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Jaina Acāra : Siddhanta aura Swarupa
71
In the past beasts and birds were sacrificed for selfish purposes, wrong traditions or in the name of religion. Hemacandra and Amst acandra in Yogasastra and Purusārthasiddhyupāya' respectively have criticised it saying that such people do not comprehend the spirit of religion and so commit blunders. For whatever purpose, violence will always remain violence. Not only violence, but teasing, frightening, maiming, torturing, keeping some as slaves, falsely accusing people, using touching words, insulting others-all these are intentional violence.
A patient may be writhing with unbearable pain so much so that death seems preferable to such wretched life and some people think that a fatal injection would better serve the purpose. It might be a case of euthanasia, but truly speaking, every body wants to live. The very thought of ending one's life is stained with wilful violence. A householder has to clean the house, cook food and serve his family. All this necessarily involves violence which he cannot help. Akalanka says that he minimises activities and thus incurs not many sins.
The prescribed limits may be transgressed as folllows:- .
(1) 'Bandha' or binding. To keep somebody in bondage, to prevent him from going to the desired place or to make one's employee work overtime without any allowance-all these come under this head. Such binding may be physical, financial or social. To bind somebody with some definite purpose is 'arthabandha' i.e. meaningful. A demented person, for example, may have to be bound for his own treatment. To bind a person purposelessly is sinful or 'anarthabandha'.
(2) 'Vadha'i.e. killing or torturing. To beat a man with stick, whip or stone, to overload him, to take undue advantage of others' weakness, to exploit others' immorally-all these come under this head. All direct or indirect killing is ‘Vadha'.
(3) 'Chabicheda'. To maim a person, to slit him angrily or for mere pleasure is sinful. To cut the salary of your employee, to dismiss him summarily and to pay one less than the stipulated sum-all these come under this head.
(4) 'Atibhāra' or overloading. To overload a bullock, horse and others, to make a person labour beyond his capacity or to make him lift weight which he cannot-all these are subsumed under it.
(5) 'Bhaktapānaviccheda’- Carelessness in giving food and water, in not giving salary to a servant on time just to add to his troubles come under this head.
The second vow is 'Sthūlamțişāvādaviramana' i.e. not to tell lies of which there are different kinds such as:
(i) To State a thing which is not a fact
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