Gyanvishayak Samasyaono Samanya Parichay

Author(s): Nagin J Shah
Publisher: Z_Bharatiya_Tattva_gyan_001201.pdf
Catalog link: https://jainqq.org/explore/249538/1

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jJAnaviSayaka samasyAono sAmAnya paricaya sane, vastune (Realityne) ApaNe kevI rIte jANI zakIe chIe e prazna atyanta mahattvano che. jenA vaDe ApaNe vastune jANI zakIe evAM koI sAdhano che? jo hoya to keTalAM che ane zA AdhAre ApaNe temane yathArtha jJAnanAM (pramAnAM) sAdhano gaNI zakIe? jJAnanA yathArthanI (prAmANyanI) kasoTI zI che? jJAnane ane jJAnanA yathArbane ApaNe kevI rIte jANIe chIe? jJAna aMgenI A keTalIka samasyAo che. A samasyAono uttara bhAratIya darzanoe zo Apyo che te ApaNe saMkSepamAM ahIM nirUpIzuM. pramA(=pramANa yathArtha jJAna)nuM lakSaNa kaNAdane mate je jJAna doSarahita che te jJAna ja yathArtha che, pramANa che, vidyA che.' temano kahevAno Azaya e che ke je jJAnanuM kAraNa doSarahita che te jJAna ja yathArtha che. vAtsyAyana sarva upalabdhine yathArtha jJAna kahe che. paraMtu e hakIkata emanA dhyAna bahAra nathI ke badhAM jJAno yathArtha (pramA=pramANa) nathI paraMtu te jJAno ja yathArya che je vastune jevI che tevI rajU kare che (arthavanuM pramANa). vAcaspati "arthavat zabdano artha kare che arthAvyabhicAri. 'arthavyabhicArithI pote zuM kahevA mAge che te vAcaspati vizada rIte samajAve che. A dharmane pramAlakSaNamAM te akSarazaH mUke che.* Ama jJAnano artha svabhAva sAthe avisaMvAda ja jJAnanuM yAyAAke prAmANya che. uttarakAlIna taiyAyiko vAcaspatinuM anusaraNa kare che ane kahe che ke arthamAM je dharma kharekhara hoya te dharmasahita arthane rajU karanAruM jJAna pramANa (yathArya che. tethI tarkasaMgrahamAM yathArtha anubhavanuM lakSaNa A pramANe che- tati tatvaIRoDanubhavo yathArtha ! vaLI, jJAnanA tajanya pravRtti sAthenA saMvAdane pramANanA eka lakSaNa tarIke rajU karatAM paNa taiyAyiko khacakAtA nathI. je jJAna arthakriyAkArI che, arthAt je jJAna pravRttine saphaLa banAve che te jJAna yathArtha (arthavat = pramANa) che. A che zAnano svajanya pravRtti sAtheno avisaMvAda prabhAkare anubhUtine ja pramANanA lakSaNarUpe prastuta karI che. bauddha prabhAva heThaLa bhaTTa mImAMsakoe agRhItagrAhityane pramANanA eka anivArya dharma tarIke svIkAryuM che. teo evA matanA che ke te ja jJAnane pramANa gaNI zakAya je yathArtha hovA uparAMta agRhItagrAhI hoya. je jJAna kaMI navuM jJAna nakarAve ane piSTapeSaNarUpa hoya te jJAna yathArtha hovA chatAM vyartha

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bhAratIya tatvajJAna che, nirarthaka che. tethI yathArtha phAna jo agrahItagrAhI hoya to ja tene pramApade sthApavuM joIe, anyathA nahi. A mImAMsaka matano taiyAyiko sakhata virodha kare che. teo kahe che ke gRhIta viSayane grahaNa karanAro yathArtha anubhava vikaLa yA nirarthaka nathI. sApa, kaTo, rIMcha, magara, viSadhara, vagere heya viSayo pharI pharI dekhAya che tyAre dareka vakhate temane dUra karavA satvara pravRtti thAya che. caMdana, kapUra, hAra, ramaNI, vagere upAdeya viSayo pharI pharI daSTigocara thAya che tyAre dareka vakhate atyaMta sukha thAya che, A sukha darekane anubhavagamya che. Ama tyAjya vastunuM punaH punaH darzana ke grAhya vastunuM punaH punaH darzana akiMcitthara nathI. tethI jJAnane mA banavA agRhItagrAhI hovuM jarUrI nathI. agRhItagAhitya uparAMta akAraNajanyatvane paNa bhAdde mImAMsakoe pramANalakSaNamAM sthAna ApyuM che. Ama karIne temaNe kaNAdanuM anusaraNa che." bauddha dharmakIrti avisaMvAditAne pramANanA lakSaNa tarIke rajU kare che. te avisaMvAditAne jJAna ane tajanya pravRttino saMvAda samaje che. je viSayanuM jJAna thayuM hoya te ja viSayane prApta karavA karAyelI te jJAnajanya pravRtti te viSayane prApta kare to te jJAna avisaMvAdI gaNAya. virodhIoe jaNAvyuM ke bauddha mate vastu kSaNika hoI jJAne darzAvela viSaya ane te jJAnajanya pravRtti vaDe prApta viSaya kadI eka hoI zake ja nahi; pariNAme, kSaNikavAdamAM phAAna ane pravRtti vacceno avisaMvAda ja asaMbhava hoI koI jJAnane pramANa gaNI rAkAya nahi. A muzkelIno ukela dharmottara ema sUcavIne kare che ke pramANanuM lakSaNa bAMdhatI vakhate dharmakIrtie viSayasantatine daSTi samakSa rAkhI che, te sattatinI kSaNone daSTi samakSa rAkhI nathI. dharmakIrtie pramANanI samasyAne vyAvahArika daSTie vicArI che, je daSTi vastune sthAyI svIkAre che. uparAMta, dharmakIrtine mATe pramANe ajJAta arthane grahaNa karavuM Avazyaka che. pramANa e kaMIka navuM jJAna che, te agRhItagrAhI che, ajJAta arthano prakAza karanAruM che." dharmakIrtine koI Apatti Ape che ke pramANanuM AvuM lakSaNa mAnatAM to svalakSaNarUpa vizeSane grahaNa karanAra jJAna pachI tarata utpanna thanAruM sAmAnyagAhI jJAna pramANa banI jaze kAraNa ke svalakSaNagrAhI pUrva zAne na jANelA viSayane (sAmAnya) te zAnathI janya uttara jJAna jANe che. paraMtu dharmakIrti jaNAve che ke temano Azaya ema kahevAno che ke ajJAta svalakSaNane jANanAruM jJAna pramANa che;" pramANa dvArA loko svalakSaNarUpa vizeSane meLavavA icche che, kAraNa ke svalakSaNarUpa vizeSa ja snAna, pAna, vagere abhimata akriyA pAra pADavAnuM sAdhana che. bauddha mate vastu kSaNika hoI koI eka vastune grahaNa karanArAM be jJAno saMbhavI ja na zake. tethI kSaNivAdanA mULabhUta siddhAntanI sAthe saMvAda jALavavA mATe pramANanA viziSTa lakSaNa tarIke agRhItagAhitvane rajU karavAnuM dharmakIrti yogya samaje che.

