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Jaina Acāra : Siddhānta aura Svarūpa
203 (12) Kevalī.-It is the death of the Omniscient.
(13) Vaināyasa-It is the death caused by hanging from a tree, falling from a mountain, closing of eyes and the like.
(14) Grddhapristhā—The body of one entering the body of an elephant and the like and that of the elephant are devoured by vultures pinching the flesh of the dead.
(15) Bhaktapratyakhyāna-It is the death of such as give up three or four kinds of food for good.
(16) Ingini-It is the death of such as are on fast and at a fixed place. The monk may serve himself, or refuse to accept the services to be rendered by others. He has to give up all the four kinds of food. : :
(17) Pādapopāgamana—It is the death at the root of a tree of a monk who gives up four kinds of food. He does not serve himself nor accepts services by others. He himself goes to a place of his choice. The Digambaras have named it Prāyopagamana. It is undertaken by those alone who are of sound health.
Bhagavatīsutra divides it into Nirhāri and Anirhāri. In case a monk decides to give up his ghost in the monks' abode itself, his dead body is taken out. So it is called 'Nirhāri'. But when the body is not to be taken out, it is 'anirhari'.
Because of fast unto death the body of a monk is so much emaciated that he does not need to ease nature. He stays steady at the place where he starts fasting. Even if somebody lifts him up to take him to some other place,he is still 'Nirhari', since he continues to be what he had been.
Digambaras and Svetāmbaraş have given different meanings to the very words. The Digambaras say that when a monk deserts his group to join another one and dies there, it is ‘nirhārī' death. They have been interpreted also as immobile and mobile.
The two kinds of death mentioned in Uttaradhyānsūtra 'are Akāma and Sakāma. The first means ignorant death whereas the second means discriminatory. Those coming under the first category die many times but the latter die but once. It means that all his Karmas are destroyed which is the condition of being emancipated. 'Balamarana' is of those who are engrossed in worldly affairs and add to their ever-binding Karmas. 'Panditamarana' is of detached monks and 'Bālapandita-marana' is of the partially detached householders.
. The difference between 'Bhaktapratyākhyāna and inginimarana is that in the first a monk serves himself and accepts others' services too. He gives up three as well as four kinds of food. He may move out anywhere he likes. But in the second kind the monk gives up three kinds of food. He may move freely within the specified area but not beyond it. He cannot also accept service from others.
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