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xiv
KAŃSAVAHO
Prākrit original ; and only a few important ones are noted by me in the foot-notes. The Chaya ought to be as literal as possible ; but, almost as a rule, the Craya of our Text substitutes the forms of the past tense, Imperfect and Perfect, when the corresponding form in the Prakrit text is that of the Present tense. It is difficult to gauge the reason of this change. In such cases and in others where a literal paraphrase was needed I have added my suggestions in the square brackets in the foot-notes without disturbing the Chayà found in both the Mss. The Chaya is presented by me in the prose form, and at the beginning of each verse I have put a few words of the Prākrit verse in square brackets. For the convenience of reference, a comma is put to indicate where the second line of the Prākrit verse stops, and the Sandhi rules are not strictly observed. In the Mss. the Sanskrit rendering is given immediately after every verse ; but in this edition it is printed continuously at the end of the Text.
3. RĀMA PĀŅIVĀDA AND HIS WORKS
The name of the author is mentioned as Rama Pāṇivāda in the various colophons of Karnsavaho. From the researches of Mahakavi ULLUR S. PARAMESWARA AIYAR, Prof. M. R. BALKRISHNA WARRIER and other scholars it is quite plain that our author is identical with the famous Keraļa poet of that name. Prof. WARRIER has already published in the Malayālam language an extensive critical biography of Rāma Pāņivāda, and he has also contributed many articles in Malayālam about this poet. He has kindly sent to me a summary of his researches, and this section about the author is based mainly on his notes.
Pāṇivādas or Nambitārs formed a caste of Malabar. It
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