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jJAnaviSayaka samasyAo 139 jaina paraMparAmAM siddhasena divAkara pramANane sva-paraprakAzarUpe prastuta kare che.' akalaMka paNa A lakSaNane pramANanA eka lAkSaNika dharma tarIke svIkAre che, paraMtu te avisaMvAdane ja pramANanA kharA lakSaNa tarIke svIkAre che. avisaMvAdano temane abhipreta artha che bIjA pramANa vaDe bAdhana pAmavo te temaja potAnI aMdara ja pUrvApara avirodha." uparAMta, avisaMvAdathI jJAna ane viSayasvabhAva vacceno meLa (saMvAda) paNa te samaje che. keTalIka vAra avisaMvAdano artha jJAna ane tajajanya pravRtti vacceno saMvAda kare che. avisaMvAda uparAMta vyavasAyAtmakatAne paNa te pramANano eka Avazyaka dharma gaNe che. temanuM nirIkSaNa che ke pramANanI avisaMvAditA vyavasAyAtmakatA vinA saMbhavatI nathI. avisaMvAditA nirNayAtmakatAyatta che. vaLI, te anadhigatAryAdhigantu (= 'agRhItagrAhI') vizeSaNane pramANalakSaNamAM dAkhala kare che. ahIM dharmakIrtino prabhAva jaNAya che. kSaNijvAdI bauddha badhAM pramANarUpa jJAnone navIna arthane grahaNa karanArAM gaNI zake. paraMtu jenone mate to vastu yaMcit sthAyI che. tethI pramANanI vyAkhyAmAM akaleke 'anadhigatArthAdhigamna pada dAkhala karavuM yogya nathI. uttaramAM akalaMka jaNAve che ke vastu kathaMcit sthAyI hoI asaMkhya (anaMta) paryAyo, dharmo dharAve che. tethI be ke vadhu pramANarUpa jJAna eka ja viSayavastune jANatA hovA chatAM te jJAna bIjA koI paNa zAne nirNAtana karelA dharma yA paryAyane nirNata kare che. tethI akalaMkane mate "anadhigatAryAdhigatR padano artha che 'anirNatAryanirNatikaC." akalaMka smRtinI bAbatamAM A zaratamAM chUTa mUke che. Ama A zarata bAbate te custa nathI. tethI, chevaTe akalaMka anusAra pramANajJAnanA Avazyaka prANabhUta dharmo che jJAnano viSaya sAthe saMvAda, abhimata arthakriyA sAdhI ApanAra viSayane prApta karAvI ApavAnuM te jJAnanuM sAmarthya ane te jJAnano vyavasAyAtmaka svabhAva. e noMdhavuM rasaprada banaze ke akalaMka anekAntavAdanA siddhAnta sAthe saMvAditA jALavavA badhAM ja vyAvahArika jJAnone pramANa ane apramANa banerUpa gaNe che. koI paNa vyAvahArika jJAna ekAntapaNe pramANa ke apramANa nathI. paraMtu ApaNe te jJAnane pramANa gaNIe chIe jo te jJAnano prastuta viSaya sAthe mahadaMze saMvAda hoya, ane te jJAnane apramANa gaNIe chIe jo te jJAnano prastuta viSaya sAthe mahadaMze visaMvAda hoya. indriyo ane mananI zaktio maryAdita che e hakIkatanuM bhAna akalaMkane Avo mata ghaDavA tarapha dorI gayuM lAge che. paraMtu indriya ane mananI apekSA na rAkhanAra kevalajJAna nAmanA utkRSTa mukhya parama pratyakSajJAnanI aikAntika Atyantika (absolute) pramANatAno niSedha akalaMka karo nahi. A sUcave che ke anekAntasiddhAntane je te bAbatane lAgu pADavAmAM viveka jarUrI che. je vinA viveka tene badhe ekasarakho lAgu pADavAmAM Ave to kevalajJAnane paNa kathaMcit pramANa ane kathaMcit apramANa gaNavuM paDe. paraMtu ahIM kevalajJAnanA kSetramAM anekAntavAdano vyApAra

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140 bhAratIya tatvajJAna aTakI jAya che. tethI kahyuM che ke anekAnta paNa anekAnta che, arthAt amuka kSetromAM te vyApAra kare che ane amuka kSetromAM teno vyApAra aTakI jAya che. sAMkhyamatamAMcitta (buddhi) jJAtA che. cittacittavRtti dvArA vastune jANe che. cittavRtti eTale cittano viSayAkAra pariNAma cittavRtti ja sAMkhyamate jJAna che, je cittavRtti (Ana) asaMdigdha hoya, avyabhicArI hoya ane anadhigataviSayaka hoya te ja pramANa che.* pramAnuM sAdhakatama kAraNa (karaNa pramANa) ApaNe pramAnI (= yathArtha jJAnanI vyAkhyAonI carcA karI. paraMtu pramAnuM sAdhatama kAraNa (karaNa) zuM che? nyAyabhASyakAra vAtsyAyana pramAnA (upalabdhinA) hetune pramAkaraNa (= pramANa) mAne che." paraMtu zuM AvA jJAnanA koI paNa maraNane pramAkaraNa (=pramANa) gaNI zakAya? koI paNa kAraNane nahi paNa je sAdhakatama kAraNa hoya tene ja pramAkaraNa (pramANa) gaNAya. paraMtu ahIM prazna UThe che ke pramAAnanAM janaka kAraNo to prameya, pramAtA, vagere aneka hoya che, to te aneka kAraNomAMthI kayA kAraNane sAdhakatama gaNavuM? A prazna paratveniyAyikomAM be mata che. keTalAka neyAyiko mAne che ke amArUpa kArya je vyApArathI avyavahitapaNe sAkSAt utpanna thAya te vyApAra ja pramAnuM sAdhaktama kAraNa che. keTalAka niyAyikonA mate Avo vyApAra je kAraka dharAvatuM hoya te sAdhakatama kAraNa (karaNa) che. AthI sAkSAtkArI (=pratyakSa) pramAzAnanI bAbatamAM prathama mata dharAvatA niyAyike indriyanA vyApArane (=satrikarSane) sAdhaktama kAraNa (karaNa) arthAt pramANa gaNe che jyAre bIjo mata dharAvatA neyAyiko te sannikarSarUpa vyApAravALI Idriyane sAdhatama kAraNa arthAt pramANa gaNe che. niyAyika jayaMta bhaTTa to je kAraNothI pramAjJAna utpanna thAya che te badhAM kAraNonI sAmagrIne ja sAdhatama kAraNa gaNI pramANapade sthApe che. A kAraNasAmagrInI aMdara pramAtA, prameya ane yathAsaMbhava Indriya, mana, prakAza vagereno samAveza thato hoI tene bodhAbodhasvabhAvavALI temaNe varNavI che.* sAmagrI tAntargata kArakonI apekSAe sAdhatama che. sAmagrI vyApArarahita che. e noMdhavuM rasaprada banaze ke kumArile potAnA zlokavArtikamAM pramANa aMgenA vividha zakya matone gaNAvatAM A matano sauprathama nirdeza kya che." pramANa e pramAnuM sAdhakatama kAraNa che. tethI pramA e pramANanuM phaLa che. pramANa ane phaLa (= pramA) vacce bheda che ke abheda e prazna paratvenyAyazeSikone spaSTa mata che ke te baMne vacce bheda che. A mata temanA mULabhUta siddhAnta AraMbhavAdanuM phalita che. AraMbhavAda utpatti pUrve kAryane asatu mAne che tema ja kAraNa ane kArya vacce Acanika bheda mAne che, kArya utpanna thaI samavAya saMbaMdhathI kAraNamAM rahe che. eka vastu nodhavI joIe ke hAnopAdAnAdibuddhi sudhInI lAMbI jJAnaprakriyAmAM eka ja jJAnAvasthA pUrva jJAnAvasthAnI apekSAe phaLa ane uttara jJAnAvasthAnI apekSAe pramANa che.

