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The Jaina world of Non-living
8. The semi-aphorism 5.22.25 indicates that the apparent time exists only in human region representing two-and-a-half continents of Jaina geography where there is planetary motion. This means that in posthuman world (even in outer space of today), there is existence of apparent time, though we have to assume it for our purposes. It is also said that time is related only with non-permanent entities and not with permanent ones. Moreover, Sikdar has mentioned about a canonical postulate of time existing in occupied as well as non-occupied universe with not much details.
9.
The terms 'modifications' (Pariņāma) and 'translational vibrational activities' (Kriyā) have been described in the commentary. Vidyananda points out six types of modifications- (i) origination at birth (ii) growth (iii) decay (iv) destruction (v) transformation and (vi) existence. The vibrational activity has many types like movement, vibration, motion upwards or downwards, expansion, contraction and the like. The existence of these processes cannot be negated for the polyviewists.
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10. The concept of time as an absolute entity could sustain itself upto the early part of the century. G. R. Jain has pointed out that time is a force assisting instrumentally in passing through different modes of entities. It may also be a source of maintaining the continuity. Bergson, Hughes, Eddington and many other scientists add that time is a potent factor in the process of evolution. The recent trend has somewhat a modified concept predicting independent existence of time as such. 11. The Jaina concept about two-fold time does not seem to be in tune with the current scientific concepts. They suggest that time is a relative and variable quantity depending upon the distance and velocity of the observer and participator. It has been calculated that the two brothers of the same age will have sufficiently age difference if one lived on earth and the other travelled in space for two years at a very high speed.
12.
Though it is pointed out that time-atoms are located individually in spatial spacepoints proving its mono-dimensional character, but they are independent and inert entities. However, Einstein has postulated their interconnections - one non-existing without the other. This is a twentieth
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