________________
DIOCMBER, 1920 ] VYAGHRA, THE FEUDATORY OF VAKATAKA PRITHIVISENA
223
have been the strategos of Mazdai also, who, I suppose, was Gondophares' viceroy in Arachosia. As regards (Aspavar)man, the bracketed portion of the long name muy, I think, be found in Sifur, Man being omitted as an inconvenient caudal appendage.
3. Quantaria (Medlycott, p. 285) of the Ethiopic version of The Acts may be Kandahar (Arachosia).
So in my opinion St. Thomas died in Arachosia. But Calamina need not be looked for there. It is Chinnamalai near Mylapore in South India.
It will be very illuminating if Dr. Mingana (of the John Rylands Library) and other scholars take up the study of the extent and duration of the early Christian Church in India -- from Bactria to Betuma (near Singapore, not Mylapore) and from Cape Comorin to the Himalayas-from ancient Syriac and Arabio Sources."1
VYAGHRA, THE FEUDATORY OF VAKATAKA PRITHIVISENA.
BY PROFF99QR S. KRISHNASWAMI AIYANGAR, M.A., (HONY.) PH.D. IN volume LV, page 103, Professor G. Jouveau Dubreuil'e indentification of the Ucchakalpa chief Vyaghra is presented to us in English by Sir R. C. Temple. The learned professor quotes the recently discovered inscriptions published by Dr. Sukthankar in volume XVII, page 12, of the Epigraphia Indica, where a Vyaghra Dêvê is referred to "as meditating on the feet of Vâkâţaka Prithivisena." This inscription, as well as the two others of Prithivisi na published by Cunningham and Fleett, give no further detail than that the ruler Vyaghra who made the grants was a feudatory of the Vâkâţakas. As the professor has pointed out the Uochakalpas had a neighbouring kingdom ruled over by another family of chieftains. Their boundaries happened to be contiguous along a part of the course of the river Tons (Tamasa) in Central India. A boundary stone fixed by a Divisional Officer refers to the Parivrâjaka Maharaja Hastin and Ucchakalpa Sarvanátha as ruling at the time, thus indicating clearly that they were contemporary rulers at the time of the planting of this pillar. The further fact is also correctly stated that the Parivrdjaka Hastin dates his grants in the Gupta Era, 3 clearly stating it in so many words. These dates extend from A.D. 475 to 511. Of the other Sarvanåtha Ucchakalpa, we have also three inscriptions dated respectively, 193, 197, and 214 of an Era which is not specifically stated. As two of Hastin's dates work out respectively to G.E. 191, G.E. 189 with a possible alternative of 201, and if these two dates for Hastin happen to be correct, and if Hastin was, as the Bhumara pillar inscription states, the contemporary of Sarvanátha, Sarvanatha's dates 193 to 214, though not referring to any particular Era specifically, may have to be referred to the Gupta Era. If it is taken as equivalent to the Traikûtaka Era, because in the locality concerned that Era could have been in vogue, there would be a difference of a century almost between the two rulers. It seems, therefore, vory likely that Sarvanatha's dates are also to be referred to the Gupta Era. If this position is assumed to be correct, Hastin in his last years of rule would have been contemporary with Sarvanåtha in the early years of his reign. Sarvanátha was a grandson of a Vyaghra. Of the Uochakalpas the first chief to achieve any prominent position seems to have been Vyaghra's son Jayanatha, as far as we know about them at present. We have two dates for him, 174 and 177, or A.D. 493 and 497, on the basis that the dates are of the Gupta Era. If Vyâghra the father ruled before him, his probable date would be about A.D. 476.
I P.8.-Dr. Mingana has already published his elaborate study in The Bulletin of the John Rylands Library, vol. 10, No. 2, July 1926, and vory kindly sent me a complimentary copy. The Syriac sources he draws upon aru disappointingly lacking in early specific refer noen to partioular localities in India, although vaguo references to India' by name abound in them. Prom page 38 of the reprint of Dr. Mingana's study it is seen that Barbebrous says that not much later than A.D. 798, in the time of Patriarch
Timothy I. (A.D. 779—823) the Christians of North-West India called themselves Ohristians of St. Thomas . --T.K.J.
I Arch. Survey Rep., XXI, 97 and 7.0.1., pp. 233 ff Bhuman Pilar insoription. 7.G.I., p. lll.
3 F.G.I., PP. 98, 102, 107, 114.