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jJAnaviSayaka samasyAo 141 niyAyikoe indriyavyApArathI hAnopAdAnAdibuddhi sudhI kramika phaLonI paraMparAne phaLa gaNavA chatAM te paraMparAmAM pUrva pUrva phaLane uttara uttara phaLanI apekSAe pramANa gamyuM che. arthAt indriya to pramANa ja che, phaLa nathI; ane hAnapAdAnAdibuddhi phaLa ja che, pramANa nathI. paraMtu madhyagata satrikarSa, nirvikalpa ane savikalpa A traNa pUrva pramANanI apekSAe phaLa che jyAre uttara phaLanI apekSAe pramANa paNa che. Ama phaLa pramANa kahevAya che paraMtu svabhinna uttara phaLanI apekSAe, kAraNa ke taiyAyikone mate pramANa ane tenuM phaLa abhinna nathI, nayAyikone pramANa ane phaLano abheda ISTa nathI. * dhamakIrti mAne che ke jJAna sivAya bIjuM koI pramAkaraNarUpa pramANa kahevAvAne lAyaka nathI kAraNa ke te ja pramAnuM sAdhakatama kAraNa che. AnAM be kAraNa che : (1) indriyo, satrikarSa, vagere ajJAnarUpa hoI jJAnane utpanna karavuM temanA mATe asaMbhava che. (2) jJAna ja upAdeya vastunI prApti ane heya vastuno parihAra karAvavA samartha che. AmAMthI e tAraNa nIkaLe che ke cAra pratyayomAMthI (=kAraNomAMthI) avyavahita pUrvavata jJAnakSaNane (samanantarapratyayane dhamakIrti pramAnuM sAdhakatama kAraNa gaNe che. ahIM pramANa zabdathI dharmakIrti prArUpa phaLanuM sAdhakatama kAraNa samaje che. paraMtu anya sthaLe te eka DagaluM AgaLa vadhI pramAzAnagata viSayasArUpyane pramANa gaNe che. te jaNAve che ke amuka pramAjJAnane nIlajJAna ke pItajJAnarUpe nirNAta te pramAAAnagata arthasArUpyane AdhAre karavAmAM AvatuM hoI A arthasArUpyane pramANa gaNavuM joIe. ahIM temaNe pramAAnanA sAdhatama kAraNane pramANa gaNavAnuM choDI dIdhuM jaNAya che. tene badale jene AdhAre pramAjJAnane nIlajJAna ke pItAna tarIke nirNata karavAmAM Ave che te jJAnagata viSayAkArane arthasArU...ne) pramANa kahevuM te yogya gaNe che. Ama pramA ane pramANa vacce kAryakAraNabhAva nathI paNa vyavasthApya vyavasthApakabhAva che. vaLI, amuka pramAjJAna ane tagata arthakAra vacce abheda hoI, dharmakIrti pramANa ane phaLano abheda mAne che. A vAta te sautrAntika daSTibiMdue kare che. paraMtu vijJAnavAdI tarIke te jaNAve che ke jJAnanI potAne jANavAnI yogyatA e pramANa che ane jJAnane potAne thatuM potAnuM jJAna (svasaMvedana) pramANaphaLa che." jena tArkika akalaMka paNa dharmakIrti sAthe eTale sudhI sahamata che ke jJAnane ja pramAnA sAdhakatama kAraNarUpa pramANa tarIke svIkAravuM joIe. jJAnane ja pramANa tarIke svIkAravAnAM je kAraNo dharmakIrtie ApyAM che te ja kAraNo akalaMka paNa Ape che." paraMtu temanA A matano artha e che ke (Atmadravyano) zAna nAmano guNa potAnA amuka paryAyanuM (arthAt yathArtha ghaTajJAna, paTajJAna jevA koI paryAyanuM) sAdhakatama kAraNa che. jJAnaguNa pote pramANa che ane teno yathArtha ghaTajJAna AdirUpa paryAya pramA che. tethI te be vacce bhedabhedano saMbaMdha che. Ama akalaMkanA mate pramANa ane phaLa vacce bhedabheda che."

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bhAratIya tattvajJAna 142 e hakIkta nodhapAtra che ke jJAnaprakriyAnI kAryakAraNanI zRMkhalAnI madhyavartI kaDIone sApekSabhAvathI pramANa ane phaLa baMne gaNavAnI nyAyavaizeSika zailIne paNa jaina paraMparAmAM akalaMka ja sauprathama svIkAre che.' uttaravartI kALamAM AcArya hemacaMdra akalaMka kahelI vAtane ja judI rIte rajU kare che. te kahe che ke kartRsya jJAnaguNa pramANa che'' ane te jJAnaguNa karmonmukha banI ghaTajJAna vagererUpa je paryAya dhAraNa kare che te phaLa che. jJAnaguNa ane tenA ghaTajJAna vagere paryAya vacce bheThAbheda che, ane temanI vacce vyavasthApya-vyavasthApakbhAva che. eka ja jJAnamAM gAnaguNa ane jJAnaguNaparyAya baMne hoI pramANa ane phaLa vacce abheda che paraMtu te baMne vacce vyavasthApyavyavasthApaka bhAva hoI bheda che,46 v jJAnanuM jJAna kevI rIte thAya che ? * bAhyArthavAdI ke vijJAnavAdI badhA ja bauddhone mate jJAna svayaM potAne jANe che, jJAna svaprakArA che, svasaMvedI che. jaino, prAbhAkara mImAMsako ane vedAntIo A mudde bauddho sAthe sahamata che. paraMtu bhATTa mImAMsako ane naiyAyiko viziSTa mato dharAve che. bhATTo anusAra jJAna svasaMvedI to nathI ja paNa sAthe sAthe pratyakSagrAhya paNa nathI. jJAnanA pariNAma (kArya) uparathI jJAnanuM anumAna thAya che. jJAnanuM pariNAma che jJAnane kAraNe viSayamAM AvelI jJAtatA (prAkTaca). udAharaNArtha, jyAre ApaNe ghaTane jANIe chIe tyAre ghaTamAM jJAtatA nAmano dharma pedA thAya che. te jJAtatA uparathI ghaTajJAnanuM anumAna ApaNe karIe chIe." Ama jJAna svabhAvathI ja kumArilamate parokSa che. jJAnajanya jJAtatArUpa liMga dvArA jJAnanuM anumAna thAya che. naiyAyika anusAra jJAna pratyakSagrAhya hovA chatAM te potAnA sivAya bIjA jJAnathI pratyakSa thAya che. jJAna anuvyavasAyarUpa mAnasa pratyakSathI grAhya che. naiyAyikamate 'A ghaTa che' evuM cAkSuSa jJAna thAya che tyAre te jJAnamAM to te jJAnanuM jJAna bhAsatuM nathI. paraMtu A cAkSuSa jJAna thayA pachI, jo jJAtA icche to, chaThThI indriya mana dvArA cAkSuSa jJAnanuM mAnasa pratyakSa thAya che. A mAnasa pratyakSane anuvyavasAya kahevAmAM Ave che. Ama jJAna jo ke utpanna thatAMnI sAthe ja svayaM prakAzamAna nathI-svayaM jJAta nathI to paNa pachInI kSaNe tenuM mana dvArA pratyakSa thaI zake che.' bhale bAhyArthanuM jJAna pratyakSarUpa hoya, anumitirUpa hoya, upamitirUpa hoya ke zAbdarUpa hoya paNa te jJAnanuM jJAna to anuvyavasAyarUpa mAnasa pratyakSathI ja thaI zake. are, smRti vagere jJAnonuM jJAna paNa anuvyavasAyarUpa mAnasa pratyakSathI ja thaI zake. koI paNa prakAranuM jJAna kema na hoya te pote potAne jANatuM ja nathI; tenuM jJAna to tenI avyavahita uttara kSaNe, jJAtA icche to, anuvyavasAyarUpa mAnasa pratyakSathI thAya che. bAhyArthanuM jJAna (pramAjJAna) thavA mATe te jJAnanuM jJAna jarUrI nathI. bAhyArthajJAna pote ajJAta rahIne ja potAnA viSayanuM jJAna karAve che. bAhyArthanuM jJAna jyAre thAya che tyAre te jJAnanuM jJAna thatuM ja nathI. je potAne na jANe te bIjAne kevI rIte jANI zake ?-A prazna

