhI hetukA na honA /

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jaina tarka bhASA pratipattyarthamapratItamiti vizeSaNam / pratyakSAdiviruddhasya sAdhyatvaM mA prasAi.kSIdityanirAkRtagrahaNam / anabhimatasyAsAdhyatvapratipattaye'bhIpsitagrahaNam / kathAyAM zaGkitasyaiva sAdhyasya sAdhanaM yuktamiti kazcit tanna; viparyastAvyutpannayorapi parapakSadikSAdinA kathAyAmupasarpaNasambhavena saMzayanirAsArthamiva viparyayAnadhyavasAyanirAsArthamapi prayogasambhavAt, pitrAdeviparyastAvyutpannaputrAdizikSaNapradAnadarzanAcca / na cedevaM jigISukathAyAmanumAnaprayoga eva na syAt, tasya sAbhimAnatvena viparyastatvAt / __ anirAkRtamiti vizeSaNaM vAdiprativAdyubhayApekSayA, dvayoH pramANenAbAdhitasya kathAyAM sAdhyatvAt / abhIpsitamiti tu vAdyapekSayava, vaktureva svAbhipretArthapratipAdanAyecchAsambhavAt / tatazca parArthAzcakSurAdaya ityAdau pArArthyamAtrAbhidhAne'pyAtmArthatvameva sAyaM (0meva sAdhyaM) sidhyati / anyathA saMhataparArthatvena bauddhazcakSu jisameM zaMkA ho, viparIta jJAna ho rahA ho yA anadhyavasAya ho vahI vastu sAdhya hotI hai, yaha sUcita karaneke lie 'apratIta' padakA prayoga kiyA hai| jo pratyakSa Adise bAdhita hai-vaha sAdhya na ho jAya, yaha sUcita karane ke lie 'anirAkRta' pada rakkhA hai / jise vAdI svayaM hI svIkAra nahIM karatA, usakI asAdhyatA prakaTa karaneke lie 'abhIpsita' padakA prayoga kiyA gayA hai| kisI-kisI kA kahanA hai ki kathA (vAda) meM saMdigdha sAdhya ko siddha karanA hI ucita hai; kintu yaha kathana ThIka nahIM / kyoM ki viparyasta (viparIta dhAraNA vAlA) aura avyutpanna (jise kisI pakSa kA jJAna na ho vaha) bhI parakIya pakSako dekhane-jAnanekI icchAse vAdameM utara sakatA hai / ataeva jaise saMzayakA nivAraNa karaneke lie anumAnaprayoga kiyA jAtA hai, usI prakAra viparyaya aura anadhyavasAyakA nivAraNa karane ke lie bhI anamAnakA prayoga ho sakatA hai| loka meM bhI mAtA-pitA Adi apane viparyasta aura avyatpanna putra Adiko zikSA dete dekhe jAte haiM / agara aisA na mAnA jAya to jigISuvAdama anumAnakA prayoga hI nahIM honA cAhie, kyoMki jigISukathAmeM prativAdI abhimAna- yukta honeke kAraNa viparyasta hotA hai-saMdehagrasta nahIM hotaa| sAdhyake lakSaNa meM 'anirAkRta' vizeSaNa vAdI aura prativAdI donoMkI apekSA hai| jo pramANase bAdhita na ho use hI donoMko sAdhya banAnA cAhie / 'abhIpsita' vizeSaNa sirpha vAdI kI apekSAse hai; kyoMki vAdIko hI apane ipTa arthakA pratipAdana karanekI icchA ho sakato hai / ataeva 'cakSu Adi indriyA~ parArtha haiM, isa sthala para sAmAnya rUpa se parArtha mAtra kahane para bhI 'AtmArtha sAdhya hotA hai / yahA~ 'parArtha'

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pramANaparicchedaH rAdInAmabhyupagamA (t sAdhanavaiphalyA) dityananvayAdidoSaduSTametatsAMkhyasAdhanamiti vadanti / svArthAnumAnAvasare'pi parArthAnumAnopayogyabhidhAnam, parArthasya svArthapuraHsaratvenAnatibhedajJApanArtham / vyAptigrahaNasamayApekSayA sAdhyaM dharma eva, anyathA tadanupapattaH, AnumAnikapratipattyavasarApekSayA tu pakSAparaparyAyastadviziSTaH prasiddho dharmI / itthaM ca svArthAnumAnasya trINyaGgAni dharmI sAdhyaM sAdhanaM ca / tatra sAdhanaM gamakatvenAMgam, sAdhyaM tu gamyatvena, dharmI punaH sAdhyadharmAdhAratvena, AdhAravizeSaniSThatayA sAdhyAddhe (sAdhyasiddhe)-ranumAnaprayojanatvAt / athavA pakSo heturityaMgadvayaM svArthAnumAne, sAdhyadharmaviziSTasya dharmiNaH pakSatvAt iti dharmadharmabhedAbhedavivakSayA pakSadvayaM draSTavyam / . kA abhiprAya 'AtmArtha' na mAnA jAya to yaha anumAna hI vyartha ho jAegA, kyoM ki cakSu Adi indriyoMko saMhataparArtha rUpameM to bauddha bhI svIkAra karate hI haiM, kintu ve para arthAt AtmAko nahIM mAnate ataeva isa anumAnake dvArA Atmasiddhi karAnA sAMkhyako iSTa hai / bauddha sAMkhyake isa sAdhanako ananvaya Adi doSoMse duSTa kahate haiN| tAtparya yaha hai ki sodhya vAdIkI icchAnurUpa hI hotA hai| isI kAraNa AtmAkA astitva siddha karane ke lie sAMkhya jaba kahatA hai ki cakSu Adi parArtha haiM, to usakA artha 'AtmArtha hai; yahI samajhA jAtA hai / svArthAnumAnake prakaraNameM parArthAnumAnake samaya upayogI honevAle viSayakA kathana yaha dikhalAne ke lie kiyA hai ki parArthAnumAna, svArthAnumAna-pUrvaka hotA hai; ataH donoM meM bahuta adhika antara nahIM hai| vyAptigrahaga ke samaya kI apekSA dharma hI sAdhya hotA hai / usa samaya agara dharma ko hI sAdhya na banAyA jAya aura dharmI (pakSa-parvata) ko bho sAdhya banA liyA jAya to vyApti bana nahIM skegii| jaise-jahA~ dhUma hotA hai vahA~ agni hotI hai, isa taraha vyApti banatI hai, parantu jahA~ dhUma hotA hai, vahA~ parvatameM agni hotI hai, aisI vyApti nahIM bana sakatI / ___anumAna karate samaya sAdhyadharmase yukta dharmI sAdhya hotA hai| dharmIko pakSa bhI kahate haiM aura vaha dharmI prasiddha hotA hai| (anumAna karate samaya sirpha yahI kahA jAya ki-agni hai, kyoM ki dhUma hai to yaha kahanA cUka ho jAyagA, kyoM ki isase agni sAmAnya kI hI siddhi hogI aura use siddha karanA vyartha hai-vaha to siddha hI hai|) isa prakAra svArthAnumAna ke tIna aMga haiM-dharmI, sAdhya aura sAdhana / sAdhana gamaka hone ke kAraNa, sAdhya gamya hone ke kAraNa aura dharmI sAdhya kA AdhAra hone ke kAraNa aMga haiM / kisI khAsa AdhAra meM hI sAdhya ko siddha karanA anumAna kA prayojana hotA hai / athavA-svArthAnumAnameM pakSa aura hetu yahI do aMga hote haiM; kyoM ki sAdhya dharmase . yukta dharmI pakSa kahalAtA hai| isa prakAra dharma aura dharmIke bhedakI vivakSAkI jAya to tIna

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40 jaina tarka bhASA dharmiNaH prasiddhizca kvacitpramANAt kvacidvikalpAt kvacitpramANavikalpAbhyAm / tatra nizcitaprAmANyakapratyakSAdyanyatamAvadhRtatvaM pramANaprasiddhatvam / anizcita-- prAmANyAprAmANyapratyayagocaratvaM vikalpaprasiddhatvam / tadvayaviSayatvaM pramANavikalpaprasiddhatvam / tatra pramANasiddho dharmI yathA dhUmavattvAdagnimattve sAdhye parvataH, sa khalu pratyakSeNAnubhUyate / vikalpasiddho dharmI yathA sarvajJo'sti sunizcitAsambhavadvAdhakapramANatvAdityastitve sAdhye sarvajJaH, athavA kharaviSANaM nAstIti nAstitve sAdhye kharaviSANam / atra hi sarvajJakharaviSANe astitvanAstitvasiddhibhyAM prAga viklpsiddhe| ubhayasiddho dharmI yathA zabdaH pariNAmI kRtakatvAdityatra zabdaH, sa hi vartamAna (naH) pratyakSagamyaH, bhUto bhaviSyaMzca vikalpagamyaH, sa sarvo'pi dharmAti pramANavikalpasiddho dhrmii| pramANobhayasiddhayodharmiNoH sAdhye kAmacAraH / vikalpasiddhe tu dharmiNi sattAsattayoreva sAdhyatvamiti niymH| taduktam "vikalpasiddha tammin sattetare sAdhye" (parI. 3. 23) iti| aMga haiM aura abhedakI vivakSA karake pakSako aMga mAnA jAya to do hI aMga haiM ; yaha donoM hI pakSa samajha lenA caahie| dharmIkI siddhi kahIM pramANase, kahIM vikalpase aura kahIM pramANa-vikalpa-donoMse hotI hai| jisakI pramANatA nizcita hai aise pratyakSa AdimeM se kisI bhI pramANase jo nizcata ho vaha pramANa-siddha dharmI kahalAtA hai / jinakI na pramANatA siddha hai aura na apramANatA hI siddha hai, aise jJAnase jo siddha ho vaha vikalpasiddha dharmI kahalAtA hai| jo pramANa aura vikalpa-donoMse siddha ho use, ubhayasiddha dharmI kahate haiM / parvata agnimAn hai, kyoM ki dhUmavAn hai, yahA~ parvata pramANasiddha dharmI hai, kyoM ki parvata pratyakSa pramANase dikhAI detA hai| ___'sarvajJa hai, kyoM ki bAdhaka pramANoMkA abhAva sunizcita hai|' yahA~ astitva sAdhyameM 'sarvajJa vikalpa-siddha dharmI hai| yA kharaviSANa nahIM hai ; yahA~ nAstitva sAdhyameM kharaviSANa vikalpasiddha dharmI hai| yahA~ sarvajJa aura kharaviSANameM astitva aura nAstitvakI siddhi hone se pahale ve vikalpasiddha haiN| ___ 'zabda pariNAmI hai, kyoM ki kRtaka hai; yahA~ zabda dharmI ubhaya-siddha hai / kyoM ki vartamAnakAlIna zabda pratyakSasiddha hai aura bhUta-bhaviSyatkAlIna vikalpasiddha hai / pramANasiddha aura vikalpasiddha dharmImeM icchAnusAra kisI bhI dharmako sAdhya banAyA jA sakatA hai; kintu vikalpasiddha dharmImeM sattA yA asattA hI sAdhya hote haiN| aisA niyama hai / parIkSAmukha meM kahA bhI hai-'vikalpasiddha dharmImeM sattA aura asattA hI sAdhya hote haiN|'

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42 pramANaparicchedaH atra bauddhaH sattAmAtrasyAnabhIpsitatvAdviziSTasattAsAdhane vAnanvayAdvikalpasiddhe dharmiNi na sattA sAdhyetyAha; tadasat; itthaM sati prakRtAnumAnasyApi bhaGgaprasaGgAt, vahnimAtrasyAnabhIpsitatvAdviziSTavanezcAnanvayAditi / atha tatra sattAyAM sAdhyAyAM taddhetuH- bhAvadharmaH, bhAvAbhAvadharmaH, abhAvadharmo vA syAt ? Adye'siddhi:, asiddhasattAke bhAvadharmAsiddheH / dvitIye vyabhicAraH, astitvAbhAvavatyapi vRtteH / tRtIye ca virodhAbhA ( virodho'bhA) vadharmasya bhAve kvacidapyasambhavAt, taduktam"nAsiddhe bhAvadharmo'sti vyabhicAryubhayAzrayaH / dharmo viruddho'bhAvasya sA sattA sAdhyate katham ? // " ( pramANavA0 1.192 ) iti cet; na; itthaM bahinamaddharmatvAdivikalpairdhUmena vahanyanumAnasyApyucchedApatteH / vikalpasyApramANatvAdvikalpasiddho dharmo nAstyeveti naiyAyikaH / tasyetthaM vacanasyaivAnupapattestUSNImbhAvApattiH, vikalpasiddhadharmiNo'prasiddhau tatpratiSedhAnupapatteriti / idaM tvavadheyam - vikalpasiddhasya dharmiNo nAkhaNDasyaiva bhAnama satkhyAtiprasaMgA 1 bauddhoMne paraspara vilakSaNa, kSaNika, niraMza aura vizeSa padArthoMko hI vAstavika tattva svIkAra kiyA hai / ve sattA (sAmAnya) ko svIkAra nahIM karate / ataH kahate haiM- vikalpasiddha dharmI meM jo sattA siddha kI jAtI haiM, vaha sAmAnya sattA hai yA viziSTa satA? sAmAnya sattA siddha karanA abhISTa nahIM hai aura viziSTa sattA siddha kI jAyagI to anvaya ( vyApti) nahIM banegIM / ataeva vikalpasiddha dharmImeM sattA sAdhya nahIM ho sakatI / unakA yaha kahanA asat hai / isa prakAra to dhUmase agnike anumAnakA bhI abhAva ho jAyagA / vahA~ bhI yahI kahA jA sakatA hai ki dhUma hetu se agni- sAmAnya siddha karanA hai yA koI viziSTa agni ? sAmAnya agni siddha karanA abhISTa nahIM, kyoMki vaha to siddha hI hai| viziSTa agniko siddha karanA hai to vyApti nahIM bana sakatI / arthAt jahA~ ghUma hotA hai, vahA~ vizeSa agni ( parvataniSTha agni) hotI hai, aisA anvaya nahIM bana sakatA / naiyAyikA kathana hai- 'vikalpa apramANa hotA hai, ataeva vikalpasiddha dharmI nahIM ho sakatA, arthAt jaba vikalpa svayaM apramANa hai to usase dharmIkI siddhi kaise ho sakatI hai ? magara usakA isa prakAra kahanA hI saMgata nahIM hai / yadi vikalpasiddha dharmI nahIM hai to usakA niSedha karaneke lie use mauna hI rahanA cAhie / vikalpasiddha dharmIkI prasiddhi ke abhAva meM usakA niSedha bhI nahIM ho sakatA / tAtparya yaha hai - vikalpasiddha dharmI nahIM hai' isa pratijJAvAkya meM 'vikalpasiddha dharmI svayaM vikalpasiddha dharmI hai / use svIkAra kiye vinA usakA niSedha nahIM ho sakatA / yahA~ dhyAna dene yogya tathya yaha hai - vikalpasiddha dharmIkA jJAna tIna prakArase ho sakatA hai - akhaNDa rUpase, viziSTa rUpase yA khaNDazaH prasiddha rUpase / akhaNDa rUpase usakA jJAnamAnane se asatvyAptikA prasaMga AtA hai ( vaha jainasiddhAnta se viruddha hai, kyoMki jainadarzanane asatkA

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42 jaina tarka bhASA diti, zabdAdeviziSTasya tasya (bhA) nAbhyupagame vizeSaNasya saMzaye'bhAvanizcaye vA vaiziSTayabhA (nA) nupapatteH vizeSaNAdyaMze AhAryAroparUpA vikalpAtmikavAnumitiH svIkartavyA, dezakAlasatAlakSaNasyAstitvasya, sakaladezakAlasattA'bhAvalakSaNasya ca nAstitvasya sAdhanena paraparikalpitaviparItAropavyavacchedamAtrasya phalatvAt / vastutastu khaNDazaH prasiddhapadArthA'stitvanAstitvasAdhanamevocitam / ataeva "asato natthi Niseho" (vizeSA0 gA0 1574) ityAdi bhASyagranthe kharaviSANaM nAstItyatra 'khare viSANaM nAsti' ityevArtha upapAditaH / ekAntanityamarthakriyAsamartha na bhavati kramayogapadyAbhAvAdityatrApi vizeSAvamarzadazAyAM kramayogapadyanirUpakatvAbhAvenArthakriyAniyAmakatvAbhAvo nityatvAdau susAdha (dhya) iti samyagnibhAlanIyaM svaparasamaya dttdRssttibhiH| jJAna svIkAra nahIM kiyA hai) zabda yA vyAptijJAna Adise, viziSTa vikalpa siddha dharmIkA jJAna mAnane para usake vizeSaNameM saMzaya honepara yA 2abhAvakA nizcaya honepara viziSTatAkA jJAna honA saMbhava nahIM hai, tathApi vizeSaNAdi aMzameM AhAryAropa rUpa vikalpAtmaka anumiti svIkAra karanA cAhie / amuka deza yA kAlameM sattArUpa astitva aura sakala deza tathA kAlameM abhAva rUpa nAstitvako siddha karanese anyakalpita viparIta samAropakA nirAkaraNa ho jAtA hai / yahI vikalpasiddhadharmIko svIkAra karanekA phala hai / vAstavameM to khaNDazaH prasiddha padArthakA astitva yA nAstitva (jaise prasiddha zRMga aMzameM prasiddha zazIyatvakA abhAva) siddha karanA hI ucita hai, arthAt pUrvokta tIna pakSoMmeMse tIsaga pakSa hI sarvathA nirdoSa hai| 'asato natthi Nise ho' ityAdi bhASyagAthAmeM 'kharaviSANaM nAsti' isa vAkyakA 'kharameM yA kharake mastakapara viSANa nahIM haiM, aisA hI artha pratipAdita kiyA gayA hai| 'ekAnta nitya padArtha arthakriyA karanemeM samartha nahIM hai, kyoMki usameM krama aura yogapadya kA abhAva hai, isa anumAnameM, vizeSa dharmoke parAmarzakI dazAmeM krama aura yogapadyake abhAvameM arthakriyA niyAmakatvakA abhAva ekAnta nityatva AdimeM vinA kisI kaThinAIke sAdhA jA sakatA hai| tAtparya yaha hai ki jainadarzanameM yadyapi ekAnta nitya padArtha siddha nahIM hai, kintu use vikalpasiddha mAnakara ekAnta nitya padArthameM arthakriyAkA abhAva siddha karane meM koI kaThinAI nahIM ho sktii| arthAt kisI padArthakI sattA arthakriyAse siddha hotI hai aura arthakriyA krama yA yaugapadyase siddha hotI hai / ataeva yadi krama aura yogapadyakA abhAva ho to arthakriyA nahIM aura arthakriyA na ho to sattA nhiiN| isa nyAyase nitya padArthameM arthakriyAkA abhAva siddha karanA sarala hai / isa viSayameM svasamaya aura parasamaya para dRSTi rakhane vAloMko samyak prakArase vicAra karanA caahie| 1 zazake viSANa hote haiM yA nahIM, aisA sandeha / 2 zazake viSANa nahIM hote, isa prakAra abhAvakA nizcaya / 3 bAdhakAlIna icchAjanya jJAna zRMgameM zazIyatvakA jJAna ho aisI icchAse utpanna honevAlA jJAna /

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pramANaparicchedaH ( parArthAnumAnasya pratipAdanam ) parAthaM pakSahetuvacanAtmakamanumAnamupacArAt, tena zroturanumAnenArthabodhanAt / pakSasya vivAdAdeva gamyamAnatvAdaprayoga iti saugataH; tanna; yatkiJcidvacanavyavahitAt tato vyutpannamateH pakSapratItAvapyanyAn pratyavazyanirdezyatvAt prakRtAnumAnavAkyAvayavAntaraikavAkyatApannAtto'vagamyamAnasya pakSasyAprayogasya ceSTavAt / avazyaM cAbhyupagantavyaM hetoH pratiniyatamidharmatApratipattyarthamupasaMhAravacanavat sAdhyasyApi tadartha pakSavacanaM tAthAgatenApi, anyathA samarthanopanyAsAdeva gamyamAnasya hetorapyanupanyAsaprasaMgAt, mandamatipratipattyarthasya cobhayatrAvizeSAditi / kiJca, pratijJAyAH prayogAnahatve zAstrAdAvapyasau na prayujyata, dRzyate ca prayujyamAneyaM zAkyazAstre'pi / parAnugrahArthaM zAstre tatprayogazca vAde'pi tulyaH, vijigISUNAmapi mandamatInAmarthapratipattestata evopapatteriti / [parArthAnumAna] sAdhanase sAdhyakA jJAna honA anumAna hai, yaha pahale batalAyA jA cukA hai| yahA~ parAoNnumAnakA nirUpaNa kiyA jA rahA hai / pakSa aura hetukA prayoga karanA parArthAnumAna hai| parArthAnumAna jJAnAtmaka na hokara vacanAtmaka honese upacArase pramANa mAnA gayA hai / upacAra kA kAraNa yaha hai ki vacanase zrotAko anumAnajJAna hokara arthakA bodha utpanna hotA hai / bauddhoMkI mAnyatA hai ki pakSa kA jJAna vivAdase hI arthAt jisa viSayameM vivAda khar3A huA ho umase ho jAtA hai, ataeva usake prayogakI AvazyakatA nahIM hai / yaha mAnyatA samIcIna nahIM hai / vyutpannamativAleko kisI bhI prAsaMgika anya vacanoMse vyavahita honepara bhI vivAdase pakSa kI pratIti ho bhI jAya to bhI dUsaroMke prati, jinheM usakI pratIti nahIM huI hai, pakSakA prayoga avazya karanA cAhie / prakRta anumAna vAkyake anya avayavoMse eka vAkyatAko prApta vivAdase agara pakSakI pratIti ho jAya to pakSakA prayoga na karanA bhI abhISTa hai| jaise pratiniyata dharmIkA dharma prakaTa karane ke lie bauddha hetukA upasaMhAra (upanaya) karate haiM, usI prakAra sAdhyako pratiniyata dharmIkA dharma siddha karaneke lie pakSakA prayoga bhI avazya karanA cAhie / arthAt jaise upanayakA prayoga karanese yaha pratIta ho jAtA hai ki hetu amuka dharmIkA dharma hai, usI prakAra pakSakA prayoga karanese yaha pratIta ho jAtA hai ki yaha sAdhya amuka dharmIkA dharma hai / yadi pakSake prayogako anAvazyaka kahA jAya to hetukA prayoga bhI anAvazyaka ho jAyagA, kyoMki samarthana karanese hI hetukI pratIti ho sakatI hai| yadi kahA jAya ki maMdabuddhiyoMko samajhAne ke lie hetukA prayoga karanA Avazyaka hai to pakSake viSayameM bhI yahI bAta samajha lenA caahie|

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44 jaina tarka bhASA AgamAtpareNaiva jJAtasya vacanaM parArthAnumAnam, yathA buddhiracetanA utpattimattvAt ghaTavaditi sAMkhyAnumAnam / atra hi buddhAvutpattimattvaM sAMkhyAne (khyena) naivAbhyupagamyate iti; tadetadapezalam ; vAdiprativAdinorAgamaprAmANyavipratipattaH, anyathA tata eva sAdhyasiddhiprasaMgAt / parIkSApUrvamAgamAbhyupagame'pi parIkSAkAle tadvAdhAt / nanvevaM bhavadbhirapi kathamApAdyate paraM prati yat sarvathakaM tat nAnekatra sambadhyate, tathA ca sAmAnyam' iti ? satyam; ekadharmopagate (me) dharmAntarasandarzanamAtraM ___isake atirikta, yadi pratijJA (pakSa) prayogake yogya nahIM hai to zAstrAdimeM bhI usakA prayoga nahIM karanA cAhie thA, magara bauddha-zAstrameM bhI usakA prayoga dekhA jAtA hai| yadi kahA jAya ki parAnugraha ke lie zAstrameM pratijJAkA prayoga kiyA jAtA hai to yaha bAta to vAdameM bhI samAna hai / mandamati vijigISu janoMko pakSaprayogase hI arthakA bodha ho sakatA hai| hetu vAdI aura prativAdI- ubhayako siddha honA cAhie, isa sarvasammata siddhAntake viruddha koI (sAMkhya) kahatA hai-kevala prativAdIko hI, usake Agamake anusAra jo siddha hai usa hetukA prayoga karanA parArthAnumAna kahalAtA hai| jaise- buddhi acetana hai, kyoMki vaha utpattimAn hai, jo utpattimAn hotA hai, vaha acetana hotA hai, jaise ghaTa / sAMkhyakA yaha anumAna parArthAnumAna hai / yahA~ 'utpattimattva' hetu svayaM sAMkhyako mAnya nahIM hai (kyoMki vaha kisI padArthakA utpAda athavA vinAza svIkAra nahIM karatA, sirpha AvirbhAva aura tirobhAva mAnatA hai) tathApi prativAdIko siddha hai ataH yaha parArthAnumAna hai / unakA yaha kathana ThIka nahIM, kyoMki AgamakI pramANatAke viSayameM vAdI aura prativAdIkA matabheda hotA hai| matabheda na ho to Agamase hI sAdhyakI siddhi ho jAya- anumAnakI AvazyakatA hI na rhe| kadAcit kahA jAya ki prativAdI anumAna karaneke bAda parIkSA karake Agamako svIkAra karegA; anumAna karate samaya to vaha yoM hI svIkAra kara letA hai aura usIke AdhArase hetukA prayoga karatA hai, to yaha kathana bhI ThIka nahIM hai, kyoMki parIkSAke samaya to usameM bAdhA hai (jisakI pramANatA nizcita nahIM hai aise Agamake AdhArapara hetukA prayoga. karanA samIcIna nahIM hai / ) zaGkA- yadi parakIya Agamase siddha hetukA prayoga karanA ucita nahIM hai to Apa sAmAnyake ekAnta ekatvakA niSedha karaneke lie kyoM naiyAyikake prati yaha doSApAdana karate haiM ki- 'jo sarvathA eka hotA hai, vaha anekoMmeM sambaddha nahIM ho sakatA; sAmAnya sarvathA eka hai to vaha anekoMmeM sambaddha nahIM honA cAhie ? arthAt yahA~ janoMne naiyAyika dvArA hI svIkRta sAmAnyakI ekatAko hetu banAkara usake anekatra saMbaMdhakA niSedha kiyA hai| yaha kisa prakAra saMgata ho sakatA hai ?

