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INTRODUCTION.
xxix
bones of the skull (and the plates of the tortoise-case). Hence the Medini says (lânta 71), kapalo 'strî siro-'sthni syâd, ghatâdeh sakale, vrage,- kapala may be used in the sense of 'head-bone,' in that of fragment of a pot,' &c., and in the sense of collection.'
Professor Whitney takes exception to my occasionally translating åtman by 'body,'-an inaccuracy, he remarks, that might easily be avoided. I do not quite understand on what grounds he objects to this rendering. The original meaning of atman doubtless is (breath) 'self, soul;' but surely there can be no question that it also commonly means 'body, trunk,' in contradistinction to the limbs, wings, &c. Thus we read Sat. Br. IV, 1, 2, 25, 'The sacrifice is fashioned like a bird : the Upåmsu and Antaryâma are its wings, and the Upåmsusavana is its body?'
My rendering of 'videgho ha måthavah' (I, 4, 1, 10) by Mathava the (king of) Videgha,' instead of Videgha (the) Mathava,' is rightly objected to. Indeed, I had already taken occasion, in the introduction to the same volume (I, p. xli, note 4), to make that correction.
Prof. Whitney's remarks on 'yûpena yopayitva' are adverted to at p. 36, note I of the present volume; as are also those on 'ed' at p. 265, note 2. In regard to the latter point he father does me wrong by supposing that I apparently regarded the particle (or particles)'ed' (for which the Kárva text seems to read '& hi') as a verb-form from the root 'i,' to go. The fact is that I followed Prof. Weber (Ind. Stud. IX, p. 249) in taking it to be a popular expression, with a verb of motion understood, somewhat in the sense of the German 'hin ;' e.g. 'Shall we go there?'Hin denn l' i. e. 'Let us go then.' My translation of II, 4, 2, 19 is not quite approved of by
* Professor Max Müller has been kind enough to send me a number of passages from Upanishads and Aranyakas, in which åtman has the sense of 'body, trunk,' and is usually explained in the commentaries by sarira (Atmanah = sariravayavah, Bribadâr. Up. I, 1, 2, 7). The adverb adhyatmam, he remarks, always means with reference to the body;' cf. Taitt. Up. I, 7; Sat. Br. IV, 1, 3, 1, the present volume, p. 265, note 1.
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