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jJAnaviSayaka samasyAo 143 ja khoTo che. jJAnano svabhAva viSayane ja jANavAno che, potAne jANavAno che ja nahi.' mAnasa pratyakSa jyAre pUrvavartI jJAnane jANe che tyAre te pUrvavartI jJAna teno viSaya che; mAnasa pratyakSa pote potAne jANatuM nathI. mAnasa pratyakSarUpa anubhava (anuvyavasAya)no ya anubhava uttarakAlIna mAnasa pratyakSathI saMbhave che. anuvyavasAyano anuvyavasAya mAnatAM naiyAyikone koI bAdhA AvatI nathI. anuvyavasAyanA anuvyavasAyanI dhArA pramAtA jyAM sudhI icche tyAM sudhI, pramAtA jyAM sudhI thAke nahi tyAM sudhI ke anya viSayanuM jJAna utpanna na thAya tyAM sudhI cAlI zake. bauddha dharmakIrti ane jaina akalaMka baMne niyAyikanA A viziSTa matanuM khaMDana kare che. teo jaNAve che ke jo jJAna vasaMvedI na hoya paNa potAnA jJAna mATe bIjA jJAna upara AdhAra rAkhatuM hoya to AnanyadoSa Ave. bhA mata paNa AnanyadoSathI dUSita che. akalake tenuM paNa khaMDana karyuM che. 2 sAMkhya mate paNa jJAna saMvedI nathI. ApaNe agAu noMdhyuM che ke sAMkhyamatamAM cittavRtti ja jJAna che. cittavRtti pote potAne jANatI nathI ke eka cittavRtti bIjI cittavRttine jANatI nathI. cittavRttinA jJAnane darzana kahevAmAM Ave che. jJAnanuM jJAna darzana che, jJAnanuM jJAna arthAt darzana puruSa ja kare che. puruSa ja daSTA che. cittano vilayAkAra pariNAma (cittavRtti) jJAna che. ane A cittavRttine puruSe pratibiMbarUpe dhAraNa karavI e darzana che. sAMkhya-yoga anusAra cittavRttio puruSane sadA jAta(daSTa) ja hoya che. koI paNa cittavRtti kyAreya puruSane ajJAta (adaSTa) rahetI nathI. Ano artha e ke jJAna kayAreya puruSathI ajJAta rahetuM nathI. utpanna thatAM ja jJAna jJAta thaI jAya che. jJAna svasaMvedya nathI paNa puruSasaMvedya che. puruSanA darzanano viSaya jJAna (cittavRtti) ja che. ane citavRttino viSaya bAhyavastu (ane puruSa paNa) che. sAMkhya, bhAkramImAMsaka ane nyAyavaizeSika sivAyanA badhA dArzaniko "ekamata che ke jJAnamAtra svapratyakSa che arthAt jJAna pratyakSa ho yA anumiti, zabda, smRti Adi rUpa ho chatAM paNa te svasvarUpanA viSayamAM sAkSAtkArarUpa ja che, tenuM anumititva, zAbdatva, smRtitva Adi anya grAhyanI apekSAe samajavuM joIe arthAt bhinna bhinna sAmagrIthI pratyakSa, anumeya, smartavya Adi vibhinna viSayomAM utpanna thanArAM pratyakSa, anumiti, smRti Adi jJAna paNa svasvarUpanA viSayamAM pratyakSa ja che." jJAnagata prAmANya(yathArthatA) ke aprAmANya(ayathArthatA)nuM jJAna kvI rIte thAya che? bhAdra mImAMsakonA mate jJAnanuM prAmANya svataH jJAta thAya che (arthAt selfevident che);"tenuM aprAmANya tyAre ja jJAta thAya che jyAre bIjA koI vadhu baLavAna yathArtha jJAnathI te bAdhita thAya che, arthAt tenuM aprAmANya parataH jJAta thAya che. 21 niyAyika mate jJAnanuM prAmANya ke aprAmANya svataH jJAta thatuM nathI paraMtu kAnajanya pravRttinI saphaLatA ke niSphaLatA uparathI anumita thAya che." upalabdha sAMkhya graMtho e

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144 bhAratIya tattvajJAna bAbate koI nirdeza ApatA nathI ke sAMkhyo prastuta prazna paratve zuM valaNa apanAve che paraMtu tenA khaMDanakAronA vidhAno sUcave che ke sAMkhyo prAmANya ane aprAmANya baMnene svataH jJAta samaje che. dharmakIrti anusAra jJAna ja svataH zAMta thAya che jyAre tenuM prAmANya saphaLa pravRtti parathI anumita thAya che. tenA vRttikAra manoratha AnI samajUtImAM kahe che ke jo viSaya abhyasta hoya to prAmANya svataH jJAta thAya che paraMtu jo viSaya anavyasta hoya (arthAt praNava vAra ja gRhIta thato hoya) to prAmANya saphaLa pravRtti parathI anumita thAya che. dharmakIrtinA pramANavArtikamAM ke tenA paranI vRttimAM ke nyAyabiMdumAM aprAmANya kevI rIte jJAta thAya che tenI vAta karavAmAM AvI nathI. zAntarakSita temanA tattvasaMgraha graMthamAM jaNAve che ke jo viSaya abhyasta hoya to jJAnanuM prAmANya ane aprAmANya baMne svataH jJAta thAya che ja paraMtu jo viSaya anabhyasta hoya to zAnanuM prAmANya ane aprAmANya ane pravRttinI saphaLatA ke niSphaLatA uparathI anumita thAya che. bauddhadharmadarzananA Adhunika prakhara vidvAna robAskI ane prophesara esa.sI. ceTarajI' evA bauddha matanI noMdha le che je zAntarakSite ApelA bauddha matathI sAva judo che. A mata anusAra jJAnanuM aprAmANya svataH jJAta thAya che jyAre tenuM prAmANya saphaLa pravRtti parathI anumita thAya che. A baMne vidvAno samakSa sarvadarzanasaMgraha jaNAya che jemAM A mata boddhonA nAme caDAvAyo che. kadAca A mata bauddha ciMtakonA eka vargano hoI zake. athavA, sarvadarzanakAre bauddha matane khoTI rIte rajU karyo hoya. jaina tArkika akalake ardhapaMkti- pramANUM avadAraddhi- jarA amathA pheraphAra sAthe pramANavArtikamAMthI uThAvI che."dharmakIrti sAthe akalaMka paNa mAne che ke jJAnanuM pramANya saphaLa pravRtti parathI anumita thAya che. dharmakIrtinI jema te paNa jJAnanuM aprAmANya kevI rIte jJAta thAya che e prazna bAbata kaMI ja jaNAvatA nathI. uttarakAlIna jaina tArkiko evo mata dharAve che ke viSaya abhyasta hoya to jJAnanuM prAmANya ane apramANyi baMne svataH jJAta thAya che jyAre viSaya anabhyasta hoya to jJAnanuM prAmANya ane aprAmANya baMne pravRttinI saphaLatA ane niSphaLatA uparathI anumita thAya che. Ama jene mata zAMtarakSite nodhelA bauddha mata sAthe taddana ekarUpa che. pramANonI saMkhyA ApaNe joI gayA ke pramAnuM (yathArtha jJAnanuM) je sAdhakatama kAraNa che tene pramANa kahevAmAM Ave che. pAzcAtya tArkiko sAmAnyataH be ja pramANe mAne che pratyakSa ane anumAna. paraMtu bhAratIya dArzanikomAM pramANanI saMkhyA paratve vividha mantavyo che. cArvAko eka ja pramANa mAne che. te che pratyakSa. bauddho ane vaizeSika be ja pramANa svIkAre che. pratyakSa ane anumAna. sAMkhyo A bemAM trIjA pramANa zabdano umero kare che. naiyAyiko A traNa uparAMta cothuM upamAna pramANa svIkAre che. prAbhAkara mImAMsako

