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The Jaina world of Non-living
8. The natural bonding is the reverse of efforted or exertional bonding which is dependent on the human efforts. The term 'Visrasā' (natural) is an indeclinable word. 9. Exertion, effort or experiment means the activity due to body, speech and mind. Exertional bond takes place due to above activities of human or conscious beings. It has two varieties : (i) bonding between non-living bodies and (ii) bonding between living and non-living substances or realities. The bonding of non-living substances is exemplified by bonding of lac or resin and wood. The bonding of livingnon-living materials is exemplified by bonding of karmas and quasikarmas with living being. The knowledge-obscuring etc. are the eight karmas detailed later (in chapter 8). On this basis, karmic bonding is eight-fold. The quasi-karmic bonding is due to gross body etc.
In general, there are five types of bondings : (i) fastening (Ālapana) (ii) painting and plastering (Ālepana) (iii) jointing (sanslesa) (iv) joining of body or body parts (šarīra) and (v) embodided bonding (livingnon-living bodies).
The fastening type of bonding is represented by tight tieing of (i) iron chain to a chariot or (ii) of a thick rope to a wooden cart so that they may be pulled properly.
The painting type of bonding takes place due to mutual laying and painting of materials like building of walls or palace by laying it with wet soil or clay, bricks etc. and plaster. This seems to be stronger bond than the earlier.
The jointing type of bonding takes place due to joining of materials through natural adhesives such as jointing of wood pieces by lac or resin.
The body bonding has five varieties: bonding between gross, protean, ejectable, luminous and karmic bodies and quasi-karmas. These bonds are further classified into fifteen varieties with respect to different bodies such as (i) gross-body-based bonds 4, (ii) protean-body-based bonds 4, (iii) ejectable body-based bonds 4(iv) luminous-body-based bonds 2 and karmic-body-based bond 1. These bondings take place due to mutual mixing of spacepoints of different bodies such as :
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