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SOME JAINA CANONICAL SUTRAS
thoughts on acts which cause inisery to living beings and from thoughts on acts which cause their destruction. In standing, sitting, lying down, jumping, going and in the use of his organs, a zealous monk should prevent his mind from intimating evil desires, etc. These are the samitis for the practice of the religious life and guptis for the prevention of everything sinful.
The correct behaviour of monks consists of teu parts: āvusyikā is required when a monk leaves a room; naisedhiki on entering a place; āpricchanā or asking the superior's permission for what he is to do himself; prutipricchana, for what somebody else is to do; chandanā or placing at the disposal of other monks the things one has got; icchākāra in the execution of one's intention by oneself or somebody else; mithuākāra in blaming oneself for sins committed; lathākāra, in assenting to make a promise; abhyutthāna, in serving those who deserve respect and upasumpad, in placing oneself under another teacher.1
After sunrise during the first quarter of the first pourūshi (the fourth part of a day or a night) a monk should inspect and clean his things and pay his respects to the superior. He should ask him with joined hands, 'What shall I do now? If he is ordered to do some work he should do it without tiring. A clever monk should divide a day into four equal parts, and fulfil his duties in all the four parts. In the first paurūshi he should study, in the second he should meditate, in the third he should go on his begging-tour, and in the fourth he should study again. The paurūshi increases or decreases a digit (equal to five minutes) every week, two digits every fortnight, and four digits every month. A clever monk should divide the night into four parts and fulfil his duties in all the four parts. In the first paurūshi he should study, in the second he should meditate, in the third he should sleep, and in the fourth he should study again. When a small part of the quarter is left in which the leading star stands, during that space of time, being considered intermediate days, a monk should watch. In the first quarter of the first paurūshi he should inspect his things, pay his respect to his superior, then begin to study, not allowing himself to be affected by any pain). In the last quarter of the first paurūshi after paying his respect to
he guru, a monk should inspect his alms-bowl without performing the expiation of sins concerning time. He should first inspect his mouth-cloth, then his broom, and taking the
Uttarādhyayana, XXVI, 2–7.