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pramANaparicchedaH (tra) tatparatvenaitadApAdanasya vastunizcAyakatvAbhAvAt, prasaMgaviparyayarUpasya maulahetoreva tanizcAyakatvAt, anekavRttitvavyApakAnekatvanivRttyaiva tanivRtteH maulahetuparikaratvena prasaMgopanyAsasyApi nyAyyatvAt / buddhiracetanetyAdau ca prasaMgaviparyayaheto Aptisiddhinibandhanasya viruddhadharmAdhyAsasya vipakSabAdhakapramANasyAnupasthApanAt prasaMgasyApyanyAyyatvamiti vadanti / - hetuH sAdhyopapattyanyathAnupapattibhyAM dvidhA prayoktavyaH, yathA parvato vahi namAn, satyeva vaha nau dhUmopapatteH asatyanupapattervA / anayoranyataraprayogeNaiva sAdhyapratipattau dvitiiypryogsyktraanupyogH| pakSahetuvacanalakSaNamavayavadvayameva ca parapratipattyaMgaM na dRSTAntAdivacanam, pakSaheta____samAdhAna-ThIka hai, yaha ApAdana vastukA nizcAyaka nahIM hai / isakA prayojana kevala itanA hI hai ki eka dharmako svIkAra karane para dUsarA dharma bhI avazya svIkAra karanA pdd'egaa| arthAt yahA~ sirpha yahI prakaTa kiyA gayA hai ki yadi sAmAnyako sarvathA eka svIkAra karate ho to usakA eka sAtha anekoMmeM rahanA svIkAra nahIM kara sakate aura yadi anekoMmeM rahanA svIkAra karate ho to use sarvathA eka nahIM mAna sakate / asalameM to prasaMga viparyayarUpa maulika hetu hI vastukA nizcAyaka hotA hai / maulika hetu yaha hai-sAmAnya anekarUpa hai, kyoMki anekoMmeM sambaddha hai, jo anekoMmeM sambaddha hotA hai, vaha aneka hotA hai| anekatva ekatvase viruddha hai aura anekavRttitva kI usake sAtha vyApti hai / jaba sAmAnyameM anekavattitva svIkAra kiyA hai to anekatva bhI svIkAra karanA cAhie / isa maula hetuke AdhAra para hI pUrvokta prasaMga diyA gayA hai / isa prakAra anekavRttitva ke vyApaka anekatva ke abhAvase anekavRttitvakA bhI abhAva ho jAtA hai| ataeva yaha prasaMgopanyAsa mUla hetukA parikara honese nyAyocita hI hai| magara 'buddhi acetana hai, kyoMki vaha utpattimAn hai yahA~ prasaMgakA upanyAsa karanA nyAyasaMgata nahIM hai, kyoMki utpattimattva aura acetanatvakI vyAptikI siddhi taba hotI yadi vaha caitanya aura utpattimattvakA virodha siddha karake vipakSa meM bAdhaka pramANa upasthita kara sakatA / kintu vaha vaisA karatA nahIM, ataeva prasaMgApAdana karanA usake lie ucita nhiiN| hetukA prayoga do prakArase karanA cAhie-sAdhyopapattike rUpase tathA anyathAnupapatti rUpase / sAdhyake honepara hI hetukA honA sAdhyopapatti hai, jaise-'parvata bahinamAna hai, kyoMki vahnike honepara hI dhUma ho sakatA hai' aura sAdhyake abhAvameM sAdhanakA abhAva honA anyathAnupapatti hai / jaise-kyoMki vahinake abhAvameM dhUma bhI nahIM ho sktaa|' ina donoM prakArake prayogoMmeM se kisI bhI ekake prayogase sAdhyakA jJAna ho jAnepara eka hI jagaha dUsare prayogakI koI upayogitA nahIM hai| pakSaprayoga aura hetuprayogarUpa do avayavoMse hI dUsareko pratipatti (bodha) ho jAtI hai

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jaina tarka bhASA vacanAdeva parapratipatteH, pratibandhasya tarkata eva nirNayAt, tatsmaraNasyApi pakSahetudarzanenaiva siddhaH, asamarthitasya dRSTAntAdeH pratipattyanaMgatvAttatsamarthanenai vaanyyaasiddheshc| samarthanaM hi hetorasiddhatvAdidoSAnirAkRtya svasAdhyenAvinAbhAvasAdhanam, tata eva ca parapratItyupapattau kimaparaprayAseneti ? / mandamatIMstu vyutpAdayituM dRSTAntAdiprayogo'pyupayujyate, tathAhi-yaH khalu kSayopazamavizeSAdeva nirNItapakSo dRSTAntasmAryapratibandhagrAhakapramANasmaraNanipuNo'parAvayavAbhyUhanasamarthazca bhavati, taM prati hetureva pryojyH| yasya tu nAdyApi pakSanirNayaH, taM prati pakSo'pi / yastu pratibandhagrAhiNaH pramANasya na smarati, taM prati dRSTAnto'pi / pastu dArTAntike hetuM yojayituM na jAnIte, taM pratyupanayo'pi / evamapi sAkAMkSa prati ca nigamanam / pakSAdisvarUpavipratipattimantaM prati ca pakSazuddhayAdikamapIti so'yaM dazAvayavo hetuH paryavasyati / ataeva yahI do parAAnumAna ke aMga haiM, dRSTAnta, upanaya aura nigamana nahIM / parapratipatti pakSa aura hetuke prayogase ho jAtI hai, avinAbhAva saMbaMdhakA nirNaya tarka pramANase hotA hai aura avinAbhAvakA smaraNa pakSa tathA hetuke pradarzanase ho jAtA hai / ataeva inameM se kisI bhI prayojanake lie dRSTAnta Adike prayogako AvazyakatA nahIM hai| samarthanake abhAvameM dRSTAna Adi pratipatti ke kAraNa nahIM hote haiM, aura samarthana honepara ve anyathAsiddha bana jAte haiN| ___asiddhatva Adi doSoM kA nivAraNa karake hetukA apane sAdhya ke sAtha avinAbhAva siddha kara denA samarthana kahalAtA hai / samarthanase hI parako pratIti ho jAtI hai, aisI sthiti meM parapratItike lie dUsare prayAsako AvazyakatA hI kyA hai ? hA~, mandabuddhi jijJAsuoMko samajhAneke lie dRSTAnta, upanaya aura nigamanakA prayoga karanA bhI upayogI hai / jisane apane kSayopazamakI viziSTatAse pakSakA nirNaya kara liyA hai, jo dRSTAntake dvArA smaraNa karAna yogya avinAbhAvake grAhaka tarka pramANako smaraNa karane meM kuzala hai tathA anyAnya avayavoMkA vicAra karane meM samartha hai, usake samakSa kevala hetukA prayoga karanA hI paryApta hai| usake liye pakSakA prayoga karanA Avazyaka nahIM hai, kintu jisane abhI taka pakSakA nirNaya nahIM kara pAyA hai, usake lie pakSakA bhI prayoga karanA ucita hai / jo avinAbhAva-grAhaka pramANa-tarka-kA smaraNa nahIM kara pAtA hai, usake lie dRSTAnta kA bhI prayoga karanA cAhie / jo dArTAntika (pakSa) meM hetukI yojanA karanA nahIM jAnatA usake lie upanayakA bhI prayoga Avazyaka hai| itanA karanepara bhI jo sAkAMkSa rahe arthAt adhika samajhanekA icchuka ho, usake lie nigamanakA bhI prayoga karanA caahie| jisako pakSa Adike svarUpake viSayameM vipratipatti ho, usake lie pakSa Adi pAMcoM avayavoMkI zuddhi bhI dikhalAnI caahie| isa prakAra parArthAnumAnake daza avayava bhI ho sakate haiN|

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pramANaparicchedaH ( hetuprakArANAmupadarzanam / ) sa cAyaM dvividhaH- vidhirUpaH pratiSedharUpazca / tatra vidhirUpo dvividhaH-vidhisAdhakaH pratiSedhasAdhakazca / tatrAdyaH SoDhA, tadyathA-kazcidvyApya eva, yathA zabdo' nityaH prayatnanAntarIyakatvAditi / yadyapi vyApyo hetuH sarva eva, tathApi kAryAdyanAtmavyApyasyAt (tra) grahaNAjhedaH, vRkSaH zizapAyA ityaaderpytraivaantrbhaavH| kazcikAryarUpaH, yathA parvato'yamagnimAn dhUmavattvAnyathAnupapattarityatra dhUmaH, dhUmo hyagneH kAryabhUtaH tadabhAve'nupapadyamAno'gni gmyti| kazcitkAraNarUpaH yathA vRSTirbhaviSyati, viziSTameghAnyathAnupapatterityatra meghavizeSaH, sa hi varSasya kAraNaM svakAryabhUtaM varSa gamayati / nanu kAryAbhAve'pi sambhavat kAraNaM na kAryAnumApakam, yata eva na vahinadhUmaM gamayatIti cet, satyam; yasminsAmarthyApratibandhaH kAraNAntarasAkalyaM ca nizcetuM zakyate, tasyaiva kAraNasya kAryAnamApakatvAt / kazcit pUrvacaraH, yathA udeSyati zakaTaM kRttikodayAnyathAnupapattarityatra kRttikodayAnantaraM muhUrtAnte niyamena zakaTodayo jAyata hetuke mUla do prakAra haiM- vidhirUpa aura pratiSedharUpa / inameMse vidhirUpa hetuke bhI do bheda haiM- vidhisAdhaka aura niSedhasAdhaka / vidhisAdhaka vidhirUpa hetu chaha prakArake hote haiN| 1- vyApyahetu, jaise- zabda anitya hai, kyoMki vaha prayatnajanya hai / anityatA ghaTa AdimeM tathA megha vidyut AdimeM pAI jAtI hai, kintu prayatnajanyatA sirpha ghaTAdimeM hai, megha vidyut AdimeM nahIM, ataeva prayatnajanyatva anityatvakA vyApya hai / yadyapi sabhI hetu vyApya hI hote haiM tathApi yahA~ usI vyApyakI vivakSA kI gaI haiM jo kArya Adi rUpa na ho| isa kAraNa vyApya hetu kAryAdi hetuoMse pRthak ginA hai / 'yaha vRkSa hai, kyoMki zizapA (sIsam) hai' ityAdi hetu bhI isImeM antargata haiM / 2-kAryahetu, jaisa-yaha parvata agnimAn hai, kyoMki agnimAn hue vinA dhUmavAn nahIM ho sakatA / yahA~ 'dhUma' hetu agnikA kArya hai aura agnike abhAvameM na hotA huA agnikA gamaka hai / 3- kAraNahetu, jaise-varSA hogI, kyoMki vRSTi meghoMkI anyathAnupapatti hai / 'megha' varSAkA kAraNa hai aura apane kArya varSAkA gamaka hai / __ zaGkA- kAraNa, kAryake abhAvameM bhI ho sakatA hai, ataeva vaha kAryakA anumApaka nahIM ho sakatA / isIse agni, dhUmakI anumApaka nahIM hotii| phira Apane kAraNako hetu kyoM kahA? samAdhAna- ThIka hai, kintu jahA~ yaha nizcaya kiyA jA sake ki isa kAraNakA sAmarthya apratibaddha hai arthAt usameM koI rukAvaTa nahIM hai tathA anyAnya kAraNoMkI pUrNatA hai, vahI kAraNa kAryakA anumApaka hotA hai / (kyoMki aise kAraNase kAryakI utpatti avazya hotI hai|) 4-pUrvacara hetu, jaise- muhUrttake pazcAt zakaTa nakSatrakA udaya hogA, kyoMki abhI kRttikAkA udaya hai / kRttikAke udayake bAda niyamase ekamuhUrtameM zakaTakA udaya hotA hai|

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48 jaina tarka bhASA iti kRttikodayaH pUrvacaro hetuH zakaTodayaM gamayati / kazcit uttaracaraH yathodagAddharaNiH prAk, kRttikodayAdityatra kRttikodayaH, kRttikodayo hi bharaNyudayottaracarastaM gayamatIti kAlavyavadhAnenAnayoH kAryakAraNAbhyAM bhedaH / kazcit sahacaraH, yathA mAtuliMga rUpavadbhavitumarhati rasavattAnyathAnupapatterityatra rasaH, raso hi niyamena rUpasahacaritaH, tadabhAve'nupapadyamAnastadgamayati, parasparasvarUpaparityAgopalambha-paurvAparyAbhAvAbhyAM svabhAvakAryakAraNebhyo'sya bhedH| eteSUdAharaNeSu bhAvarUpAnevAgnyAdIn sAdhayanti dhUmAdayo hetavo bhAvarUpA eveti vidhisAdhakavidhirUpAsta evAviruddhopalabdhaya ityucynte| dvitIyastu niSedhasAdhako viruddhoplbdhinaamaa| sa ca svabhAvaviruddhatavyApyAdyupalabdhibhedAt saptadhA / yathA nAstyeva sarvathA ekAntaH, anekAntasyopalambhAt / nAstyasya tattvanizcayaH, tatra sandehAt / nAstyasya krodhopazAntiH, vadanavikArAdeH / ataeva kRttikodaya pUrvacara hetu hai aura zakaTodayakA jJApaka hai / 5- uttaracara hetu- bharaNI nakSatrakA udaya ho cukA hai, kyoMki isa samaya kRttikAkA udaya hai / yahA~ 'kRttikodaya' uttaracara hetu hai aura vaha bharaNI nakSatrake udayakA jJApaka hai / pUrvacara aura uttaracara hetuoMmeM kAlakA vyavadhAna pAyA jAtA hai, kintu kArya aura kAraNameM vyavadhAna nahIM hotA / pUrvakSaNavartI kAraNa aura uttarakSaNavartI kArya hotA hai, ataeva kAryahetu aura kAraNahetuse yaha bhinna hai| 6-sahacarahetu, yathA- yaha bijaurA rUpavAn hai, kyoMki rasavAn hai / 'rasa' sahacarahetu hai aura rUpake sAtha hI honese rUpakA gamaka hai| ___ sahacara vastuoMkA svarUpa bhinna-bhinna hotA hai ataeva sahacarahetuko svabhAvahetumeM sammilita nahIM kara sakate aura unameM paurvAparyakA abhAva hotA hai arthAt ve kArya-kAraNakI taraha Age-pIche nahIM hote, isa kAraNa use kArya-kAraNa hetumeM bhI antargata nahIM kara sakate / ___ Upara jo chaha udAharaNa dikhalAe gae haiM, unameM dhUma Adi hetu svayaM sadbhAvarUpa haiM aura sadbhAvarUpa agni Adiko hI siddha karate haiM, ataeva ve vidhisAdhaka aura vidhirUpa haiN| yaha 'aviruddhopalabdhi' bhI kahalAte haiM / hetukA dUsarA prakAra viruddhopalabdhi hai| yaha niSedhasAdhaka hotA hai / isake svabhAva viruddhopalabdhi, vyApyaviruddhopalabdhi Adi sAta bheda haiM / yathA 1-sarvathA ekAntakA abhAva hai, kyoMki anekAntakI upalabdhi hotI hai| yaha viruddha svabhAvopalabdhi hetu hai, kyoMki 'anekAnta' hetu pratiSedhya ekAntase svabhAvase hI viruddha hai| 2-isa puruSako tattvakA nizcaya nahIM hai, kyoMki tattvameM sandeha hai| yaha viruddha vyApyopalabdhi hetu hai, kyoMki 'tattvasandeha' hetu pratiSedhya tattvanizcayase viruddha anizcayakA vyApya hai / 3-isa puruSa meM krodhakA upazama nahIM hai, kyoMki isake (cehare) para vikAra hai| yaha viruddha kAryopalabdhi hetu hai, kyoMki 'vadanavikAra' krodhake upazamase viruddha anupazamakA kArya hai| 4-isakA

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pramANaparicchedaH 49 nAstyasyAsatyaM vacaH, rAgAyakalaMkitajJAnakalitatvAt / nodgamiSyati muhUrtAnte puSyatArA, rohiNyudagamAt / nodagAnmuhUrtAtpUrva mRgaziraH, pUrvaphA (pha)lgunyudayAt / nAstyasya mithyAjJAnaM, samyagdarzanAditi / atrAnekAntaH pratiSedhyasyaikAntasya svabhAvato viruddhaH / tattvasandehazca prtissedhyttvnishcyviruddhtdnishcyvyaapyH| vadanavikArAdizca krodhopazamaviruddhatadanupazamakAryam rAgAdyakalaGkitajJAnakalitatvaM cAsatyaviruddhasatyakAraNam / rohiNyudgamazca pussytaarodgmviruddhmRgshiirssodypuurvcrH| pUrvaphalgunyudayazca mRgshiirssodyviruddhmghodyottrcrH| samyagdarzanaM ca mithyAjJAnaviruddhasamyagjJAnasahacaramiti / pratiSedharUpo'pi hetudvividhaH-vidhisAdhakaH pratiSedhasAdhakazceti / Adyo virudvAnupalabdhinAmA vidheyaviruddhakAryakAraNasvabhAvavyApakasahacarAnupalambhabhedAtpa dhA / yathA astyatra rogAtizayaH, niirogvyaapaaraanuplbdhH| vidyate'tra kaSTam, iSTasaMyogAbhAvAt / vastujAtamanekAntAtmakam, ekAntasvabhAvAnupalambhAt / astyatra chAyA, aussnnyaanuplbdhH| astyasya mithyAjJAnam, samyagdarzanAnupalabdheriti / vacana asatya nahIM hai, kyoMki yaha rAgAdise akalaMkita jJAnase sampanna hai| yaha viruddha kAraNopalabdhi hai, kyoMki rAgAdise akalaMkita jJAnase sampanna honA asatyase viruddha satya vacanakA kAraNa hai| 5-muhUrttake pazcAt puSyatArAkA udaya nahIM hogA kyoMki abhI rohiNIkA udaya hai| yaha viruddha-pUrvacara hetu hai, kyoMki rohiNIkA udaya puSyatArAke udayase viruddha mRgazIrSa nakSatra ke udayakA pUrvacara hai| 6-muhurta pahale mRgazIrSakA udaya nahIM huA hai, kyoMki isa samaya pUrvaphalgunI nakSatrakA udaya hai / yaha viruddha-uttaracara hetu hai, kyoMki pUrvaphalgunIkA udaya mRgazIrSake udayase viruddha maghA nakSatrake udayakA uttaracara hai / 7-isa puruSameM mithyA jJAna nahIM hai, kyoMki samyagdarzanakA sadbhAva hai| yaha viruddha sahacaropalabdhi hetu hai, kyoMki samyagdarzana, mithyAjJAnase viruddha samyagjJAnakA sahacara hai| pratiSedharUpa hetu bhI do prakArakA hai- vidhisAdhaka aura niSedhasAdhaka / jo hetu svayaM niSedharUpa ho kintu vidhikA sAdhaka ho, vaha 'viruddhAnupalabdhi' kahalAtA hai| usake pA~ca bheda haiM (1) sAdhyaviruddha kAryAnupalabdhi (2) sAdhyaviruddhakAraNAnupalabdhi (3) sAdhyaviruddhabhAvAnupalabdhi (4) sAdhyaviruddhavyApakAnupalabdhi (5) sAdhyaviruddhasahacarAnupalabdhi / inake udAharaNa kramazaH isa prakAra haiM 1-isa puruSameM rogakI tIvratA hai, kyoMki nIroga vyApArakI anupalabdhi hai / 2-isako kaSTa hai, kyoMki iSTa-saMyogakA abhAva hai| 3-vastu anekAntAtmaka hai, kyoMki ekAnta svabhAvakI anupalabdhi hai| 4-yahA~ chAyA hai, kyoMki uSNatAkI anupalabdhi hai / 5-isameM mithyAjJAna hai, kyoMki samyagdarzanakI anupalabdhi hai / ina hetuoMko pUrvokta hetuoMkI bhA~ti samajha lenA caahie|

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jaina tarka bhASA dvitIyo'viruddhAnupalabdhinAmA pratiSedhyAviruddhasvabhAvavyApakakAryakAraNapUrvacarottaracarasahacarAnupalabdhibhedAt sptdhaa| yathA nAstyatra bhUtale kumbhaH, upalabdhilakSaNaprAptasya tatsvabhAvasyAnupalambhAt / nAstyatra panasaH, pAdapAnupalabdheH / nAstyatrApratihatazaktikam bIjam, aMkurAnavalokanAt / na santyasya prazamaprabhRtayo bhAvAH, tattvArthazraddhAnAbhAvAt / nodgamiSyati muhUrtAnte svAtiH, citrodayAdarzanAt / nodagamatpUrvabhadrapadA muhUrtAtpUrvam, uttarabhadrapadodgamAnavagamAt / nAstyatra samyagjJAnam, samyagdarzanAnupalabdheriti / so'yamanekavidho'nyathAnupapattyekalakSaNo heturukto'to'nyo hetvaabhaasH| ( hetvAbhAsanirUpaNam ) sa tredhA-asiddhaviruddhAnakAntikabhedAt / tatrApratIyamAnasvarUpo heturasiddhaH / svarUpApratItizcAjJAnAtsandehAdviparyayAdvA / sa dvividhaH-ubhayAsiddho'nyatarAsiddhazca / Adyo yayA zabda: pariNAmI cAkSuSatvAditi / dvitIyo yathA acetanAstaravaH, vijJA ____ jo hetu svayaM niSedha rUpa ho aura niSedhakA hI sAdhaka ho, vaha 'aviruddhAnupalabdhi' hai sAdhyase aviruddha (1) svabhAvAnupalabdhi Adi usake sAta bheda kahe jAte haiN| 1-svabhAvAnupalabdhi-isa bhUtalapara kuMbha nahIM hai, kyoMki vaha upalabdhi ke yogya hone para bhI upalabdha nahIM ho rahA hai / 2-vyApakAnupalabdhi-yahA~ panasa nahIM hai, kyoMki vRkSa nahIM hai / 3-kAryAnupalabdhi-yahA~ apratihata zaktivAlA-jisake sAmarthya meM koI rukAvaTa na ho aisA bIja nahIM hai, kyoMki aMkura nahIM dekhA jAtA hai| 4-kAraNAnupalabdhi-isa puruSa meM prazama Adi bhAva nahIM haiM, kyoMki tattvArtha-zraddhAkA abhAva hai| 5-pUrvacarAnupalabdhi- muhUrta ke bAda svAti nakSatrakA udaya nahIM hogA, kyoMki isa samaya citrAkA udaya nahIM hai / 6- uttaracarAnupalabdhi- muhUrta se pahale pUrvabhadrapadAkA udaya nahIM huvA hai kyoMki isa samaya uttarabhadrapadAkA udaya nahIM hai / 7 - sahacarAnupalabdhi-isa puruSameM samyagjJAna nahIM hai, kyoMki samyagdarzana kI anupalabdhi hai| eka mAtra anyathAnupapatti lakSaNavAlA hetu aneka prakArakA kahA gayA hai / jo hetu isase bhinna hai arthAt jisameM nizcita anyathAnupapatti nahIM hai, vaha hetu nahIM, hai hetvAbhAsa hai| hetvAbhAsa-isake tIna bheda haiM- (1) asiddha (2) viruddha aura (3) anaikAntika / jisa hetukA svarUpa apratIta ho / siddha na ho, vaha asiddha hetvAbhAsa kahalAtA hai / hetu ke svarUpa kA jJAna na honese, usameM saMdeha honese yA viparyaya hone se usakI apratIti hotI hai| asiddha hetvAbhAsa do prakAra kA hai- ubhayAsiddha arthAt jo vAdI aura prativAdIdonoMko siddha na ho aura anyatarAsiddha arthAt jo donoMmeM se kisI eka ko siddha na ho|' zabda pariNAmI hai, kyoMki vaha cakSu indriyakA viSaya hai, yaha hetu ubhayAsiddha hai / 'vRkSa acetana

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pramANaparicchedaH nendriyAyunirodhalakSaNamaraNarahitatvAt, acetanAH sukhAdayaH utpattimattvAditi vaa| nanvanyatarAsiddho hetvAbhAsa eva nAsti, tathAhi-pareNAsiddha ityudbhAvite yadi vAdI na tatsAdhakaM pramANamAcakSIta, tadA prmaannaabhaavaadubhyorpysiddhH| athAcakSIta tadA pramANasyApakSapAtitvAdubhayorapi siddhH| atha yAvanna paraM prati pramANena prasAdhyate, tAvattaM pratyasiddha iti cet ; gauNaM tadyasiddhatvam, na hi ratnAdipadArthastattvato'pratIyamAnastAvantamapi kAlaM mukhyatayA tdaabhaasH| kiJca, anyatarAsiddho yadA hetvAbhAsastadA vAdI nigRhItaH syAt, na ca nigRhItasya pazcAdanigraha iti yuktam / nApi hetusamarthanaM pazcAdyuktam, nigrahAntatvAdvAdasyeti / atrocyate-yadA vAdI samyagghetutvaM pratipadya mAno'pi tatsamarthananyAyavismaraNAdinimittena prativAdinaM prAznikAn vA pratibodha yatuM na zaknoti, asiddhatAmapi nAnumanyate, tadAnyatarAsiddhatvenaiva nigRhyate / tathA, svayamanabhyupagato'pi parasya siddha ityetAvAne (ityetAvata) vopahaiM kyoMki ve vijJAna, indriya aura Ayunirodha rUpa maraNase rahita haiM, yaha tathA 'sukha Adi acetana haiM, kyoMki ve utpattimAna haiM 'yaha hetu anyatarAsiddha hai| inameM prathama jainoMko aura dUsarA sAMkhyako siddha nahIM hai| zaGkA-koI hetvAbhAsa anyatarAsiddha ho hI nahIM sktaa| vAdIne hetukA prayoga kiyA aura prativAdIne usameM asiddhatA doSakA udbhAvana kiyaa| aisI sthitimeM yadi vAdI use siddha karane ke liye koI pramANa upasthita na kare to pramANa ke abhAvameM donoMke lie hI vaha asiddha ho jAyagA, isake viparIta yadi vAdI sAdhaka pramANa upasthita kara de to donoMke liye siddha ho jAyagA / pramANa pakSapAtI nahIM hotA ki ekake liye siddha kara de aura dUsare ke liye na kare / kadAcit kahA jAya ki jabataka prativAdIke prati pramANase siddha nahIM kiyA gayA tabataka usake liye asiddha honese anyatarAsiddha hetu kahalAtA hai, to yaha asiddhatA gauNa hai, vAstavika nahIM / koI ratna Adi padArtha jabataka ratna Adike rUpa meM pratIta na ho tabataka vaha vAstava meM ratnAbhAsa nahIM kahA jA sktaa| isake atirikta anyatarAsiddha yadi hetvAbhAsa hai to usakA prayoga karanese vAdI nigrahasthAnako prApta ho jAegA aura nigRhItakA phira anigraha honA yukta nahIM hai / nigRhIta ho jAne ke pazcAt hetukA samarthana karanA bhI yogya nahIM hai, kyoMki nigRhIta honepara vAdakA anta ho jAtA hai| . samAdhAna-jaba vAdI samyak hetuko svIkAra karatA huA bhI usake samarthana karanevAlI yuktike vismaraNa Adi kisI kAraNase prativAdIko yA prAznikoM (samyoM) ko samajhA nahIM sakatA aura apane hetukI asiddhatAko bhI svIkAra nahIM karatA, taba anyatarAsiddhase hI vaha nigRhIta ho jAtA hai / isake atirikta, jisa hetuko vAdI svayaM svIkAra na karatA ho kintu prativAdIko siddha hai, aimA samajhakara prayukta kara de to vaha hetu anyatarAsiddha hotA hai

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jaina tarka bhASA nyasto heturanyatarAsiddho nigrahAdhikaraNam, yathA sAMkhyasya jainaM prati 'acetanA: sukhAdaya utpattimattvAt ghaTavat' iti / ___ sAdhyaviparItavyApto viruddhH| yathA apariNAmI zabdaH kRtakatvAditi / kRtakatvaM dyapariNAmitvaviruddhena pariNAmitvena vyaaptmiti| / yasyAnyathAnupapattiH sandihyate so'nakAntikaH / sa dvedhA-nirNItavipakSavRttikaH sandigdhavipakSavRttikazca / Adyo yathA nityaH zabdaH prameyatvAt / atra hi prameyatvasya vRttinitye vyomAdau sapakSa iva vipakSe'nitye ghaTAdAvapi nishcitaa| dvitIyo yathA abhimataH sarvajJo na bhavati vaktRtvAditi / atra hi vaktRtvaM vipakSe sarvajJe saMdigdhavRttikam, sarvajJaH kiM vaktA''hosvinneti sandehAt / evaM sa zyAmo mitraaputrtvaadityaadypyudaahaarym| akiJcitkarAkhyazcaturtho'pi hetvAbhAsabhedo dharmabhUSaNenodAhRto na zraddhayaH / siddhasAdhano bAdhitaviSayazceti dvividhasyApyaprayojakAha vayasya tasya pratIta-nirAkRtAkhyapakSAbhAsabhedAnatiriktatvAt / na ca yatra pakSadoSastatrAvazyaM hetudoSo'pi vAcyaH, aura vaha nigrahakA sthAna hai / jaise sAMkhya, jainoMke prati kahe-'sukha Adi acetana haiM, kyoMki ve utpattimAn haiM' jaise ghaTa / yahA~ utpattimattva svayaM sAMkhyako abhimata nahIM hai tathApi jainoM ko abhimata samajhakara vaha prayukta karatA hai| ataeva yaha hetu anyatarAsiddha hai / . jo hetu sAdhyase viparItake sAtha vyApta ho vaha viruddha hetvAbhAsa kahalAtA hai / jaisezabda apariNAmI hai, kyoMki vaha kRtaka hai / yahA~ kRtakatva hetukI apariNAmitva sAdhyase viruddha pariNAmitvake sAtha vyApti hai| jisa hetukI vyApti saMdigdha ho, vaha anaikAntika kahalAtA hai| isake do bheda haiM(1) nirNItavipakSavRttika arthAt jisakA vipakSa meM rahanA nizcita ho aura (2) saMdigdhavipakSavRttika arthAt jisakA vipakSameM rahanA saMdigdha ho / 'zabda' nitya hai, kyoMki prameya hai / yaha nirNItavipakSavRttika anaikAntika hetvAbhAsa hai| yahA~ prameyatva hetu jisa prakAra AkAza Adi sapakSameM rahatA hai, usI prakAra vipakSa anitya ghaTa AdimeM bhI nizcita rUpase rahatA hai| 'vivakSita puruSa sarvajJa nahIM hai, kyoMki vaha vaktA hai' yaha saMdigdhavipakSavRttika hai yahA~ vaktRtva hetukA vipakSa sarvajJameM rahanA saMdigdha hai, kyoMki kyA sarvajJa vaktA hotA hai / athavA nahIM ? aisA sandeha hotA hai / isI prakAra 'garbhastha mitraputra zyAma hai, kyoMki vaha mitrAkA putra hai' ityAdi udAharaNa bhI yahA~ samajha lene caahie| dharmabhUSaNane akiMcitkara nAmaka cauthA hetvAbhAsakA bheda batalAyA hai / vaha zraddheya nahIM hai / akiMcitkarake do bheda haiM-siddhasAdhana aura bAdhitaviSaya / magara yaha donoM prakArakA aprayojaka hetvAmAsa pratItapakSAbhAsa aura nirAkRtapakSAbhAsameM antargata ho jAtA hai| jahA~

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53 pramANaparicchedaH dRSTAntAdidoSasyApyavazyaM vaacytvaaptteH| etena kAlAtyayApadiSTo'pi pratyukto veditavyaH / prakaraNasamo'pi nAtiricyate, tulyabalasAdhyatadviparyayasAdhakahetudvayarUpe satyasmin prakRtasAdhyasAdhanayoranyathAnupapattyanizcaye'siddha evAntarbhAvAditi sNkssepH| (5 AgamapramANanirUpaNam) AptavacanAdAvirbhUtamarthasaMvedanamAgamaH / na ca vyAptigrahaNabalenArthapratipAdakatvAddhUmavadasyAnumAne'ntarbhAvaH, kUTAkUTakArSApaNapravaNapratyakSavadabhyAsadazAyAM vyAptigrahanarapekSyaNavAsyArthabodhakatvAt / yathAsthitArthaparijJAnapUrvakahitopadezapravaNa AptaH, varNapadavAkyAtmakaM tadvacanam, varNo'kArAdiH paudgalikaH, padaM saGketavat, anyo'nyApekSANAM padAnAM samudAyo vAkyam / pakSa-saMbaMdhI doSa ho vahA~ hetumeM bhI avazya doSa honA cAhie, aisA kahanA ucita nahIM hai / agara pakSake doSase hetu dUSita mAnA jAya taba to dRSTAnta Adike doSase bhI hetumeM doSa mAnanA par3egA / isa kathanase kAlAtyayApadiSTa nAmaka hetvAbhAsakA bhI niSedha samajha lenA cAhie, kyoMki vaha bhI nirAkRtapakSAbhAsameM sammilita hai / prakaraNasamanAmaka hetvAbhAsa bhI pRthak nahIM hai jisa hetukA tulyabalavAlA virodhI. hetu vidyamAna ho vaha prakaraNasama kahalAtA hai| sAdhyako aura sAdhyaviparyayako siddha karanevAle donoM hetuoMkI vyApti nizcita na honese asiddha hetvAbhAsameM hI unakA antarbhAva ho jAtA hai / 5-jo vastusvarUpakA yathArtha jJAtA aura yathArtha vaktA ho aise Apta puruSake vacanase utpanna honevAlA padArthakA saMvedana 'Agama' kahalAtA hai| vaizeSikoMkI mAnyatA hai ki Agama pramANa to hai, kintu vaha dhUmAnumAnakI taraha anumAnameM hI antargata hai / jaise anumAna pramANa vyApti-grahaNake balase arthakA pratipAdana karatA hai, usI prakAra Agama bhii| ataeva use pRthak pramANa nahIM mAnanA caahie| unakI mAnyatA samIcIna nahIM hai / asalI yA nakalI kArSApaNa (sikkA-vizeSa) kA nirNaya karanevAlA pratyakSa jaise abhyasta (paricita) dazAmeM vyAptike grahaNakI apekSA nahIM rakhatA aura vyAptigrahaNake vinA hI arthabodhaka hotA hai, usI prakAra anumAna bhI abhyAsadazAmeM vyAptigrahaNakI apekSA nahIM rkhtaa| ataeva anumAnameM usakA antarbhAva nahIM ho sktaa| (anabhyAsadazAmeM jahA~ vyAptigrahaNakI AvazyakatA rahatI hai vahA~ use anumAnarUpa mAnane meM koI bAdhA nhiiN|) jo puruSa padArthake vAstavika svarUpako jAna kara hitakA upadeza karane meM kuzala ho, vaha Apta kahalAtA hai| usake vacana, varNa, pada aura vAkyarUpa hote haiN| bhASAvargaNAke pudgaloMse bane hue 'akAra' Adi varNa kahalAte haiN| jisameM kisI arthakA saMketa hosake arthAt jo varNasamUha sArthaka ho, vaha pada kahalAtA hai| paraspara sApekSa padoMkA samUha-jise arthabodha karAnemeM kisI anya padakI apekSA na ho, vAkya kahalAtA hai|

