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PRINCIPLES OF JAINISSE
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nothing but direct or indirect evidence for testing the knowledge of self and the non-self. Naya is nothing but a standpoint which gives partial knowledge of a thing in some of its aspects.
Right knowledge is of five kinds: (1) knowledge through senses-knowledge of the self and the non-self through the agency of the senses of mind; (2) knowledge derived from the study of the scriptures; (3) direct knowledge of matter in various degrees with reference to subject-matter, space, time and quality of the object known; (4) direct knowledge of others' thoughts, simple or complex; and (5) perfect knowledge. Knowledge (antarüya),2 belief, charity, gain, enjoy. ment, re-enjoyment, power, faith and conduct are the nine kinds of energies (tirya).
Passions (kaşayas) 3 are four in number: anger, pride, deceit and greed.
Sense faculties are of two kinds: (1) Lubdhi: It is the attainment of the manifestation of the sense faculty by the partial destruction. (2) Upayoga: The conscious attention of the soul directed to that sense.
The bodies are of five kinds: (1) audūriku (gross), (2) raikriyaka (fluid), (3) ūhāraka (assimilative), (4) tuijosu (valoric), and (5) kurmanu (karmie).
The special attributes of jīva-soul are the following: Knowledge (jñāna), belief (darśana), bliss (sukha), energy (rirya), right belief (sumiyak darśanu), right conduct (sumyah: căritro), etc. Samyukirakrijā (right-clirected action is that which strengthenis right belief; mithyürtcukriyā (wrong. directed action is that which strengthens wrong belief; prayoga-kriyū is bodily movement; samādūna-kriya is the tendency to neglect rows; iryāpathakriyū 4 (actions relating to behaviour) is walking carefully by looking at the ground; tendency to aceuse others in anger; a wicked man's readiness to hurt others; weapons of hurtfulness, the thing which cause mental pain to oneself or others; depriving another of vitalities of age, sense-organs, powers and respiration; infatuated desire to see a pleasing form; frivolous indulgence in touching; inventing new sense-enjoyments; answering calls of nature in a place frequented by men, women and animals; indifference in dropping things or throwing oneself down
1 The Buddhist Sangitisuttanta of the Dighunikaya (Vol. lll, p. 271) recognizes summañanu or right knowledge as one of the additional factors in the Noble Eight-fold Puth.
2 Tatthvürthādigama sūtra (Jacobi Ed.), p. 536- Jacobi's note. 3 Passions or kasdy18 are the things which tie one down to this world.
4 Cf. the Buddhist idea of the ways of deportment, Parisumhhidumuggu, JI, 225; Vinayapitaka, 1, 39; II, 146; Samyutta, V, 78, etc., etc.