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jJAnaviSayaka samasyAo AcAra sAthe pAMcamuM arthapattipramANa svIkAre che. bhAkramImAMsako ane vedAntIo A pAMca uparAMta chaThuM abhAvapramANa (anupalabdhipramANa) mAne che. paurANika A che pramANamAM saMbhavapramANa (probability) ane aitihya pramANe (tradition) e be umere che." maNimekhalAImAM kahyuM che ke vedavyAsa, kRtakoTi ane jaimini anusAra kula dasa pramANa che. ahIM ApaNane be navAM pramANonAM nAma maLe che-svAbhAva pramANa ane parizeSa pramANamAM A graMthakAroe svIkArelAM be navAM pramANo e bIjAoe svIkArelA be anumAnaprakAro che-svabhAvAnumAna ane zeSavat anumAna. zerabAskI nodha che ke carakanA anuyAyIo pramANasaMkhyA agIAra sudhI vadhAre che. jene tArkiko be ja pramANo svIkAre che pratyakSa ane parokSa." pramANonI saMkhyAnuM niyAmaka ahIM e prazna svAbhAvikapaNe upasthita thAya che ke pramANonI bhinna bhinna saMkhyAnA niyAmaka bhinna bhinna niyamo kayA che? bIjA zabdomAM, amuka darzana pramANonI amuka ja saMkhyA mAnavA mATe zuM kAraNa Ape che. digUnAga, dharmakIrti ane temanA anuyAyI bauddha tArkiko kahe che ke jeTalA prameyonA prakAro che teTalA ja pramANonA prakAra che. boddha mate prameyo be ja prakAranAM che - sajAtIyavijAtIya vyAvRtta vizeSa (svalakSaNa) ane atavyAvRttirUpa sAmAnya (sAmAnyalakSaNa). svalakSaNagrAhI pratyakSa che jyAre sAmAnyalakSaNagrAhI anumAna che. mImAMsako prameyaprakArabheda uparAMta kAraNasAmagrIprakArabhedane paNa pramANasaMkhyAnuM niyAmaka kAraNa gaNe che. naiyAyiko premayaprakArabheda ane kAraNasAmagrIprakArabheda uparAMta phaLaprakArabhedane paNa pramANaprakArabhedanuM kAraNa mAne che. " jena tArkiko jaNAve che ke pramAjJAnaprakArabheda (arthAtu phaLaprakArabheda) ja pramANaprakArabhedanuM niyAmaka kAraNa che. pramAjJAnane be svabhAvomAMthI koI eka svabhAva hoya che vezadyasvabhAva yA avezadyasvabhAva. tethI pramAzAnanA sAdhakatama kAraNarUpa pramANo paNa be ja che-pratyakSa ane parokSa. pratyakSapramarUpa jJAna vizada che ane tenuM janaka pramANa pratyakSapramANa che, jyAre parokSapramarUpa jJAna avizada che ane tenuM janaka pramANa parokSapramANa che." pramANAntarbhAva jeo bIjAoe svIkArelAM pramANa karatAM ochA pramANo svIkAre che teone be praznono javAba Apavo paDe che-(1) zuM teoe na svIkArelAM pramANo. pramANa ja nathI? (2) jo teo pramANa hovA chatAM svataMtra pramANo na hoya to temano antarbhAva teo svIkRta kyA pramANamAM kare che? cArvAkone mate pratyakSa eka ja pramANa che, bIjAoe svIkArelAM anya pramANo pramANo ja nathI. bauddho zabdapramANano samAveza anumAna pramANamAM kare che. upamAnane teo smRtirUpa ja mAne che ane smRti temane mate apramANa hoI upamAnane teo pramANa ja mAnatA nathI. uparAMta, arthapattine ane

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: bhAratIya tasavajJAna anupalabdhine paNa teo anumAnarUpa ja gaNe che. vaizeSiko paNa be ja svataMtra pramANa mAne che-pratyakSa ane anumAna. teo upamAna, arthApati, zabda ane anupalabdhine anumAnanA ja bheda gaNe che. sAMkhya yoga ciMtako traNa ja pramANo mAne che pratyakSa, anumAna ane rASTa. teo upamAnano yathAsaMbhava pratyakSa ke zabda pramANamAM antarbhAva kare che, tema ja arthapattino anumAnamAM "antarbhAva kare che. anupalabdhine teo pratyakSapramANarUpa ja mAne che. taiyAyiko cAra ja pramANo svIkAre che-pratyakSa, anumAna, upamAne ane zabda. temanA mate arthapattino samAveza anumAnamAM thAya che ane anupalabdhino samAveza pratyAmAM thAya che. 21 prAbhAkara mImAMsako paNa anupalabdhine pratyakSano ja bheda gaNe che. jena tArkika anumAna ane zabdane parokSapramANanA bheda gaNe che. vaLI, teo parokSapramANanA eka bheda pratyabhijJAmAM upamAnano antarbhAva kare che << tevI ja rIte temane mane smRti"ane tarka paNa parokSapramANanA bhedo che. "anupalabdhi ane arvApatti baMnene teo anumAnamAM ja samAviSTa kare che. pramANasaMplava-pramANavyavasthA ekathI vadhu pramANo mAnanAra badhA ja dArzaniko samakSa eka prazna upasthita thAya chezuM ekanA eka viSayamAM ekathI vadhu pramANo pravRtta thaI zake? aryA pramANono eka samAna viSaya hoI zake?ke dareka pramANane potAno niyata viSaya ja hoya? eka ja viSayamAM aneka pramANonuM pravRtta thavuM te pramANasaMplava kahevAya che. eka ja viSayamAM aneka pramANonuM pravRtta na thavuM paraMtu potAnA niyata viSayamAM ja te te pramANanuM pravRtta thavuM tene pramANavyavasthA (pramANaviplava) kahevAmAM Ave che. bauddha tArkiko kSaNikavAdI hoI ane tethI sthAyI dravyane asat gaNatA hoI, temanA manamAM be pratyakSonuM paNa eka viSayamAM pravRtta thavuM saMbhavatuM nathI. eka ja viSayane grahaNa karanAra pratyakSonI dhArArUpa dhArAvAhI pratyakSa paNa temanA matamAM asaMbhava che. Ama hoI, be taddana bhinna pramANonA-pratyakSa ane anumAnanA-eka ja viSayamAM pravRtta thavAno prazna ja upasthita thato nathI. vaLI, teono. siddhAnta che ke pratyakSa ane anumAnane potAnA vyApAranA khAsa bhinna kSetro che kAraNa ke pratyakSa kevaLa vizeSane (svalakSaNane) ja grahaNa kare che jyAre anumAna kevaLa sAmAnyane ja grahaNa kare che. ane trIjA prakArano koI viSaya saMbhavato nathI ke je pratyakSa ane anumAna baMneno viSaya banI zake. tethI jenuM grahaNa pratyakSe hoya tenuM grahaNa anumAna karI zakatuM nathI ke jenuM grahaNa anumAne karyuM hoya tenuM grahaNa pratyakSa karI zakatuM nathI. niSkarSa e ke bauddha matamAM eka ja viSayamAM bhinna bhinna pramANonuM pravRtta thavuM asaMbhava che. " AnI sAme jeokSaNikavAdanuM khaMDana kare che ane sthAyIdravyano svIkAra kare che teo badhA eka ja viSayanuM jJAna karavAmAM aneka pramANonI pravRttino svIkAra kare che. niyAyiko pramANasaMplava ane pramANaviplava baMnene svIkAre che. temanA mate keTalAka viSayo evA che

