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SOME JAINA CANONICAL SOTRAS
The five categories relating to the reality of substance are:-Jīva, Pudgula, Dharma, Adharma and Ākāśa. The vows are the following: non-injury, truth, non-stealing, chastity, and non-attachment to worldly objects.
The six kinds of carefulness are:-Carefulness relating to walking, speech, cating, lifting, laying down, and excretion.
The four states of existence are:-Existence as inmates of hell, sub-human beings, celestial beings, and liberated beings.
The characteristic of soul is cetanā (consciousness). It is of three kinds: (1) Jñānacetanā or consciousness of pure knowledge in its full extent, (2) Karmacetanā or consciousness of experience of action, and (3) K'armaphalacetunā or experience of fruition of karmas. Ajīva or non-soul is that which is devoid of all these three kinds of consciousness.
By name (nūma), representation (sthāpanā), privation (draryu) and present condition (bhava), their aspects are known. Soul and non-soul can be considered in two aspects (niksepa): (1) negative aspect (nāmu-niksepa), and (2) positive aspect (bhāvaniksepa).
Jiva can be known in the following ways:-(1) Jīva exists (sat), (2) multiplicity of souls (sankhyā), (3) soul is found in the whole universe (ksetra), (4) soul touches the whole universe (sparsuna), (5) eternity of soul (kāla), etc.
Indriya is so called because Indra means the soul and the sense-organs are appurtenances of soul.
The soul's thought-activity is of five kinds:-(1) subsidential, i.e., that which rises from the subsidence of a karma of the deluding kind; (2) purified, i.e. that which rises from the destruction of karma, c.g. ghātiya; (3) mixed; (4)
rative i.e.. that which rises from the operation, i.e., fruition of karma; and (5) natural. Ghātiya or destructive karmas attack and affect the very nature of soul. Aghātiya karma is that which does not affect the nature of soul. Ghātiya karmas are four in number, viz. (1) knowledge-obscuring (jñānāvaranīya), (2) belief obscuring (darśanāvaranīya), (3) deluding (mohaniya), which intoxicates soul, and (4) constructive karmas.
Knowledge (antarāya),1 belief, charity, gain, enjoyment, re-enjoyment, power, faith and conduct are the nine kinds of energies (vīrya).
Passions (kaşāyas)2 are four in number: anger, pride, deceit and greed.
i Vide Jacobi's note in Taltvārthūdigama sutra, Jacobi's Ed., p. 536. 2 Passions or kaşāyas are the things which tie one down to this world.
