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54: śramaņa, Vol 63, No. 3, July-Sep. 2012 Wish Fulfillment in Dreams The Freud's account of repressed desires as a cause of dream is also not completely accepted in Jainism. Freud experimented on the people who were having some kind of pathological or mental disorder and also in some cases normal dreamers. But still his reading was not limited to certain time and certain experimented people. So the facts of the far past and far future were not included in his studies. So what all he found in his system studies, he reached to the conclusion that dreams are the outcome of repressed desires and its functions is wish fulfillment. Jainism believes in wish fulfillment theory as we find in the case of Styānardhi-nidrā,28 but there are no illustrations, which admits the direct wish fulfillment in dreams. Moreover, Freud's latent content is collected from only the past experiences but Jainism speaks about dream symbolism much in context of future predications. So the scope of income of latent content in much widened sphere. As we see in the types of dreams in Jainism only first four types are related to the past of the person. All others are from many other sources. Hence, so along with repressed desires there can be many other sources of dreams.
Innocence and Dreams
Freud said that the children posses very innocent mind thus they reflect in their dreams the object in undistorted form because they do not know how to repress their desires. Whatever he likes, he demands unaware of social limitations. If the desired object is not made available to him it would reflect in his dreams. He enjoys and fulfills his desires through his dreams. Here, the necessary condition for the appearance of direct dreaming is innocence. Even in Jainism, very parallel fact is found where Lord Mahāvīra says to his disciple that the monk or a person who is very pure in his conduct, a very restraint and humble person, (which means who is innocent like a child) sees the direct dreams which comes true in as it is form i.e. he visualizes true dreams. In Freud's expression of true dreams is confined to children's dream but the main cause is 'innocence'. Depending on this quality he confined true dreams only in case of