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jJAnaviSayaka samasyAo jemanAmAM badhAM ja pramANo pravRtta thaI zake che, jyAre keTalAka viSayo evA che jemanAmAM eka eka niyata pramANa ja pravRtta thaI zake che. prathama prakAranA viSayonAM udAharaNo AtmA ane agni che. tyAM agni che' evA vizvAsu vyaktinA vacana (zabdapramANa) dvArA agninuM jJAna thAya che, dhUma joI anumAna dvArA paNa agninuM ghana thAya che ane tyAM jaI AMkhathI dekhIne (cAkSuSa pratyakSa dvArA paNa agninuM jJAna thAya che. bIjA prakAranA viSayonA udAharaNo svarga, vIjaLInA-kaDAkAno-hetu, svahasta, vagere che. svarganuM jJAna zabdapramANathI ja thAya che. vIjaLIno kaDAko sAMbhaLatAM tenA hetunuM jJAna anumAnathI ja thAya che; jyAre vIjaLInA kaDAkAno avAja kAne pahoMce che tyAre vIjaLI hotI nathI. svahasta pratyakSano ja viSaya che. udyotakara paNa A siddhAntanuM samarthana kare che. te kahe che ke kevaLa AMkhaja rUpane jANe che, kvaLa kAna ja zabda sAMbhaLe che, vagere vagere tema chatAM badhIja Indriyo sattA sAmAnya ane guNatvasAmAnyane jANe che. vaLI, te jaNAve che ke kevaLacakSurUpane ja grahaNa kare che ane kevaLa cAmaDI sparzane ja grahaNa kare che tema chatAM baMne pRthvI Adi sthULa dravyone grahaNa kare che. 5 ahIM koI zaMkA uThAve che ke eka ja viSayane eka karatAM vadhu pramANo grahaNa karI zake che ema mAnIe to eka karatAM vadhu pramANo mAnavAM ja vyartha che, eka pramANe grahaNa karelA viSayane ja bIjuM pramANa grahaNa karatuM hoya to te bIjA pramANano upayoga zo? AnA uttaramAM udyotakara jaNAve che ke jyAre eka pramANe grahaNa karelA viSayane bIjuM pramANa grahaNa kare che tyAre te te ja viSayane grahaNa karatuM hovA chatAM te tenuM viziSTa rIte grahaNa kare che. pratyakSa je viSayane indriyasambaddha jANe che te ja viSayane anumAna IndriyAsambaddha jANe che. vadhumAM te jaNAve che ke naiyAyiko kevaLa saMplava mAnatA nathI arthAt badhAM ja pramANo badhA ja viSayomAM pravRtta thaI zake che evuM svIkAratA nathI. temane mate keTalAka viSayo evA che je amuka ja pramANathI gRhIta thaI zake che, bIjA pramANathI nahi "tethI ekathI vadhu pramANo mAnavAM jarUrI che. mImAMsako pramANane agRhItagrAhI mAne che. tethI teo pramANasaMplava mAnatA nathI. jo ke temaNe eka ja dharmImAM ekathI vadhu pramANonI pravRtti mAnI che tema chatAM temaNe pramANasaMva mAnyo nathI, tenuM kAraNa che dharmanI viSaya tarIke mukhyatA. jaino pramANasaMplava ane pramANaviplava baMneno svIkAra kare che. jenA mate vastu dravyaparyAyAtmaka che. dravya dhruva che, sthira che, tenA paryAyo, AkAro, parivartano pratikSaNa badalAyA kare che. ane dravya tathA AkAra vacce bheThAbhekano saMbaMdha che. jeno paryAyadaSTie kSaNiktAda svIkAre che. A daSTie koI paNa pramANa gRhItagrAhI nathI. Ama paryAyadaSTie pramANaviplava svataH siddha che. paraMtu jeno ekAntavAdI nathI, teo paryAyadaSTinI jema ja dravyadRSTine paNa sarakhuM mahattva Ape che. tethI teo pramANasaMplavano paNa svIkAra kare che. dravyadaSTie vastuo sthAyI che. tethI eka ja vastumAM aneka pramANonI pravRtti saMbhave che.

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148 anya keTalIka mahattvanI samasyAo indriyajanya jJAnamAM indriyArthasannikarSayI zarU thaI nizcayAtmaka jJAna sudhInI bhUmikAo Ave che. temAM mukhyatve jJAnanI be bhUmikAo che. prathama bhUmikA e che ke jemAM pUrvAparAnusaMdhAna, smRti, vicAra( vikalpa, thought)no sparza paNa nathI. eTaluM ja nahi, tenAmAM zabdasaMsarganI yogyatA paNa nathI. Ane nirvikalpaka jJAna kahevAmAM Ave che. bIjI bhUmikA e che ke jemAM pUrvAparAnusaMdhAna, smRti ane vicArano praveza che. tethI te rAkhtasaMsRSTa che yA zabdasaMsarganI yogyatA dharAve che. Ane savikalpaka jJAna kahevAmAM Ave che. bauddha tArkiko nirvikalpaka jJAnane ja pratyakSapramA tarIke svIkAre che, savikalpaka jJAnane pratyakSapramA tarIke svIkAratA ja nathI. ethI UlaTuM jaina tArkiko savika jJAnane ja pratyakSapramA tarIke svIkAre che, nirvikalpaka jJAnane pratyakSapramA tarIke svIkAratA nathI. bAkInA nyAyaveroSika vagere darzanonI chevaTe sthira thayelI mAnyatA anusAra nirvikalpaka ane savikalpaka baMne jJAno pratyakSapramA che. A traNa vargoe potAnA matanA samarthanamAM ane anya pakSonA khaMDanamAM karelI dalIlo rasaprada che. vaLI, nirvikalpaka jJAnanI bAbatamAM prAmANya-aprAmANyano prazna UThI zake kharo ? bIjA zabdomAM, nirvikalpaka jJAnamAM bhrAnti saMbhave ? A praznanI carcA paNa bhAratIya dArzanikoe karI che. ahIM e noMdhavuM rasaprada dharo ke kevaLa nirvikalpaka jJAnane ja pratyakSapramA tarIke svIkAranAra digrAge pote Apela pratyakSalakSaNamAM 'abhrAnta'padane sthAna ApyuM na hatuM, paraMtu uttarakALe bauddha tArkika dharmakIrtie tene pratyakSalakSaNamAM dAkhala karyuM ane pratyakSabhrAntionAM dRSTAnto paNa ApyAM. bhAratIya tArkikoe anumAnavicAraNAmAM vyAsigrahaNanI samasyAno vistArathI vicAra karyo che. keTalAMka sthAne ane keTalAka kALe amuka vastunuM amuka vastu sAthenuM sAhacarya joI sarva sthaLe ane sarva kALe te vastunuM te vastu sAthe niyata sAhacarya cheevuM jJAna ApaNane kevI rIte thAya che ? vyAsigrahaNanI samasyA e ja AgamanaPage #13
jJAnaviSayaka samasyAo 149 vAkyabAhya padano koI artha nathI. eTale evA pada ane tenA artha vacce abhidhAtuabhidheyasaMbaMdha nathI. kumArikanA mate pada ane tenA artha vacce abhidhAtu-abhidheya saMdhya cha, nyAre pAyAta pona mono manyaya (cornbining) 72vAyI vayArtha prApta thAya che. A che abhihitAvayavAda. naiyAyika anusAra vAkyagata pado prathama abhidhAtrIzakti dvArA potAnA arthonuM jJAna karAve che ane pachI pado ja tAtparyazakti dvArA vAkyarthanuM jJAna karAve che. vaLI, Asavacanane zabdapramANa gaNavAmAM AvatuM hoI Ata kone gaNavA e praznanI paNa carcA badhA bhAratIya tArkikoe karI che. bauddho ane vizeSiko zabdapramANane anumAnathI svataMtra pramANa gaNatA kema nathI tenI vistRta rasaprada carcA temaNe karI che. temanI viruddha bIjA dArzanikoe tene svataMtra pramANa tarIke sthApavA samayasImo mApa.cha.02 TippaNa * 'prbhaa|sh pramA bhane abha7295 ( = prabhAnu sApakatama 295) ne arthamA prayojAya che. ahIM te pramAnA arthamAM ja prayojAyo che. 1. aduSTaM vidyA / vaizeSikasUtra 9.2.12 2. upalabdhisAdhanAni pramANAni / nyAyabhASya 1.3 3. tathAhi pramANamarthavaditi nityayoge matup / nityatA ca avybhicaaritaa| tena avyabhicArI tyarthaH / iyameva cArthAvyabhicAritA dezakAlAntarAvasthAntarAvisaMvAdo'rthasvarUpa prakArayostadupadarzitayoH / nyAyavArtikatAtparyaTIkA (kAzI saMskRta sirijha) pR. 5 4. upalabdhimAtrasyArthAvyabhicAriNaH...pramANazabdenAbhidhAnAt / nyAyavArtikatAtparyaTIkA pR0 21 5. pramANato'rthapratipattau pravRttisAmarthyAd arthavat pramANam / nyAyabhASya pR0 1 5. anubhUtizca naH pramANam / 7. sarvasyAnupalabdhe'rthe prAmANyam...| zlokavArtika (madrAsa yuni. saMskaraNa) pR0 185 ___ anadhigatArthAdhigantR pramANamiti bhATTamImAMsakAH prAhuH / siddhAntacandrodaya pR0 20 8. na ca sarvAtmanA vaiphalyaM, heye ahikaNTakavRkamakaraMviSadharAdau viSaye punaH punarupalabhyamAne manassantApAt satvaraM tadapahAnAya pravRttiH, upAdeye'pi candanaghanasArahAramahilAdau paridRzyamAne prItyatizayaH svasaMvedya eva bhavati / nyAyamaJjarI (kAzI saMskRta sirijha) bhAga 1 pR020 9. yadapi pramANavizeSamanadhigatArthagrAhitvamabhidhIyate paraiH tadapi na sAmpratam, pramANasya gRhItataditaraviSayapravRttasya prAmANye vizeSAbhAvAt / nyAyamaJjarI bhAga 1 pR0 20 10. etacca vizeSaNatrayamupAdadAnena sUtrakAreNa kAraNadoSabAdhakajJAnarahitamagRhItagrAhi jJAnaM pramANamiti pramANalakSaNaM sUcitam / zAstradIpikA (nirNayasAgara), pR0 45

