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48
THE SYSTEMS OF INDIAN PHILOSOPHY
Let us now see how the Yoga philosophy explains what the object or the substratum of those properties is. The doctrine Ex nihilo nihil fit' is carried out to its full extent by this school and therefore it is held that anything can never manifest itself in any other thing unless it previously existed there. This manifestation has reference only to the properties of things and it cannot be said what will come out of what. In fact every thing is producible for everything, for everything potentially exists in the root of all, the Prakriti. All this however takes place in relation to the form in which a thing manifests itself, and this form is none other than the unique combination of the three original properties. The properties can never exist but in relation to some substratum which in its turn can never become cognizable but through the properties. The properties which have once manifested themselves and passed into oblivion are called tranquil, for they have played their part and are still there to become actively manifest some other day.43 Those that are seen at any moment are callea active, whereas those not yet manifest are consigned to the realm of possibility or the indescribable. In other words these possible manifestations are as yet latent. Thus the object or the substratum of properties is that which is correlated to the properties in one or the other of the three states.44 In the opinion of the yoga philosophers therefore whatever form anything manifests itself as the phenomena is nothing more than a mere succession of properties in one or other of the three conditions and the universe with all its phenomena is nothing
43. This statement seems inaccurate; for according to the Sankhya philosopher the properties which have played their part are still there no doubt but they do not become actively manifest some other day.
44. YS 3.14
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