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Jaina Acāra : Siddhānta aura Svarūpa
225 The stages of violence are as under :(1) Samārambha—It is all mental involving cogitation on harming
others and planning it. (2) Samārambha-It is to arrange weapons for the execution of crime. (3) Arambha-It is to execute the plan, to translate it into action.
Amrtacandra has clarified there stages. The first is the thought. The second stage imparts an edge to passion leading to quick inhalation and exhalation as also moving hands and legs. In the third stage harsh words are used to give intense mental agony to the 'victim'. In the fourth stage the victim is despatched.
Anger, pride,deceit and greed are at the root of the aforesaid three types of violence. The four passions multiplied by three types total to 12. These multiplied by three (mind, body and speech) total to 36. To kill, to cause killing and support-killing are three kinds. Thus 36x3 is equal to 108 kinds.
From other standpoint violence is of four kinds as follows:
(1) Samkalp7--It is determinate violence. To make innocent and weak persons fight against one another for sheer joy and self- satisfaction or to exhibit one's power, to hurt animals and birds, to kill them for making money, to keep them under bondage or to be rid of some persons for good come under this head.
(2) Arambhī—This violence is committed while cooking food, cleaning the shop and other places, washing clothes and the like.
(3) Udyogi (industrious) One has to work hard to maintain one's family and to discharge other reponsibilites. Trade, agriculture and the like necessarily involve violence.
(4) Virodhi-When an enemy attacks the country or when antisocial elements are bent upon raping our women, one has to fight against them. Wars and battles cannot be fought without violence. Householders cannot save themselves from the fourth type of violence, but the first type they always shun. What they can and should do is ever to be alert and use their discrimination to shun violence whenever and wherever avoidable. But the unavoidable violence they cannot do without. They avoid battles, but when they are attacked, they must defend themselves.
It has been alleged that the Jaina non-violence has enslaved the country but this is unfounded. - The Jainas demand non-aggression, non-interference in other countries' internal affairs and living in peace on the basis of negotiated settlement as far as possible. When the conciliatory approach fails, confrontation cannot be avoided which Jainism has not disapproved. Fight you must, when you have to. This should be your duty which has to be performed dispassionately and disinterestedly.
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