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150 bhAratIya tattvajJAna 11. pramANamavisaMvAdi jJAnamarthakriyAsthitiH / avisaMvAdanam... // pramANavArtika 1.3 1. 2. kintu kSaNApekSayA na pramANalakSaNamucyate api tu santAnApekSayA / nyAyabinduTippaNI, pR0 11 1.3. prAmANyaM vyavahAreNa... / pramANavArtika 1.7 sAMvyavahArikasyedaM pramANasya lakSaNam / manorathavRtti 1.7 14. ajJAtArthaprakAzo vA... / pramANavArtika 1.7 15. prAptaM sAmAnyavijJAnaM (pramANamiti zeSaH) / pramANavArtika 1.8 / sAntargata manorathavRtti che. 16. ...avijJAte svalakSaNe / yajjJAnamityabhiprAyAt / / pramANavArtika 1.8 17. svalakSaNavicArataH... // pramANavArtika 1.8 arthakriyArthibhiH svalakSaNameva pramANena anviSyate tasyaiva arthakriyAsAdhanatvAt / manorathavRtti 1.8 18. pramANaM svaparAbhAsi jJAnam... / nyAyAvatAra 1 16. tadubhayAtmArthajJAnaM pramANam / akalaGkagranthatraya (=akatraya), siMghI jaina sirijha, kramAMka 12, pR0 17 20. avisaMvAdakaM pramANam... / akatraya pR0 4 21. pramANAntarAbAdhanaM pUrvAparAvirodhazca avisaMvAdaH / akatraya pR0 14 22. timirAApaplavajJAnaM candrAdAvavisaMvAdakaM pramANaM tathA tatsaGkhyAdau visaMvAdakatvAda pramANam... / akatraya pR08 23. vyavasAyAtmakaM jJAnamAtmArthagrAhakaM matam / grahaNaM nirNayastena mukhyaM prAmANyamaznute // akatraya pR0 20 24. avisaMvAdakatvaM ca nirNayAyattam / akatraya pR0 20 tato vyavasAya evAvisaMvAdaniyamo'dhigamazca nizcetavyaH tatraiva tadbhAvAt tadvazAdeva tatpratiSThAnAt / siddhivinizcayavRtti pR0 114 25. pramANamavisaMvAdi jJAnamanadhigatArthAdhigamalakSaNatvAt / aSTazatI (nirNayasAgara) pR0 175 26. anadhigatArthAdhigantR vijJAnaM pramANamityapi kevalamanirNItArthanirNItirabhidhIyate... / siddhivinizcayavRtti pR0 13 27. siddhivinizcayavRtti, pR0 175 .. 28. humo cy9|| 22 yenAkAreNa tattvaparicchedastadapekSayA prAmANyamiti / tena pratyakSatadAbhAsayorapi prAyazaH saGkIrNaprAmANye tarasthitirune tavyA, prasiddhAnupahatendriyadRSTerapi candrArkAdiSu

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, pR0 115 jJAnaviSayaka samasyAo 151 dezapratyAsattyAdyabhUtAkArAvabhAsanAt, tathopahatAkSAderapi saGkhyAdivisaMvAde'pi candrAdisvabhAvatattvopalambhAt / tatprakarSApekSayA vyapadezavyavasthA gandhadravyAdivat / aSTazatI pR0 276 / 28. anekAnto'pyanekAntaH... | svayaMbhUstotra 103 30. taccAsaMdigdhAviparItAnadhigataviSayA cittavRttiH / sAMkhyatattvakaumudI 4 31. upalabdhisAdhanAni pramANAni / nyAyabhASya 1.1.3 / "arthopalabdhihetuH pramANam" iti naiyAyikAH / prAmANamImAMsAsvopajJavRtti 1.8 32. ...bodhAbodhasvabhAvA sAmagrI pramANam / nyAyamaJjarI bhAga 1 pR0 21 33. yat tu kimapekSaM sAmagrayAH karaNatvamiti tadantargatakArakApekSamiti brUmaH / nyAyamaJjarI bhAga1 pR0 13 34. nyAyamaMjarI (gAjI) 50 115 35. yadvendriyaM pramANaM syAt tasya vArthena snggtiH| manaso vendriyairyoga AtmanA sarva eva vA / / zlokavArtika / 39. yadA sannikarSastadA jJAnaM pramitiH, yadA jJAnaM tadA hAnopAdAnopekSAbuddhayaH phalam / nyAyabhASya 1.1.3 37. ...dhiiprmaanntaa| pravRttestatpradhAnatvAt heyopAdeyavastuni // pramAvArtika 1.5 kasmAt punardhiyaH pramANateSyate, nendriyAdeH ? heyopAdeyavastuviSayAyAH pravRttestatpradhAnatvAt dhiya eva prAmANyam / na hIndriyamastItyeva pravRttiH / kiM tarhi ? jJAnasadbhAvAt / sAdhakatamaM ca pramANam, tasyAvyavahitavyApAratvAt / manorathavRtti 1.5 jJAnaM pramANaM nAjJAnamindriyArthasannikarSAdi / manorathavRtti 1.3 arthasArUpyamasya pramANam / tadbazAdarthapratItisiddheriti ! nyAyabindu 1.20-21 36. ekasya vastunaH kiJcidrUpaMpramANaM kiJcit pramANaphalaM na virudhyte| vyavasthApanaheturhi sArUpyaM tasya jJAnasya / vyavasthApyaM ca nIlasaMvedanarUpam / nyAyabindu-dharmottaraTIkA 1.21 40. iti sA yogyatA mAnam...phalaM svavit / pramANavArtika 2.366 satrikarSAderajJAnasya pramANyamanupapannam ... | akatraya, pR0 1 / hitAhitAptinirmukti kSamam... / akatraya, pR0 29 / 42. tadA hi karaNasya kriyAyAzca kathaJcit ekatvaM pradIpatamovigamavat, nAnAtvaM parazvAdivat / aSTazatI, pR0 284 43. pUrvapUrvapramANatvaM phalaM syAduttarottaram / akatraya, pR03 44. kartRsthA pramANam / pramANamImAMsA 1.1.36 - kartRvyApAramullikhan bodhaH pramANam / svopajJavRtti 1.1.36 45. karmonmukho jJAnavyApAraH phalam / pramANamImAMsAsvopajJavRtti 1.1.35

