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S. B. DEO
that only the portion of 'sāmāyārī' might be attributed to Bhadrabāhu, while the rest may be a later addition.
Pañcakappa is not extant now. So nothing can be said about it. The Jiyakappa which replaces it has been attributed to Jinabhadra who is said to have flourished in about the 6th century A.D. or a little prior to that. (Information kindly supplied by Dr. UPADHYE). It is thus clear that Jiyakappa cannot be equated with other texts in chronology.
Even though basically most of the information regarding monastic jurisprudence can be culled from these texts, it does not mean that these are the sole repositories of such information. For instance, the Thānangasutta also mentions various pāyachhittas and some transgressions. The Pinda, and the Oha-Nijjuttis, which are sometime grouped with the cheyasuttas, give abundant information regarding daily monastic life and the transgressions connected with the requisites of a monk, whereas the rules governing the formation of a unit of monks called the Gaccha and the working of it are incorporated in the Gacchāyāra Painnaija.
Besides these texts of the canon itself, the commentarial literature is of immense help in the study of Jaina monastic jurisprudence. For instance the cunnis and the bhāsas provide the details about the formulation of rules of monastic conduct, their working, the exceptions, and the actual process of the enactment of procedure of dealing with a transgressor, so on and so forth. In this regard the Nisīhacunni, the Brihatkalpa-bhāsya-sūtra and the Jīyakappa and its commentary prove to be invaluable. These commentaries are so indispensable that without these it is not possible to go to the core of the working of monastic jurisprudence. Besides providing information in amplification of the rules of monastic discipline, these texts give stories and incidents which throw a great deal of light on the then existing social conditions under which the Jaina monk had to live and preserve the purity of monastic standards.
This much about the śvetāmbara texts. Coming to
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