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Jaina Acāra : Siddhanta aura Svarūpa
209 (2) AnidhitaThis is the death caused by natural calamities like excessive rain, famine,lightning, flood or fall froa tree or mountain.
(3) Pramāda - It is death due to carelessness. The causes may be fire, water, weapons, rope, animals etc., The difference between the above two is that in the latter case death is sudden..
(4) Ichhita-This is self-willed suicide by fire, water, fall from a mountain, poison, weapons etc., This is not permissible,even condemnable. Such people do not deserve funeral ceremonies of any kind. All this is prohibited.
(5) Vidhi—This is permitted by Vedic scriptures in the form of embracing fire or water so as to be burnt or drowned.
In Gautama Dharmasāstra eight ways of death are mentioned :(1) Prayahmahāprasthana-It is death after a long pilgrimage. (2) Anāsaka-It is death caused by giving up food and water. (3) Sastrāghāta—It is death caused by some weapon. (4) Agnipravesa-- It is death by jumping into fire. (5) Viṣabhaksana--It is death by consuming poison. (6) Jalapraveša—It is death by drowing. (7) Udbandhana-It is death by hanging. (8) Prapāta—It is death by falling from a mountain, tree etc.,
In the Ramayana and Mahabhārata too the death-wish has been expressed when circumstances became unfavourable or there was separation from the loved ones or when life seemed to be bleak or when one had to meet with durbbing defeat in season and out of season. When Rāma was unwilling to take Sita with him to the forest, the latter contemplated death. Such was the case when in Pancavati she implored Laxanana to search for her husband. Bharata scolded his mother saying, "Better throw yourself into devastating fire or go to the Dandakāranya forest or die by hanging," In the Mahābhārata, too, Duryodhana is very jealous of the Pandavas between whom no love was lost. He told Sakuni that he would set himself on fire, consume poison or be drowned. So said Damayanti to Nala that if he would not marry her, she would rather die than suffer the pangs of separation. Isavāşyopanişada says that those who kill themselves are sent to the demoniac world in a mist of enveloping darkness. In 'Uttararămacarita' Janaka, on hearing of his daughter's abduction, blames himself for still living. He, however, knows that self-immolation is sinful and condemnable. The various Smstis Kurmapurāna, Agnipurāna and the like condemn them saying that they do not deserve funeral rites, offering of water and the like.
Manusmrti says that a murderer of a Brāhmana, a Brāhmana himself who is addicted to drinking and one having sexual intercourse with
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