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bhAratIya tatvajJAna 46. ekajJAnagatatvena pramANaphalayorabhedo, vyavasthApyavyavasthApakabhAvAttu bheda iti bhedAbhedarUpaH... / pramANamImAMsAsvopajJavRtti 1.1.37 47. sarvacittacaittAnAmAtmavedana svavedanam / nyAyabindu 1.11 48. sarvavijJAnahetUtthA mitau mAtari ca prmaa|| , sAkSAtkartRtvasAmAnyAt pratyakSatvena smmtaa||prkrnnpshcikaa (caukhambA saM. si.) pR056 46. zAstradIpikA (kAzI vi0 saM0 1964), pR0 202 50. tasmAt jJAnAntarasaMvedyaM saMvedanaM vedyatvAt ghaTAdivat / vyomavatI (caukhambA saM. si.) pR0 529 manogrAhyaM sukhaM duHkhamicchA dveSo matiH kRtiH| kArikAvalI, 57 51. kathaM punarviSayagrahaNakAle tatpratibhAsasyApratibhAsa: ? naiva yugapadAkAradvitayaM pratibhAsate, idaM jJAnamayaM cArthaH iti bhedAnupagrahAt / ekazcAyamAkAraH pratibhAsyamAnaH grAhyasyaiva bhavitumarhati na grAhakasyeti... | [apratyakSopalambhasyaivArthadRSTiH prasiddhayati pratyakSopalambhasya tu nArthadRSTiH / nyAyamaJjarI, bhAga 1, pR0 29 52. akatraya, pR0 32; pramANavArtika 2.437-441 ... 53. akatraya, pR0 32 54. vRttisArUpyamitaratra / yogasUtra 1.4 / ...sA ca vRttirarthoparaktA pratibimbarUpeNa puruSArUDhA bhAsate... / yogavArtika 1.4 55. sadA jJAtAzcittavRttayastatprabhoH puruSasya... / yogasUtra 4.18 56. draSTadRzyoparaktaM cittaM sarvArtham / yogasUtra 4.23 57. pramANamImAMsA, saM. paM0 sukhalAlajI, bhASATippaNa pR0 131 58. svataH sarvapramANAnAM prAmANyamiti gRhyatAm / zlokavArtika pR0 48 56. doSatazcApramANatve svataHprAmANyavAdinAm / zlokavArtika pR0 49 50. 'pramANato'rthapratipattau pravRttisAmarthyAdarthavat pramANam' iti tasmAdaprAmANyamapi parokSamityato dvayamapi parata ityeSa eva pakSaH zreyAn / nyAyamaJjarI bhAga 1 pR0 160 11. pramANatvApramANatve svataH sAGkhyAH samAzritAH / sarvadarzanasaGgraha 279 12. ...svarUpasya svato gatiH / prAmANyaM vyavahAreNa... || pramANavArtika 1.6-7 3. yadi svarUpamAtraM svato gamyate na prAmANyaM kathaM tarhi tadavagamyamiti Aha-'prAmANyaM vyavahAreNa' arthakriyAjJAnena / yasya sAdhanajJAnasya tAdAtmyAt anubhUte'pi prAmANye sAzaGkA vyavahAro'nabhyAsavazAt anutpannAnurUpanizcayAstatra arthakriyAjJAnena prAmANyanizcayaH, anyatra tu vibhramazaGkAsaGkocAt utpattAveva svarUpasya prAmANyasya svato gatirityuktam / manorathavRtti 1.7 14. tattvasaGgaha kA0 3123 (paJjikA sahita) 5. Buddhist Logic, Vol. I, p.66

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153. jJAnaviSayaka samasyAo $$. The Nyaya Theory of Knowledge, 1950, p. 91. 17. pramANatvApramANatve svataH sAGkhyAH samAzritAH / naiyAyikAste parataH saugatAzcaramaM svtH| sarvadarzanasaGgraha pR0 279 18. akatraya, pR014 66. tadubhayam...jJaptau tu svataH paratazceti / pramANanayatatvAloka, 1.21 70. pratyakSamekaM cArvAkAH kaNAdasugatau punH| anumAnaM ca taM cApi sAGkhyAH zabdaM ca te ubhe // nyAyaikadezino'pyevamupamAnaM ca kevalam / arthApattyA sahaitAni catvAryAhuHprAbhAkarAH / / abhAvaSaSThAnyetAni bhATTA vedaantinstthaa| saMbhavaitihyayuktAni iti paurANikA jaguH // vedAntakArikA 71. bholAratIya tatvavidhA (paM. suma ), pR. 26 72. Buddhist Logic, Vol I, p. 72 73. pramANaM dvidhA / pratyakSa parokSaM ca / pramANamImAMsA 1.9-10 74. mAnaM dvividhaM viSayadvaividhyAt / pramANavArtika 2.1 75. tasmAdananumAnatvaM zabde pratyakSavat bhvet| trairUpyarahitatvena tAdRgviSayavarjanAt / / zlokavArtika, pR0 370 71. athavA satyapi viSayadvaividhye sAmagrIbhedAt phalabhedAcca pramANabhedo bhavan kathamapA- . kriyate / nyAyamaJjarI, bhAga 1, pR0 30 77. yadekalakSaNalakSitaM tad vyaktibhede'pi ekameva yathA vaizabaikalakSaNalakSitaM cakSurAdipratyakSam, avaizadyalakSaNalakSitaM zabdAdi iti / cakSurAdisAmagrIbhede'pi hi tajjJAnAnAM vaizabaikalakSaNalakSitatvenaivAbhedaH prasiddhaH pratyakSarUpatA'natikramAt, tadvat zabdAdisAmagrIbhede'pi avaizabaikalakSaNalakSitatvena eva abhedaH zabdAdInAM parokSarUpatvAvizeSAt / prameyakamalamArtaNDa, pR0 192 78. tattvasaGgraha, 1648-1649 78. arthApattiriyaM tasmAdanumAnAnna bhidyate / tattvasaGgraha, 1647 80. tattvasaGgraha, 1648-1649 81. padArthadharmasaGgraha pR0 512-556 (kandalIsahita) 82-84. sAGkhyatattvakaumudI, kArikA 5 85. nyAyamajharI, bhAga 1, pR036 81. abhAvapratyakSasyAnubhavikatvAdanupalambho'pi na pramANAntaram / nyAyasiddhAntamuktAvalI, kArikA 144 87, prakaraNapaJcikA (caukhambA saM. si. No 17) 118-124 The Six Ways of Knowing (D. M. Dutt), p. 164

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154 bhAratIya tatvajJAna88. akatraya, pR07-8 89. nyAyavinizcaya, bhAga 2, saM. mahendrakumAra jaina, prakAzaka bhAratIya jJAnapITha kAzI, prastAvanA pR011-12 80. mezana, prastAvanA 50 13 91. ejana, prastAvanA mR18-19 82. arthApattiH, anumAnameva, pramANAntarAvagatasAdhyasambandhAd hetorupajAyamAnatvAt... / nyAyakumudacandra bhAga 2, mANikacandra di0 jaina granthamAlA, pR0 513 83. vijAnAti na vijJAnamekamarthadvayaM ythaa| ekamarthaM vijAnAti na vijJAnadvayaM tathA / / sarvArthasiddhi mAM uddhRta 1.12 84. kiM puna: pramANAni prameyamabhisamplavante atha pramayaM vyavatiSThante iti ? ubhayathA darzanam - ...agnirAptopadezAtpratIyate 'atrA'miH' iti, pratyAsIdatA dhUmadarzanenAnumIyate, pratyAsannena ca pratyakSata upalabhyate / vyavasthA punaH-'agnihotraM juhuyAt svargakAmaH' iti laukikasya na liGgadarzanaM na pratyakSam / stanayitnuzabde zrUyamANe zabdahetoranumAnam, tatra na pratyakSaM naagmH| pANau pratyakSata upalabhyamAne nAnumAnaM nAgama iti / nyAyabhASya, 1.1.3 85. indriyaM khalu arthaprakAzakatvAt pramANaM tasya vyavasthA saGkarazca, vyavasthA gandhAdiSu, saGkaraH pRthivyAdiSu dvIndriyagrAhyatvAt / sattAyAM guNatve ca sArvendriyaM jJAnamiti / / nyAyavArtika, pR05 81. syAnmataM yadi saGkIryeran pramANAni nanvekena pramANenAdhigate'rthe dvitIyaM pramANaM vyarthamA padyate / adhigataM cArthamadhigamayatA pramANena piSTaM piSTaM syAt / nyAyavArtika, pR02 67. na, anyathAdhigateH / na brUmo yathA pratyakSeNa artho'dhigamyate tathA'numAnAdibhirapi iti / anyathA / pratyakSeNendriyasamabaddhaH, indriyAsambaddho'numAnena / nyAyavArtika, pR05 88. viSayAntare vyavasthAdarzanAcca / nyAyavArtika, pR05 66. nyAyAvatAravArtikavRtti, saM. dalasukha mAlavaNiyA, TippaNa pR0 215 100. Akalarika's Criticism of Dharmakirti's Philosophy, Nagin I. Shah, 1967, pp. 200-247. nyAya-vaizeSi, nagIna.zA, 1874, 5.412-483 101. Akalaika's Criticism of Dharmakirti's Philosophy, pp. 255-266. nyAya-vaizeSika, najI-0. 6, pR0 5.10-514 102. A Study of Jayanta Bhatta's Nyayamarijari, a Mature Sanskrit Work on Indian Logic. Nagin J. Shah, Pt. II pp. 102109, 145-164, Pt. III. 34-65,74--89. Akalarka's Criticism of Dharmakirti's Philosophy, pp. 284-299.