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jaina tarka bhASA tadidamAgamapramANaM sarvatra vidhipratiSedhAbhyAM svArthamabhidadhAnaM saptabhaMgImanagacchati, tathaiva paripUrNArthaprApakatvalakSaNatAttvikaprAmANyanirvAhAt, kvacidekabhaGgadarza ne'pi vyutpannamatonAmitarabhaMgAkSepadhrauvyAt / yatra tu ghaTo'stItyAdilokavAkye saptabhaMgIsaMsparzazUnyatA tatrArthaprApakatvamAtreNa lokApekSayA prAmANye'pi tattvato na prAmANyamiti drssttvym| ( saptabhaMgIsvarUpacarcA ) keyaM saptabhaMgIti ceducyate---ekatra vastunyakaikadharmaparyanuyogavazAdavirodhena vyastayoH samastayozca vidhiniSedhayoH kalpanayA syAtkArAGkitaH saptadhA vAkprayogaH sptbhNgii| iyaM ca saptabhaMgI vastuni pratiparyAya saptavidhadharmANAM sambhavat sptvidhsNshyotthaapitsptvidhjijnyaasaamlsptvidhprshnaanurodhaaduppdyte| tatra syAdastyeva sarvamiti prAdhAnyena vidhikalpanayA prathamo bhNgH| syAt-kathaJcit svadravyakSetrakAlabhAvApekSayetyarthaH / asti hi ghaTAdikaM dravyataH pArthivAditvena, na jalAditvena / kSetrataH yaha Agama pramANa sarvatra vidhi aura niSedhake dvArA apane pratipAdya viSayakA pratipAdana karatA huA saptabhaMgIko prApta hotA hai / saptabhaMgIke rUpameM hI vaha padArtha kA pUrNarUpase nirUpaNa kara sakatA hai aura apanI vAstavikatAkA nirvAha kara sakatA hai| AgamameM kahIM-kahIM eka bhaMga hI dekhA jAtA hai, tathApi buddhimAnoMko usa eka bhaMgase hI anya (chaha) bhaMgoMko samajha lenA caahie| 'ghaTa hai' ityAdi laukikavAkyoMmeM jahA~ saptabhaMgokA saMsparza nahIM hai, vahA~ yaha vAkya arthaprApaka hone ke kAraNa hI lokakI apekSAmAtrase pramANa hai, kintu usameM tAttvika pramANatA nahIM hai| _____ saptabhaMgI-saptabhaMgI kyA hai, yaha batalAte haiN| kisI bhI eka vastuke eka-eka dharma-saMbaMdhI praznake anurodhase, 'syAt' (kathaMcit) zabdase yukta sAta prakArakA vacana-prayoga saptabhaMgI kahalAtA hai / vaha vacanaprayoga vivakSAoMkI bhinnatAse isa prakAra kiyA jAtA hai ki usameM paraspara virodha na ho / kisImeM vidhikI kalpanA hotI hai, kisI meM akele niSedhako aura kisI meM mile hue vidhi-niSedhakI-donoMkI kalpanA hotI hai / eka vastuke eka paryAyameM sAta prakArake hI dharma saMbhava haiM-usase nyUna yA adhika nahIM, ataeva sAta prakArake hI saMzaya utpanna hote haiM, sAta hI prakAra ke saMzaya honekA kAraNa yaha hai ki jijJAsuko jijJAsAeM sAta prakArakI hI hotI haiM / jaba jijJAsAeM sAta prakArako hotI haiM to jijJAsAprerita prazna bhI sAta hI ho sakate haiM aura cUMki prazna sAta hote haiM, ataeva unake uttarasvarUpa bhaMga bhI sAta hI hote haiN| yahA~ astitva paryAyako lekara sAta bhaMga dikhAte haiM 1-syAt saba padArtha haiM hI, isa prakAra pradhAna rUpase vidhikI vivakSAse prathama bhaMga hotA hai / yahA~ 'spAt' kA artha hai kathaMcit / arthAt saba padArtha apane dravya, kSetra, kAla aura bhAvase haiM jaise ghaTa dravyase pArthiva rUpase hai arthAt miTTI Adise banA huA hai, jalAdise nhiiN|

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pramANaparicchedaH pATaliputrakAditvena, na kAnyakubjAditvena / kAlataH zazirAditvena, na vAsantikAditvena / bhAvataH zyAmAditvena, na raktAditveneti / evaM syAnAstyeva sarvamiti prAdhAnyena niSedhakalpanayA dvitIyaH / na cAsattvaM kAlpanikam; sattvavat tasya svAtantryeNAnubhavAt, anyathA vipakSAsattvasya tAttvikasyAbhAvena hetostrarUpyavyAghAtaprasaMgAt / syAdastyeva syAnnAstyeveti prAdhAnyena kramikavidhiniSedhakalpanayA tRtiiyH| syAdavaktavyameveti yugapatprAdhAnyena vidhiniSedhakalpanayA caturthaH, ekena padena yugapadubhayorvaktumazakyatvAt / zatRzAnazau sadityAdau sAMketikapadenApi krameNArthadvayabodhanAt / anyataratvAdinA kathaJcidubhayabodhane'pi prAtisvikarUpeNakapadAdubhayabodhasya brahmaNApi durupapAdatvAt / syAdastyeva syAdavaktavyameveti vidhikalpanayA yugapadvidhiniSedhakalpanayA ca paJcamaH / syAnAstyeva syAdavaktavyameveti niSedhakalpanayA yugapadvidhiniSedhakalpanayA ca SaSThaH / syAdastyeva syannAstyeva syAdavaktavyameveti vidhiniSedhakalpanayA yugapadvidhiniSedhakalpanayA ca saptama iti| kSetrase pATaliputra meM hai, kAnyakubjameM nahIM / kAlase zizira RtumeM hai, vasantameM nhiiN| bhAvase zyAma hai, rakta nhiiN| tAtparya yaha hai ki pratyeka vastumeM svadravya-kSetrakA bhAvase astitva hotA hI hai| 2-kathaMcit saba padArtha nahIM haiM, isa prakAra pradhAna rUpase niSedhakI kalpanAse dvitIya bhaMga hotA hai / yahA~ 'kathaMcit' zabdase paradravya-kSetra-kAlabhAva samajhanA cAhie, arthAt paradravyAdise saba vastue~ asat haiN| koI asattvako kAlpanika mAnate haiM so ThIka nahIM hai kyoMki sattvakI bhA~ti asattva bhI svataMtra rUpase anubhavameM AtA hai / yadi asattvako kAlpanika mAnA jAya to 'vipakSAsattva' (hetukA vipakSa-sAdhyAbhAvameM na rahanA) bhI vAstavika na hogaa| aisI sthitimeM hetuko trirUpatAmeM gar3abar3a ho jaaegii| 3-kathaMcit saba padArtha haiM, kathaMcit nahIM haiM, isa prakAra pradhAna rUpase kramazaH vidhi aura niSedhakI kalpanAse tIsarA bhaMga hotA hai| 4-kathaMcit saba padArtha avaktavya haiM, isa prakAra eka sAtha vidhi aura niSedhakI kalpanAse cauthA bhaMga hotA hai| cauthe bhaMgako avaktavya kahanekA kAraNa yaha hai ki kisI bhI eka padake dvArA eka sAtha astitva aura nAstitva donoMkA kathana karanA zakya nahIM hai| zatR aura zAnaz ina donoM pratyayoM ke lie jo 'sat' pada saMketita kiyA gayA hai, vaha bhI kramase hI donoM pratyayoM kA bodha karAtA hai-yugapad nhiiN| anyataratva Adike dvArA kisI prakAra donoMkA bodha ho bhI jAya to bhI alaga-alaga niyata rUpase eka padase donoMkA bodha to brahmA bhI nahIM karA sktaa| 5-kathaMcit saba padArtha haiM aura kathaMcit avaktavya haiM, isa prakAra vidhiko vivakSAse tathA eka sAtha vidhi-niSedhakI vivakSAse pA~cavA~ bhaMga hotA hai| 6-kathaMcit saba padArtha nahIM haiM aura kathaMcit avaktavya haiM, isa prakAra niSedha kI tathA eka sAtha vidhi-niSedha kI vivakSAse chaThA bhaMga hotA hai / 7-kathaMcit saba padArtha haiM, kathaMcit nahIM haiM aura kathaMcit avaktavya haiM, evaM kramase vidhi-niSedha aura eka sAtha vidhi-niSedhakI kalpanAse sAtavA~ bhaMga hotA hai|

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jaina tarka bhASA __seyaM saptabhaMgI pratibhaMga (bhaMga) sakalAdezasvabhAvA vikalAdezasvabhAvAca / tatra pramANapratipannAnantadharmAtmakavastunaH kAlAdibhirabhedavRttiprAdhAnyAdabhedopacArAdvA yogapadyena pratipAdakaM vacaH sakalAdezaH / nayaviSayIkRtasya vastudharmasya bhedavRttiprAdhAnyAbhedopacArAdvA krameNAbhidhAyakaM vAkyaM viklaadeshH| nanu kaH kramaH, kiM vA yogapadyam ? ucyate-yadAstitvAdidharmANAM kAlAdibhirbhedavivakSA tadaikazabdasyAnekArthapratyAyane zaktyabhAvAt krmH| yadA tu teSAmeva dharmANAM kAlAdibhirabhedena vRttamAtmarUpamucyate tadaikenApi zabdenakadharmapratyAyanamukhena tadAtmakatAmApannasyAnekAzeSarUpasya vastunaH pratipAdanasambhavAdyogapadyam / ke punaH kAlAdayaH ? / ucyate-kAla AtmarUpamarthaH sambandha upakAraH guNideza: saMsargaH zabda ityaSTau / tatra syAjjIvAdi vastvastyevetyatra yatkAlamastitvaM tvat (tat) ___ yaha saptabhaMgI, pratyeka bhaMgameM do prakArakI hai-sakalAdeza svabhAvavAlI aura vikalAdeza svabhAvavAlI / pramANase siddha ananta dharmoMvAlI vastuko, kAla Adike dvArA abhedakI pradhAnatAse abhedakA upacAra karake yugapad-eka sAtha pratipAdana karanevAlA vacana sakalAdeza kahalAtA hai tAtparya yaha hai ki pratyeka vastumeM ananta dharma haiM, ataeva usakA pUrNa rUpase pratipAdana karaneke lie ananta zabdoMkA pratipAdana karanA cAhie, kyoMki eka zabda eka hI dharmakA pratipAdana kara sakatA hai magara aisA karanA zakya nahIM hai / hama eka zabdakA prayoga karate haiM / vaha eka zabda mukhya rUpase eka dharmakA pratipAdana karatA hai aura zeSa bace hue dharmoko usa eka dharmase abhinna mAna lete haiM / isa prakAra eka zabdase eka dharmakA pratipAdana huA aura usase abhinna hone ke kAraNa zeSa dharmoMkA bhI pratipAdana ho gyaa| isa upAyase ekahI zabda eka sAtha ananta dharmokA arthAt sampUrNa vastukA pratipAdaka ho jAtA hai / yahI sakalAdeza hai| nayake viSayabhUta dharmakA, kAla Adike dvArA bhedakI pradhAnatAse athavA bhedakA upa-. cAra karake, kramase pratipAdana karanevAlA vAkya vikalAdeza kahalAtA hai / prazna-krama aura yogapadyakA kyA artha hai ? uttara-jaba astitva Adi dharmokI kAla Adike AdhArase bhedavivakSA kI jAtI hai, usa samaya eka zabda aneka arthoM-dharmokA pratipAdana karane meM samartha nahIM hotA, ataeva krama hotA hai| kintu jaba unhIM dharmokA kAlAdike AdhArase abhinna svarUpa kahA jAtA hai, taba eka hI zabda eka dharmakA pratipAdana karatA huA, tadrUpa bane hue anya samasta dharmAtmaka vastukA pratipAdana kara detA hai, yahI yogapadya kahalAtA hai| prazna-jina kAla-Adike AdhAra para eka dharmakA anya dharmose abheda yA bheda kiyA jAtA hai, ve kauna-kauna haiM ? uttara-(1) kAla (2) AtmarUpa (3) artha (4) sambandha (5) upakAra (6) guNideza (7) saMsarga aura (8) zabda, ye ATha haiM / ina AThoMke AdhArase

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pramANaparicchedaH 57 kAlAH zeSAnantadharmA vastunyekatreti teSAM kAlenAbhedavRttiH / yadeva cAstitvasya tadguNatvamAtmarUpaM tadevAnyAnantaguNAnAmapItyAtmarUpeNAbhedavRttiH / ya eva cAdhAre (ro) sa dravyAkhyo'stitvasya sa evAnyaparyAyANAmityarthenAbhedavRttiH / ya eva cAviSvagbhAvaH sambandho'stitvasya sa evAnyeSAmiti sambandhenAbhedavRtti / ya eva copakAroSstitvena svAnuraktatvakaraNaM sa evAnyairapItyupakAreNAbhedavRttiH / ya eva guNinaH sambandhI dezaH kSetralakSaNo'stitvasya sa evAnyeSAmiti guNidezenAbhedavRttiH / ya eva caikavastvAtmanA'stitvasya saMsargaH sa evAnyeSAmiti saMsargeNAbhedavRttiH / guNIbhUtabhedAdabhedapradhAnAt sambandhAdviparyayeNa saMsargasya bhedaH / ya eva cAstIti zabdo'stitvadharmAtmakasya vastuno vAcakaH sa evAzeSAnantadharmAtmakasyApIti zabdenAbhedavRttiH, paryAyArthikanayaguNabhAvena dravyArthikanayaprAdhAnyAdupapadyate / dravyArthikaguNabhAvena paryAyArthikaprAdhAnye tu na guNAnAmabhedavRttiH sambhavati, samakAlamekatra nAnAguNAnAmasambhavAt, sambhave vA tadAzrayasya bhedaprasaGgAt / nAnAguNAnAM sambandhina AtmarUpasya ca bhinnatvAt, anyathA teSAM bhedavirodhAt, svAzrayasyArthasyApi nAnAtvAt, anyathA yaha abheda vRtti isa prakAra hotI hai - (1) 'kathaMcit jIvAdi vastu haiM hI' yahA~ jisa kAlameM jIvAdimeM astitva hai usI kAlameM unameM zeSa ananta dharma bhI haiM yaha kAlase abheda vRtti hai / (2) jIvAdikA guNa honA jaise astitvakA AtmarUpa svarUpa hai, usI prakAra anya ananta Trier bhI yahI AtmarUpa hai yaha AtmarUpase abheda vRtti hai / ( 3 ) jo dravya rUpa artha astitvakA AdhAra hai vahI anya dharmoMkA bhI AdhAra hai / (4) jIvAdike sAtha abheda rUpa jo saMbaMdha astitvakA hai, vahI saMbaMdha anya dharmokA bhI hai / saMbaMdha se abheda vRtti hai / ( 5 ) astitva dharma jIvAdikA jo upakAra karatA hai- apanese yukta banAtA hai, vahI upakAra anya dharma bhI karate haiM / yaha upakArase abheda vRtti hai / ( 6 ) astitva dharma jIvAdimeM jisa dezameM rahatA hai, usI meM anya dharma bhI rahate haiM / yaha guNidezase abheda vRtti hai / ( 7 ) astitvakA jIvAdike sAtha eka vastu rUpase jo saMsarga hai, vahI anya dharmokA bhI saMsarga hai / yaha saMsargase abheda vRtti hai| (8) 'asti' ( hai ) yaha zabda astitvadharmAtmaka vastukA vAcaka hai, vahI anya anantadharmAtmaka vastu kA bhI vAcaka hai / yaha zabdase abheda vRtti hai / yaha abhedavRtti paryAyArthika nayako gauNa aura dravyArthika nayako mukhya karane para hotI hai / kintu jaba dravyAthika naya gauNa aura paryArthika naya mukhya hotA hai taba abheda vRtti saMbhava nahIM hai / kyoM ki( 1 ) eka hI kAlameM, eka vastumeM, nAnA guNa saMbhava nahIM haiM / agara saMbhava hoM to usase adhArabhUta vastumeM bhI bheda ho jAyagA / ( 2 ) nAnA guNoM-saMbaMdhI AtmarUpa bhinna-bhinna hotA hai / agara bhinna na ho to guNoMmeM bheda nahIM ho sakatA / ( 3 ) nAnA guNoMkA AdhArabhUta

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jaina tarka bhASA nAnAguNAzrayatvavirodhAt / sambandhasya ca sambandhibhedena bhedadarzanAt, nAnAsambandhi-bhirekatraikasambandhAghaTanAt / taiH kriyamANasyopakArasya ca pratiniyatarUpasyAnekatvAt, anekairupakAribhiH kriyamANasyopakArasyaikasya virodhAt / guNidezasya ca pratiguNaM bhedAt, tadabhede bhinnArthaguNAnAmapi guNidezA bhedaprasaGgAt / saMsargasya ca pratisaMsaMgi bhedAt, tadabhede saMsagibhedavirodhAt / zabdasya prativiSayaM nAnAtvAt, sarvaguNAnAmekazabdavAcyatAyAM sarvArthAnAmeka zabdavAcyatApatteriti kAlAdibhibhinnAtmanAmabhedopacAraH pite / evaM bhedavRttitadupa vArAvapi vAcyAviti / paryavasitaM parokSam / tatazca nirUpitaH pramANapadArthaH / 58 iti mahAmahopAdhyAyazrI kalyANa vijayaziSya mukhyapaNDitazrI lAbha vijayagaNiziSyAvataMsapaNDitazrIjIta vijayagaNi satIrthyaM paNDitazrInayavijayagaNiziSyeNa zrIpadmavijayagaNasahodareNa paNDitayazovijayagaNinA kRtAyAM jainatarkabhASAyAM pramANapariccheda: sampUrNa: / padArtha bhI nAnArUpa hI ho sakatA hai| vaha nAnArUpa na ho to nAnAguNoMkA AdhAra bhI nahIM ho sakatA / ( 4 ) saMbaMdhiyoMkI bhinnatA se saMbaMdha meM bhI bheda dekhA jAtA hai| saMbaMdhI aneka hoM aura unakA saMbaMdha ekatra aura eka ho, yaha nahIM ho sakatA / ( 5 ) aneka dharmoke dvArA kiyA jAne vAlA upakAra alaga-alaga honese aneka rUpa hI hotA hai, kyoM ki aneka upakAriyoM dvArA kiyA jAne vAlA upakAra eka nahIM ho sakatA / ( 6 ) pratyeka guNakA guNideza pRthakpRthak hI hotA hai / agara aneka guNoMkA guNideza abhinna mAnA jAya to bhinna-bhinna padArtho ke guNoM ke guNideza meM bhI abheda mAnanA par3egA (7) saMsargI ke bhedase saMsargameM bhI bheda hotA hai / saMsarga meM bheda na ho to saMsagiyoM (guNoM) meM bhI bheda nahIM ho sakatA ( 8 ) viSayake bhedame zabda meM bhI bheda hotA hai / yadi samasta guNa ekahI zabdake vAcya hoM to saMsArake samasta padArtha bhI eka hI zabda vAcya ho jaaeN| isa prakAra kAlAdise bhinna guNoMmeM abhedakA upacAra kiyA jAtA hai / isI taraha bhedavRtti aura bhedakA upacAra bhI samajha lenA cAhie / parokSa pramANakA nirUpaNa pUrNa huA aura pramANakA nirUpaNa bhI samApta huA / ACXXX

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nayaparicchedaH 2. nypricchedH| (nayAnAM svarUpanirUpaNam / ) pramANAnyuktAni / atha nayA ucyante / pramANaparicchinnasyAnantadharmAtmakasya vastuna ekadezagrAhiNastaditarAMzApratikSepiNo'dhyavasAyavizeSA nayAH / pramANakadezatvAt teSAM tato bhedaH / yathA hi samudraikadezo na samudro nApyasamudrastathA nayA api na pramANaM na vA'pramANamiti / te ca dvidhA-dravyAthikaparyAyAthikabhedAt / tatra prAdhAnyena dravyamAtragrAhI dravyAthikaH / prAdhAnyena paryAyamAtragrAhI paryAyAthikaH / tatra dravyAvikastridhA naigamasaMgrahavyavahArabhedAt / paryAyAthikazcaturdhA RjusUtrazabdasamabhirUdevabhUtabhedAt / RjusUtro dravyAthikasyaiva bheda iti tu jinabhadragaNikSamAzramaNAH / ___ tatra sAmAnya vizeSAdyanekadharmopanayanaparo'dhyavasAyo naigamaH, yathA paryAyayor3avyayoH paryAyadravyayozca mukhyAmukhyarUpatayA vivkssnnprH| atra saccatanyamAtmanIti paryAyayormukhyAmukhyatayAvivakSaNam / atra caitanyAkhyasya vyaJjanaparyAyasya vizeSyatvena nayapariccheda (nayoMkA svarUpa) pramANoMkA svarUpa kahA jA cukA hai, aba nayoMkA kathana kiyA jAtA hai / zrutapramANa ke dvArA gRhIta ananta dharmAtmaka vastuke eka deza-dharma-ko grahaNa karanevAlA kintu usa gRhIta dharmase itara dharmokA niSedha yA virodha na karanevAlA abhiprAya naya kahalAtA hai| pramANa anantadharmAtmaka samasta vastukA grAhaka hotA hai jaba ki naya kevala eka dharmako grahaNa karatA hai / isa kAraNa naya, pramANakA eka aMza hai / yahI pramANa aura nayameM antara hai| jaime samudrakA eka aMza na samudra kahA jA sakatA hai aura na asamudra hI; isI prakAra naya na pramANa hai aura na apramANa hai-vaha pramANakA eka aMza hai| nayake do bheda haiM-(1) dravyAthika naya aura (2) paryAyAthikanaya / pradhAna rUpase kebala dravyako hI grahaNa karanevAlA dravyArthika aura pradhAna rUpase paryAya mAtrakA grAhaka paryAyArthika naya hai / dravyAthikanaya tIna haiM- (1) naigama (2) saMgraha aura (3) vyavahAra / paryAyArthika naya cAra prakArake haiM-(1) RjusUtra (2) zabda (3) samabhirUDha aura (4) evaMbhUta / kintu jinabhadragaNi kSamAzramaNake matase RjusUtra naya dravyAthika nayakA hI bheda hai| (1) sAmAnya tathA vizeSa Adi aneka dharmoko grahaNa karanevAlA abhiprAya naigamanaya kahalAtA hai / yaha bhaya do dravyoMmeMse, do paryAyoMmeMse tathA dravya evaM paryAyameMse kisI ekako mukhya aura dUsareko gauNa kara detA hai / jaise-(a) ,AtmAmeM sat caitanya hai' yahA~ sattva aura caitanya, yaha donoM paryAya haiM, kintu caitanya rUpa vyaMjana paryAyako vizeSya banAkara mukhyatA

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jaina tarka bhASA mukhyatvAt, sattvAkhyasya tu vizeSaNatvenAmukhyatvAt / pravRttinivRttinibandhanArthakriyAkAritvopalakSito vyaJjanaparyAyaH / bhUtabhaviSyattvasaMsparzarahitaM vartamAnakAlAvacchinnaM vastusvarUpaM cArthaparyAyaH / vastu paryAyavadravyamiti dravyayormukhyAmukhyatayA vivakSaNam, paryAyavadravyAkhyasya dharmiNo vizeSyatvena prAdhAnyAt, vastvAkhyasya vizeSaNatvena gauNatvAt / kSaNamekaM sukhI viSayAsaktajIva iti paryAya dravyayormukhyAmukhyatayA vivkssnnm| atra viSayAsaktajIvAkhyasya dharmiNo vizeSyatvena mukhyatvAt, sukhalakSaNasya tu dharmasya tadvizeSaNatvenAmukhyatvAt / na caivaM dravyaparyAyobhayAvagAhitvena naigamasya prAmANyaprasaMgaH, prAdhAnyena tadubhayAvagAhina eva jJAnasya pramANatvAt / sAmAnyamAtragrAhI parAmarzaH saMgrahaH-sa dvedhA, paro'parazca / tatrAzeSavizeSeSvaudAsInyaM bhajamAnaH zuddhadravyaM sanmAtramabhimanyamAnaH paraH saMgrahaH / yathA vizvamekaM sadavizeSAditi / dravyatvAdInyavAntarasAmAnyAni manvAnastabhedeSa gajanimIlikAmavalapradAna kI gaI hai aura sattvaparyAyako vizeSaNa banAkara gauNa kara diyA gayA hai| jisameM pravRtti yA nivRttirUpa arthakriyAkI jA sakatI ho, vaha vyaMjana paryAya hai / (yaha paryAya vyakta honese chadmasthoMke anubhavameM AsakatI hai aura trikAla vartI hotI hai / ) kintu jo paryAya bhUta aura bhaviSyat kAlake sparzase rahita hai-sirpha vartamAnakAla meM hI-eka samaya mAtra hI rahatA hai, vaha arthaparyAya kahalAtA hai / (A) 'vastuparyAyavAlA dravya hai' yahA~ do dravyoMmeMse ekako mukhya aura dUsareko amukhya vivakSita kiyA gayA hai / 'paryAyavAn dravya' rUpa dharmIko vizeSya banAkara pradhAnatA dI gaI hai aura 'vastu' ko vizeSaNa banAkara gauNa kara diyA gayA hai / (i) 'viSayAsakta jIva eka kSaNa sukhI hotA hai' yahA~ paryAya aura dravyamese ekako pradhAna aura ekako gauNa kara diyA gayA hai / 'viSayAsakta jIva' dharmI vizeSa honeke kAraNa pradhAna hai aura 'sukha' dharma usakA vizeSaNa honese apradhAna ho gayA hai / _____naya eka hI aMzakA grAhaka hotA hai, kintu naigamanaya dravya aura paryAya-donoM aMzoMkA grAhaka hai, ataeva use naya na mAna kara pramANa mAnanA cAhie; yaha kahanA ThIka nhiiN| pramANa vahI jJAna mAnA jAtA hai jo dravya aura paryAya donoMko pradhAna rUpameM grahaNa karatA ho| naigamanaya ekako pradhAna aura dUsareko apradhAna rUpameM grahaNa karatA hai isa kAraNa pramANa nahIM kahA jA sktaa| (2) sirpha sAmAnyako grahaNa karanevAlA abhiprAya saMgrahanaya kahalAtA hai| grAhaya viSayake bhedase saMgrahanaya do prakArakA hai-parasaMgraha aura aparasaMgraha / jo abhiprAya samasta vizeSoMmeM udAsInatA dhAraNa karatA hai aura zuddha dravya 'sattA' parasAmAnya ko hI svIkAra karatA hai, vaha parasaM hanaya kahalAtA hai; jaise-vizva eka rUpa hai kyoMki satse atirikta kahIM kucha bhI nahIM hai / dravyatva Adi apara sAmAnyoMko svIkAra karanevAlA aura unake bhedoM

