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JAINA MONASTIC JURISPRUDENCE
45 taken alternatively by smaller groups and the one left over acted as the head to supervise.
As regards the 'anavasthapya', the Chedasutras lay down that when the complete 'paryaya' or standing in monkhood was wiped out, the person concerned was given some time during which it was his duty to prove himself worthy of re-entry to the order again. Only when he succeeded in qualifying himself for monkhood, he was re-consecrated.
A little digression is necessary here to explain some terms connected with monastic jurisprudence besides the ten prayaścittas as detailed above. For instance, we have seen that 'parañciya' involved the expulsion of a monk from the order. This expulsion has to be differentiated from 'sammukkasana' and 'ņijjuhaṇa'. Whereas pārañcika' involved the expulsion of the transgressor due to some fault committed by him, 'sammukkasana' meant the compulsory abdication of a person in office who no longer enjoyed the confidence of his colleagues and followers. As against this, the 'nijjuhana' meant the deliberate omission of a particular monk from a gana or group of monks.
Having noted the ten main prayaścittas, we now pass on to another set of these so often mentioned in the Bhāṣyas and Curnis. These are found elaborated in the Jiyakappa and its bhāṣya. This text makes a statement which says that the last two of the ten prayaścittas went out of vogue during the period after Bhadrabahu, who was well-versed in the fourteen purvas. This statement is corroborated by the contents of the other Chedasutras which deal mostly with 'parihāra'. The bhāṣyas seem to introduce a set of new prayaścittas termed as caturlaghu, caturguru and some others based mainly on short or long-term fasts as punishment for transgressions.
The Jiyakappa sets forth a very complicated system of such fasts of particular nature set in a peculiar structure of different durations. The whole of the 'vyavahāra' is divided into three categories as 'guru' or the excellent mode, the 'bahu' or the medium mode and the 'lahusa' or
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