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SOME JAINA CANONICAL SOTRAS
to whom it is given. The manner of giving is of nine kinds: (1) respectful reception of an ascetic; (2) seating him on an cxalted seat; (3) washing his feet; (4) worshipping him; (5) saluting him; (6-8) purity in speech, body and mind; (9 faultless way of giving food. The giver must possess seven qualities: (1) he must not wish any gain in this worked in its exchange; (2) he must give calmly without anger; (3) he must be happy at giving; (4) without deceit; (5) without any; (6) without repentance; and (7) without pride.
The person to whom the thing is given must be one of the three kinds: (1) ascetics. (2) laymen with vows, (3) laymen with right belief but not with vows.
Karunādāna is the gift of compassion to any one who is in need of it. It is of four kinds: (1) food, (2) medicine, (3) knowledge, and (4) removal of the canse of fear.
The (auses of bondage (bandha) are the following:-(1) wrong belief; (2) perverse belief; (3) clouht, scepticism; (4) veneration; (5) wrong belief caused by ignorance; and (6) inborn error.
Vibrations in the soul through mind, body and speech, are the following: true mind, false mind, mixed true and false mind, neither true por false mind.
The soul which has passion assimilates matter which is fit to form karmia. This is called bondage. It is of four kinds according to the nature of karmic matter, duration of the attachment of karmic matter to the soul, fruition, number of karmic molecules which attach to the soul.
The relinquishment of karmic matter is caused by austerities (tapasa nirjarī cu). Prevention is proper control over mind, speech and body. This is called Guptii Samitis? are the following:-proper care in walking, speaking, cating, lifting, laying and excreting.
The ten virtues are the following:—forgiveness (uttamakşama), humility (uttama mārdava), honesty (ullama ārjava), contentment (uttama sauca),3 truthfulness (uttama ---- - - --- - - ------- -- ---------- --- -
-- - - 1 Cf. Uttariidhyayama, XXX. Samitis--The fivo samitis are the ways of arresting the inflow of karma with reference to outward behaviour. In order to arrest the inflow of kurma, one must guard the words of one's mouth. Cir. cumspection must be fyrreised about all matters connected with eating. An ascetic must be careful to possess only five cloths. Equally important with the tive rules of outward behaviour 16. the rules for controlling the mind, speech and body (guplis: mamogupti, viccmagnepli and kūyagupti).
? Uttama ürja -arjaw has been understood by some as that simplicity which is opposed to cunningness
3 Urtamı sauca-Stevensou points out that there is a manifold duty of purity and cleanliness binding on all monks, for an ascetic inust keep himself freo froin all suspicion of dishonesty or thieving; he must also keep his body pure and his soul free from all dark thoughts (Heart of Jainism, p. 154).