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nayaparicchedaH mbamAnaH punaraparasaMgrahaH / saMgraheNa gocarIkRtAnAmarthAnAM vidhipUrvakamavaharaNaM yenAbhisandhinA kriyate sa vyavahAraH / yathA yat sat tad dravyaM paryAyo vA / yad dravyaM tajjIvAdi SaDvidham / yaH paryAyaH sa dvividhaH-kramabhAvI sahabhAvI cetyaadi| Rju vartamAnakSaNasthAyiparyAyamAtraM prAdhAnyataH sUcayannabhiprAya RjusuutrH| yathA sukhavivartaH sampratyasti / atra hi kSaNasthAyi sukhAkhyaM paryAyamAtraM prAdhAnyena pradarzyate, tadadhikaraNabhUtaM punarAtmadravyaM gauNatayA nArmyata iti / kAlAdibhedena dhvanerarthabhedaM pratipadyamAnaH zabdaH / kAlakArakaliMgasaGkhyApuruSopasargAH kAlAdayaH / tatra babhUva bhavati bhaviSyati sumerurityatrAtItAdikAla bhedena sumerorbhedapratipattiH, karoti kriyate kumbha ityAdau kArakabhedena, taTastaTI taTamityAdau liMgabhedena, dArAH kalatramityAdau saMkhyAbhedena, yAsyasi tvam, yAsyati bhavAnityAdau puruSabhedena, santiSThate avatiSThate ityAdAvupasargabhedena / (vizeSoM) ke prati upekSA dhAraNa karanevAlA dRSTikoNa aparasaMgrahanaya hai / (3) saMgrahanayake viSayabhUta padArthoMmeM vidhipUrvaka bheda karanevAlA abhiprAya vyavahAranaya hai| yathA jo sat hai vaha yA to dravya hotA hai yA paryAya / aura jo dravya hai usake jIvAdi chaha bheda haiN| paryAya bhI do prakArakA hai-kramabhAvI aura sahabhAvI paryAya, ityAdi / tAtparya yaha hai ki vastumeM ekatva (sAmAnya) aura anekatva (vizeSa) donoM dharma vidyamAna haiN| saMgrahanaya unameMse ekatvako grahaNa karatA hai aura vyavahAranaya unameM anekatva khojatA hai| (4) Rju arthAt sirpha vartamAnakAlavartI paryAyako mAnya karanevAlA abhiprAya RjusUtranaya hai, yathA-isa samaya sukhaparyAya hai / yahA~ kSaNasthAyI sukha nAmaka paryAyako pradhAna mAnA gayA hai kintu usake AdhAra Atmadravya ko gauNa kara diyA hai ataH vivakSita nahIM kiyA gayA hai| (5) kAla, kAraka, liMga, vacana, puruSa aura upasarga (pra, para, sam Adi) kA bheda honese jo zabdake arthameM bheda svIkAra karatA hai, vaha zabdanaya kahalAtA hai| yathA-(a) kAlabheda-sumeru thA, hai aura hogA yahA~ atIta, vartamAna aura bhaviSyat kAlake bhedase yaha naya sumeruko bhinna-bhinna mAnatA hai / (A) kArakabheda- kuMbhAra ghaTako banAtA hai, kuMbhArake dvArA ghaTa banAyA jAtA hai; yahA~ kartRkAraka aura karaNakArakake bhedase ghaTameM bheda mAnatA hai / (i) liMgabheda-taTa, taTI, (yA pothA aura pothI), yahA~ puMliMga aura strIliMgake bhedase taTa aura taTImeM bheda mAnatA hai| (I) vacanabheda- 'dArA' pada bahuvacanAnta hai aura 'kalatram' eka vacanAnta hai| yadyapi dAra aura kalatra zabda eka hI. artha-patnIke vAcaka haiM, magara vacanabhedake kAraNa yaha naya donoMkA artha pRthak-pRthak mAnatA hai| (Da) puruSabheda-'yAsyasi tvam, yAsyati bhavAn' yahA~ madhyamapuruSa aura prathamapuruSake bhedase bheda mAnatA hai| (U) upasargabheda-'santiSThate' 'avatiSThate' ityAdipadoMmeM mUladhAtu eka hI hone para bhI 'sam' aura 'ava' upasagoMke bhedake kAraNa zabdanaya artha meM bheda svIkAra karatA hai /

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jaina taka bhASA ... paryAyazabdeSu niruktibhedena bhinnamathaM samabhirohana samabhirUDhaH / zabdanyo hi paryAyabhede'pyarthAbhedamabhipreti, samabhirUDhastu paryAyabhede bhinnAnAnabhimanyate / abhedaM tvarthagataM paryAyazabdAnAmupekSata iti, yathA indanAdindraH, zakanAcchakraH, pUraNAtpurandara ityaadi| zabdAnAM svapravRttinimittabhUtakriyAviSTamartha vAcyatvenAbhyupagacchannevambhUtaH / yathendanamanubhavannindraH / samabhirU hunayo hIndanAdikriyAyAM satyAmasatyAM ca vAsavAderarthasyendrAdivyapadezamabhipreti, kriyopalakSitasAmAnyasyaiva pravRttinimittatvAt, pazuvizeSasya gamanakriyAyAM satyAmasatyAM ca govyapadezavat, tathArUDhaH sadbhAvAt / eva mbhUtaH punarindanAdi kriyApariNatamarthaM takriyAkAle indrAdivyapadezabhAjamabhimanyate / na hi kazcidakriyAzabdo'syAsti / gaurazva ityAdijAtizabdAbhimatAnAmapi kriyA zabdatvAt, gacchatIti gauH, AzugAmitvAdazva iti / zuklo, nIla iti guNazabdAbhimatA api kriyAza dA eva, zucIbhavanAcchuklo, nIlanAnnIla iti / devadatto yajJadatta (6) nirukti (vyutpatti) ke bhedase paryAyavAcI zabdoMke artha meM bheda svIkAra karanevAlA dRSTikoNa samabhirUDhanaya kahalAtA hai| zabdanaya paryAyavAcaka zabdoMkA (yadi unameM liMgabheda Adi na hoM to ) artha eka hI mAnatA hai, kintu yaha samabhirUDhanaya paryAyabhadase hI bheda mAnatA hai| paryAyavAcI zabdoM meM arthagata jo abheda hai, usakI yaha upekSA karatA hai / yathAzabdanayako dRSTise indra, zakendra aura purandara-ina tInoM zabdoM kA eka hI artha hai, kintu samabhirUDhanaya bhinna-bhinna artha mAnatA hai-jo indanakriyA kare vaha indra, jo zakanakriyA kare vaha zaka aura jo zatrunagarako vidAraNa kare vaha purandara / (7) zabdoMkI pravRttikI nimittarUpa kriyAse yukta padArthako hI zabdoMkA vAcya svIkAra karane vAlA abhiprAya evaMbhUtanaya kahalAtA hai / yathA-jaba indanakriyAkA anubhava kara rahA ho tabhI vaha indra kahalAtA hai ( kisI anya kriyAko karate samaya nahIM / ) samabhirUDhanaya indanakriyAkI vidyamAnatA hone para athavA na hone para bhI devoMke svAmIko 'indra' zabda kA vAcya mAnatA hai, kyoMki usake matAnusAra kriyAyukta sAmAnya hI zabdakA pravRtti-nimitta hai, jaise gamanakriyAke hone athavA na honepara bhI sAsnAdimAn pazuko 'go' kahA jAtA hai| gamanakriyA na hone para bhI gAya rUDhise 'go' kahalAtI hai / lekina evaMbhUtanaya isa mAnyatAko svIkAra nahIM krtaa| vaha to indanakriyAyukta padArthako usa kriyAke kAla meM hI 'indra' kahatA hai / __ evaMbhUtanayakI dRSTi meM aisA koI zabda nahIM hai jo kriyAvAcaka na ho| (1) 'go' 'azva' Adi zabda, jo jAtivAcaka samajhe jAte haiM ve bhI vAstava meM kriyAzabda haiM-jo gAna kare so gau, Azu (zIghra) gamana kare so azva / isI prakAra (2) guNavAcaka mAne ja ne vAle 'zukla' nIla Adi zabda bhI kriyAzabda haiM-zuci honese 'zukla' aura nIlana karanase 'naM la'

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nayaparicchedaH 63 itimahacchAzabdAbhimatA api kriyAzabdA eva, deva enaM deyAt, yajJa enaM deyAditi / saMyogidravyazabdaH samavAya ( yi) dravyazabdAzcAbhimatAH kriyAzabdA eva daNDo'sthAstIti daNDo, viSANamasyAstIti viSANItyastikriyApradhAnatvAt / paJcatayI tu `zabdAnAM vyavahAramAtrAt, na tu nizcayAdityayaM nayaH svIkurute / eteSvAdyAzcatvAraH prAdhAnyenArthagocaratvAdarthanayAH antyAstu trayaH prAdhAnyena zabdagocaratvAcchannaghAH / tathA vizeSagrAhiNo'patanayAH, sAmAnyagrAhiNazcAnapitanayAH / tatrAnapi tanayamate tulyameva rUpaM sarveSAM siddhAnAM bhagavatAm / arpitanayamate tveka dvitryAdisamayasiddhAH svasamAnasamayasiddhareva tulyA iti / tathA, lokaprasiddhArthAnuvAdaparo vyavahAranaghaH, yathA paJcasvapi varNeSu bhramare satsu zyAmo bhramara iti vyapa'dezaH | tAsvikArthAbhyupagamaparastu nizcayaH, sa punarmanyate paJcavarNo bhramaraH, bAbaraskandhatvena taccharIrasya paJcavarNapudgalainiSpannatvAt, zuklAdInAM ca nyagbhUtatvenAnupala kahA jAtA hai / ( 3 ) 'devadatta' yA 'yajJadatta' Adi yadRcchAzabda bhI kriyAzabda hI haiM-deva jise de yA yajJa jise de arthAt deva yA yajJa dvArA jo diyA gayA ho vaha devadatta yA yajJadatta kahalAtA hai / ( 4 ) saMyogidravyazabda aura ( 5 ) samavAyidravyazabda bhI kriyAzabda hI haiM, jaise 'daNDI' aura 'viSANI' zabda / kyoMki inameM bhI daNDa aura viSANake 'hone' kriyAkI pradhAnatA hai / zabdoM ke jo uparyukta pA~ca prakAra mAne jAte haiM, vaha isa nayake abhiprAyase vyavahAra mAtra hai, nizcayase pA~ca bheda nahIM haiM / ina sAta nayoM meM Adike cAra arthanaya haiM kyoMki ve pradhAnarUpase artha (padArtha) ke saMbaMdha meM hI vicAra karate haiM aura antima tIna naya zabdanaya haiM kyoMki ve mukhya rUpase zabdake saMbaMdha meM vicAra karate haiM / AnyAnya dRSTiyoMse nayoMke dUsare prakArase bhI bheda kiye gaye haiM / jaise - vizeSagrAhI arpitanaya aura sAmAnyagrAhI anarpitanaya kahalAte haiM / anarpitanayake abhiprAyase saba siddhoMkA svarUpa samAna hai / arpitanaya ke mata se ekasamayasiddhoM, dvisamayasiddhoM yA trisamayasiddhoMkA arthAt samAnasamayake siddhoM kA svarUpa hI samAna hai, vibhinna samaya siddhoM kA svarUpa samAna nahIM hai / tathA lokaprasiddha arthakA anubhava karanevAlA arthAt lokaprasiddhikA anukaraNa karake vastukA kathana karanevAlA naya vyavahAranaya kahalAtA hai / jaise bhramarameM pA~coM varNa hone para bhI bhramarako zyAma kahanA / tAttvika padArthako svIkAra karanevAlA naya nizcaya naya kahalAtA hai / nizcayanayakI mAnyatA ke anusAra bhramarameM pA~coM varNa vidyamAna haiM, kyoMki usakA zarIra bAdara * skaMdha hone ke kAraNa pA~coM varNoMke pudgaloMse banA hai / kintu zukla Adi anya varNavAle pud- gala kama honese ve hamArI pratItineM nahIM Ate /

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64 jaina tarka bhASA kSaNAt / athavA ekanayamatArthagrAhI vyavahAraH, sarvanayamatArthagrAhI ca nizcayaH / na caivaM nizcayasya pramANatvena nayatvavyAghAtaH, sarvanayamatasyApi svArthasya tena prAdhAnyAbhyupagamAt / tathA jJAnamAtraprAdhAnyAbhyupagamaparA jJAnanayAH / kriyAmAtraprAdhAnyAbhyupagamaparAzca kriyAnayAH / tatrarjusUtrAdayazcatvAro nayAzcAritralakSaNAyAH kriyAyA eva prAdhAnyamabhyupagacchanti, tasyA eva mokSaM pratyavyava hitakAraNatvAt / naigamasaMgrahavyava - hArAstu yadyapi cAritrazrutasamyaktvAnAM trayANAmapi mokSakAraNatvamicchanti, tathApi vyastAnAmeva, na tu samastAnAm, etanmate jJAnAditrayAdeva mokSa ityaniyamAt, anyathA nayatvahAniprasaMgAt, samudayavAdasya sthitapakSatvAditi draSTavyam / kaH punaratra bahuviSayo nayaH ko vA'lpaviSayaH ?, iti ceducyate-- sanmAtra gocarAtsaMgrahAttAvannaigamo bahuviSayo bhAvAbhAvabhUmikatvAt / sadvizeSaprakAzakAdvayavahArataH saMgrahaH samastasatsamU hopadarzakatvAdbahuviSayaH / vartamAna viSayAvalambina RjusUtrAtkAlatritayavartyartha jAtAvalambI vyavahAro bahuviSayaH / kAlAdibhedena bhinnArthopadezakAcchabdAttadviparItavedaka RjusUtro bahuviSayaH / na kevalaM kAlAdibhedenaivarjumUtrAdalpA athavA eka nayake abhimata arthako grahaNa karanevAlA vyavahAra naya aura sarva nayoM ke abhimata arthako svIkAra karanevAlA nizcayanaya kahalAtA hai / aisA svIkAra karane para bhI nizcayanayako pramANa nahIM kahA jA sakatA, kyoMki vaha apane viSayako sarvanayoM ke matako pradhAna rUpameM svIkAra karatA hai / tathA jJAnakI hI pradhAnatA svIkAra karanevAlA jJAnanaya kahalAtA hai / RjusUtra Adi cAra naya cAritra rUpa kriyA ko hI pradhAna mAnate haiM, kyoMki cAritrakriyA ho mokSakA avyavahita kAraNa hai / naigama, saMgraha aura vyavahAranaya yadyapi cAritra, zrutajJAna aura samyaktva tInoM ko mokSakA kAraNa mAnate haiM, kintu pRthak-pRthak ko hI kAraNa mAnate haiM, samudita tInoM ko nahIM / ina nayoM ke anusAra aisA koI niyama nahIM ki samyagjJAna Adi tInoMse hI mokSa ho / agara ye naya tInoMke samudAyase mokSa svIkAra karaleM to naya ekAMgI dRSTikoNa hI na raha jAe~ / samudAyavAda arthAt mile hue samyagdarzana -jJAna- cAritrako mokSakA kAraNa mAnanA siddhAntapakSa hai / prazna - uparyukta sAta nayoMmeM kauna bahuviSayavAlA aura kauna alpaviSayavAlA hai ? uttara-sattA mAtrako viSaya karanevAle saMgrahanaya kI apekSA naigamanaya bahuviSayaka hai, kyoMki vaha sattA aura asattA- donoMko viSaya karatA hai / kisI sat viSaya padArthako prakAzita karanevAle vyavahAranaya kI apekSA saMgrahanaya adhika viSayavAlA hai, kyoMki vaha samasta satpadA - thake samUhakA upadarzaka hai / varttamAnakAlIna padArthako viSaya karanevAle RjusUtranayakI apekSA vyavahAranaya adhika viSayavAlA hai, kyoMki vaha trikAlavarttI padArtha samUhako grahaNa karatA hai / kAla Adike bhedase padArthako bhinna mAnanevAle zabdanayakI apekSA RjusUtra bahuta viSayavAlA hai,.

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nayaparicchedaH rthatA zabdasya, kintu bhAvaghaTasyApi sadbhAvAsadbhAvAdinA'pitasya syAd ghaTaH syAdaghaTa ityAdibhaMgaparikaritasya tenAbhyupagamAt tasyarjusUtrAd vizeSitataratvopadezAt / yadyapIhazasampUrNasaptabhaMgaparikaritaM vastu syAdvAdina eva saMgirante, tathApi RjusUtrakRtatadabhyupagamApekSayA'nyatarabhaMgena vizeSitapratipattiratrAduSTetyadoSa iti vadanti / pratiparyAyazabdamarthabhedamabhIpsataH samabhirUDhAcchabdastadviSayA ( dviparyayA ) nuyAyitvAdvahuviSayaH / pratikriyaM vibhinnamathaM pratijAnAnAdevambhUtAtsamabhirUDhaH tdnythaarthsthaapktvaadvhuvissyH| - nayavAkyamapi svaviSaye pravartamAnaM vidhipratiSedhAbhyAM saptabhaMgImanugacchati, vikalAdezatvAt, parametadvAkyasya pramANavAkyAdvizeSa iti draSTavyam / (nayAbhAsAnAM nirUpaNam / ) atha nayAbhAsAH / tatra dravyamAtragrAhI paryAyapratikSepI dravyAthikAbhAsaH / paryAyamAtragrAhI dravyapratikSepI paryAyAthikAbhAsaH / midharmAdInAme (ma) kAntikapArthakyAkyoMki vaha kAlAdike bhedase padArthameM bheda nahIM maantaa| aura kAlAdike bhedase arthameM bheda mAnaneke kAraNa hI zabdanaya RjusUtrase allaviSayaka nahIM, balki zabdanaya (svarUpase) sadbhAva aura ( pararUpase ) asadbhAva rUpameM vivakSita *bhAvaghaTako kathaMcit ghaTa aura kathaMcit aghaTa, ityAdi bhaMgoMmeMse kisI eka bhaMgase yukta mAnaneke kAraNa bhI RjusUtranaya sAmAnyataH ghaTako ghaTa svIkAra karatA hai, kintu zabdanaya usI ghaTako svarUpase arthAt svaparyAyoMse sat, paraparyAyoMse asat aura sva-paraparyAyoMse avaktavya, ityAdi bhaMgoMmeMse kisI eka bhaMgase viziSTa mAnatA hai / isa kAraNa bhI zabdanayakA viSaya RjusUtranayase saMkIrNa hai| yadyapi isa prakAra sAtoM bhaMgoMse yukta vastuko syAdvAdI hI svIkAra karate haiM, kintu RjusUtranayako mAnyatAko apekSA zabdanaya vizeSa pratipatti karatA hai, isameM koI bAdhA nahIM hai| paryAyavAcaka zabdoMke bhedase arthameM bheda mAnanevAle samabhirUDhanaya kI apekSA zabdanaya adhika viSayavAlA hai, kyoMki vaha paryAyabhedase vastumeM bhinnatA nahIM maantaa| kriyAke bhedase vastumeM svIkAra karanevAle evaMbhUta nayase samabhirUDhanaya bahuviSayaka hai kyoMki yaha aisA nahIM mAnatA / nayavAkya bhI apane viSayameM pravRtta hotA huA vidhi aura niSedha ke dvArA saptabhaMgIko prApta hotA hai| vaha vikalAdeza rUpa hotA hai| pramANavAkyase nayavAkyakI yahI vizeSatA hai| - - nayAbhAsoMkA nirUpaNa jaba koI naya apane grAhya aMzako grahaNa karatA huA itara aMzoMkA niSedha karatA hai, unake prati upekSA nahIM rakhatA, taba vaha nayAbhAsa ho jAtA hai| dravya mAtrako grahaNa karanevAlA aura paryAyakA niSedha karanevAlA dravyAthikanayAbhAsa hai| isI prakAra paryAya mAtrako grahaNa karanevAlA kintu dravyakA niSedha karanevAlA paryAyArthika *zabdanaya nAma, sthApanA aura dravyanikSepako nahIM, kevala bhAva nikSepako hI svIkAra karatA hai|

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jaina tarka bhASA bhisandhirnaigamAbhAsaH, yathA naiyAyikavaizeSikadarzanam / sattA'dvaitaM svIkurvANaH sakalavizeSAnnirAcakSANaH saMgrahAbhAsaH yathA'khilAnyadvaitavAdidarzanAni sAMkhyadarzanaM ca / apAramArthikadravya paryAya vibhAgAbhiprAyo vyavahArAbhAsaH, yathA cArvAkadarzanam, cArvAko hi pramANapratipannaM jIvadravyaparyAyAdipravibhAgaM kalpanAropitatvenApahnute'vicAritaramaNIyaM bhUtacatuSTayapravibhAgamAtraM tu sthUlalokavyavahArAnuyAyitayA samarthayata iti / vartamAnaparyAyAbhyupagantA sarvathA dravyApalApI RjusUtrAbhAsaH, yathA tAthAgataM matam / kAlAdibhedenArthabhedamevAbhyupagacchan zabdAbhAsaH, yathA babhUva bhavati bhaviSyati sumerurityAdayaH zabdA bhinnamevArthamabhidadhati, bhinnakAlazabdatvAttAha siddhAnyazabdavaditi / paryAyadhvanInAmabhidheyanAnAtvameva kakSIkurvANaH samabhirUDhAbhAsaH, yathA indraH zakraH purandara ityAdayaH zabdA bhinnAbhidheyA eva, bhinnazabdatvAt, karikuraMgazabdavaditi / kriyAnAviSTaM vastu zabdavAcyatayA pratikSipannevaMbhUtAbhAsaH, yathA viziSTa 66 nayAbhAsa kahalAtA hai / dharmI aura dharma arthAt dravya aura guNameM, aneka guNoM meM athavA dravyoM meM ekAnta bheda svIkAra karanevAlA naigamAbhAsa hai / jaise naiyAyika aura vaizeSika darzana / eka mAtra sattAko aMgIkAra karanevAlA aura samasta vizeSoMkA niSedha karanevAlA saMgraha nayAbha sa hai, jaise samasta advaitavAdI darzana aura sAMkhyadarzana / dravya aura paryAyakA avAstavika bheda svIkAra karanevAlA naya vyavahArAbhAsa kahalAtA hai, jaise cArvAkadarzana pramANase siddha jIvadravya aura paryAya Adike bhedako kAlpanika kahakara asvIkAra karatA hai aura sthUla lokavyavahArakA anuyAyI hone se bhUtacatuSTayakA vibhAga mAtra svIkAra karatA hai / kevala vartamAna paryAyako svIkAra karanevAlA aura trikAlavartI dravyakA sarvathA niSedha karanevAlA RjusUtranayAbhAsa hai, jaise bauddha mata / kAlAdike bhedase arthabhedako hI svIkAra karanevAlA aura abhedakA niSedha karanevAlA zabdanayAbhAsa hai, jaise sumeru thA, hai aura hogA; ityAdi zabda bhinna arthake hI pratipAdaka haiM, kyoMki ve bhinna kAlavAcI zabda haiM, jo bhinna kAlavAcI zabda hote haiM, ve bhinnArthaka hI hote haiM; jaise agacchat, paThati, bhaviSyati ( gayA, par3hatA hai, hogA ) Adi zabda / paryAya vAcaka zabdoM ke arthameM bhinnatA hI mAnanevAlA aura abhinnatAkA niSedha karanevAlA samabhirUDha nayAbhAsa kahalAtA hai / yathA - indra, zakra aura purandara Adi zabdoM kA artha bhinna-bhinna hai kyoMki ve zabda bhinna-bhinna haiM; jaise karI, kuraMga Adi zabda / jisa zabdase jisa kriyAkA bodha hotA hai. vaha kriyA jaba kisI vastumeM na pAI jAya, taba usa vastu ke lie usa zabdakA prayoga nahIM hI karanA cAhie, isa prakAra mAnanevAlA aura anya nayakA niSedha karanevAlA abhiprAya evaMbhUta nayAbhAsa hai / jaise - viziSTa ceSTAne zUnya

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nayaparicchedaH ceSTAzUnyaM ghaTAkhyaM vastu na ghaTazabdavAcyaM, ghaTazabdapravRttinimittabhUtakiyAzUnyatvAt, pttvditi| arthAbhidhAyI zabdapratikSepI arthnyaabhaasH| zabdAbhidhAyyarthapratikSepI shbdnyaabhaasH| apitamabhidadhAno'napitaM pratikSipannapitanayAbhAsaH / anapitamabhidadhadarpitaM pratikSipannanarpitAbhAsaH / lokavyavahAramabhyupagamya tattvapratikSepI vyavahArAbhAsaH / tattvamabhyupagamya vyavahArapratikSepI nishcyaabhaasH| jJAnamabhyupagamya kriyApratikSepI jJAnanayAbhAsaH / kriyAmabhyupagamya jJAnapratikSepI kriyAnayAbhAsa iti / iti mahAmahopAdhyAyazrIkalyANavijayagaNiziSyamukhyapaNDitazrIlAbhavijayagaNiziSyAvataMsa paNDitazrIjItavijayagaNisatIrthyapaNDitazrInayavijayagaNiziSyeNa paNDitazrIpadmavijayagaNisahodareNa paNDitayazovijayagaNinA viracitAyAM jainatarkabhASAyAM nayapariccheda: sampUrNaH / 'ghaTa vastu 'ghaTa' zabdakA vAcya nahIM hai, kyoMki usameM ghaTa zabdakI pravRttinimitta kriyA nahIM hai, jaise 'paTa' shbdmeN| arthakA abhidhAna karanevAlA aura zabdakA niSedha karanevAlA dRSTikoNa arthanayAbhAsa hai| zabdakA abhidhAna karanevAlA aura arthakA niSedha karanevAlA zabdanayAbhAsa hai| arpita (vizeSa) ko svIkAra karanevAlA aura anarpita (mAmAnya) kA niSedha karanevAlA arpitanayAbhAsa hai| isI prakAra anapitakA vidhAna karanevAlA aura arpitakA niSedha karanevAlA anarpitanayAbhAsa hai| lokavyavahArako aMgIkAra karanevAlA aura tattvakA niSedha karanevAlA vyavahAranayAbhAsa hai| tattvako aMgIkAra karake lokavyavahArakA niSedha karanevAlA nizcayAbhAsa hai / jJAnako svIkAra kara kriyAkA niSedha karanevAlA jJAnanayAbhAsa aura kriyAko svIkAra karake jJAnakA niSedha karanevAlA kriyAnayAbhAsa hai / naya-pariccheda smpuurnn|

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3. niksseppricchedH| (nAmAdiniHkSepanirUpaNam / ) nayA niruupitaaH| atha niHkSepA nirUpyante / prakaraNAdivazenApratipatyA(tyA) divyavacchedakayathAsthAnaviniyogAya zabdArtharacanAvizeSA niHkssepaaH| maMgalAdipadArthaniHkSepAnAmamaMgalAdiviniyogopapattezca niHkSepANAM phalavattvam, taduktam'aprastutArthApAkaraNAt prastutArthavyAkaraNAcca niHkSepaH phalavAn' (laghI 0 svavi0 7. 2) iti / te ca sAmAnyatazcaturdhA-nAmasthApanAdravyabhAvabhedAt / tatra prakRtArthanirapekSA nAmArthAnyatarapariNati mniHkssepH| yathA saGketitamAzreNAnyArthasthitenendrAdizabdena vAcyasya gopAladArakasya zakrAdiparyAyazabdAnabhidheyA pariNatiriyameva vA yathAnyatrAvartamAnena yaddacchApravRttena DitthaDavitthAdizabdena vaacyaa| (nikSepaprakaraNa ) nayoMkA nirUpaNa kiyA jA cukA hai, aba nikSepoMkA nirUpaNa kiyA jAtA hai| zabda aura arthakI aisI vizeSa racanA nikSepa kahalAtI hai jisase prakaraNa Adike anu-. sAra apratipatti AdikA nivAraNa hokara yathAsthAna viniyoga hotA hai| udAharaNArtha maMgala Adi padArthokA nikSepa karanese nAma maMgala AdikA yathAvat viniyoga ho jAtA hai / yahI nikSepoMkI sArthakatA hai| laghIyastrayameM kahA hai nikSepakI sArthakatA yahI hai ki usase aprastuta arthakA niSedha aura prastuta arthakA nirUpaNa ho jAtA hai / sadhAraNatayA nikSepa cAra haiM-(1) nAma (2) sthApanA (3) dravya aura (4) bhaav|| prakRta arthakI apekSA na rakhanevAlI nAma yA nAmavAle padArthakI pariNati nAma nikSepa hai / jaise-saMketa kiye hue, anya artha (devAdhipati) meM sthita indra Adi zabdake vAcya gopAla putra kI zaka Adi paryAyavAcaka zabdoM dvArA anabhidheya pariNati / jo zabda anya artha meM sthita nahIM haiM aise Dittha Davittha Adi yadRcchA zabda saMketita kara liye jAte haiM, ve bhI nAma kahalAte haiN| tAtparya yaha hai ki-kisI ne apane putra kA nAma 'indra' rakkhA, yadyapi indra zabda zakra kA vAcaka hai magara putra kA nAma indra rakhate samaya usake isa vAstavika artha para dRSTi nahIM rakkhI jAtI / jisakA nAma 'indra' rakkhA gayA hai vaha indra ke paryAya-vAcaka zaka purandara Adi zabdoM dvArA nahIM kahA jA sktaa| isake atirikta jo zabda anya artha meM niyata nahIM haiM, ve bhI jaba kisI kA abhidhAna bana jAte haiM to nAma kahalAte haiN| nAma aura nAmavAn padArtha meM upacAra se abheda hotA hai / ataH indra yaha 'nAma' nAma kahalAtA hai, sAtha hI 'indra' nAma vAlA vyakti bhI indra kahalAtA hai /

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niHkSepaparicchedaH tattvato'rthaniSThA upacArataH zabdaniSThA ca / mervAdinAmApekSayA yAvaddavyabhAvinI, devadattAdinAmApekSayA cAyAvadravyabhAvinI, yathA vA pustakapatracitrAdilikhitA bstvbhidhaanbhuutendraadivrnnaavlii| yattu vastu tadarthaviyuktaM tadabhiprAyeNa sthApyate citrAdau tAdRzAkAram, akSAdau ca nirAkAram, citrAdyapekSayetvaraM nandIzvaracaityapratimAdyapekSayA ca yAvatkathikaM sa sthApanAniHkSepaH, yathA jinapratimA sthApanAjinaH, yathA cendrapratimA sthApanendraH / bhUtasya bhAvino vA bhAvasya kAraNaM yannikSipyate sa dravyaniHkSepaH, yathA'nubhUtendraparyAyo'nubhaviSyamANendraparyAyo vA indraH, anubhUtaghRtAdhAratvaparyAye'nubhaviSyamANaghRtAdhAratvaparyAye ca ghRtaghaTavyapadezavattatrendrazabdavyapadezopapatteH / kvacidaprAdhAnye'pi dravyaniHkSepaH pravartate, yathA'GgAramardako dravyAcAryaH, AcAryaguNarahitatvAt apradhAnAcArya ityarthaH / kvacidanupayoge'pi, yathA'nAbhoganehaparalokAdyAzaMsAlakSaNenAvidhinA ca bhaktyApi kriyamANA jinapUjAdikriyA dravyakriyeva, anupayuktakriyAyAH sAkSAnmo nAma aura nAmavAn artha kI yaha pariNati vastutaH arthaniSTha hai aura upacArase zabdaniSTha hai| meru Adi nAmoMkI apekSA yaha pariNati yAvad-dravya-bhAvinI hai arthAt jaba taka ve dravya haiM taba taka unakA yaha nAma bhI banA rahatA hai| magara deva-datta Adi nAmoMkI apekSA yaha ayAvadravyabhAvinI hai (kyoMki ve nAma dravyake vidyamAna rahane para bhI badala sakate haiN|) pustaka patra aura citra bAdi meM likhita vastukI abhidhAna rUpa indra aisI varNAvalI bhI nAma kahalAtI hai| jo vastu usa mUlabhUta arthase rahita ho kintu usIke abhiprAyase sthApita ( Aropita) kI jAya vaha sthApanAnikSepa hai| vaha citra AdimeM tAdRzAkAra hotI hai aura akSa AdimeM nirAkAra hotI hai / vaha citra Adiko apekSA alpakAlika hotI hai aura nandIzvara dvIpake caityoMkI (zAzvata) pratimAkI apekSA yAvatkathika (jaba taka vaha vastu hai tabatakake lie) hotI hai / jaise jinapratimA 'sthApanAjina' aura indrakI pratimA sthApanendra' hai| __bhUtabhAva (paryAya) athavA bhAvI-bhAvakA jo kAraNa nikSipta kiyA jAtA hai, vaha dravyanikSepa kahalAtA hai| jisa ghaTameM, bhUtakAlameM ghRta rakkhA gayA thA athavA bhaviSyameM rakkhA jAyagA vaha vartamAnameM bhI 'ghRta-ghaTa' kahalAtA hai| isI prakAra jo bhUtakAla meM indra-paryAyakA anubhava kara cukA hai athavA jo bhaviSyameM karegA, vaha vartamAna meM bhI indra kahalAtA hai| yaha dravyanikSepa hai / kahIMkahIM apradhAnatAmeM bhI dravyanikSepa pravRtta hotA hai, jaise aMgAroM (koyaloM) ko mardana karane vAlA AcArya 'dravyAcArya' kahalAtA hai| yahA~ dravyAcAryakA abhiprAya hai-AcAryake guNoMse rahita hone ke kAraNa apradhAna aacaary| kahIM-kahIM upayoga zUnyatAko bhI 'dravya' kahA hai / jaise-upayoga-rahita hokara athavA aihika yA pAralaukika AkAMkSArUpa avidhise, bhaktipUrvaka bhI kI jAnevAlI jinapUjA Adi kriyA, dravyakriyA hI kahalAtI hai| kyoMki upayoga

