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The Jaina world of Non-living
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10-11. Q. If the word 'beneficiation' is abstract case, homolocalisation does not stand as it will have a meaning that the verb "beneficiation" will refer to the medium of rest and motion while the rest and motion are observed in the living ones and mattergies. If this term has an objective case, both the terms should have a double number. 12. A. This is not correct. A generalised practice has been applied here. It is said that 'the duty of the saint is austerity and scriptural studies'. Here, the word 'duty' is used in singular number while there are two duties (This should lead the word duty to be in double number) mentioned. Still there is singular number for the word 'duty'. Similarly, the general singular number of the word 'upkāra' has not been changed despite the double number of beneficiations. 13. Alternatively, we can presume a possessive case here. This will lead to the abstract case for both the words 'beneficiation' and 'function' ( upakāra). 14. Q. If it is abstract case, the double number does not seem logical A. The double number in the word 'beneficiation' is logical as there are two realities - medium of motion and rest, and there are also two beneficiations. The double number indicates that they have respective references. Had there been the singular number, only one, i.e. either of the realities would mean to serve the cause of motion and rest of the living ones and mattergy just as the same earth serves the beneficiation of motion and rest of horses and animals etc.
However, neither of these two realities are unnecessary as every single effect is caused by many cooperative causes. Thus, it means that the reality of medium of motion is assumed to be beneficiary cause for the self-moving realities of the living beings and mattergies. Similar is the case with the reality of medium of rest. As they are useful throughout, therefore, they are all-pervasive. 15-18. Q. The words 'upagraha' and 'upakāra' have similar meanings. The word 'upagraha' is, therefore, not necessary. This will load to a shorter aphorism too. There is no possibility for the sense of subjectivity of these realities as there is the word 'upakāra' (function). It has a supportive meaning. This means that the realities of medium of
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