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UTTARADHYAYANA SUTRA (UTTARAJJHAYANA SUYA) 131
alms in a manner to avoid forty-two faults; (4) receiving and keeping things necessary for religious exercises, and (5) performing the operation of nature in an unfrequented place. The three guptis are the following: (1) preventing mind from sensual pleasure by engaging it in contemplation, study, etc.; (2) preventing the tongue from saying bad things by a vow of silence; and (3) putting the body in an immovable posture. The walking of a well-disciplined monk should be pure in respect to the cause, time, road and effort. Knowledge, faith and right conduct are included in the cause; the time is daytime; the road excludes bad ways; the effort is fourfold as regards substance, place, time, and condition of mind. A well-disciplined monk should work carefully. He should avoid anger, pride, deceit, greed, laughter, fear, loquacity and slander. He should use blameless and concise speech at the right time. He should avoid while begging the faults in the search, in the receiving, and in the use of three kinds of objects, namely, food, lodging, and the articles of use. There are sixteen Udgama dosas by which food becomes unfit for a Jain monk, e.g. the fault inherent in food which a layman has prepared for religious mendicants, the fault in a kind of food which a layman has prepared for a pariicular monk, the food which has been prepared for festivities, which has been reserved for a monk, when he has to open locks before he gets at the food, when a monk calls while the dinner is being cooked, and for his sake more food is put in the pot which is on the fire, etc. There are ten faults of receiving, e.g., when a monk accepts alms from a frightened layman (sankita), when the food is soiled by animate or inanimate matter (mrakṣita), when a layman mixes up pure with impure food (unmisrita), etc. A zealous monk should wipe the thing after having inspected it with his eyes, then he should take it up or put it down. Excrements, urine, saliva, mucus, and uncleanliness of the body should be disposed of in the way described. In a place neither frequented nor seen by others, which offers no obstacles to selfcontrol, which is not covered with grass or leaves, which is spacious, in such a place he should leave his excrements, etc. There are (1) truth, (2) untruth, (3) a mixture of truth and untruth, and (4) a mixture of what is not true and what is not untrue.1 A zealous monk should prevent his mind from desires for the misfortune of somebody else, from
1 Uttaradhyayana, XXIV, 20:
Sacca taheva mosā ya saccamosā taheva ya cautthi asaccamosa ya managuttiyo caubbiha ||