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70 jaina tarka bhASA kSAMgatvAbhAvAt / bhaktyA'vidhinApi kriyamANA sA pAramparyeNa mokSAMgatvApekSayA dravyatAmaznute, bhaktiguNenAvidhidoSasya niranubandhIkRtatvAdityAcAryAH / vivakSitakriyAnubhUtiviziSTaM svatattvaM yannikSipyate sa bhAvaniHkSepaH, yathA indanakriyApariNato bhAvendra iti / nanu bhAvajitAnAM nAmAdInAM kaH prativizeSastriSvapi vRttyavizeSAt ?, tathAhi- nAma tAvannAmavati padArthe sthApanAyAM dravye cAvizeSeNa vartate / bhAvArthazanyatvaM sthApanArUpamapi triSvapi samAnam. triSvapi bhAvasthAbhAvAt / dravyamapi nAmasthApanAdravyeSu vartata eva, dravyasyaiva nAmasthApanAkaraNAt, dravyasya dravye sutarAM vRttazceti viruddhadharmAdhyAsAbhAvAnnaiSAM bhedo yukta iti cet, na; amena rUpeNa viruddhadharmAdhyAsAbhAve'pi rUpAntareNa viruddhdhrmaadhyaasaattbhedopptteH| tathAhi--nAmadravyAbhyAM sthApanA tAvadAkArAbhiprAyabuddhikriyAphaladarzanAd bhidyate, yathA hi sthApanendra locanasahalAdyAkAraH, sthApanAkartuzca sadbhatendrAbhiprAyo, draSTuzca tadAkAradarzanAdindrazUnyakI kriyA sAkSAt mokSakA kAraNa nahIM hotii| bhaktike sAtha avidhise kI jAnevAlI vaha kriyA paramparAse mokSakA kAraNa honese dravyakriyA kahalAtI hai| AcAryoMkA kathana hai ki bhaktiguNa avidhi ke doSa ko anubandhahIna banA detA hai| vivakSita kriyA kI anubhUtise yukta jo svatattva nikSipta kiyA jAtA hai vaha bhAvanikSepa hai, jaise vartamAnameM indanakriyA karanevAlA bhAvendra hai / . zaMkA-bhAvako chor3akara nAma sthApanA aura dravyameM kyA antara hai ? ina tInoMmeM se pratyeka meM tInoM ko sattA pAI jAtI hai| jaise-nAma, nAmavAna padArthameM, sthApanAmeM aura dravyama samAna rUpa se rahatA hai| bhAva rUpa arthase rahita honA sthApanAkA lakSaNa hai aura vaha bhI nAma, sthApanA tathA dravyameM hai, kyoMki ye tInoM hI bhAvase rahita haiN| aura dravya bhI nAma, stha panA tathA dravyameM vidyamAna hai, kyoMki dravyakA hI nAma hotA hai, dravyako yA dravyameM hI sthApanA kI jAtI hai aura dravyama dravya to svabhAvataH rahatA hI hai / isa prakAra nAma, sthApanA aura dravyameM virodhI dhama nahIM pAye jAte, ataeva inameM bheda mAnanA ucita nahIM hai| samAdhAna- aisA mata kaho / jisa rUpameM Upara tInoMmeM abhinnatA prazita kI gaI hai, usa rUpase bheda na hone para bhI anya prakArase unameM paraspara virodhI dharma pAye jAte haiM aura isa kAraNa unameM bhinnatA hai / vaha bhinnatA isa prakAra hai AkAra, abhiprAya, buddhi, kriyA aura phaladarzanase sthApanAkA nAma aura dravyase bheda hai| jaise-sthApanA-indrameM hajAra locana Adi indra kA AkAra hotA hai| sthApanA karane vAlekA vAstavika indrakA hI abhiprAya hotA hai arthAt vaha asalI indra ke vicArase ho sthApanA karanA hai| draSTAko vaha AkAra dekhakara indrakI buddhi utpanna hotI hai-darzaka use indra hI samajhatA hai /

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niHkSapaparicchedaH buddhiH, bhaktipariNatabuddhInAM namaskaraNAdikriyA, tatphalaM ca putrotpattyAdikaM saMvIkSyate, na tathA nAmendre dravyendre ceti tAbhyAM tasya bhedaH / dravyamapi bhAvapariNAmikAraNatvAnnAmasthApanAbhyAM bhidyate, yathA hyanupayukto vaktA dravyam, upayuktatvakAle upayogalakSaNasya bhAvasya kAraNaM bhavati, yathA vA sAdhujIvo dravyendraH sadbhAvendrarUpAyAH pariNateH, na tathA nAmasthApanendrAviti / nAmApi sthApanAdravyAbhyAmuktavaidha Adeva bhidyata iti| dugdhatakrAdInAM zvetatvAdinA'bhede'pi mAdhuryAdinA bhedavannAmAdInAM kenacidrUpeNAbhede'pi rUpAntareNa bheda iti sthitam / - nanu bhAva eva vastu, kiM tadarthazUnyairnAmAdibhiriti cet, na; nAmAdonAmapi vastuparyAyatvena sAmAnyato bhAvatvAnatikramAt, aviziSTa indravastunyuccarite nAmAdibhedacatuSTayaparAmarzanAt prakaraNAdinava vizeSaparyavasAnAt / bhAvAMgatvenaiva vA nAmAdInAmupayogaH, jinanAmajinasthApanAparinirvRtamunidehadarzanAdbhAvollAsAnubhavAt / kevalaM nAmAditrayaM bhAvollAse'nakAntikamanAtyantikaM ca kAraNamiti aikAbhakta jana namaskAra Adi kriyA karate haiM aura usa kriyAkA phala putralAbha Adi bhI dekhA jAtA hai / yaha maba bAteM na nAma-indra meM hotI haiM aura na dravya-indra meM / ina vizeSatAoM ke kAraNa nAma aura dravyase sthApanA nikSepa bhinna hai| aba dravyanikSepako lIjie / vaha bhAvakA pariNAbhI kAraNa honese nAma evaM sthApanAse bhinna hai / jaise-upayogazUnya vaktA dravya kahalAtA hai magara jaba vahI upayukta hotA hai to upayoga rUpa bhAvakA kAraNa bana jAtA hai| athavA jaise sAdhukA jIva dravyendra hai aura vaha bhAva-indrarUpa paryAyakA kAraNa hotA hai arthAt dravyendrarUpa sAdhujIva hI Age jAkara bhAvendrarUpa paryAyameM pariNata ho jAtA hai| magara nAmendra yA sthApanendra meM yaha bAta nahIM hotii| sthApanA aura dravyakI jo vizeSatAeM batalAI gaI haiM, unake kAraNa nAma bhI ina donoMse bhinna hai / ataeva yaha siddha huA ki jaise dUdha aura takrameM zvetatA samAna honepara bhI mAdhurya Adi guNoMse bheda hai, usI prakAra kinhIM bAtoMse abheda honepara bhI nAma, sthApanA aura dravyameM dUsare rUpase bheda hai| ___ zaMkA-eka mAtra bhAva hI vastu hai, bhAvarUpa arthase zUnya nAma Adi tInoMko svIkAra karanase kyA lAbha? samAdhAna-nAma Adi bhI vastuke hI paryAya haiM, ataeva sAdhAraNatayA unameM bhI bhAva'pana hai / jaba koI 'indra' aisA sAmAnyapada uccAraNa karatA hai taba pahale to nAmAdi cAroMkA hI khayAla AtA hai / bAdameM prakaraNa Adise vizeSakA jJAna hotA hai| athavA yahI kahanA cAhie ki bhAvake kAraNake rUpa meM hI nAmAdi tInoMkA upayoga hotA hai, kyoMki 'jina' ke nAma, 'jina' kI sthApanA aura mRta munike deha (dravya) ke darzanase bhAva ullAsakA anubhava hotA hai| hA~, nAmAdi tInoM bhAvake ullAsameM aikAntika aura Atyantika kAraNa nahIM haiN| isI kAraNa

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72 jaina tarka bhASA ntikAtyantikasya bhAvasyAbhyahitatvamanumanyante pravacanavRddhAH / etacca bhinnvstugtnaamaadypekssyoktm| abhinnavastugatAnAM tu nAmAdInAM bhAvAvinAbhUtatvAdeva vastutvam, sarvasya vastunaH svAmidhAnasya nAmarUpatvAt, svAkArasya sthApanArUpatvAt, kAraNatAyAzca dravyarUpatvAt, kAryApannasya ca svasya bhAvarUpatvAt / yadi ca ghaTanAma ghaTadharmo na bhavettadA tatastatsaMpratyayo na syAt, tasya svApRthagbhUtasaMbandhanimittakatvAditi sarva nAmAtmakameSTavyam / sAkAraM ca sarva mati-zabda-ghaTAdInAmAkAravattvAt, nolAkArasaMsthAnavizeSAdInAmAkArANAmanubhavasiddhatvAt / dravyAtmakaM ca sarva utphaNaviphaNakuNDalitAkArasamanvitasarpavat vikArarahitasyAvirbhAvatirobhAvamAtrapariNAmasya dravyasyaiva sarvatra sarvadAnubhavAt / bhAvAtmakaM ca sarva parAparakAryakSaNasantAnAtmakasyaiva tasyAnubhavAditi catuSTayAtmakaM jagaditi nAmAdinayasamudayavAdaH / pravacana-vRddha AcArya aikAntika aura Atyantika bhAvako abhyahita (sabase bar3hakara) mAnate haiM / Upara jo samAdhAna kiyA gayA hai, vaha vibhinna vastugata nAma AdikI apekSAse hai / eka hI vastumeM rahe hue nAmAdi to bhAvake avinAbhAvI honeke kAraNa hI vasturUpa haiN| kyoMki pratyeka vastukA apanA-apanA abhidhAna nAma hai, apanA-apanA AkAra-sthApanA hai, (bhAvI paryAyake prati) apanI-apanI kAraNatA dravya hai aura vartamAna paryAyarUpa vaha svayaM bhAva hai| ghaTakA nAma ghaTakA dharma hai / aisA na hotA to 'ghaTa' zabda sunanese ghaTakI pratIti na hotii| nAma apanese abhinna nAmavAn padArthameM saMbaMdhakA kAraNa hai arthAt jaba zrotA 'ghaTa' nAmako zravaNa karatA hai to use paTa Adise bhinna aura apanese abhinna 'ghaTa' padArthakA hI bodha hotA hai| ataeva sabhI padArthoMko nAmarUpa mAnanA cAhie / sabhI padArtha sAkAra / (sthApanArUpa) haiM, kyoMki mati, zabda aura ghaTAdi sabhImeM AkAra hotA hai / nIla Adi tathA saMsthAnavizeSa Adi AkAra anubhavase siddha haiM / / sabhI padArtha dravyAtmaka haiM / utkaNa viphaNa aura kuMDalita (golAkArayukta) AkAroMvAle sarpa ke samAna nirvikAra, kevala AvirbhAva-tirobhAva pariNAmavAle dravyakI hI sarvatra aura sarvadA pratIti hotI hai / sarpa kabhI phana phailA letA hai, kabhI sikor3a letA hai, kabhI golamola ho jAtA hai, kabhI laMbA phaila jAtA hai, magara sabhI avasthAoMmeM sarpa dravya to vahI kA vahI pratIta hotA hai| kisI paryAyakA AvirbhAva aura kisIkA tirobhAva ho jAne para bhI dravyameM kisI prakArakA vikAra nahIM hotA / sabhI padArtha isI prakAra dravyarUpa haiN| saba padArtha bhAvAtmaka arthAt paryAyarUpa haiN| kyoMki ekake bAda dUsare aura dUsareke bAda tIsare paryAyakI paramparA calatI huI pratIta ho rahI hai / isa prakAra saba padArtha parApara kArya-. kSaNoMkI santAna rUpa hI anubhavameM A rahe haiN| isa prakAra jagat arthAt jagatke samasta padArtha nAmAdi-catuSTayamaya haiN| yaha nAmanaya, sthApanAnaya, dravyanaya aura bhAvanayakA samudayavAda hai / /

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niHkSepaparicchedaH (2. niHkSepANAM nayeSu yojanA / ) atha nAmAdinikSepA nayaH saha yojyante / tatra nAmAditrayaM dravyAstikanayasyaivAbhimatam, paryAyAstikanayasya ca bhAva ev| Adyasya bhedau saMgrahagyavahArI, naMgamasya yathAkramaM sAmAnyagrAhiNo vizeSagrAhiNazca anayorevAntarbhAvAt / RjusUtrAvayazca catvAro dvitIyasya bhedA ityAcAryasiddhasenamatAnusAreNAbhihitaM jinabhadragaNikSamAzramaNapUjyapAdaiH"nAmAitiyaM davaTThiyasya bhAvo a pjjvnnyss| / mAvA apjjvnnyss| saMgahavavahArA paDhamagassa sesA u iyarassa // " ityAdinA vizeSAvazyake / svamate tu namaskAranikSepavicArasthale "bhAvaM ciya saddaNayA sesA icchanti samvaNikkheve" (2847) iti vacasA trayo'pi zabdanayAH zuddhatvAdbhAvamevecchanti RjusUtrAdayastu, catvArazcaturo 'pi nikSepAnicchanti avizuddhatvAdityuktam / RjusUtro nAmabhAvanikSepAvevecchatItyanye ; tatra (tanna) ; RjusUtreNa dravyAbhyupagamasya sUtrAbhihitatvAt, pRthaktvAbhyupagamasya paraM niSedhAt / tathA ca sUtram--"ujjusuassa ege aNuvautte Agamao egaM davyAvassayaM, puhattaM necchai ti" (anuyo0 sU0 14) kathaM cAyaM piNDAvasthAyAM suvarNA (nikSepoMkI nayoMmeM yojanA) aba nAmanikSepa AdikI nayoMmeM yojanA karate haiN| cAra nikSepoMmeMse nAma, sthApanA aura dravyanikSepako dravyAthikanaya hI svIkAra karatA hai| bhAvanikSepako paryAyAthikanaya mAnya karatA hai| dravyAthikanayake do bheda haiN| saMgraha aura vyavahAra, kyoMki sAmAnyagrAhI negamanayakA saMgrahanayameM aura vizeSagrAhI naigamanayakA vyavahAranayameM samAveza ho jAtA hai| RjusUtra Adi cAra bheda paryAyAthikanayake haiN| AcArya siddhasena divAkarake isa matake anusAra jinabhadragaNi kSamAzramaNa ne vizeSAvazyakameM kahA hai-nAmAdi tIna nikSepa dravyAthikanayako aura bhAvanikSepa paryAyAthikanayako mAnya hai| saMgraha aura vyavahAranaya dravyAthikake bheda haiM aura RjasUtra Adi zeSa naya paryAyAthikake bheda haiN| kintu jinabhadragaNi kSamAzramaNa ne apane nijake matake anusAra namaskArake nikSepoMkA vicAra karate hue aisA kahA hai-zabdanaya arthAt zabda, samabhirUDha aura evaMbhUtanaya bhAvanikSepa ko hI svIkAra karate haiM aura zeSa naya sabhI nikSepoM ko svIkAra karate haiN| tInoM zuddhanaya zuddha hone ke kAraNa bhAva ko hI mAnate haiM kintu RjusUtra Adi cAroM nikSepoMko svIkAra karate haiN| kisIkA kahanA hai ki RjusUtranaya nAma aura bhAva nikSepoMko hI aMgIkAra karatA hai, kintu yaha kathana ThIka nahIM hai| RjusUtranayakA dravyanikSepako svIkAra karanA sUtrokta hai| yaha naya kevala pRthaktva (anekatA) kA hI niSedha karatA hai| anuyogadvArasUtra meM kahA hai-'ujju suassa' ityAdi, arthAt-RjusUtranayake abhiprAyase eka anupayukta (upayogazUnya) puruSa Agamase eka dravyAvazyaka hai; yaha naya pRthaktva (anekatva) nahIM maantaa|

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74 jaina tarka bhASA *-- didravyamanAkAraM bhaviSyatkuNDalAdi- paryAyalakSaNabhAvahetutvenAbhyupagacchan viziSTendrAdyabhilApahetubhUtAM sAkArAmindrAdisthApanAM necchet ?, na hi dRSTe'nupapannaM nAmeti / kizca, indrAdisaJjJAmAtraM tadartharahitamindrAdizabdavAcyaM vA nAmecchan ayaM bhAvakAraNatvAvizeSAt kuto nAmasthApane necchet ? pratyuta sutarAM tadabhyumagamo nyAyyaH / indramUrtilakSaNadravya - viziSTatadAkArarUpasthApanayorindraparyAyarUpe bhAve tAdAtmyasaMbandhenAvasthitatvAttatra vAcyavAcaka bhAvasaMbandhena saMvaddhAnnAmno'pekSayA sannihitatarakAraNatvAt / saGgrahavyavahArau sthApanAvarjaMstrInnikSepAnicchata iti kecit; tannAnavadyaM yataH saMgrahiko'saMgrahiko'rnApitabhedaH paripUrNo vA naigamastAvat sthApanAmicchatItyavazyamabhyupeyam, saMgrahavyavahArayoranyatra dravyArthike sthApanAbhyupagamAvarjanAt / tatrAdyapakSe saMgrahe sthApanAbhyupagamaprasaMgaH, saMgrahanayamatasya saMgrahikanaigamamatAvizeSAt / dvitIye vyavahAre tadabhyupagamaprasaMgaH, tanmatasya vyavahAramatAdavizeSAt / tRtIye ca nirapekSayoH jaba RjusUtranaya piMDAvasthA meM kuMDala Adi AkArase rahita suvarNadravyako, bhaviSya meM honevAle kuMDala Adi paryAya rUpa bhAvakA kAraNa honese svIkAra karatA hai to jo indra Adike abhilApakA kAraNa hai aura sAkAra hai-arthAt jise dekhakara 'indra' aisA zabda prayoga hotA hai aura jisameM indrakA AkAra bhI vidyamAna hai, aisI sthApanAko kyoM svIkAra nahIM karegA ? aura jaba yaha naya indrarUpa arthase rahita 'indra' isa nAma mAtrako indra padakA vAcya mAnatA hai to phira nAma aura sthApanAko kyoM na mAnegA ? Akhira ve bhI to ( dravyakI bhA~ti ) "bhAvake kAraNa hI haiM / unako mAnanA to nyAyasaMgata hI hai / indramUrti rUpa dravya aura indrakA viziSTa AkAra rUpa sthApanA, yaha donoM indraparyAya rUpa bhAva meM tAdAtmya saMbaMdha me rahate haiM, jaba ki nAma sirpha vAcya vAcaka saMbaMdhase hI rahatA hai / ataeva nAmakI apekSA dravya aura sthApanA 'bhAvase nikaTatara haiM / koI kahate haiM - saMgraha aura vyavahAranaya sthApanAko cher3a kara tIna nikSepoMko svIkAra karate haiM, kintu yaha kathana bhI nirdoSa nahIM hai / yaha to mAnanA hI par3egA ki saMgrahika naigama, asaMgrahika naigama yA bhedanirapekSa paripUrNa naigamanaya sthApanAko to svIkAra karatA hI hai kyoMki saMgraha aura vyavahArako chor3akara anyatra dravyArthikameM sthApanAkA svIkAra niSiddha nahIM hai / arthAt sirpha yahI kahA gayA hai ki saMgraha aura vyavahAranaya sthApanA nikSepako svIkAra nahIM karate / aisI sthitimeM yadi naigama naya sthApanA nikSepako svIkAra karatA hai to pUrvokta tIna prakArake nagamoM meM se kauna-sA naigamanaya svIkAra karatA hai ? yadi saMgrahika naigama sthApanAko svIkAra karatA hai yaha pakSa mAnanA ho to isa prathama pakSa meM, saMgrahanaya ke matameM sthApanAko svIkAra karanekA prasaMga AtA hai, kyoMki saMgrahanayakI mAnyatA saMgrahikataigamase bhinna nahIM hai / yadi dUsarA ( asaMgra hikane gamanayakA) pakSa svIkAra kiyA jAya to yaha mAnanA hogA ki vyavahAranaya sthApanAko svIkAra karatA hai, kyoMki asaMgrahikanayakA mata vyavahAranayase

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niHkSepaparicchedaH 75 saMgrahabyavahArayoH sthApanAnabhyupagamopapattAvapi samuditayoH saMpUrNanaigamarUpatvAttadabhyupagamasya dunivAratvam, avibhAgasthAnaigamAtpratyekaM tadekakabhAgagrahaNAt / kiJca, saMgrahavyavahArayornegamAntarbhAvAtsthApanAbhyupagamalakSaNaM tanmatamapi tatrAntarbhUtameva, ubhayadharmalakSaNasya viSayasya pratyekamapraveze'pi sthApanAlakSaNasyaikadharmasya pravezasya sUpapAdatvAt,sthApanAsAmAnyatadvizeSAbhyupagamamAtreNaiva saMgrahavyavahArayorbhedopapatteriti yathAgamaM bhAvanIyam / etaizca nAmAdinikSepairjIvAdayaH padArthA nikSepyAH / (jIvaviSaye niHkSepAH ) . ___ tatra yadyapi yasya jIvasyAjIvasya vA jIva iti nAma kriyate sa nAmajIvaH, devatAdipratimA ca sthApanAjIvaH, aupazamikAdibhAvazAlI ca bhAvajIva iti jIvaviSayaM nikSepatrayaM sambhavati, na tu dravyanikSepaH / ayaM hi tadA sambhavet, yadyanIvaH sannAyatyAM jIvo'bhaviSyat, yathA'devaH sannAyatyAM devo bhaviSyat (n) dravyadeva iti| na caitadiSTaM siddhAnte, yato jIvatvamanAdinidhanaH pAriNAmiko bhAva iSyata iti / bhinna nahIM hai / yadi tIsarA pakSa (sampUrNa naigamanaya) svIkAra kiyA jAya to bhI sthApanAko svIkAra karanA anivArya hogA, kyoMki jaba nirapekSa saMgraha aura vyavahAra sthApanAko svIkAra nahIM karate haiM to donoM samudita ho kara saMpUrNa naigamarUpa hokara use svIkAra kareMge hii| nivibhAga naigamanayake eka-eka bhAgako hI saMgraha aura vyavahAra grahaNa karate haiN| isake atirikta jaba saMgraha aura vyavahAranaya naigamanayake antargata haiM to nagamakA mata bhI unake antargata samajhanA cAhie arthAt jo mata naigamakA hai vahI saMgraha aura vyavahArakA bhI honA cAhie / ubhaya dharma rUpa viSaya (sAmAnya-vizeSa) kisI eka meM bhale hI antargata nahIM ho sakatA, phira bhI sthApanA rUpa eka dharmakA praveza to ho hI sakatA hai| sthApanAke do bheda-sthApanAsAmAnya aura sthApanA-vizeSa mAna lenese hI saMgraha aura vyavahArakA bheda saMgata ho jAyagA, ityAdi vicAra Agamake anusAra karanA cAhie / ina nAmAdi cAra nikSepoMse jIva-Adi 'padArthoMkA nyAsa karanA cAhie / (jIvake viSayameM nikSepa ) kisI jIvakA yA ajIvakA 'jIva' aisA nAma rakha diyA jAtA hai, vaha nAmajIva kahalAtA hai| devatA AdikI pratimA sthApanAjIva hai| jo aupazamika Adi bhAvoMse yukta hai vaha bhAvajIva hai| isa prakAra jIvake viSaya meM tIna hI nikSepa ghaTita ho sakate haiM, dravyanikSepa nahIM / yadi koI vartamAnameM ajIva ho aura bhaviSyameM jova honevAlA ho to use dravyajIva kahA jA sakatA thA; jaise vartamAnameM jo deva nahIM hai kintu bhaviSyameM hone vAlA hai, use dravyadeva kahate haiM / magara jIvake viSayameM aisA mAnA nahIM jA sktaa| vartamAnameM ajIva bhaviSyameM jIva hogA, yaha siddhAntameM abhimata nahIM hai / jIvatva anAdi-nidhana aura pAriNA

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jaina tarka bhASA tathApi guNaparyAyaviyuktatvena buddhayA kalpito'nAdipAriNAmikabhAvayukto dravyajIvaH, zUnyo'yaM bhaMga iti yAvat, satAM guNaparyAyANAM buddhayApanayasya kartumazakyatvAt / na khalu jJAnAyattArthapariNatiH, kintu artho yathA yathA vipariNamate tathA tathA jJAnaM prAdurastIti / na caivaM nAmAdicatuSTayasya vyApitAbhaMgaH, yataH prAyaH sarvapadArtheSvanyeSu tat sambhavati / yadyatrakasminna sambhavati naitAvatA bhavatyavyApiteti bRddhAH / jIvazabdArthajJastatrAnupayukto dravyajIva ityapyAhuH / apare tu vadanti-ahameva manuSyajIvo (dravyajIvo)'bhidhAtavyaH uttaraM devajIvamaprAdurbhUtamAzritya ahaM hi tasyotpatsordevajIvasya kAraNaM bhavAmi, yatazcAhameva tena devajIvabhAvena bhaviSyAmi, ato'hamadhunA dravyajIva iti / etatkathitaM tairbhavati-pUrvaH pUrvo jIvaH parasya parasyotpitsoH kAraNamiti / asmizca pakSe siddha eva bhAvajIvo bhavati, nAnya iti-etadapi nAnavadyamiti tttvaarthttiikaakRtH| ___ idaM punarihAvadheyaM-itthaM saMsArijIve dravyatve'pi bhAvatvAvirodhaH, ekavastugatAnAM nAmAdInAM bhAvAvinAbhUtatvapratipAdanAt / tadAha bhASyakAra:mika bhAva hai / tathApi buddhise yaha kalpanA karaleM ki guNa aura paryAyase rahita anAdi pAriNAmika bhAva (jIvatva) se yukta dravya jIva kahalAtA hai; bhAva yaha bhaMga zUnya hI hogA, kyoMki aisA koI jIva ho nahIM sktaa| vidyamAna guNoM aura paryAyoMko kalpanA mAtrase haTAyA to nahIM jA sakatA ! padArthakA pariNamana jJAnake adhIna nahIM hai; varana padArthakA jaisAjaisA pariNamana hotA hai vaMsA hI. vaisA jJAna utpanna hotA hai| jIvameM dravya nikSepa ghaTita na honese nAmAdi cAroM nikSepoMkI vyApakatA bhaMga ho jAtI hai, aisA nahIM samajhanA cAhie, kyoMki prAyaH anya saba padArthoMmeM ve vyApta haiM / prAcIna AcAyA~kA kathana hai ki kahIM ekAdha padArthameM ghaTita na hone mAtrase unakI vyApakatA nahIM miTa sakatI / unakA yaha bhI kahanA hai ki jo 'jIva' zabdake arthako jAnatA hai kintu usameM upayoga nahIM lagAye hai vaha dravyajIva hai| kinhIMkA kahanA hai-'jo abhI utpanna nahIM huA aise uttarakAlIna devajIvakI apekSA maiM manuSyajIva hI dravyajIva hU~, aisA kahanA cAhie, kyoMki utpanna honevAle usa devajIvakA maiM kAraNa huuN| isa kAraNa isa samaya meM dravyajIva hU~' / inake kathanakA abhiprAya yaha nikalA ki pahale-pahale vAlA jIva agale-agale utpanna hone vAle jIvakA kAraNa hai| isa pakSameM kevala siddha jova hI bhAvajIva ho skeNge| unake atirikta koI bhAvajIva na rahegA-sabhI dravyajIva ThahareMge / ataeva tattvArthake TIkAkArakA kathana hai ki yaha mata ThIka nahIM hai / yahA~ yaha bAta dhyAna dene yogya hai-isa prakAra sabhI saMsArI jIva dravyajIva hoM to bhI unameM bhAva jIvatvakA virodha nahIM hogA, kyoMki eka vastugata nAma Adi bhAvake avinAbhAvI hote haiM / bhASyakAra kahate haiM

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niHkSepaparicchedaH 77 "ahavA vatthUmihANaM, nAma ThavaNA ya jo tyaagaaro| kAraNayA se davaM, kajjAvannaM tayaM bhAvo // 1 // " (vizeSA. 60) iti / kevalamaviziSTajIvApekSayA dravyajIvatvavyavahAra eva na syAt, manuSyAderdaivatvAdiviziSTajIvaM pratyeva hetutvAditi adhikaM nayarahasyAdau vivecitamasmAbhiH // // iti mahAmahopAdhyAyazrIkalyANavijayagaNiziSyamukhyapaNDitazrIlAbhavijayagaNiziSyAvataMsa paNDitazrIjItavijayagaNisatIrthyapaNDitazrInayavijayagaNiziSyeNa paNDitazrIpanavijayagaNisodareNa paNDitayazovijayagaNinA viracitAyAM janatabhASAyAM nikSepapariccheda: saMpUrNaH, tatsaMpUrtI ca saMpUrNeyaM jainatarkabhASA / / svastizrIzramaNasaMghAya // sUrizrIvijayAdidevasuguroH paTTAmbarAhamaNo, sUrizrIvijayAdisiMhasugurau zakrAsanaM bhejuSi / tatsevApratimaprasAdajanitazraddhAnazuddhacA kRtaH, pranyo'yaM vitanotu kovidakule modaM vinodaM tathA // 1 // yasyAsan guravo'tra jItavijayaprAjJAH prakRSTAzayAH, bhrAjante sanayA nayAdivijayaprAjJAzca vidyApradAH / premNAM yasya ca sana pavijayo jAtaH sudhIH sodaraH, tena nyAyavizAradena racitA stAttarkabhASA mude // 2 // takaMbhASAmimAM kRtvA mayA yatpuNyamajitam / prApnuyAM tena vipulAM paramAnandasampadam // 3 // pUrva nyAyavizAradatvavirudaM kAzyAM pradattaM budhaH, nyAyAcAryapavaM tataH kRtazatagranthasya yasyApitam / ziSyaprArthanayA nayAdivijayaprAjJottamAnAM zizuH tattvaM kiJcididaM 'yazovijaya' ityAkhyAbhadAkhyAtavAn // 4 // 'athavA vastu kA abhidhAna nAma hai, usakA AkAra sthApanA hai, bhAvI paryAyake prati kAraNatA dravya hai aura kAryApanna vaha vastu bhAva hai| aisA mAnane para kevala sAmAnya jIvakI apekSAse dravyajIva kA vyavahAra nahIM ho sakegA, kyoMki manuSya Adi deva Adi viziSTa jIvake prati hI kAraNa haiM / isa viSaya kA vizeSa vivecana hamane nayarahasya Adi graMthoM meM kiyA hai| -: nikSepa pariccheda saMpUrNa huvA aura janatarka bhASA bhI saMpUrNa huI:

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Xun Xi Xi Fa Xi Fa Xi Fa Ming Chi Jiang Xi Lei Xi Lei Xi Lei Xi Shu hindI-anuvAda-sahitA Hou Tan Tan Lun Lun jaina tarka bhASA - THT - Xun Xi Gong Shi Gong Xi Yan Hou

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|| bhASATippaNAni || DaoNnacaMdra zAstrI, em. e. pI. eca-DI pRSTha 1, paM. 4 pramANa-pramANa zabda kI vyAkhyA ko lekara bhAratIya darzanazAstroM meM bahata UhApoha huA hai| isakI vyutpatti do prakAra se kI jAtI hai-1) pramIyate aneneti pramANam' aura 2) 'pramitiH prmaagm'| prathama vyutpatti karaNa-sAdhana hai, vahA~ jJAna ke sAdhana ko pramANa mAnA gayA hai| dUsarI vyutpatti bhAvasAdhana hai, vahA~ jJAna yA anubhUti ko hI pramANa mAnA gayA hai| nyAya tathA mImAMsA prathama vyutpatti ko lekara calate haiM, aura bauddha, jaina, vedAMta Adi dvitIya vyutpatti ko| ___ nyAya-darzana ke anusAra jJAna kI cAra avasthAe~ haiN| 1) sannikarSa-iMdriya aura viSaya kA saMbaMdha 2) nirvikalpakajJAna- 3) savikalpakajJAna-4) hAnopAdAnabuddhi usakA kathana hai ki 'ayaM ghaTaH' Adi pratyeka jJAna viziSTa yA saprakAraka hotA hai| yahA~ 'ghaTa:' kA artha hai 'ghtttv-vishissttghtt'| isI ko 'ghaTatvaprakAraka-ghaTavizeSyaka-jJAna' kahA jAtA hai| yaha tRtIya avasthA hai, jise pramiti yA jJAna kahA jAtA hai| pUrvavartI do avasthAoM meM sannikarSa pramANa hai aura nirvikalpaka jJAna madhyavartI myApAra / hAnopAdana buddhi jJAna kA phala hai| kahIM-kahIM dvitIya avasthA ko jJAna aura tRtIya ko phala batAyA gayA hai / isa prakAra pratyeka jJAna tIna avasthAoM meM vibhakta ho jAtA hai- 1) pramANa 2) pramiti aura 3) phala / jaina tathA bauddhadarzana sannikarSa ko pramANa mAnane ke lie taiyAra nahIM haiN| unakA kathana hai ki jJAna aura usakA phala cetanA kI hI do avasthAe~ haiN| prathama anubhUti pramANa kahI jAtI hai aura dvitIya phala / dUsarA vivAda isa prazna ko lekara hai ki jJAna viSaya ko jAnane ke sAtha apane ko bhI jAnatA hai yA nahIM / nyAyadarzana kA kathana hai ki jJAna kevala viSaya ko abhivyakta karatA hai, apane Apa ko nahIM / apane bApa ko abhivyakta karane ke lie use jJAnAMtara kI AvazyakatA hotI hai / dvitIyajJAna prathama jJAna ko abhivyakta karatA hai aura tRtIya jJAna dvitIya ko| isa prakAra jaba taka apekSA banI rahatI hai| uttarottara jJAna hote cale jAte haiN| jaina, bauddha evaM vedAMta darzanoM kA kathana hai ki pratyeka jJAna vastuprakAzana ke sAtha apane ko bhI prakAzita karatA hai / use prakAzita hone ke lie jJAnAMtara kI AvazyakatA nahIM hotii| pradIpa ke samAna vaha vastu ko Alokita karatA hai aura svayaM bhI Alokita hotA hai. isa lie jaina-AcArya pramANa kI paribhASA meM 'sva' zabda kA saMniveza karate haiN| advaita vedAMta tathA bauddhoM kI yogAcAra paraMparAe~ bAhya jagat ko satya nahIM maantiiN| unakI dRSTi meM bAhya vastuoM kI pratIti mithyA hai| kiMtu jainadarzana bAhya jagat ko satya mAnatA hai / phalasvarUpa bAhya bastuoM ke jJAna ko pramANakoTi meM rakhatA hai| isI lie 'para' zabda kA saMniveza kiyA jAtA hai| bauddhoM kA kathana hai ki vastu kI sarvaprathama pratIti nirvikalpaka hotI hai / tatpazcAt usa para kalpanAoM kA jAla khaDA kiyA jAtA hai / mithyAtva kevala kalpanAoM meM rahatA hai / aMdhere meM eka AkAra dikhAI detA hai, koI vahA~ sA~pa kI kalpanA karatA hai aura koI rassI kI / kalpanA se pahale kI pratIti satya evaM vastusparzI hotI hai / usa para rassI Adi kI kalpanAe~ hamArI ora se kI jAtI haiM aura ve sabhI mithyA haiM

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(2) isake viparIta jainadarzana kA kathana hai ki pratyeka anubhUti prAraMbha meM nirvikalpaka hone para bhI pramANakoTi meM tabhI AtI hai-jaba vaha nizcayAtmaka ho / isI ke liye vahA~ darzana se lekara dhAraNA taka vividha avasthAeM batAI gaI haiN| isI bAta ko prakaTa karane ke lie pramANa kI paribhASA meM 'vyavasAyI' zabda rakhA jAtA hai| Agamika-yuga meM samyagjJAna kA vibhAjana jJAtA ko lekara kiyA jAtA thA / yadi jJAtA samyagdRSTi hai to usakA pratyeka jJAna samyak mAnA jAtA thA aura mithyAdRSTi hai to mithyA / tarka ke yuga meM yaha vibhAjana jJeya vastu ke AdhAra para hone lgaa| darzana nirAkAra hone se use samyak yA mithyA donoM koTiyoM se bAhara rakhA gyaa| kiMtu nizcayAtmaka na hone ke kAraNa use pramANa nahIM mAnA gyaa| isI ke lie paribhASA meM "jJAna' zabda kA saMniveza kiyA jAtA hai| - mImAMsAdarzana 'gRhIta-grAhya-jJAna' ko pramANa nahIM maantaa| usakA kathana hai ki pratyeka jJAna meM naI anubhUti honI cAhie / isI AdhAra para digaMbara AcAryoM ne pramANa kI paribhASA meM 'apUrvArtha' kA saMniveza kiyA hai kiMtu zvetAMbara AcAryoM kA kathana hai ki hamAre jJAna meM prasphurita bAta naI ho athavA jJAtapUrva, isase usake prAmANya meM aMtara nahIM pdd'taa| pRSTha 1,paM. 6 darzane tivyAptivAraNAya-abhayadevasUri ne sanmatitarka (kAMDa,2 gAthA1)kI vyAkhyA karate hue darzana ko bhI pramANa mAnA hai| yazovijaya ne bhI avagraha ko sAmAnyagrAhI batAkara use darzana se abhinna mAnA hai| avagraha matijJAna kA bheda hone ke kAraNa pramANa ke aMtargata hai / isa prakAra darzana bhI pramANa ke aMtargata ho jAtA hai, kiMtu mANikyanaMdi, vAdidevasUri Adi uttaravartI AcAryoM ne darzana ko pramANa nahIM maanaa| yazovijaya ne bhI unakA anusaraNa karate hue use pramANa koTi meM nahIM rakhA ! isI lie kahA hai-'darzane'ti vyAptivAraNAya' / vAstava meM dekhA jAya to darzana zabda kI vyAkhyA ko lekara AcAryoM meM paryApta matabheda hai| kucha kA kathana hai ki vastu ko jAnane ke lie AtmA kI jo prathama pariNati hotI hai, use darzana kahA jAtA hai| usa samaya, usa AbhAsa meM viSaya kA praveza nahIM hotaa| darzana kI yaha vyAkhyA adhika upayukta jAna paDatI hai, kyoMki anubhUti meM artha kA praveza hote hI avagraha prAraMbha ho jAtA hai| kiMtu sthUla dRSTi ko lekara kucha AcAryoM ne avagraha ko bhI darzana koTi meM rakhA hai| kucha ne avagraha aura IhA donoM ko| pR. 1, paM. 7 parokSavRttivAdI-kumArila bhaTTakA kathana hai ki jJAna apane Apako nahIM jaantaa| jaba viSaya prakaTa ho jAtA hai, to usake dvArA anumAna kiyA jAtA hai ki hameM jJAna huA hai| isa prakAra anumAna ke dvArA jJAna kA prakAza mAnane vAle parokSavRttivAdI kahe jAte haiN| pRSTha 2, paM. 1 nyAyadarzana-pramA arthAt jJAna ke kAraNa saMnikarSa ko pramANa mAnatA hai aura pramA ko phala / janadarzana pramA yA jJAna ko hI pramANa kahatA hai| aisI sthiti meM yaha prazna hotA hai ki pramANa kA phala kise kahA jaaygaa| uttara meM jaina darzana kA kathana hai ki svArthasaMvitti hI phala hai| usakA kathana hai ki karaNa aura phala meM ApekSika bheda hai, AtyaMtika nhiiN| eka hI tathya ko arthaprakAzana kI dRSTi se pramANa kahA jAtA hai aura anubhUti ko dRSTi se phala / __pRSTha 2 paM. 4 svavyavasAyitvAt-jaina tArkikoM ne pramANa kA phala sva aura para donoM kA jJAna mAnA hai| kiMtu yazovijaya ne kevala sva kA ullekha kiyA hai| unakA yaha abhiprAya jAna paDatA hai ki jJAna kA artha ke pratibhAsa ko lekara prakAzita honA hI phala hai| isa meM artha aura jJAna ke pratibhAsa bhinna-bhinna nahIM rhte| jJAna hI sAkAra banakara pratibhAsita hotA hai / udAharaNa ke rUpa meM hama darpaNa meM apane pratibiMba ko dekhate haiN| darpaNa meM pratibiMba kA paDanA kAraNa hai aura pratibiMbayukta darpaNa kA pratibhAsa phala / isa pratibhAsa meM pratibiMba kI svataMtratA nahIM rhtii|

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. pRSTha. 2, paM. 6 upayogendriya-nyAyadarzana meM buddhi arthAta jJAna ko AtmA kA guNa mAnA gayA hai| kiMtu vaha sthAyI nahIM hai| mana kA saMyoga hone para utpanna hotA hai aura eka kSaNa rahakara apane Apa naSTa ho jAtA hai| mukta avasthA meM AtmA ke sAtha mana kA saMbaMdha sadA ke lie TUTa jAtA hai| usa samaya jJAna nahIM hotaa| sAMkhya aura vedAMta AtmA ko citsvarUpa mAnate haiN| vahA~ bhI vaha bAhya vastuoM ke jJAna ke lie prakRti yA avidyA para nirbhara hai| isake viparIta jainadarzana nirAkAra evaM sAkAra, bAhya evaM AbhyaMtara pratyeka jJAna ko AtmA kA guNa mAnatA hai| cetanA usakA svarUpa hai / vahI jaba nirAkAra hotI hai, to use darzana kahA jAtA hai aura jaba sAkAra to jJAna / dainaMdina anubhUti kI vyAkhyA ke lie AtmA ke isa guNa ko do avasthAoM meM vibhakta kiyA jAtA hai| prathama avasthA ko labdhi kahA jAtA hai aura dvitIya ko upayoga / labdhi kA artha hai-zakti jo samaya-samaya para upayoga arthAt jJAna ke rUpa meM prakaTa hotI hai| yazovijaya ke matAnusAra upayoga hI pramANa hai| tarkayuga ke pramANazabda kI yaha Agamika vyAkhyA yazovijaya kI maulika 'dena hai / pRSTha 4, paM, 1 sAMvyahArika-aura pAramArthika pratyakSa jJAna ke vibhAjana kI dRSTi se jainaparaMparA tIna yugoM meM vibhakta hai jo kramazaH bAhya prabhAva ko prakaTa karate haiN| prAcIna AgamoM meM yaha vibhAjana pAMca jJAnoM ke rUpa meM milatA hai| unameM se prathama do arthAt mati aura zruta, iMdriya athavA mana ke rUpa meM bAhya kAraNoM kI apekSA rakhate haiN| zeSa tIna arthAt avadhi, manaHparyaya aura kevala bAhya kAraNoM kI apekSA nahIM rakhate / prathama yuga meM pratyakSa aura parokSa ke rUpa meM vibhAjana nahIM miltaa| dvitIya yuga meM prathama do jJAnoM ko bAhya sApekSa hone ke kAraNa parokSa mAna liyA gayA aura zeSa tIna ko pratyakSa / kiMtu vaidika darzana iMdriyajanya jJAna ko bhI pratyakSa mAnate the| tRtIya yuga meM unakA samanvaya hai aura iMdriya jJAna ko sAMvyavahArika pratyakSa ke 'rUpa meM svIkAra kara liyA gyaa| usakI tulanA meM AtmamAtra kI apekSA rakhane vAle aMtIma tIna jJAnoM ko pAramArthika pratyakSa kahA gyaa| naMdIsUtra meM tInoM prakAra kA vibhAjana milatA hai| prathama do jJAnoM meM zruta'jJAna parokSa ke aMtargata hai, ise anya darzanoM ne zabda athavA Agama pramANa ke rUpa meM svIkAra kiyA hai| prathama matijJAna ke do bheda ho gaye / iMdriyajanya sAkSAt anubhUti ko pratyakSa mAna liyA gayA aura anya anubhUtiyoM ko parokSa / tarkayuga meM pA~ca jJAnoM ke rUpa meM vibhAjana kI paraMparA samApta ho gaI aura usakA sthAna pratyakSa aura parokSa ne le liyA thaa| pratyakSa ke do bheda kara die gae-sAMvyavahArika aura pAramArthika / pAramArthika ke punaH do bheda ho gae-avadhi aura manaH paryaya ko vikala tathA kevala ko sakala pratyakSa kahA gyaa| parokSa , ke pA~ca bheda kie gae-1) smaraNa 2) pratyabhijJAna 3) tarka 4) anumAna aura 5) Agama / isa prakAra jJAnamImAMsA ne pramANamImAMsA kA rUpa le liyA aura usameM anya darzanoM dvArA prastuta pramANavyavasthA kA -samanvaya kara liyA gyaa| pRSTha 4, paM. 2 pratyakSa-pratyakSazabda kI vyutpatti karate hue yazovijaya ne akSa zabda ke do artha kie haiM-iMdriyA~ aura jIva / aura isI AdhAra para sAMvyavahArika aura pAramArthika donoM pratyakSoM ko sammilita kara liyaa| kiMtu yahA~ prazna hotA hai ki vyutpatti dvArA do artha nikalane para bhI unheM lakSaNa meM sammilita nahIM kiyA jA sktaa| usakA AdhAra kisI eka hI bAta ko rakhanA hogA / isI tathya ko lakSya meM rakhakara vAdidevasUri Adi AcAryoM ne pratyakSa aura parokSa meM bheda kA mukhya AdhAra vizadatA ko maanaa| pratyakSa se hone vAlA jJAna parokSa kI tulanA meM adhika vizada hotA hai / anumAna se kevala agni ke astitva kA bhAna hotA hai, kiMtu pratyakSa hone para rUpa, AkAra Adi aneka tathya sAmane A jAte haiM / ataH yaha mAnanA hogA ki parokSa kI tulanA meM pratyakSa adhika spaSTa yA vizada hotA hai| yazovijaya ne bhI isa tathya kA ullekha kiyA hai|

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(4) pRSTha 4, paM. 5 yato vyutpatti-zabdoM kI vyutpatti do prakAra kI hotI hai| kucha vyutpattiyA~ sArthaka haiN| jaise pAThaka, adhyApaka, zAsaka, netA Adi zabdoM kI vyutpattiyA~ / jo par3hAtA yA pATha karatA hai use pAThaka kahA jAtA hai / isa vyutpatti ke AdhAra para hama vyaktivizeSa ko pAThaka kaha sakate haiN| aisI vyutpattiyoM ko 'pravRttinimitta' kahA jAtA hai / isake viparIta kucha vyutpattiyAM kevala zabda ke nirmANa ke lie hotI haiN| unake AdhAra para pratyeka vastu ko usa nAma se nahIM pukArA jA sktaa| udAharaNa ke rUpa meM go zabda hai| isakI vyutpatti hai-'gacchatIti gauH', kiMtu calanevAlI pratyeka vastu ko gau nahIM kahA jA sktaa| aise zabdoM kI vyAkhyA ko 'vyutpattinimitta' kahA jAtA hai| yahA~ pratyakSa zabda kI vyAkhyA 'akSa' zabda ko lekara kI gaI hai| isakA artha hai-iMdriyA~ / kiMtu pratyakSa meM iMdriyAtIta jJAna bhI sammilita hai, ataH akSa zabda kevala vyutpa, ttinimitta hai / vAstava meM dekhA jAya to prAcIna Agama-sAhitya meM pratyakSa zabda kA prayoga nahIM miltaa| usa samaya sAdhAraNa vyavahAra meM A~khoM dekhI bAta ke lie pratyakSa zabda kA prayoga kiyA jAtA thA / dArzanika kSetra meM isakA prayoga sarvaprathama nyAyadarzana meM huaa| vahA~ isakI vyAkhyA iMdriyajanya jJAna ke rUpa meM kI jAtI hai| isa vyAkhyA meM akSa zabda se sabhI idriyA~ grahaNa karalI gii| uttaravartI kAla meM AtmA ko bhI akSa zabda kA artha mAna liyA gayA aura iMdriyAtIta jJAna ko pratyakSa meM sammilita kara liyA gyaa| pRSTha 4, paM. 8 sAMvyavahArika-bauddhoM kI yogAcAra paraMparA jJAnAdvaita ko mAnatI hai| usane jJAna kI do bhUmikAe~ svIkAra kI haiM-Alaya-vijJAna aura pravRtti-vijJAna / AlayavijJAna samudra ke samAna hai aura pravRtivijJAna usameM uThane vAlI taraMgoM ke samAna / taraMgoM kA astitva samudra ke astitva se pRthak nahIM hotaa| dUsare zabdoM meM yoM kahA jAyagA ki vaha samudra kI hI kSaNika-pratIti hai| isI AdhAra para vahA~ satya ke do stara batAe gae haiM / saMvRti satya aura paramArthasatya / ghaTa-paTa Adi bAhya vastuoM meM pratIta hone vAlA satya saMvRti satya hai / aura AlayavijJAna paramArthasatya / saMvRti kA artha hai saMvaraNa yA svIkRti / ghaTa-paTa Adi vastuoM kA jJAna vAstava meM satya na hone para bhI kAma calAne ke lie satya mAna liyA jAtA hai / saMvRti ke do bheda haiM-mithyA-saMvRti aura satyasaMvRti / zukti meM rajata, rajju meM sarpa Adi jo pratItiyA~ sAdhAraNa vyavahAra meM bhI mithyA samajhI jAtI haiM unheM mithyA saMvRti kahA jAtA hai| svapna bhI isI ke aMtargata haiM / ghaTa-paTa Adi bAhya vastuoM kA jo jJAna sAdhAraNa vyavahAra meM mithyA nahIM samajhA jAtI use satyasaMvRti kahA gayA hai| yogAcAra kevala 'jJAna' kA astitva mAnatA hai, jJeya kA nhiiN| ataH vahA~ yaha vibhAjana jJAna yA pratIti ko lekara kiyA gyaa| zaMkarAcArya ne yaha vibhAjana trividha sattA ke rUpa meM kiyA hai| rajju-sarpa Adi mithyA jJAnoM meM pratIta hone vAle padArtha prAtibhAsika satya haiM / ghaTa-paTa Adi sAdhAraNa vyavahAra meM pratIta hone vAle vyAvahArika satya, aura brahma pAramArthika satya hai| jainadarzana bAhyajagat ko mithyA nahIM mAnatA, phira bhI usane iMdriya tathA mana ke dvArA hone vAle jJAna ko sAMvyavahArika pratyakSa kahA hai aura kevala AtmA se hone vAle jJAna ko pAramArthika pratyakSa / yazovijaya ne isa vargIkaraNa ke kAraNa isa prakAra prastuta kie haiM-sAMvyavahArika pratyakSa ke dvArA pAramArthika na hone para laukika-vyavahAra kA saMcAlana hotA hai| hama iMdriya tathA mana ke dvArA jAnakara kahIM pravRtta hote haiM aura kahIM nivRtta / isa vyavahAra meM kahIM bAdhA nahIM pdd'tii| isa prakAra samIcana vyavahAra kA kAraNa hone se ise sAMvyabahArika kahA jAtA hai / anumAna ko isIlie parokSa kahA jAtA hai, kyoMki vahA~ vastu ko sAkSAt pratIti nahIM hotii| hama dhue~ ke dvArA agni kA anumAna karate haiN| isI prakAra sAMvyavahArika pratyakSa meM AtmA vastu ko mana aura idriyoM ke dvArA jAnatA hai, sAkSAt nahIM / ataH vAstava meM vaha parokSa hI hai, kevala vyavahAra meM pratyakSa kahA jAtA hai|

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pratyakSa AtmA kI anubhUti hone ke kAraNa prAMta nahIM hotaa| isake viparIta anumAna Adi parokSa jJAna madhyavartI hetu Adi ke mithyA hone para mithyA bhI ho sakate haiN| prastuta jJAna bhI iMdriya aura mana kA vyavadhAna bA jAne ke kAraNa mithyA ho sakatA hai| pIliyA roga kAle ko sapheda vastu bhI pIlI dikhAI detI hai / isI prakAra mana meM rAma, dveSa Adi ke kAraNa bAhya vastue~ viparIta dikhAI dene lagatI haiN| mithyAtva kI saMbhAvanA hone ke kAraNa yaha jJAna vAstava meM parokSa hI hai| " yahA~ eka bAta vicAraNIya hai| dharmakIrti ne pratyakSa kI paribhASA meM abhrAMta zabda lagAyA hai| usakI mAnyatA hai ki pratyakSa nirvikalpaka yA kalpanArahita hotA hai| bhrAMti kI saMbhAvanA kevala kalpanA meM hotI hai, nirvikalpaka pratIti meM nahIM hotI / ataH pratyakSa sadA abhrAMta hotA hai / gautama ne bhI apanI pratyakSa kI mAkhyA meM isI kA anusaraNa kiyA hai| usane pratyakSa ko abyapadezya, avyabhicArI aura vyavasAyAtmaka kahA hai| pratyakSa me jo jJAna hotA hai use zabdoM dvArA prakaTa nahIM kiyA jA sktaa| sAtha hI vaha nirdoSa hotA hai| yazovijaya ne sAMvyavahArika pratyakSa meM doSa kI saMbhAvanA batAkara isI tathya kA samarthana kiyA hai| pRSTha 4, paM. 10 taddhIndriyA-jaina darzana meM AtmA cetana aura apaudgalika hai| isake viparIta mana aura iMdriyA~ jaDa tathA paudgalika haiN| jo jJAna AtmA se hotA hai vaha 'pratyakSa hai aura jo anya kAraNoM kI apekSA. rakhatA hai vaha parokSa / isI AdhAra para mati aura zruta ko 'parokSa' kahA gayA hai| mImAMsAdarzana meM ina donoM kI vyAkhyA dUsare prakAra se kI gaI hai| vahA~ pratyakSa kA artha hai-vaha jJAna jo svataH pramANa hai| jise prAmANya ke lie kisI anya AdhAra kI AvazyakatA nahIM hai, jaise veda / isake viparIta jisa jJAna kA prAmANya kisI anya AdhAra para avalaMbita hai, usa parokSa kahA jAyagA, jaise smRtiyA~ tathA uttaravatI sAhitya / unakA prAmANya veda ke prAmANya para nirbhara hai| mImAMsAdarzana meM smRtiyoM ke lie anumAna zabda kA prayoga bhI kiyA gayA hai / yazovijaya ne bhI pratyakSa aura parokSa kI vyAkhyA meM uparyukta dRSTi ko sAmane rakhA hai| unakA kathana hai ki jisa jJAna meM saMzaya, viparyaya tathA anadhyavasAya kI saMbhAvanA hai, vaha svataH pramANa nahIM hotA, use parokSa kahA jaaygaa| mati aura zruta isI prakAra ke jJAna haiN| isake viparIta jo jJAna kevala Atmajanya hote haiM, unameM saMzaya Adi kI saMbhAvanA nahIM hai| ve svataH pramANa haiM / unheM pratyakSa kahA jaaygaa| isa prakAra pratyakSa aura parokSa meM paraspara bheda kA nirUpaNa do AdhAroM para kiyA gyaa| prathama AdhAra jJapti arthAt jJAna kI utpatti se saMbaMdha rakhatA hai| pratyakSa kevala AtmA se utpanna hotA hai aura parokSa iMdriya evaM mana kI sahAyatA se / dvitIya AdhAra pramiti arthAta prAmANya hai| AtmA se hone vAlA jJAna svataH pramANa hotA hai| usameM aprAmANya kI saMbhAvanA nahIM rahatI / isake viparIta iMdriya evaM mana se homa bAlA jJAna isa saMbhAvanA se mukta nahIM hotaa| usakA prAmANya anya tathyoM para nirbhara hai| pRSTha 5, paM. 7 nanvevamavagraha-mati aura zruta ke paraspara bheda ko lekara 'vizeSAvazyaka-bhASya' meM vistRta carcA hai / vahA~ yaha mata bhI AyA hai ki pratyeka jJAna zabda kA saMparka hone para 'zruta-jJAna' ho jAtA hai| sarvaprathama iMdriyA~ vastu ko grahaNa karatI haiM jise 'avagraha' kahA jAtA hai| usake pazcAt mana apane prAcIna saMskAroM ke anusAra unakA vargIkaraNa karanA cAhatA hai, jise 'IhA' kahA jAtA hai| vargIkaraNa kI icchA hote hI jJAna ke sAtha zabda jur3a jAtA hai| usake binA vargIkaraNa nahIM ho sakatA / isI tathya ko lakSya meM rakhakara yaha zaMkA uThAI gaI ki IhA Adi ko zruta kahA jAya yA mati ? yazovijaya kA kathana hai ki uttara avasthA meM zabda kA sammizraNa hone para bhI usa jJAna kA prAraMbha zabda se nahIM hotaa| ataH use mati hI kahA jaaygaa| isake viparIta jisa jJAna kA prAraMbha hI zAstra yA dUsare ke kathana se ho use zruta kahA jaaygaa|

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vAstava meM dekhA jAya to bhuta jJAna kA lakSya mahApuruSoM ke anubhavoM ko prazraya denA hai| vaidika paraparA meM jo sthAna zruti kA hai vahI yahA~ zruta kA hai| vahA~ zruti ko cAra vedoM meM vibhakta kiyA jAtA hai aura yahAM zruta ko aMgapraviSTa, aMgabAhya Adi ke rUpa meM / bahuta sI paraMparAe~ zruta arthAt Agama ko pramANa nahIM maantiiN| unakA kathana hai ki hameM apanI hI anubhUti para nirbhara rahanA cAhie kiMtu vAstava meM dekhA jAya to hamAre jJAna kA adhikAMza dUsaroM kI anubhUti para nirbhara hotA hai| hama relve kI samayasAriNI dekha kara sTezana para cale jAte haiM aura gADI pakaDa lete haiN| bahuta-sI bAteM samAcAra-patra evaM AkAzavANI se jAnate haiM / yadi una saba para vizvAsa choDa diyA jAya to jInA kaThina ho jAyagA / ataH Agama yA zruta kA jIvana meM 'mahattvapUrNa sthAna hai, kiMtu usake prAmANya kA nizcaya kara lenA caahie| zAstra ke prAmANya ko lekara tIna mAnyatAe~ haiN| prathama mAnyatA mImAMsA-darzana kI hai| usakA kathana hai ki vANI meM doSa vaktA ke kAraNa AtA hai / jisa vANI kA koI vaktA hI nahIM hai usameM doSa nahIM ho sakatA / veda anAdi haiN| unakA koI vaktA nahIM hai, ata: ve nirdoSa aura aMtima pramANa haiN| dUsarI mAnyatA vedAMta evaM anya vaidika-darzanoM kI hai| ve veda ko Izvara kI racanA mAnate haiN| unakA kathana hai ki vANI meM tabhI doSa AtA hai, jaba vaktA alpaja yA rAgadveSa se abhibhUta ho, Izvara sarvajJa aura rAgadveSa se pare hai| ata: usakI vANI meM doSa nahIM uTha sakatA / tIsarI mAnyatA jainadarzana kI hai| vaha bhI uparyukta donoM guNoM ko Avazyaka mAnatA hai, kitu Izvara ke sthAna para una mahApuruSoM ko rakhatA hai jo sAdhanA dvArA samasta doSoM se mukta ho cuke haiM aura marvajJattva prApta kara cuke haiN| zAstra unhIM kI vANI haiN| jo Agama sarvajJa kI vANI nahIM haiM, unheM bhI isI AdhAra para pramANa mAnA jAtA hai ki ve sarvajJa kI vANI kA anusaraNa karate haiN| sAtha hI unake racayitA mahAjJAnI tathA caritrasaMpanna haiM / inhIM do tathyoM ke AdhAra para pratyeka racanA meM prAmANya kA tAratamya A jAtA hai| pRSTha 6, paM. 2-5 aMgopAMgAdau-jaba hama kisI pustaka ko par3hate haiM to do prakAra kI anubhUtiyAM eka sAtha calatI haiN| prathama anubhUti akSaroM ke pratyakSa tathA zabdaracanA kI hotI hai| isa meM artha kA anamaMdhAna nahIM hotaa| dvitIya anubhUti arthAnusaMdhAna ke pazcAt zabdoM dvArA pratipAdita viSaya kI hotI hai| prathama anubhUti matijJAna ke aMtargata hai aura dvitIya zrutamAna meM / prathama kA AdhAra cAkSuSa pratyakSa hotA hai aura dvitIya kA arthAnusaMdhAna yA manana / pRSTha 6 paM. 11 atha ajJAnam-yahA~ yaha prazna uThAyA gayA hai ki vyaMjanAvagraha ko jJAna kI koTi meM nahIM rakhA jA sktaa| bahare ke kAna meM zabda kA praveza hotA hai, kiMtu vaha use nahIM pakaDa pAtA / phalasvarUpa isa saMparka ko jJAna nahIM kahA jAtA / isI prakAra vyaMjanAvagraha ko arthazUnya hone ke kAraNa jJAna nahIM kahanA caahie| uttara ke rUpa meM prakAra kA kathana hai ki vAstava meM vaha jJAnasvarUpa na hone para bhI jJAna kAraNa hone se use jJAna kahA jA sakatA hai| pRSTha 7, paM. 4 vyaMjanAvagraha-vyaMjanazabda kI vyutpatti hai-'vyajyate aneneti vyaJjanam' arthAt abhivyakti kA sAdhana / yahA~ isake do arya kie jAte haiN| prayama artha hai-iMdriyA~, jo padArtha ko prakaTa karatI haiN| dvitIya artha hai-rUpa, rasa Adi guNa, jinake dvArA vastu pahicAnI jAtI hai / vyaMjanAvagraha kI vyutpatti hai-'vyaMjanena vyaMjanasyAvagraha' sarvaprathama iMdriyoM meM rUpa, rasa, gaMdha, sparza Adi kI anubhUti hotI hai| usake pazcAta usa anubhUti ke AdhAra para artha kA saMniveza kiyA jAtA hai| isI prathama anubhUti ko 'vyaMjanAvagraha kahA jAtA hai / tulanAtmaka jJAna ke lie vyaMjana zabda ke artha ko samajhAnA Avazyaka hai| vyAkaraNazAstra meM akSaroM kA vibhAjana svara aura vyaMjanoM ke rUpa meM kiyA jAtA hai| svara kA artha hai kevala dhvani, jo binA AghAta ke bAhara nikalatI hai| vahI sthAnaviSeza se TakarAkara vyaMjanoM kA rUpa le letI hai / dUsare zabdoM meM yoM kahA

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jAyagA kI dhvani vyaMjana ke rupa meM AkAra grahaNa karatI hai| isI prakAra jaba nirAkAra pratIti AkAra lene lagatI hai to use vyaMjanAvagraha kahA jAtA hai| bhojana meM roTI, cAvala Adi vastue~ kSudhA-nivRtti kA mukhya tattva hotI haiN| zAka, dahI Adi padArtha unheM svAdiSTa banAte haiN| inhIM ko vyaMjana kahA jAtA hai| eka hI khAdya vastu vibhinna vyaMjanoM kA saMparka prApta karake bhinna-bhinna svAda dene lagatI hai| isa prakAra bhojana kA sAmAnya tattva vizeSa rUpa le letA hai| vyaMjanAvagraha meM bhI sAmAnya yA nirAkAra pratIti sAkAra banane lagatI hai| pRSTha 7, paM. 5 saca........."caturdhA-yahA~ iMdriya-prApyakAritva ke saMbaMdha meM kucha jAna lenA Avazyaka hai| vaidika darzanoM kI mAnyatA hai ki pratyeka iMdriya viSaya ke sAtha saMbaddha hokara use grahaNa karatI hai| zrotraMdriya meM zabda kI taraMgeM praviSTa hotI haiM, cakSarindriya razmiyoM ke dvArA viSaya ke sAtha saMparka sthApita karatI hai aura ghrANeMdriya meM sugaMdhita paramANu praviSTa hote haiM / rasanA aura sparzaneMdriya meM yaha saMparka nivivAda hai| jainadarzana kA kathana hai ki cakSa ko isa saMparka kI AvazyakatA nahIM hotii| isI prakAra mana bhI saMparka sthApita nahIM karatA / phalasvarUpa ina donoM meM 'vyaMjanAvagraha nahIM hotaa| vahA~ pratIti kA prAraMbha artha kI anubhUti se hotA hai| nyAyadarzana kA kathana hai ki dravya kA pratyakSa kevala mana yA cakSu ke dvArA hotA hai| zeSa iMdriyA~ kevala guNoM ko grahaNa karatI haiM, dravya ko nahIM / janadarzana kA bhI kathana hai ki cakSu aura mana ke dvArA sarvaprathama 'arthAvagraha hotA hai| unheM vyaMjanAvagraha se avagraha para jAne kI AvazyakatA nahIM hotii| isake viparIta anya iMdriyA~ pahale vyaMjanAvagraha ke rUpa meM guNavizeSa ko grahaNa karatI haiM aura usake pazcAt artha para 'pahuMcatI haiM / --- pRSTha 7, paM. 5 sa ca nayana-mana aura cakSu ko aprApyakArI siddha karane ke lie jainadarzana nIce likhI nyukti prastuta karatA hai anya iMdriyA~ jaba vastu kA grahaNa karatI haiM to una para vastu ke guNoM kA anukUla yA pratikUla prabhAva paDatA hai| agni yA tapI vastu kA sparza uSNatA ke sAtha zarIra para chAle utpanna kara detA hai| isI prakAra 'jihvA aura ghrANeMdriya meM rasa evaM gaMdha ke atirikta anya prabhAva bhI hote haiM, kaThora zabda kAna ke pardo para AghAta karatA hai| cakSu tathA mana para isa prakAra ke prabhAva nahIM hote / Aga ko dekhane para bhI A~khoM meM jalana nahIM hotii| isI prakAra mana para bhI usakA pratikUla prabhAva nahIM pdd'taa| ataH ye donoM aprApyakArI haiN| nyAyadarzana kA kathana hai ki mana kA vastu ke sAtha saMparka nahIM hotA / vaha iMdriya aura AtmA ke bIca kI kaDI hai| kiMtu cakSu-iMdriya aprApyakArI nahIM hai / A~khoM kI razmiyA~ bAhara nikalakara vastu ko grahaNa karatI haiN| vedAMta razmiyoM ke sAtha aMtaHkaraNa kA bhI bAhara nikalanA svIkAra karatA hai| vartamAna vijJAna kA kathana hai ki razmiyAM bAhara nahIM nikalatIM, kiMtu vastu kA A~kha kI putalI meM pratibiMba paDatA hai| dRSTinADI usa pratibiMba ko mastiSka taka le jAtI hai aura jJAna yA anubhUti kA viSaya banA detI hai| yaha mAnyatA bhI cakSu ke aprApyakArI hone kA samarthana karatI hai / jahA~ taka mana kA prazna hai isake dvArA tIna prakAra kI anubhUtiyA~ hotI haiM / prathama prakAra una anubhUtiyoM kA hai jinakA prAraMbha iMdriya-jJAna se hotA hai kiMtu mana apanI ora se usa jJAna meM kisI nae tattva kA saMniveza karatA hai jaise-anumAna / vahA~ dhUma kA iMdriyapratyakSa hotA hai aura usa AdhAra para-mana agni kI pratIti ko joDa detA hai| isI prakAra zrutajJAna meM akSaroM kA pratyakSa hotA hai aura mana artho ko joDa detA hai| aise sthaloM meM mAnasika jJAna ko sabhI ne parokSa mAnA hai| dvitIya prakAra una anubhUtiyoM kA hai jahA~ mana iMdriya dvArA anubhUta padArtha meM uttarottara sUkSmatA evaM vyavasAyAtmakatA lAne kA prayatna karatA hai / jainadarzana meM isI krama kA vibhAjana avagraha, IhA Adi ke rUpa meM kiyA gayA hai| nyAyadarzana ise nirvikalpaka evaM savikalpaka pratyakSa ke rUpa meM upasthita karatA hai / bauddha-darzana prathama nirvika

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. (8) lpaka anubhUti ko pratyakSa aura uttaravartI savikalpaka anubhUtiyoM ko anumAna mAnatA hai| jainadarzana isa viSaya meM prAraMbha ko lekara calanA hai| jisa anubhUti kA prAraMbha iMdriya jJAna se hotA hai use pratyakSa kahatA hai aura jisakA prAraMbha mana se, use parokSa / prastuta donoM prakAroM meM mana kA viSaya ke sAtha saMparka nahIM hotaa| tatIya prakAra sukha-dukha Adi kI anubhUtiyoM kA hai| inameM iMdriyoM kA vyApAra nahIM hotaa| phira bhI unheM pratyakSAtmaka mAnA jAtA hai| inameM bhI mana kA viSaya ke sAtha saMparka nahIM hotaa| zIta-uSNa, madhura-kada, mUgaMdha-darmaca Adi kA grahaNa iMdriyA~ karatI haiN| aura mana unakA prAcIna saMskAroM ke anusAra vargIkaraNa karatA hai| kisI ko anukala koTi meM rakhatA hai aura kisI ko pratikUla koTi meM / iMdriyoM dvArA honevAlI anubhUti vastulakSyI hotI hai, kiMtu mAnasika anubhUti AtmalakSyI hotI hai| rasaneMdriyadvArA mirca-masAloM kI anubhUti bAlaka aura vayaska ko eka-sI hotI hai, kiMtu mAnasika anubhUti meM aMtara A jAtA hai| vayaska unheM svAdiSTa mAnatA hai aura bAlaka besvAda / isase jJAta hotA hai ki mana kA vastu ke sAtha saMparka nahIM hotaa| vaha kevala prAcIna saMskAroM ke anusAra bargIkaraNa karatA hai / mAnasika anubhUtiyoM kA dUsarA prakAra smRtyAtmaka hai| anukUla ghaTanA athavA priya vastu kI smRti sRkha detI hai aura pratikUla kI duHkha / anukUlatA aura pratikUlatA kA AdhAra rAga-dveSa, moha Adi saskAra hote haiN| sukha yA duHkha svataMtra vastu nahIM hai, kiMtu anukala tathA pratikUla anubhUtiyoM kA nAma hI kramazaH sukha yA dukha hai| ataH mana ko prApyakArI kahanA ThIka nahIM hai| nyAyadarzana isake lie aneka prakAra ke saMnikarSoM kI kalpanA karatA hai| tAtvika dRSTi se unakA vizeSa mahattva nahIM hai| pRSTha 9, paM. 7 iticet zrRNu - vartamAna manovijJAna ne mana ke tIna kArya mAne haiM-jJAna, saMvedana aura icchaa| saMvedana kA artha hai sukha-duHkha, anukUla-pratikUla Adi kI anubhUti / mana jaba saMvedana tathA icchArUpa kArya karatA hai, usa samaya una bAtoM se prabhAvita bhI hotA hai / vividha icchAe~ manapara vividha prabhAva DAlatI haiN| kisI icchA evaM saMvedana se mana prasanna hotA hai aura kisI se maprasanna / kiMtu jJAna anukUla vastu kA ho yA pratikUla kA usase isa prakAra kA prabhAva nahIM pdd'taa| yazovijaya ne bhI mana kA yaha vargIkaraNa kiyA hai / jJAna kI avasthA meM ghastadvArA prabhAvita na hone ke kAraNa mana aprApyakArI hai| anya anubhUtiyoM meM jJAna ke sAtha rAgadveSa AdikA - sammizraNa ho jAtA hai| unhIM ke phalasvarUpa anukUlatA yA pratikUlatA kA bhAna hotA hai| pRSTha 9, paM. 9 kSayopazamaTa pATavena-mAnasika jJAna meM vyaMjanAvagraha ke abhAva kA samarthana karate hue yazovijaya ne eka anumAna diyA hai| unakA kathana hai ki mana prathamakSaNa meM hI vastu ko grahaNa kara letA hai| usakI jJAtazUnya avasthA nahIM hotii| isake viparIta sparzana Adi iMdriyA~ jJAnazUnya avasthA meM bhI rahatI haiN| hamArA hAtha kisI vastu ko chUtA hai, kiMtu yadi mana dUsarI ora lagA hai to usa kI anubhUti nahIM hotii| isI jJAnazUnya avasthA kA nAma 'vyaMjanAvagraha' hai / yaha avasthA kevala cAra iMdriyoM meM hotI hai| eka bAta aura hai-sparzana Adi iMdriyA~ sarvaprathama vastu ke sAtha saMparka sthApita karatI haiM aura usake pazcAt jAnane kA kArya prAraMbha hotA hai| isake viparIta mana kI kriyA jAnane se hI prAraMbha hotI hai| use saMparka sthApita karane kI AvazyakatA nahIM hotii| pRSTha 10, pa. 5 svarUpa-arthAvagraha kI paribhASA karate hue batAyA gayA hai ki vahA~ kevala vastu kA bhAna hotA hai / nAma, jAti, guNa Adi kI pratIti nahIM hotii| bauddhadarzana meM isI ko pratyakSa kahA gayA hai / vahA~ usakI vyAkhyA hai-'kalpanApoDhamabhrAMtaM pratyakSam' (dharmakIrti, nyaaybiNdu)| bauddhoM kA kathana hai ki uttaravartI kalpanAe~ mana kA kAma haiN| ve bAteM vastu meM nahIM rahatIM / isake viparIta jainadarzana kA kathana hai ki ve sabhI vastu meM rahatI haiM, kiMtu unakI abhivyakti kramazaH hotI hai| nyAyadarzana sannikarSa ke

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pazcAt nirvikalpaka jJAna ko mAnatA hai, kiMtu usakI vyAkhyA bhinna prakAra se karatA hai| vahA~ vastu aura usakA vizeSa dharma, ghaTa aura ghaTatva donoM pratIta to hote haiM, kiMtu unameM paraspara saMbaMdha kA bhAna nahIM hotaa| yaha bhAna tRtIyakSaNa meM hotA hai isake viparIta janadarzana kA kathana hai ki prathama kSaNa meM kevala vastu kA bhAna hotA hai aura vaiziSTaya kA uttaravartI kSaNoM meN| pRSTha 10, paM. 6 kathaM tahi-naMdisUtra meM avagraha kI vyAkhyA meM AyA hai-'se jahA nAmae kei purise bavvattaM saI suNejjA teNaM saddetti uggahie, na uNa jANai ke vesa sadAi ti' arthAt jaise kisI puruSa ne avyakta zabda sunA / use yaha bhAna nahIM hotA ki vaha kisakA zabda hai ? yahI avagraha hai| yahA~ prazna hotA haiM ki zabda kA bhAna hone para use avagraha kaise kahA jAyagA? kyoMki avagraha meM nAma, jAti Adi kA vargIkaraNa nahIM hotaa| uttara meM AcArya kA kathana hai ki jisa prakAra cA se hone vAle avagraha meM AkAra kA bhAna hone para bhI yaha patA nahIM calatA ki vaha kisakA hai| isI prakAra zrotra se hone vAle avagraha meM kevala zabda kA bhAna hotA hai| vaha kisakA hai yA kyA kaha rahA hai, ityAdi kA bhAna nahIM hotaa| pRSTha 13, paM.6 nanvavagrahe'pi kSipretarAdi........ bheda-prabheda dvArA vastu ko samajhanA bhArata kI prAcIna paripATI hai| pratyeka paraMparA ne isa zailI ko apanAyA hai| bahata bAra aisA bhI haA hai ki bheda-prabhedoM ko lekara paraspara pratispardhA cala paDI aura jisanaM jitane adhika bheda kie vaha utanA hI sUkSma vivecaka samajhA gayA / isI pratispardhA ke kAraNa jainazAstroM meM matijJAna ke bhedoM kI saMkhyA 136 taka pahu~ca gii| sarvaprathama cAra bheda kie gae-avagraha, IhA, avAya aura dhAraNA / avagraha ke punaH do bheda ho gae-arthAvagraha aura vyaMjanAvagraha / vyaMjanAvagraha mana aura cakSu ke dvArA nahIM hotA / zeSa cAra iMdriyoM ke dvArA hone ke kAraNa usake cAra aura arthAvagraha Adi cAroM ke chaH chaH bheda ho ge| ina aTThAIsa meM pratyeka ke punaH 12-12 bheda kara die gae yahA~ yaha prazna hotA hai ki avagraha kevala eka kSaNa rahatA hai / usameM bAraha avasthAe~ saMbhava nahIM haiM / vyaMjanAvagraha meM to artha kA bhAna hI nahIM hotA, aisI sthiti meM yaha bheda kaise kie jA sakate haiN| yazovijA kI sUkSmaddaSTi isa asAmaMjasya para pahu~cI aura unhoMne bhI isakA anubhava kiyaa| dUsarI ora paraMparA ke prati zraddhA banI huI thii| ataH unhoMne uttarakAlIna vikAsa ke AdhAra para avagraha meM bhI ina bhedoM kA samarthana kiyaa| unhoMne spaSTa kahA hai ki vAstava meM ve apAya ke bheda haiM, kiMtu kAraNa meM kArya kA upacAra karake unheM avagraha ke bheda bhI mAna liyA gyaa| pRSTha 13, paM. 9 (avagraho dvividhaH)-uparyukta samasyA kA eka aura samAdhAna prastuta kiyA gyaa| unhoMne avagraha ke do bheda kara die naizcayika aura vyAvahArika / naizcayika avagraha jJAna kI prathama avasthA hai| vahA~ anya bhedoM kA saMbhava nahIM hai / kiMtu vyAvahArika avagraha sApekSa hai| pratyeka jJAna meM hama uttarottara sUkSmatA kI ora jAte haiM aura pratyeka navIna tattva sarvaprathama avagraha ke rUpa meM upasthita hotA hai| udAharaNa ke rUpa meM hamane kisI dUravartI vastu ko dekhA / dvitIya kSaNa meM saMdeha huA ki vaha manuSya hai yA koI anya vastu ? tRtIya kSaNa meM saMbhAvanA hone lagI ki manuSya honA cAhie aura cauye kSaNa meM nizcaya ho gayA ki vaha manuSya hI hai| saMzaya ke pUrvavartI kSaNa ko avagraha kahA jaaygaa| aura uttaravartI do kSaNoM ko kramaza: IhA bora avAya / manuSyatva kA nizcaya hone para punaH saMdeha hotA hai ki vaha rAma hai yA koI anya ? isa saMdeha se pahale rAma kA avagraha hotA hai aura usake pazcAt IhA tathA avAya / isI prakAra jyoM-jyoM jijJAsA baDhatI hai aura hama sAmAnya se vizeSa kI ora jAte haiM, avagraha IDA Adi cAroM avasyAeM nayA rUpa letI rahatI haiM / ina uttaravartI avasthAoM ko lekara avagraha ke bhI 12 bheda kie jA sakate haiN|

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pRSTha 15, paM. 2 sa eva dRDha--yazovijaya ne dhAraNA ko tIna avasthAoM meM vibhakta kiyA hai-avicyati, vAsanA bhAra smRti / avicyuti kA artha hai-anubhUti kA sthAyI honA / vAsanA kA artha hai usakA saMskAra ke rUpa meM pariNata honA / jaba vaha saMskAra punaH udbuddha ho jAtA hai to use 'smRti' kahA jAtA hai / vartamAna manovijJAna kA kathana hai ki hamAre mana para par3ane vAlA koI prabhAva samApta nahIM hotaa| jaba taka vaha cetana mana meM rahatA hai, usakA bhAna hotA rahatA hai| acetana mana meM jAkara vahI saMskAra ke rUpa meM par3A rahatA hai aura avasara Ane para punaH ubuddha ho jAtA hai| inhIM avasthAoM ko yahA~ kramazaH 'vAsanA' tathA 'smRti' kahA gayA hai| yahAM eka prazna hotA hai ki jaina dRSTi se ve saMskAra kahA~ rahate haiM ? isake uttara meM jainadarzana mana tathA samasta iMdriyoM ko dravya tathA bhAva ke rUpa meM vibhakta karatA hai| dravyendriya tathA dravyamana jaDa haiM / bhAveM. driya tathA bhAvamana AtmasvarUpa haiN| samasta saMskAra AtmA meM rahate haiN| unhIM ko kArmaNa zarIra kahA jAtA hai| yaha saMskAra, Ana Apa meM jaDa hone para bhI AtmA ko prabhAvita karate rahate haiN| vartamAna manovijJAna meM jo sthAna acetana mana kA hai, vahI jainadarzana meM karmayukta AtmA kaa| pRSTha 15, paM. 6 kecittu apanayana-kisI-kisI AcArya ne apAya aura dhAraNA kA svarUpa batAte hue kahA hai ki apAya niSedhAtmaka hotA hai aura dhAraNA vidhyAtmaka / IhA meM vizeSa rUpa se jAnane kI icchA hoto hai| usake pazcAt jJAtA vastu kA vivecana karatA hai| sarvaprathama itara vastu kA apalApa karatA hai| udAharaNa ke rUpa meM jaba sAmane khaDe vyakti ko hAtha-paira Adi hilAte dekhatA hai to isa nizcaya para pahu~catA hai ki vaha 'sthANu' nahIM ho sktaa| isI Anayana kA nAma 'Aya' hai| usake pazcAt vidhyAtmaka nizcaya karatA hai ki vaha manuSya hI hai yaha 'dhAraNA' hai| yaha nizcaya para pahu~cane kI vaijJAnika prakriyA hai| marvaprathama sAmAnya jJAna hotA hai / usake pazcAt vizepa ko jinnAsA hotI hai / tatpazcAt vyAvartaka dharmoM ke AdhAra para pakSAMtara kA AlApa kiyA jAtA hai aura usake pazcAt vidhyAtmaka nirNaya para pahuMcate haiN| inhIM ko jainadarzana meM kramazaH avagraha, IhA, avAya aura dhAraNA ke rUpa meM prastuta kiyA gayA hai| yazovijaya kA kathana hai ki Aya sarvatra niSedhAtmaka nahIM hotaa| vaha kahIM vidhirUpa hotA hai aura kahIM niSedharUpa aura kahIM ubhayarUpa / hAya-paira Adi aMgoM kA saMcAlana jisa prakAra sthANu va kA vyAvartaka hai usI prakAra manuSyatva kA pratipAdaka bhI ho sakatA hai| yaha jJAtA para nirbhara hai / ki use kisa prakAra kI pratIti hotI hai| aisI sthiti meM vidhi athavA niSedha donoM ko Aya kahA jAyagA / vAstava meM dekhA jAya to yahA~ do zabda milate haiM : apAya aura avAya / apAya kA zAbdika artha niSedhAtmaka hai| jaise apanayana, apasaraNa, apagama ityAdi / kiMtu ava-upasarga niSedhAtmaka nahIM hai| vaha kevala nizcaya tathA maryAdA ko prakaTa karatA hai jaise avagama, avasthiA ityAdi / avAya meM jJAna nizcayAtmaka aura maryAdita ho jAtA hai| aura usameM vidhi tathA niSedha donoM tattva raho haiN| pRSTha 16, paM 1 anyathA smRte-avAya ko nivedhAtmaka tathA dhAramA ko vizvAtmaka mAna lene para eka Apatti khaDI hotI hai| aisI sthiti meM avicyuti, vAsanA aura smRti ke rUpa meM dhAraNA kI jo vyAkhyA kI gaI hai, use atirikta koTi meM rakhanA hogA / phalasvarUpa matijJAna ke pAMca bheda ho jaaeNge| vAstava meM dekhA jAya to avicyuti aura vAsanA ko jJAna ke bhedoM meM nahIM rakhA jA sakatA / ve kevala smRti ke sahAyaka haiM, upayoga-rUma nahIM haiM / smRti apane Apa meM eka nayA jJAna hai| pUrvAnubhava upameM sahAyaka hotA hai, kiMtu vaha usakI avasthA-vizeSa nahIM hai / pratyeka jJAna AnA kArya pUrA karake zAMta ho jAtA hai| naye jJAna meM, cAhe vaha pUrvAnubhUta vastu kA hI ho, punaH naye avagraha Adi hote haiN| smRti mAnasa-jJAna hai / usameM bhI cAroM avasthAe~ svataMtra rUpa se hotI haiN| aisI sthiti meM yadi niSedha aura vidhi donoM ko avAya mAra

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(11) liyA gayA, to matijJAna ke tIna hI bheda raha jaaeNge| ata: avAya aura dhAraNA ko kramazaH niSedha aura vidhirUpa mAnanA adhika upayukta hai| isake uttara meM yazovijaya kA kathana hai ki yadi jJAna avAya taka hI sImita rahe aura vAsanA yA saMskAra ke rUpa meM pariNata na ho to vaha smRti kA utpAdaka nahIM ho sktaa| mataH smRti ko utpanna karane ke lie jJAna kI eka aisI avasthA mAnanI hogI jo dRDhIbhUta hokara saMskAra choDa jAtI hai| yahI dhAraNA hai| jahA~ taka jJeya kA prazna hai, avAya use pUrI taraha jAna letA hai / dhAraNA meM vahI dRDha hokara saMskAra kA rUpa le letA hai| pRSTha 20, paM. 5 samyaka-samyak-zruta aura mithyA-zruta kA vibhAjana do AdhAroM para kiyA jAtA hai| prathama AdhAra vyaktiniSTha hai aura dvitIya vastuniSTha / Agamika paraMparA vyaktiniSTha AdhAra ko adhika mahattva detI hai| usakA kathana hai ki samyaka-dRSTi kA samasta jJAna samyak hotA hai aura mithyA-dRSTi kA mithyA / aisI sthiti meM AcArAMga Adi jainazAstra bhI mithyA-dRSTi dvArA gRhIta hone para mithyA haiM aura samyaka-dRSTi dvArA gRhIta hone para samyak / vastuniSTha AdhAra meM AcArAMga Adi jainazAstroM ko samyak-zruta kahA gayA aura mahAbhArata, rAmAyaNa Adi jainetara graMthoM ko mithyAzruta / prathama vyAkhyA upayogitA ko lakSya meM rakhatI hai / samyaka-dRSTi apane jJAna kA upayoga AtmavikAsa meM karatA hai| ataH usakA pratyeka jJAna samyak hai / dUsarI ora mithyA-dRSTi usakA upayoga Atmapatana meM karatA hai| ataH usakA pratyeka jJAna mithyA hai| pAzcAtya darzanoM meM isa dRSTikoNa ko upayogitAvAda Pragmatism kahA gayA hai| jisakA vikAsa amarIkA meM huA hai / dUsare zabdoM meM ise phalamUlaka vyAkhyA kahA jaaygaa| tarkayuga meM vyaktiniSTha vyAkhyA kA sthAna vastuniSTha vyAkhyA ne le liyaa| usa samaya yaha kahA gayA ki jo jJAna ghaTa ko ghaTa kahatA hai, vaha samyaka hai| jJAtA samyak dRSTi ho yA mithyA dRSTi isase jJAnake samyaktva meM koI bAdhA nahIM pdd'tii| isa AdhAra para -satya ke pratipAdaka hone ke kAraNa jainagAstroM ko samyakzruta kahA gayA aura asatya ke pratipAdaka hone ke kAraNa jainetara graMthoM ko mithyAzruta / pRSTha 24, paM. 4 yogajadharmAnugahIta-nyAyadarzana pratyeka jJAna meM AtmA aura mana ke saMyoga ko Avazyaka mAnatA hai| mukta-avasthA meM yaha saMyoga nahIM rahatA, ataH jJAna bhI nahIM hotA |yogj athavA atIndriya pratyakSa ke lie bhI yaha saMyoga Avazyaka hai| kiMtu jainadarzana ke anusAra jJAna AtmA kA svAbhAvika guNa hai / pratyeka AtmA apane Apa meM sarvajJa aura sarvadazI hai| jJAna ke lie use mana, iMdriya Adi kisI bAhya kAraNa kI apekSA nahIM hotii| vedAMta meM avidyA ke do rUpa mAne gae haiM-mUlAvidyA aura tUlAvidyA / mUlAvidyA kA nAza AtmasAkSAkAra hone para hI hotA hai| usakI nivRtti AMzika rUpa se nahIM hotii| ghaTa-paTa Adi bAhya vastuoM ke jJAna meM tUlAvidyA AMzika rUpa se haTa jAtI hai aura mana kA vyApAra baMda hone para punaH AvaraNa DAla detI hai| yazovijaya ne bhI jJAnAvaraNa kI vyAkhyA isI prakAra kI hai| kevalajJAnAvaraNa mUlAvidyA ke samAna hai, jo eka hI bAra haTatA hai| prathama cAra jJAnoM ke AvaraNa tUlAvidyA ke samAna haiM, jo AMzika rUpa se haTate haiM aura punaH AtmA ko AvRta kara lete haiN| isIlie jainadarzana meM mAnA gayA hai ki prathapa cAra jJAna satata nahIM rahate 'jaba mana meM jAnane kI icchA hotI hai tabhI AvaraNa rahatA hai aura unakA AvirbhAva hotA hai| isake viparIta kevala jJAna eka bAra utpanna hone para naSTa nahIM hotA aura satata banA rahatA hai| AMzika nivRtti ke kAraNa prathama cAra jJAnoM meM taratamatA rahatI hai| kiMtu kevala jJAna meM nahIM rhtii| vaha sarvatra eka sA hotA hai| pRSTha 25, paM. 2 tacca smaraNa-jainadarzana meM parokSa ke pA~ca bheda kie gae haiM-smaraNa, pratyabhijJAna, tarka,

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anumAna aura Agama / anumAna ko cArvAka ke atirikta sabhI darzanoM ne pramANa mAnA hai| bauddha tathA vaizeSika darzanoM ne tIna bhedoM ko pramANa nahIM mAnA / sAMkhya darzana Agama ko bhI pramANa mAnatA hai| nyAyadarzana prastuta tIna ke atirikta upamAna ko bhI jo pratyabhijJAna kA hI rUpAMtara hai| prabhAkara ne ina cAra ke atirikta arthApatti nAmaka svataMtra pramANa mAnA hai vAstava meM dekhA jAya to yaha anumAna kA hI eka prakAra hai| vedAMta aura bhaTTa mImAMsako ne abhAvanAmaka chaThA pramANa mAnA hai| anya darzana ise bhI anumAna meM sammilita karate haiN| jainadarzana ne smaraNa aura tarka ko bhI prayANa mAnA hai| jise anya darzanoM ne svIkAra nahIM kiyaa| unakA kathana hai ki pramANa kA kArya hai-ajJAta vastu kA jJAna karAnA / smaraNa meM jisa vastu kA bhAna hotA hai, vaha ajJAta nahIM hotii| pUrvagRhIta hone ke kAraNa usake jJAna ko pramANa nahIM kahA jA sakatA / uttara meM jainadarzana kA kathana hai ki vastu jJAta ho yA ajJAta yadi pratItisatya hai to use pramANa mAnanA caahie| ajJAtatA ko prAmANya kA niyAmaka takva nahIM mAnanA caahie| taka kA artha hai-vyApti kA jJAna / jahA~-jahA~ dhUA~ hai, vahA~ agni hotI hai / agni vyApaka hai aura ghUma vyApya / isI jJAna ko tarka kahA jAtA hai| nyAyadarzana isakA pratipAdana dUsare rUpa meM karatA hai| usakA kathana hai ki vyApti kA jJAna pratyakSa ke dvArA hotA hai hama aneka sthAnoM para ghUma aura agni ko eka sAtha dekha kara isa pariNAma para pahuMcate haiN| phira bhI mana meM saMdeha raha jAtA hai ki saMbhava hai kahIM dhUma ho aura agni na ho, isa saMdeha kA nirAkaraNa tarka karatA hai| usakA kathana hai ki dhUma agni kA kArya hai| jahA~ kArya hotA hai, kAraNa avazya hotA hai| kArya-kAraNa bhAva ke isa zAzvata siddhAMta ke AdhAra para ghUma ko vyApya aura agni ko vyApaka mAnA jAtA hai| sAtha hI yaha bhI tarkazAstra kA niyama hai ki jahA~ vyApta hotA haiM, vyApaka avazya rahatA hai / nyAyadarzana isa tarka ko nIce likhe zabdoM meM apasthita karatA hai 'yadi dhUmo vahinavyApyo na syAt bahinajanyo na syAt / ' arthAt dhUma yadi agni kA vyApya nahIM hai to kArya bhI nahIM ho sakatA / usakA kArya honA vyApya hone ko siddha karatA hai / jainetaradarzanoM kA kathana hai ki tarka ke dvArA koI nUtana jJAna nahIM hotA, ataH use pramANakoTi meM nahIM rakhA jA sktaa| phira bhI sabhI ne use anumAna kA jIvanadAtA mAnA hai| isI prakAra smRti, upamAna tathA anumAna donoM ko jIvanapradAna karatI hai| jainadarzana apramANe kA artha mithyAjJAna karatA hai| aura isI AdhAra para smRti tathA tarka ko apramANa koTi meM nahIM rkhtaa| jainetaradarzana ina donoM ko mithyAjJAna na hone para bhI ajJAtavastu ke jJApaka na hone ke kAraNa pramANa nahIM maante| smRti ko pramANasiddha karate samaya yazovijaya ne pUrvapakSa ke rUpa meM do tarka upasthita kie haiN| prathama tarpha yaha hai ki smRti meM 'sa devadattaH' isa prakAra kA bhAna hotA hai| isameM devadatta vizeSya hai aura sa vishessnn| joki devadatta kI parojhatA aura atItatA kI sUcita karatA hai| parokSatA ke saMbaMdha meM koI vivAda nahIM hai, kiMtu yaha Avazyaka nahIM hai ki smRti ke samaya devadatta atIta ho cukA ho| usa samaya bhI vaha vartamAna ho sakatA hai / aisI sthiti meM atItatva kI pratIti samyak nahIM kahI jA sktii| yazovijaya kA kathana hai ki yaha vizeSaNa sarvatra vizeSya kI atItatA kA bodhaka nahIM hai| yahA~ atItatA kA saMbaMdha viSaya ke sAtha na hokara usa pratIti ke sAtha hai jo pahale ho cukI hai| yadi tat kA artha kevala parokSa kiyA jAe taba bhI yaha Apatti nahIM rhtii| pUrva pakSa kI dUsarI yukti yaha hai ki smRti kA prAmANya pratyakSa ke prAmANya para nirbhara hai| yadi pratyakSa abhrAta hai to usakI smRti bhI abhrAMta kahI jaaygii| isake viparIta yadi vaha mithyA hai to smRti bhI mithyA hogii| isa prakAra smRti kA prAmANya svataMtra nahIM hai / ataH use pramANa nahIM mAnanA caahie| uttara meM yazovijaya kA kathana hai ki anumAna kA prAmANya bhI vyAptijJAna ke prAmANya para nirbhara hotA hai, phira bhI use pramANa mAnA jAtA hai / ataH prAmANya kA AdhAra svAtaMtrya na hokara jJAna kI yathA-- rthatA, hai aura isa AdhAra para smRti ko apramANa nahIM kahA jA sktaa|

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(13) pRSTha 26, paM. 6 anubhavasmRtihetukaM pratyabhijJAnam - jainetara darzanoM meM pratyabhijJA zabda kA prayoga sAdhanA ke kSetra meM milatA hai| kazmIra kI pIvasAdhanA ko pratyabhijJA-darzana kahA jAtA hai| vahA~ yaha mAnA gayA hai ki pratyeka jIva ziva arthAt paramAtmA kA saMkucita rUpa hai| apane Apa meM ziva hone para bhI ajJAna ke kAraNa jIva yA pazu mAna rahA hai| usake dUra hote hI apane svarUpa ko pahacAna letA hai aura ziva ho jAtA hai| isI pahacAna ko pratyabhijJA kahA gayA hai| laukikajJAna ke kSetra meM isake sthAna para upamAna zabda kA prayoga milatA hai| isakA artha hai-tulanA ke dvArA prApta hone vAlA jJAna / kisI vyakti ko kahA jAtA hai ki 'gavaya' gAya ke sadRza hotA hai / vana meM jAkara vaha go-sadRza prANI ko dekhatA hai aura samajha letA hai ki yaha gavaya hai nyAya tathA sAMkhyadarzana isakI paribhASA isI rUpa meM karate haiM / kiMtu jainadarzana isakI vyAkhyA vyApaka rUpa meM karatA hai / usakA kathana hai ki pratyakSa aura smRti ke utpanna hone vAle sabhI anubhava pratyabhijJAna hai udAharaNa ke rUpa meM eka hI vyakti ko dubArA dekhakara hama kahate haiM "yaha vahI devadatta hai" / yaha ekatva pratyabhijJAna hai / madatta ko dekhakara hama kahate haiM-"yaha devadatta nahIM hai" do bhAiyoM meM se eka ko dekhakara kahate hai yaha usa sarIkhA hai| isa prakAra ekatva, vasAhatya tathA sAhasya Adi sabhI tulanAtmaka jJAna pratyabhijJAna meM AjAte haiN| pRSTha 29, paM. 2 eteneti-mImAMsaka bhI upamAna kI vyAkhyA meM sAdRzya ko Avazyaka nahIM mAnate / unakA kathana hai ki isake lie saMjJA aura saMzi kA saMbaMdha paryApta hai hama kisI vyakti ko batAte haiM ki gavaya aisA hotA hai / vana meM jAkara vaha umra lakSaNavAle prANI kI dekhatA hai aura pahacAna jAtA hai / yaha jJAna lakSaNa ke AdhAra para hotA hai| sAdRzya ke AdhAra para nahIM / pRSTha 30, paM. 8 svarUpaprayuktA vyApti do prakAra kI hotI hai| sopAdhika aura nirupAdhika jahA~ sAdhya kisI anya saratha ke binA hetu ko vyApta karatA hai, use nirupAdhika vyApti kahA jAtA hai| jaiseagnidvArA dhUma kI vyaapti| jahA~ dhUma hai, vahA~ agni avazya hogii| isake lie agni ko kisI anya tatva kI apekSA nahIM hotii| ataH yaha nirupAdhika vyApti hai| isake viparIta dhUma agni ko tabhI vyApta karatA hai jaba usake sAtha AI IMdhana ho| yahA~ AI IMdhana upAdhi hai| isa saMbaMdha ko sopAdhika kahA jAtA hai| jahA~ sAdhya kisI upAdhi ke binA hetu ko vyApta karatA hai, usa saMbaMdha ko svarUpastha yA svAbhAvika kahA jAtA hai| vahIM para hetu ko samyama mAnA jAtA hai, vahI sopAdhika hone para hetvAbhAsa ho jAtA hai| pRSTha 31, paM. 2 atha svavyApaka... "Upara batAyA jA cukA hai ki vyApti jJAna ke binA anumAna nahIM ho sakatA / hama dasa-bIsa sthAnoM para dhUma aura agni ko eka sAtha dekhate haiM aura isake dvArA yaha nizcaya karate haiM ki jahA~ dhUma hogA, yahA~ agni avazya hogii| yahA~ prazna hotA hai ki kucha sthAnoM para sAhacarya darzana se kAlika evaM sArvadezika vyApti kA nizcaya kaise ho sakatA hai ? do mitra bIsoM bAra eka sAtha dikhAI dete haiM, kiMtu itane mAtra se yaha nirNaya nahIM kiyA jA sakatA ki eka ke binA dUsare kA astitva hI saMbhava nahIM hai| isake uttara meM nyAyadarzana sAmAnyalakSaNA pratyAsatti ko upasthita karatA hai| usakA kathana hai ki sthAnavizeSa para dhUma aura agni ko eka sAtha dekha kara hama dhUmatva aura agnitva ke rUpa meM samasta dhUma evaM samasta agniyoM kA jJAna kara lete haiM aura isI AdhAra para vyApti kA nizcaya karate haiN| isake sthAna para vaha tarkanAmaka svataMtra pramANa ko upasthita karatA hai aura usI ko vyApti kA niyAmaka mAnatA hai / atha svavyApakasAdhyasambhavAditi cet-isake viparIta nyAyadarzana kA kathana hai ki pratyakSa hI vyApti ko grahaNa karatA hai / yahA~ pUchA jAtA hai ki cakSu Adi iMdriyoM ke dvArA dhUma aura agni ke sAmAnAdhikaraNya ko sarvatra kaise jAnA jA sakatA hai ? kyoMki iMdriyoM kA saMbaMdha kucha hI sthAnoM ke sAtha ho sakatA hai| uttara meM nyAyadarzana kA kathana hai ki yadyapi laukika saMnikarSa kucha hI sthAnoM para hotA hai, tathApi sAmAnyalakSaNA

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(14) nAmaka pratyAgati ke dvArA sArvatrika saMbaMdha ko jAnA jA sakatA hai| jainadarzana kA kathana hai ki tarka yA aha ke binA sAmAnyalakSaNapratyAsati saMbhava nahIM hai isakI vyAkhyA do prakAra se kI jAtI hai| sAmAnya kA jJAna yA jJAyamAna sAmAnya kiMtu yahA~ prazna hotA hai ki jaba taka samasta vyaktiyoM kA pratyakSa nahIM hotA taba taka usameM rahanevAle sAmAnya kA pratyakSa kaise ho sakatA hai ? isake lie eka hI upAya hai ki vicAra yA paryAlocana ke rUpa meM pRthak jJAna mAnA jAya / usI ko jainadarzana meM Uha yA tarka kahA gayA hai| pRSTha 33, paM. 7 AhAyaMtrasaMjanam dhUma ko dekhakara agni kA anumAna kiyA jAtA hai| ghUma vyApya hai aura ani vyApaka anumAna kA samarthana karane ke lie yaha kahA jAtA hai ki jahA~ vyApaka nahIM hotA vahA~ vyApya bhI nahIM hotaa| vahA~ vyApaka arthAt agni kA abhAva vyApya ho jAtA hai aura vyApya arthAt dhUma kA abhAva vyApaka / vyAptinizcaya ke lie honevAlI isa pratIti ko AhArya jJAna kahA jAtA hai| kyoMki usakA koI viSaya nahIM hotaa| pRSTha 32, paM. 8 birodhi zaMkA- sthANurvA puruSo vA' isa saMzaya meM do koTiyoM kA mAna hotA hai| pratIti ke spaSTa hone para eka koTi kA pratyakSa ho jAtA hai aura 'sthANurevAyam' yaha pratIti hone lagatI hai / isake sAtha hI 'na puruSa:' isa prakAra nirAkaraNa bhI hotA hai / yahA~ prazna hotA hai-pratyakSa to vidhyAtmaka hotA hai, phira nirAkaraNa kisa jJAna kA viSaya hai ? jainadarzana isake lie tarkanAmaka pramANAMtara upasthita karatA hai| nyAyadarzana vizeSaNatAnAmaka satrikarSa dvArA abhAva kA bhI pratyakSa mAnatA hai usakA kathana hai ki 'ghaTAbhAvavat bhUtala' isa jJAna meM cakSu kA saMbaMdha bhUtala ke sAtha hotA hai aura ghaTAbhAva bhUtala kA vizeSaNa hai, ataH usakA bhI pratyakSa ho jAtA hai| 'sthANrayaM na puruSa:' isa jJAna meM 'puruSAbhAva' 'idaM' arthAt purovartI vastu kA vizeSaNa hai / pRSTha 34, paM. 3 itthaM ca nyAyadarzana kA kathana hai ki tarka kA kArya virodhI zaMkA ko dUra karanA hai / dhUmadvArA agni ke anumAna meM yaha zaMkA ho sakatI hai ki dhUma hone para bhI agni na ho ! tarka isa zaMkA kA nirAkaraNa karatA hai| vaha kahatA hai ki agni ke binA dhUma kA astitva tabhI ho sakatA hai yadi vaha agni kA vyApya na ho, kiMtu agni kA kArya hone ke kAraNa vaha usakA vyApya bhI hai / ataH agni ke binA usakA astitva saMbhava nahIM hai / isa prakAra tarka vyabhicAra zaMkA kA nirAkaraNa karatA hai| svataMtra rUpa se kisI nae jJAna ko utpanna nahIM krtaa| isIlie pramANa nahIM hai| kiMtu dharmabhUSaNa ne tarka ko ajJAna kA nivartaka batAyA hai| yazovijaya kA kathana hai ki yahA~ ajJAna kA artha vyabhicAra-zaMkA hai, jJAnAbhAva nahIM jJAna kA artha hai - nizcayAtmaka pratIti / nizcayAtmaka na hone ke kAraNa saMzaya bhI ajJAna hI hai aura usakA nivartaka hone ke kAraNa tarka ko pramANa mAnA jA sakatA hai / pRSTha 35, paM. 1 nizcitAnyathAnupapattyekalakSaNo hetuH hetu aura sAdhya ke paraspara saMbaMdha ko lekara "bhAratIya darzanoM meM vistRta carcA hai| bauddha tArkikoM ne isake lie vilakSaNa ke rUpa meM mApadaMDa upasthita kiyA hai 1) pakSasattva - arthAt hetu ko pakSa meM rahanA caahie| pakSa kA artha hai vaha sthAna jahA~ anumAnadvArA sAdhya kA astitva batAyA jAtA hai| parvata meM agni kA astitva batAte samaya parvata pakSa hai| 2) sapakSasattva - sapakSa kA artha hai vaha sthAna jahA~ sAdhya kA astitva pUrvanizcita hai jaise rasoIghara yahAM bhI hetu kA honA Avazyaka hai| 3) vipakSAsattva - vipakSa kA artha hai vaha sthAna jahA~ sAdhya kA na honA nizcita hai, jaise sarobara pAnI meM Aga nahIM hotii| aise sthAna meM hetu nahIM rahanA caahie| jisa hetu meM ye tInoM bAteM haiM, vahI sAdhya

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ko siddha kara sakatA hai| nyAyadarzana hetu aura sAdhya meM kArya-kAraNabhAva athavA vyApya-vyApakabhASa kA honA Avazyaka mAnatA hai| dhUma aura agni meM kArya-kAraNabhAva hai tathA brAhmaNatva aura manuSyatva meM vyApya-vyApakabhAva / hetu kArya yA vyApya hotA hai aura sAdhya kAraNa yA vyApaka / jainadarzana ina saMbaMdhoM kI carcA meM nahIM pddtaa| usakA kathana hai ki hetu ke viSaya meM itanA paryApta hai ki mAdhya ke binA usakA na rahanA nizcita ho / itane mAtra se vaha sAdhya kA pratyAyaka ho sakatA hai| udAharaNa ke rUpa meM hama yaha anumAna karate haiM ki kala ravivAra hogA, kyoMki Aja zanivAra hai| zani aura ravi meM kAryakAraNa yA vyApya-vyApaka kA saMbaMdha bahIM hai| phira bhI anumAna kiyA jA sakatA hai / pake hue phala ke raMga ko dekhakara hama usake mIThA hone kA anumAna karate haiN| kyoMki rUpa aura rasa sahacara haiN| isa prakAra jaina tAkikoM ne hetu ke pUrvacara, uttaracara, sahacara bAdi aneka bheda kie haiN| vAstava meM dekhA jAya to yaha matabheda kevala zAbdika hai| nyAyadarzana inhIM hetuoM ko dUsare zabdogya upasthita karatA hai| udAharaNa ke rUpa meM vaha kahegA-kala ravivAra hogA, kyoMki vaha zanivAra kA uttarabhAvI hai| ravivAratva aura zanivAra ke uttarabhAvitva kA sAmAnAdhikaraNya hai aura isI AdhAra para vyApti sthira kI jAtI hai| pRSTha 37, paM. 10 zaMkita .... apratItamitivizeSaNam-apratIta kA artha hai asiddha athavA ajJAta / jo vastu siddha yA jJAta nahIM hai, usI ko sAdhya ke rUpa meM upasthita kiyA jAtA hai, kiMtu bahuta bAra aisA "bhI hotA hai ki pUrvasiddha vastu meM bhI prativAdI athavA jijJAsu ke dvArA zaMkA upasthita hone para use siddha karane kA prayatna kiyA jAtA hai| aisI sthiti meM vaha punaH sAdhya bana jAtI hai| isI prakAra viparIta dhAraNA ko dUra karane ke lie jame hue vizvAsa kI puna: parIkSA kI jAtI hai / ataH yahA~ apratIti zabda ke tIna artha haiM-zaMkita, viparIta aura anadhyavasita / pRSTha 38, paM. 1 pratyakSAdivisadasya nyAyadarzana anumAna ko pratyakSa se prabala mAnatA hai| kiMtu jainadarzana kA kathana hai ki pratyakSa anumAna kA upajIvya hai / ataH pratyakSa se prabala nahIM ho sktaa| jo anumAna pratyakSabAdhita hai, use samyaka nahIM kahA jA sakatA / pRSTha 40, paM. 5 vikalpa siddha-jisa vastu meM sAdhya kI sattA siddha kI jAtI hai, use pakSa yA dharmI kahA jAtA hai| yaha kahIM para pramANasiddha hotA hai, jaise agni ke anumAna meM parvata / hama use pratyakSa dekhate haiN| kiMtu vahuta se anumAna aise bhI hote haiM jahA~ dharmI kI kevala kalpanA kI jAtI hai / satyAsatya kA nirNaya bAda meM hotA hai| udAharaNa ke rUpa meM mImAMsaka marvaja kA astitva nahIM maantaa| usake sAmane sarvajJa kI sattA kA anumAna prastuta karate samaya kahA jAyagA ki-'asti sarvajJaH' / yahA~ sarvajJa pakSa hai aura usameM astitva sAdhya hai| mImAMsaka prazna uThAtA hai ki pakSa ke binA Apa sAdhya ko kahA~ siddha kara rahe haiM ? isa visaMgati ko dUra karane ke lie jainadarzana kA kathana hai ki yahA~ pakSa yA dharmI vikalpasiddha hai / arthAt use vAstavika yA avAstavika kucha na kahakara hama anumAna karate haiM aura yadi hetu sAdhya ko siddha kara detA hai to pakSa bhI pramANita ho jAtA hai| nyAyadarzana aise sthAnoM para anumAna kA rUpa badala detA hai / vaha vyaktivizeSa ko lekara sarvajJatva kI siddhi karegA / athavA 'asti sarvajJaH' na kahakara 'asti kazcid sarvajJaH' yoM kahegA / aisI sthiti meM 'kazcit' pakSa ho jAtA hai aura sarvajJatva sAdhya / Izvara kA astitva siddha karate samaya bhI 'Izvaro asti,nahIM khtaa| isake sthAna para kahatA hai-'kSityaMkurAdikaM kartajanyaM, kAryatvAt' yahA~ pakSa kSiti, aMkura Adi haiM aura unameM kartajanyatva sAdhya hai| manuSya unakA kartA nahIM ho sakatA, ataH apane-Apa Izvara kA astitva siddha ho jAtA hai| . yazoviSaya ne bhI vizeSAvazyaka-bhASya kA ullekha karate hue isa tathya ko svIkAra kiyA hai| unakA -kathana hai ki niSedha karate samaya samAsayukta pada ko toDa kara eka meM dUsare kA apalApa samajhanA caahie|

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udAharaNa ke rUpa meM jaba hama kahate haiM-'svaraviSANaM nAsti' to isakA artha hai-'khare viSANaM nAsti' / yahA~ khara dhamI hai aura usameM viSANarUpa,dharma kA niSedha kiyA gayA hai| bhASyakAra kA kathana hai ki asat kA niSedha nahIM hotaa| paSTha 47, paM. 7 kazcit kAraNarUpa...... - kArya se kAraNa aura vyApya se vyApaka kA anumAna sabhI darzanoM ne mAnA hai / jainadarzana kA kathana hai ki kAraNa se bhI kArya kA anumAna ho sakatA hai| jaise vizeSaprakAra ke bAdaloM ko dekhakara yaha anumAna kiyA jA sakatA hai ki vRSTi hogii| nyAyadarzana agni se dhUma ke anumAna ko sopAdhika kahatA hai aura use hetvAbhAsa mAnatA hai| usakA kathana hai ki agni se dhuMA~ tabhI utpanna hotA hai, iMdhana jaba Ardra ho| yahI upAdhi hai| jainadarzana kA kathana hai ki jahA~ kAraNa kA pUrI taraha paryAlocana ho sakatA ho, vahA~ usase kArya kA anumAna kiyA jA sakatA hai / isake lie do bAteM upasthita kI jAtI haiM-kAraNa sAkalya aura sAmarthya kA pratibaMdha / ataH kAraNa ko hetvAbhAsa nahIM mAnanA cAhie / isI prakAra pUrvacara, uttaracara Adi hetu bhI ho sakate haiN| sAMkhya-kArikA meM kAraNa se kArya ke anumAna ko pUrvavata kahA gayA hai| isakA artha haipUrvAvasthA se uttara-avasthA kA anumAna / isake viparIta kArya se kAraNa ke anumAna ko zeSavat kahA hai aura vyApya se vyApaka ke anumAna ko sAmAnyatodaSTa / pRSTha 56, paM. 9 ke punaH kAlAdayaH ? .. anekAMta jainadarzana kA sarvasva hai| usakA kathana hai ki eka hI vastu kA bhinna-bhinna apekSAoM se aneka rUpoM meM pratipAdana kiyA jA sakatA hai / eka hI vyakti kisI kI apekSA pitA hai, kisI kI apekSA bhAI, kisI kI apekSA putra aura kisI kI apekSA pati / virodha tabhI hotA hai jaba apekSAoM ko choDa diyA jAtA hai / isI pratipAdana zailI ko syAdvAda kahA jAtA / syAd kA martha hai-kathaMcit arthAt kisI apekSA se aura vAda kA artha hai- kathana yA vaktavya / Agama sAhitya meM isake lie cAra apekSAe~ milatI haiN| dravya, arthAt vyakti, kSetra, kAla, aura bhAva arthAt avasthA yA paryAya / yazovijaya ne inakI saMkhyA ATha batAI hai| inameM AtmarUpa, guNideza aura kAla kramaza: dravya kSetra aura kAla ke samAna haiN| bhAva ko 5 bAtoM meM vibhakta kara diyA gayA hai-artha, saMbaMdha, upakAra, saMsarga aura zabda / jarmanI ke prasiddha dArzanika kAMTa ne bhI ina apekSAoM kA pratipAdana kiyA hai / unhoMne vastu kA do bhAgoM meM vizleSaNa kiyA hai / prathama bhAga hai, vastu kA apanA svarUpa ( Thing in itself ) dUsarA bhAga haiM usakI vyAkhyA (Interpretation) vyAkhyA karate samaya pratyeka vyakti apanI paristhiti kA dhyAna rakhatA hai| sthAna kSetra, svArtha, vaiyaktika saMbaMdha Adi tattva isa paristhiti ke ghaTaka haiN| jainadarzana kA bhI kathana hai ki zabda samagravastu kA pratipAdana nahIM kara sktaa| pratyeka vastu anaMta dharmAtmaka hai aura vaktA apanI apekSA ke anusAra kisI dharma ko pakaDakara vyavahAra karatA hai| vedAMta ne mUla dravya ko satya kahA aura ina apekSAoM yA guNoM ko mithyaa| dUsarI ora bauddha darzana kA kathana hai ki kevala guNa hI satya haiM / dravya kI sattA korI kalpanA hai / jainadarzana donoM kA samanvaya karatA hai| usakA kathana hai ki donoM satya haiM / sAmAnya aura vizeSa donoM vAstavika haiM / ghaDe ko ghaDA bhI kahA jA sakatA hai aura eka sattA bhii| yaha vaktA kI apano dRSTi hai ki vaha sAmAnya kA pratipAdana karatA hai aura kahIM vizeSa kaa| pRSTha 59, paM. 2 atha nayA-naya zabda kI vyutpatti hai-'nIyate aneneti nayaH' arthAt vaha pratIti jisake dvArA vyakti kisI eka dizA kI ora cala paDatA hai / pramANa sarvagrAhI hotA hai| usakA lakSya hotA hai, vastu ko pUrNa rUpa se jaannaa| isake viparIta naya kA jhukAva vastu ke kisI eka aMza kI ora hotA hai| vaha dUsare aMza kA apalApa nahIM krtaa| kiMtu tAtkAlika svArtha ko lekara kisI eka kA cunAva karatA hai| udAharaNa ke rUpa meM eka hI vyakti ko bhinna-bhinna avasaroM para bhinna-bhinna zabdoM dvArA prakaTa kiyA jAtA hai| jaba vyavasAya kI carcA hotI hai taba use adhyApaka yA vyApArI kahA jAtA haiM / jaba jAti kI to brAhmaNa

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(17) yA kSatriya, jaba prANizAstra kI to manuSya, jaba dArzanika tattvoM kI to AtmA yA cetana / vibhinna apekSAoM ke AdhAra para kie jAne vAle isa vyavahAra ko 'naya' kahA jAtA hai / pramANa kA mukhya lakSyavastu kA jJAna hotA hai aura naya kA mukhya lakSya vyavahAra / pRSTha 63, paM. 6 tathA vizeSagrAhiNaH - tattvArthasUtra meM AyA hai 'arpitAnapitasiddheH' arthAt vastu apita aura anarpita ke rUpa meM siddha hotI hai| arpita kA artha hai-vizeSa / jahA~ vastu ko koI AkAra de diyA jAtA hai| anarpita kA artha hai-sAmAnya, jahA~ yaha AkAra nahIM diyA jAtA / pRSTha 64, paM. 8 sthitapakSatvAd-maya ke svarUpa meM batAyA gayA hai ki vaha kisI eka pakSa ko lekara calatA hai / saiddhAntika carcA ke samAna sAdhanA ke kSetra meM bhI usakA vahI dRSTikoNa hai| jainadarzana mokSa ke lie darzana, jJAna aura cAritra tInoM ko kAraNa mAnatA hai| jainetara darzanoM meM bhaktivAdI paraMparAe~ darzana yA zraddhA para bala detI haiM / vedAMta, sAMkhya, nyAya Adi dArzanika paraMparAe~ jJAna para aura mImAMsaka kriyA para / jainasAdhanA meM bhI vibhinna naya vibhinna sAdhanoM ko pRthaka-pRthaka rUpa meM lekara calate haiN| indracandra zAstrI

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HTTo ac Urn QN pa + + + + + 4 . zrI sudharmA mudraNAlaya pAtharDI, (ahamadanagara).